英语口语考试 材料

英语口语考试 材料（精选6篇）

篇1：英语口语考试 材料

A:Many students are considering about what they should do after graduating from school.What do you think about it？

B： I would like to find a job to travel throughout the world to gain personal experience.A： I don’t think it is a good idea.B:why do you think so?You can not only expand my horizons but also earn a living.A:oh.Don’t you think it is dangerous?No friends, no family in a strange country.That must be a horrible life.B:Oh, that’s right.That means I have to deal with many problems on my own.So, what’s your idea?

A： I don’t have any idea yet.My parents want me to work for a few years before postgraduate study.But I want to go to further study right after graduating from college.B:You still have two years to think about it.Don’t you think go abroad is also a choice？You can develop yourself with the advancedteaching methods in those modern schools.A：yeah.Whatever.We must work hard now to achieve our goal.B： you are right.A:Many people are considering about what kind of people are beautiful.What do you think about it？

B： I think the thinner the better.A： Why do you think that?

B:Because the thin person give us a feeling of diligent and energetic。But on the contrary，the fat person give us the feeling of lazy and decadence.A:oh.I can’t agree with you at all.B:Are you serious? The thin person looks so beautiful.So Why do you think so？

A：In my opinion, the thin person seems easy to get sick，the most beautiful person must be healthy but not only thinner.B：Yeah，you are right.I should change the view to the real beauty.A: so just get more exercise to be healthy and you will be more handsome.Live to work or live to enjoy？you are required to present your opinion to your partner

Acan you tell me what’s the meaning of life

Byeah, I define my life is live to work.I am willing to devote all my time and efforts to work.Awhy do you think so?I think work is so boring.and we should live to enjoy

BLiving in a highly competitive society, we need torealize our life values by workingSo I want to say that I will choose live to work as I’m young.Abut I think work just play asmall part in my life.I will pay main attention to my family and life.BI admit family is important, so I would like to earn more and more money in order toafford my family.Ado you have enough time to enjoy your life, if you spent more time for job.Byes, I earn money by work and have fun from work.Aoh our attitudes of life are vary.butwhichever we choose, it’s fine try our best.Byeahyou are right

篇2：英语口语考试 材料

This document presents（介绍）a systematic approach for tendering and awarding of contracts（签订合同）for international construction projects.It is intended to assist the employer / engineer to receive sound competitive tenders（公开投标）in accordance with the tender（招标）documents so that they can be quickly and efficiently assessed.At the same time, an effort has been made to provide the opportunity and incentive（鼓励）to contractors to respond easily to invitations to tender for（投标）projects which they are qualified to implement.It is hoped that the adoption of this procedure will minimize tendering costs and ensure that all tenderers receive a fair and equal（公正与公平）opportunity to submit（提交）their offers（建议）on a reasonable and comparable（同等的）basis.确定采购方式与招标形式。在本文件的内容中，“项目”这个词包括从建设某一特定有形资产的初步构思，一直到雇主对竣工的工程最终验收这一过程中的全部阶段。

项目可按照不同的策略去组织和执行。何种策略最适合项目的目标，取决于项目的性质和复杂程度、融资渠道、项目的生命周期费用、雇主的技术和管理能力，以及总体的政治、经济环境等。

项目策略确定了项目执行的方式，决定了参与各方所扮演的角色，并在某些情况下规定了项目今后运营的方式。因此，各方之间的合同好关系以及每方的权利、义务和风险在很大程度上也是由项目决定的。

在项目的执行阶段，招标是保证按照竞争的条件来采购工程的一种方式。策略的选择属于一项重大的决策，它能产生深远的影响。策略一旦制定，则保证它在整个项目的执行过程中得以遵照执行是十分重要的，不严格遵照该策略，可

能导致采购过程中的疏漏，引起索赔和争端，致使参与各方付出额外费用。

原则上讲，能够单独订立合同的项目的任何部分均可以采用招标形式。

在项目策略决定之后，在工程师的辅助下，雇主应尽快确定项目采用的采购方式和招标方式。

采购方式和招标方式由确定下列各项内容而确定：

（1）招标项目的各个部分

（2）将采用的合同条件

（3）授予合同的标准

（4）招标程序

这些基本的先决条件一旦确定并在雇主和工程师之间达成一致意见之后，便可以开始计划招标何时进行，以及采用何种方式了。

如果由于不可预见的原因导致在项目后面的阶段必须改动招标的原则和形式时，则必须对此类变动涉及的影响认真地加以考虑和判定。

编制招标计划。本文件所述之招标程序意指，为项目的每一部分单独招标须执行的系列工作。

此类工作要按系统的、迅速的方式来进行，这一点是很重要的。因而，对这些工作要认真计划，并纳入项目的总体计划中。

一般说来，在项目的初期阶段，要准备一份关于项目各项重要工作的初步总体计划。作为最低要求，该计划应包括项目的主要阶段，即：

项目确定

招标程序

设计

施工

验收

并应确定与每一阶段相关的所有里程碑日期。

为项目某一具体部分的招标应按照项目总体计划进行。

为了确保做到这一点，应为项目每部分的招标程序的执行制定详细计划。最为最低要求，这些计划应明确规定每个拟签合同所涉及的下列各项工作的期间和截止日期：

编制招标文件

编制资格预审文件

对投标人进行资格预审

接收投标书

开标

评标

授予合同

在每项计划中应考虑到雇主作出必要的决定和给出规定的批准所需的时间。关于这些工作每项的内容和范围进一步的情况将在本文件的以下各节中给出。资格预审文件的编制。概述：建议进行资格预审是为了保证所收到的投标书均来自那些雇主/工程师确信有必要的资源和经验能圆满完成拟建工程的承包商。

资格预审的目的是为了确定有资格的公司名单，同时还确保招标具有一定的竞争性。为了达到这些目的和鼓励承包商对招标邀请做出反应，允许通过资格预审的公司不要超过七个，除非雇主或贷款机构的规则另有规定。

Establishment of Procurement Method and Form of Tendering In the context（上下文）of this

document the word “project’ covers all the stages from the initial idea to construct a given physical asset（有形资产）to the final taking-over（接收）by the employer of the completed work.Projects may be organized and implemented in accordance with different strategies.Which strategy is best suited for the purpose depends on, for example, the nature and complexity of the project, the access to finance（融资渠道）, life cycle（生命周期）costs of the projects, the technical and administrative capability of the employer and the general political and economic environment.The project strategy defines（规定）the way in which the project will be implemented, determines the role of each party involved and, where appropriate（适当处）, specifies（指定）the way the project will operate.To a large degree contractual relationship（合同关系）between the parties and their individual rights, duties and risks are thereby also determined by the project strategy.At the implementation stage of a project, tendering serves as a method to ensure that the work is procured（获得）at competitive terms（条件）.The choice of strategy is a major（较重要的）decision which has far-reaching consequences（深远意义）.Once a strategy has been settled it is of great importance that it be followed（遵循）throughout the implementation of the project.Lack of（没有）strict adherence（遵守）to the strategy may lead to flaws in the procurement process（获取过程）, resulting in claims（索赔）, disputes（争端）and extra cost for all concerned.Any part of a project which can be covered by a separate contract may in principle（通常）be made subject to（根据）tendering.As soon as the project strategy has been decided, the employer, assisted by his engineer, should establish procurement methods and forms of tendering to be used in the project.The procurement methods and forms of tendering are established by determining:

（1）The parts of the project for which tenders are to

be sought（试图获得）;

（2）The conditions of contract to be adopted;

（3）The award criteria;and

（4）The tendering procedure.Once these basic preconditions（前提）have been determined and agreed between the employer and his engineer, the planning of when and how the tendering can be carried out may commence.If, for unforeseen（无法预料的）reasons, changes in principle and form have to be made at

a later stage in the project the implications（含意）of such changes have to be considered and assessed carefully.Preparation of Programmes The tendering procedure, as described in this document, implies that certain activities have to be carried out in connection with（连同）each part of the project for which a separate tender is to be called（招标）.It is important that these activities are carried out in a systematic and timely（适时的）manner.They should therefore be planned carefully and incorporated in（并入）the programme for the project.Normally, preliminary overall programme covering all major activities of the project is prepared in the initial stage of the project.As a minimum（作为最低要求）, such programme should comprise the main phases of the project, that is:

Project definition

Tendering procedure

Design

Construction

Taking-over

and should establish all milestones of significance in connection with（与..有关的）each phase.Calling tenders for a given part of the project should be carried out in compliance with（按照）the overall programme.In order to ensure this compliance（一致性）, detailed programmes should be made for implementing the tendering procedure for each part of the project.As a minimum, these programmes should specify duration（持续时间）and deadlines（最终期限）for the following activities in connection with each potential contract.Preparation of tender documents

Preparation of prequalification（预审）document

Prequalification of tenderers

Obtaining tenders

Opening of tenders

Evaluation of tenders

Award of contract

Time should be allowed（留出）in each programme for the employer to make necessary decisions and give required approvals（批准）.Further information about content and scope of each of these activities is given in the following section of this document.Prepration of Prequalification Documents General: Prequalification is recommended to ensure that tenders are sought only from contractors whom the employer / engineer has already established（确定）as having the requisite（必要的）resources and experience to perform the intended（预期）work satisfactorily.The aim of prequalification is to establish a list of capable（有可能的）firms whilst（同

篇3：英语口语考试 材料

下面结合陕西省2013年初中毕业升学考试试题说明实验“观察种子的结构”的材料选择。

【案例1】实验操作考试生物试题三“观察种子的结构”。

一、实验目的

1.认识种子的结构。

2.掌握观察种子结构的方法。

二、检查实验用品

1.浸软的菜豆种子 (大豆、蚕豆、花生等) 和玉米种子, 培养皿, 刀片, 解剖针, 放大镜, 滴管, 碘液。

2.检查实验用品是否完备, 举手向监考老师示意, 经老师同意后开始实验。

三、实验步骤、结果

1.观察菜豆种子的结构

(1) 观察外部形态, 指出种皮和种脐;

(2) 剥去种皮, 用放大镜观察指出看到的结构。

2.观察玉米种子的结构

(1) 观察外部形态, 指出果皮和种皮;

(2) 剖开玉米种子;

(3) 在种子的剖面滴一滴碘液, 用放大镜观察指出看到的结构。

3.实验结果

绘出菜豆种子和玉米种子的结构示意图。

4.通过实验观察得出结论

菜豆种子和玉米种子的相同点是都有________

这个实验, 要观察双子叶和单子叶两种植物种子的结构。单子叶植物已经规定用玉米种子, 没有选择性。而双子叶植物应选什么种子做实验材料?题目中提到三种浸软的菜豆种子:大豆、蚕豆、花生, 应该选哪一种呢?这要根据实验的目的和要求进行选择。

通过对种子结构的观察与分析可知, 选择个体大的蚕豆种子, 效果会更好。

【案例2】实验:探究淀粉在口腔中的变化。

要求:用凉开水将口漱净, 口内含一块消毒棉絮。约1分钟之后, 用干净的镊子取出棉絮, 将棉絮中的唾液挤压到小烧杯中。

这个实验成功的关键是取出唾液的量。考试中, 几分钟过去了, 有些学生取出的唾液很少。这样就浪费了实验的时间。怎样才能使学生在短时间内分泌出较多的唾液呢?实践证明, 在实验台上放置一草莓培养皿效果很好。学生看到酸甜的草莓, 就会发生条件反射, 唾液的分泌就会增多, 要求取2毫升, 有的学生可以流出20毫升唾液。

【案例3】实验:观察叶片的结构。

这个实验的难点是制作叶片临时装片的过程:1.将新鲜的叶片平放到小木板上;2.右手捏紧并排的两个刀片;3.横向迅速切割叶片;4.把刀片夹缝中存在的薄片放入水中。

植物叶片的种类很多, 什么样的叶片既方便制作临时装片, 又便于放在低倍显微镜下观察呢?这就要选择较薄的叶片, 比如槐树叶片。经过实验, 发现选用洋槐树 (刺槐) 叶比笨槐树 (国槐) 叶要好。

【案例4】实验:观察叶片的下表皮。

1.制作叶下表皮临时装片;2.观察叶片的下表皮细胞、保卫细胞、气孔的形态结构。

在这个实验中, 很多学校选用韭菜叶片, 有的学生分辨不清上下表皮, 错取成上表皮。解决这个问题, 除了生活经验外, 还可以根据叶片的颜色来区分, 靠近上表皮的叶肉细胞因为叶绿体较多, 颜色深;靠近下表皮的叶肉细胞中叶绿体少, 颜色浅。将叶片从颜色深的面轻轻地向下对折, 从下表皮撕下一层透明的薄膜。

这个实验要看到清晰的保卫细胞和气孔, 成功的关键是选择哪种叶片。观察下表皮, 就要选择厚一些的叶片, 便于撕取下表皮。如下图, 海棠花叶片材料很适合, 既便于撕取, 气孔又特别明显, 学生制作装片和观察效果非常理想, 是非常好的实验材料。

篇4：英语口语考试 材料

【关键词】公共英语 口语 测试 方法

全国英语等级考试(PETS)是教育部考试中心设计并负责的全国性英语水平考试体系。和传统的英语教学及测试不同,它重视对学生听、说交际能力的培养,并实行口试与笔试分项报考、考生的单项成绩可保留到下一考次的制度。自PETS考试2003年在我县逐步推开后,已被越来越多的中学生和社会各个层面的人所认可。但是,在考试过程中,仍有一部分考生在口试中感到困惑。下面,作为本考点的口试考官,我就如何提高口语能力,应对公共英语口语测试,谈一点英语口语的学习方法。

一、平时训练中严把语音关

发音的正确清晰,是口语的第一关。如果语音不过关,开口讲话时底气不足,或难以听懂考官或对方的发音,听力受挫,交流就会变得更加困难。要突破语音关,首先要明白的单个音素发音方法,尤其是对英语中那些特殊的音素,一开始就要养成良好的发音习惯。如thanks 中th 的发音就是英语的一个特殊发音,这个音汉语中没有,许多人把它读作[s],这是不可取的。发这个音的要领是,舌尖应该轻触上齿下面的边缘,气流由舌齿间的窄缝泄出,摩擦成音。要过发音关,平时必须严格要求,一丝不苟地去练,进而还需要注意句子中出现的连读,失去爆破,重音和语调节奏等。如果有疑惑,要及时向老师请教纠正。

二、扩大有效词汇量,背诵一些有用的句型

提高口语能力的第二关是“词汇”。我们不止一次在口语测试中发现类似的情况,学生听不懂口试考官的问话,不是听力的原因,而是根本就不明白某个单词的意思,也就是那个句子里的关键词恰恰是考生的生僻词,遇到又不懂得交际策略的考生,只是支支呜呜,不知從何说起,甚至直接迸出一句汉语,“老师,某某词什么意思啊?”导致考试失败。所以,在扩大词汇方面,需要记一些常用词、急用词,对于理解考官和表达自己都是有好处的。还有一些“万能词”,像go,make,do等,这些词在口语中的用法非常活跃,表达生动活泼,简明扼要,内涵异常丰富。掌握十来个这类词,就能套用各种句型,轻松自如地进行口语交流了,所以,词汇量也是解决表达“好不好”的关键所在。

句型是在自己脑海中建立外语语境的重要一环。解决语音和词汇的同时,就是要积累大量的实用简洁的英语口语句型。掌握句型的要求是不但在大脑“贮存”足够的句型,而且要在使用时灵活“调取”。 PETS中每个级别的考试都包含有固定的话题与特定场景相应的特定句型。例如电话场景,商场场景,餐馆场景,机场场景和建议、请求、命令、安慰、指责、兴奋、愤怒等不同话题。因此,在平时的学习中要注意总结不同的场景中的各种表达方式,而且要做到口语流利,形成对特定场景做出快速的语言反应能力。掌握句型的方法首先是背诵和即席发言。熟能生巧,学习英语口语就需要不断重复,要利用每个机会来练习说。说得越多,重复越多,你就会越清楚地表达自己。研究表明,如果一个词语或句子被重复60遍,就成了母语。熟读是说的前提,只要读得通畅,才会说得流利。古话说,“熟读唐诗三百首,不会作诗也会吟”,就是这个道理。熟练句型的第二个方法是即席讲话。讲话时不要拘泥于题目,如谈论家乡的话题,有的同学只说一句“…is my hometown”,下面就不知要谈些什么。实际上,可以扩展到许多话题。例如:家乡的气候、交通、街道、等方面,还可以将话题引入家乡的文化、名胜(或有趣的地方)、及家乡特产去谈论一番。即席讲话就是要求学生克服自卑与羞怯,Enjoy losing face,在轻松愉快的气氛中用英语进行交谈。

三、其它途径

口语交际是一个由简到繁、由易到难、由低到高的过程,它不仅使学生的口语表达能力逐步提高,同时也能开发学生思维、启迪学生的心智和培养学生其他各方面的能力。因此,在口语教学中,离不开教师们的指导。教师应不断地创新、积累,不断寻找提高学生口语交际能力的突破口,为提高学生口语交际能力教学创设更为广阔的天地。例如:英语歌曲比赛、英语故事会、英语角、英语诗歌朗诵会等各种形式的活动。在学生自由交流、表达的过程中,教师还应该加强巡回,个别指导,使学生的口语表达质量更高更出色。

四、领会PETS口试的精神所在

在历年的PETS口语考试中,我们也时有遇到过这样的情况,有些考生面对考试中考官问到某些信息知之甚少或一无所知,而格外紧张或尴尬。事实上,PETS中每个级别的口试,其核心都是互动技能与有效交流。互动技能是指口试主考官与考生之间、考生与考生之间交替进行产出与接受的轮回语言活动。通过双方合作性的交流,共同构建对话,并从中获取各自所需的信息,达到交流的目的。它的设计与评分标准,重点也是看考生的交际能力的强弱,辅以词汇量的大小、语法知识的掌握,以及语言传递的流畅程度。它的核心精神即利用语言这一交流工具进行有效交流,巧妙地回避矛盾、解决难题、达到目的。正因如此,口试教师对考生进行口试评分时,主要是考查考生的语言应用能力及语言的组织能力,而非考核考生在某个方面知识掌握程度的深浅或发表意见或观点本身的正确与错误。所以,考生大可不必为自己缺乏某种信息而紧张或尴尬。如确实无从回答,不妨试试这句话“I‘m afraid that this question is beyond me. Maybe you could offer me some information about this?”,或许它能帮你忙。

总之,只有了解了口试考查重点,领会了口试精神实质,踏踏实实,持之以恒,考生才能运用娴熟的语言,流畅地推进口试的进程,从而获得成功。而且口试的成功,也必将带动英语其他方面,诸如听力、阅读理解的能力的提高。

参考文献: 

[1]全国英语等级考试精编四合一,马玲,天津大学出版社,2004年

[2]Think in American English ,王强,新东方英语,2003 年第1期. 

[3]全国英语等级口语教师培训指南,教育部考试中心,2003年3月 

篇5：商务英语中级考试阅读材料全新

China, India and Russia top the list of the world’s most polluted places, a study of global pollution yesterday found.

在全球十大污染严重的地区中，上述三个国家各占两个，而另外四个地区分别位于秘鲁、乌克兰、赞比亚和阿塞拜疆。

The three countries are each home to two of the world’s top 10 polluted sites, while the others are in Peru, Ukraine, Zambia and Azerbaijan.

临汾和天津分别因空气质量糟糕和金属工业，成为中国污染严重的城市。Sukinda和Vapi由于采矿业和一般工业，名列印度污染严重地区榜首。金属冶炼中心诺里尔斯克和武器制造基地捷尔任斯克，是俄罗斯污染严重的地区。

Linfen and Tianjin are the worst polluted places in China because of poor air quality and the metal industry respectively. Sukinda and Vapi are the worst in India, the former because of mining and the latter from general industry. Norilsk, where metals are extracted, and Dzerzhinsk, home to weapons manufacture, are Russia’s most polluted locations.

铁匠研究所(Blacksmith Institute)发布了有关全球30个污染严重地区的报告。该组织表示，不太可能将十大污染地区进行排序，因为每个地区的污染形式不同，而且在其地理和人口方面也存在很大差别。

The Blacksmith Institute, which produced the report on the “dirty 30” most polluted places on the planet, said it was not possible to rank the top 10 in order because of the different forms of pollution in each place and because they differed widely in their geography and population.

铁匠研究所全球业务主管大卫?汉拉汉(David Hanrahan)表示：“这30个污染城市都对人类健康造成很大毒害。”

“All sites in the dirty 30 are very toxic and dangerous to human health,” said David Hanrahan, director of global operations at Blacksmith.

该研究所所长理查德?富勒(Richard Fuller)称：“事实上，这些污染地区的儿童正罹患疾病，(有些人)生命垂危，而目前还没有解决这些问题的先进科学。”

Richard Fuller, director of the institute, said: “The fact of the matter is that children are sick and dying in these polluted places and it’s not rocket science to fix them.”

报告发现，在30个污染严重地区中，采矿业是污染主要的原因，而金属冶炼、石化及其它工业也是污染的原因。

Mining was found to be the most frequent cause of pollution in the dirty 30 but metals extraction, petrochemicals and other industries were also to blame.

空气污染严重地区分别是中国的临汾、兰州和乌鲁木齐，俄罗斯的马格尼托哥尔斯克，以及墨西哥城。

The worst places for air pollution were Linfen, Lanzhou and Urumqi in China, Magnitogorsk in Russia and Mexico City.

肯尼亚的丹罗拉垃圾场也榜上有名，成为城市垃圾污染严重的地区。

The Dandora dump in Kenya made it on to the list for being the worst site polluted by urban waste.

乌克兰切尔诺贝利的核污染残留物使该地区进入十大污染城市之列，吉尔吉斯斯坦的梅鲁苏地区也因其核场所而上榜。

篇6：20中级商务英语考试阅读材料

Kashmira Gander

Eating mushrooms could lower a man’s risk of developing prostate cancer, scientists believe. However, experts have stressed no single food is known to lower a person’s risk of developing the disease by itself.

Researchers studied 36,499 men in Japan aged between 40 and 79 over a period of 13 years. The participants filled out questionnaires on their lifestyle habits, including their diets.

Those who ate mushrooms at least three times a week had a 17 percent lower risk of developing prostate cancer than those who ate the vegetable once a week, according to the paper published in the journal International Journal of Cancer. This dropped to 8 percent in those who consumed the fungus twice a week.

The link was most obvious in men aged 50 or older. The association lingered no matter how many vegetables, fruits, meat or dairy products, the participants ate.

The researchers aren’t sure of the mechanism behind this link. They believe it could be due to some mushrooms, particularly shiitake, oyster, maitake and king oysters, contain antioxidants. Past studies also indicate the fungus has anti-cancer properties.

While there is no way to prevent prostate cancer, the authors wrote, past research has suggested eating a healthy diet full of vegetables and fruits could cut the risk.

The authors also acknowledged their study was limited because the participants only reported how many mushrooms they ate at the start of the study, and this could have changed over time.

“This finding suggests that habitual mushroom intake might help to reduce prostate cancer risk. Further studies in other populations and settings are required to confirm this relationship,” they wrote.

Weilin Wu, a health information officer at Cancer Research U.K. who did not work on the study, told Newsweek: “Since not much is known about preventing prostate cancer, studies like this are intriguing. But we need a lot more research to back it up and explain any possible link before we can say that people should stock up on mushrooms to cut their prostate cancer risk.

“It’s unlikely that one single ‘miracle food’ will reduce the risk of cancer by itself,” he stressed. “And your overall diet is much more important than eating any one particular type of food. So instead of packing your shopping basket full of mushrooms, try thinking about having a range of vegetables, whole grains and fruits as part of a balanced diet and a way to help you keep a healthy weight.”

Ying Wang, a principal scientist in Epidemiology Research at the American Cancer Society who did not work on the study, told Newsweek food questionnaires are subject to error, and other unmeasured factors might explain the link.

“Readers should keep in mind that the evidence is still limited,” he said. “The finding in the Japanese population may not be expanded to other populations. Further studies are needed before providing dietary guidelines for prostate cancer prevention.”