复活节资料中英文对照

复活节资料中英文对照（精选6篇）

篇1：复活节资料中英文对照

复活节的英文资料

Easter is a convergence of three traditions. Pagan, Hebrew and Christian. Although the observance of Easter was at a very early period in the practice of the Christian church, a serious difference as to the day for its observance soon arose between the Christians of Jewish, and those of Gentile descent, which led to a long and bitter controversy.

Pagan Origins

The Pagan origins of the holiday according to a Venerable Bede, English historian of the early 8th century, the name Easter, like the name of the days of the week, is a survival from the old Teutonic mythology. According to Bede it is derived from the No rse Ostara or Eostre, the Anglo-Saxon goddess of spring, to whom the month of April, and called Eostur-monath, was dedicated. The Greek myth, Demeter and Persephone, with its Latin counterpart, Ceres and Per sephone, conveys the idea of a goddess returning seasonally from the nether regions to the light of day. This is in conjunction with the festival of spring, or vernal equinox, March 21, when nature is in resurrection after winter.

The origin of the rabbit icon, or Easter Bunny, comes from the fact that rabbits are notable for their capacity of abundant production of young especially at this time of year. The use of Easter eggs, has its roots in the characteristic of eggs laid in great numbers in the spring being colored like rays of the returning sun and the northern lights or aurora borealis. There is also a long tradition of decorating Easter eggs and giving them at Easter. See The History of Easter Eggs for more information about this tradition.

Hebrew Origins

The month (April), Bede says, was the same as the mensis paschalis, “when the old festival was observed with the gladness of a new solemnity” The root pasch, from which so many other names for Easter are derived, is from the Hebr ew pesach (Passover) from the verb form “he passed over.” In Exodus XII we read of the night in Egypt when the angel of death “passed over” the dwellings of the Israelites, so sparing their first-born. Hence, the Passover or Jewish Pesac h, celebrated during Nisan, the first month of the Hebrew year.

Christian Origins

It was at the feast of the Passover in Jerusalem that Jesus, a Jew, was crucified and rose from the dead. A name for Easter, therefore, is Pasch, in various spellings, and churches throughout the East and West celebrate Easter as a major feast ranking wi th Christmas, witness the “hot cross bun” or boon distributed among the faithful.

篇2：复活节资料中英文对照

IND（INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG）：临床研究申请（指申报阶段,相对于NDA而 言）；研究中的新药（指新药开发阶段，相对于新药而言，即临床前研究结束）NDA（NEW DRUG APPLICATION）：新药申请 ANDA（ABBREVIATED NEW DRUG APPLICATION）：简化新药申请 EP诉（EXPORT APPLICATION）：出口药申请（申请出口不被批准在美国销售的药品）TREATMENT IND：研究中的新药用于治疗 ABBREVIATED（NEW）DRUG：简化申请的新药 DMF（DRUG MASTER FILE）：药物主文件（持有者为谨慎起见而准备的保密资料，可以 包括一个或多个人用药物在制备、加工、包装和贮存过程中所涉及的设备、生产过程或物 品。只有在DMF持有者或授权代表以授权书的形式授权给FDA，FDA在审查IND、NDA、ANDA时才能参考其内容）HOLDER：DMF持有者 CFR（CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATION）：（美国）联邦法规 PANEL：专家小组 BATCH PRODUCTION：批量生产；分批生产 BATCH PRODUCTION RECORDS：生产批号记录 POST-OR PRE-MARKET SURVEILLANCE：销售前或销售后监督 INformED CONSENT：知情同意（患者对治疗或受试者对医疗试验了解后表示同意接 受治疗或试验）

FDA（FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION）：（美国）食品药品管理局 IND（INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG）：临床研究申请（指申报阶段,相对于NDA而 言）；研究中的新药（指新药开发阶段，相对于新药而言，即临床前研究结束）NDA（NEW DRUG APPLICATION）：新药申请 ANDA（ABBREVIATED NEW DRUG APPLICATION）：简化新药申请 EP诉（EXPORT APPLICATION）：出口药申请（申请出口不被批准在美国销售的药品）TREATMENT IND：研究中的新药用于治疗 ABBREVIATED（NEW）DRUG：简化申请的新药 DMF（DRUG MASTER FILE）：药物主文件（持有者为谨慎起见而准备的保密资料，可以 包括一个或多个人用药物在制备、加工、包装和贮存过程中所涉及的设备、生产过程或物 品。只有在DMF持有者或授权代表以授权书的形式授权给FDA，FDA在审查IND、NDA、ANDA时才能参考其内容）HOLDER：DMF持有者 CFR（CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATION）：（美国）联邦法规 PANEL：专家小组 BATCH PRODUCTION：批量生产；分批生产 BATCH PRODUCTION RECORDS：生产批号记录 POST-OR PRE-MARKET SURVEILLANCE：销售前或销售后监督 INformED CONSENT：知情同意（患者对治疗或受试者对医疗试验了解后表示同意接 受治疗或试验）

PREscriptION DRUG：处方药 OTC DRUG（OVER—THE—COUNTER DRUG）：非处方药 U．S．PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE：美国卫生福利部 NIH（NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH）：（美国）全国卫生研究所 CLINICAL TRIAL：临床试验 ANIMAL TRIAL：动物试验 ACCELERATED APPROVAL：加速批准 STANDARD DRUG：标准药物 INVESTIGATOR：研究人员；调研人员

PREPARING AND SUBMITTING：起草和申报 SUBMISSION：申报；递交 BENIFIT（S）：受益 RISK（S）：受害 DRUG PRODUCT：药物产品 DRUG SUBSTANCE：原料药 ESTABLISHED NAME：确定的名称 GENERIC NAME：非专利名称 PROPRIETARY NAME：专有名称； INN（INTERNATIONAL NONPROPRIETARY NAME）：国际非专有名称 NARRATIVE SUMMARY记叙体概要 ADVERSE EFFECT：副作用 ADVERSE REACTION：不良反应 PROTOCOL：方案 ARCHIVAL COPY：存档用副本 REVIEW COPY：审查用副本 OFFICIAL COMPENDIUM：法定药典（主要指USP、NF）． USP（THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIA）：美国药典（现已和NF合并一起出 版）NF（NATIONAL formULARY）：（美国）国家药品集 OFFICIAL＝PHARMACOPEIAL= COMPENDIAL：药典的；法定的；官方的 AGENCY：审理部门（指FDA）SPONSOR：主办者（指负责并着手临床研究者）IDENTITY：真伪；鉴别；特性 STRENGTH：规格；

篇3：猛犸象会复活吗?(英文)

Remember when woolly mammoths roamed the planet?No?Well don’t worry if you missed the last ice age—scientists have moved one step closer to possibly bringing the beasts back to life with the discovery of liquid blood in a well-preserved mammoth carcass (尸体) in Siberia.

Researchers from the Northeast Federal University in Yakutsk found the 10, 000-year-old female mammoth buried in ice on the Lyakhovsky Islands off the coast of northeast Russia.

Scientists say they poked the frozen creature with a pick and dark liquid blood flowed out.

“The fragments of muscle tissues, which we’ve found out of the body, have a natural red color of fresh meat.The reason for such preservation is that the lower part of the body was underlying in pure ice, ”said Semyon Grigoriev, the head of the expedition and of the university’s Mammoth Museum, in a statement on the university’s website.

“The blood is very dark, it was found in ice cavities below the belly and when we broke these cavities with a poll pick, the blood came running out, ”he said.“Interestingly, the temperature at the time of excavation was-7 to-10℃.It may be assumed that the blood of mammoths had some cryoprotective (防冷冻的) properties.”

Cryoprotectant is a substance found in modern fish and amphibians (两栖动物) living in the Arctic and Antarctic that minimizes the damage to the creatures’tissue in freezing temperatures.

Grigoriev told The Siberian Times newspaper it was the first time mammoth blood had been discovered and called it“the best preserved mammoth in the history of paleontology”.

“We suppose that the mammoth fell into water or got bogged down in a swamp, could not free herself and died.Due to this fact the lower part of the body, including the lower jaw, and tongue tissue, was preserved very well, ”he said.

Grigoriev called the liquid blood“priceless material”for the university’s joint project with South Korean scientists who are hoping to clone a woolly mammoth, which has been died out for thousands of years.

A one-hour documentary about the joint Russia-South Korean quest to clone a mammoth from the creature’s remains aired on the National Geographic Channel in the U.S.in April.

篇4：国外机场指示牌中英文对照

机场费 airport fee 出站

国际机场 international airport

国内机场 domestic airport

机场候机楼 airport terminal

国际候机楼 international terminal

国际航班出港 international departure

国内航班出站 domestic departure

卫星楼 satellite

入口 in

出口 exit; out; way out

进站(进港、到达）arrivals

不需报关 nothing to declare

海关 customs

登机口 gate; departure gate

候机室 departure lounge

航班号 FLT No flight number

来自…… arriving from

预计时间 scheduled time (SCHED)

实际时间 actual

已降落 landed

前往…… departure to0

起飞时间 departure time

延误 delayed

登机 boarding

餐厅 restaurant

由此上楼 up; upstairs

由此下楼 down;downstairs

银行 bank

订旅馆 hotel reservation

行李暂存箱 luggage locker

出港、离开 departures

登机手续办理 check-in

登机牌 boarding pass (card)

护照检查处 passport control immigration

行李领取处 luggage claim; baggage claim

国际航班旅客 international passengers

中转 transfers

中转旅客 transfer passengers

中转处 transfer correspondence

过境 transit

报关物品 goods to declare

贵宾室 V. I. P. room

購票处 ticket office

付款处 cash

出租车 taxi

出租车乘车点Taxipick-up point

大轿车乘车点coachpick-up point

航空公司汽车服务处airline coach

租车处(旅客自己驾车)car hire

公共汽车 bus; coach service

公用电话 public phone; telephone

厕所 toilet; lavatories; rest room

男厕 men‘s; gent‘s; gentlemen‘s

女厕 women‘s; lady‘s

迎宾处 greeting arriving

咖啡馆 coffee shop; cafe

免税店 duty-free shop?

邮局 post office

旅行安排 tour arrangement

篇5：复活节资料中英文对照

The imbroglio over the ceiling does have a darkly amusing side.Many will recall Republican insistence that “uncertainty” was thwarting economic recovery.Yet it is difficult to imagine policies better designed to create maximum uncertainty than a possible default by the world’s most important debtor.Asked about the consequences of a failure to reach a deal on the ceiling, Jamie Dimon, chief executive of JPMorgan Chase, responded: “You don’t want to know.” But we must seek to know;the results would be calamitous.关于债务上限的纠葛确实有其黑色幽默的一面。很多人会记得共和党坚称“不确定性”正在阻碍经济复苏。但我们很难想象出，还有什么政策比世界最重要债务国违约更能制造不确定性。当被问及无法就债务上限问题达成妥协将有何后果时，摩根大通(JPMorgan Chase)首席执行官杰米•戴蒙(Jamie Dimon)说：“你肯定不想知道。”但我们必须设法弄清答案。结果将是灾难性的。

Why is the debt ceiling too dangerous to use? This question has two answers.为何债务上限这种步器过于危险、不应使用？可以从两个层面解答这个问题。The first is constitutional.In a recent article, Neil Buchanan of The George Washington University and Michael Dorf of Cornell argue that a binding debt ceiling would create a “trilemma” for the president: “Ignore the debt ceiling and unilaterally issue new bonds, thus usurping Congress’s borrowing power;unilaterally raise taxes, thus usurping Congress’s taxing power;or unilaterally cut spending, thus usurping Congress’s spending power.” Thus, a binding debt ceiling would force the president to violate his obligation to “take care that the laws be faithfully executed”.The authors conclude that the president should choose the “least unconstitutional” course and ignore the debt ceiling.But, inevitably, whatever the president did would create a constitutional crisis.No responsible Congress would seek to put the president in that position.首先是宪法层面。在近期一篇文章中，乔治华盛顿大学(The George Washington University)的尼尔•布坎南(Neil Buchanan)和康奈尔大学(Cornell University)的迈克尔•多尔夫(Michael Dorf)辩称，具有约束力的债务上限为总统带来“三难”局面：“忽略债务上限，单方面发行新债券，将篡夺国会的举债权；单方面增税，将

篡夺国会的税权；单方面减支，将篡夺国会的支出权。”因此，有约束力的债务上限将迫使总统违背其“监护法律得到切实执行”的义务。两位作者的结论是，总统应选择“最不违宪”的道路，忽略债务上限。但无论总统怎么做，都将不可避免地造成宪政危机。一个负责任的国会，是不会寻求让总统陷于如此境地的。

The second reason why the debt ceiling is so dangerous is that the administration could not obey it in a non-destructive way.At some point between October 17 and the end of the month, the administration would lack the money to pay its bills.All choices would be dire.债务上限如此危险的第二个原因是，政府无法在不带来破坏性后果的前提下遵守债务上限。在10月17日到月底之间的某个时点，政府将无钱支付账单。所有的选择都很糟糕。

One much discussed choice is “prioritisation”: the federal government would pay “high priority” claimants, such as the Chinese government, and default to “low priority” claimants, such as beneficiaries of Social Security or Medicare.Yes, the idea is that awful.一个被广泛讨论的选择是“优先支付”：联邦政府将向中国政府等“高优先级”债权人偿还债务，而对社保或联邦医疗保险计划(Medicare)受益人等“低优先级”债权人违约。没错，这个主意就是那么“馊”。

The US Treasury has two potent objections.First, prioritisation would not protect the “full faith and credit of the United States” – it would still be a default.Second, the US government’s computer systems do not allow it to choose among the close to 100m payments it makes a month.But Fedwire, the system that handles sovereign debt payments, is distinct from the systems making payments to government agencies and other vendors.So maybe the US Treasury could pay the former obligations first and then use any remaining money for the latter, a possibility it denies even exists, to preserve its bargaining credibility.美国财政部(US Treasury)提出两点有力的反对理由。首先，优先支付不能保护“美国的全部信心和信用”——它仍将是一种违约。其次，美国政府的计算机系统不允许财政部在每月的近1亿笔支付中做出选择。但处理主权债务付款的Fedwire系统与向政府机构和其他供应商付款的系统不同。因此，美国财政部也许能够先向前者偿债、然后用余下的资金向后者支付（但它认为这根本不具可行性），以维持自己讨价还价的信誉。

Even if possible, which is unclear, the politics of prioritisation would be disastrous.Yet the economics of a failure to service debt would be worse.US Treasuries are the world’s most important safe assets.If they were to default, even temporarily, there would be an immediate impact on risk premiums and a quite possibly permanent impact on their role as havens.Haircuts would be imposed on their use as collateral.The result, as my colleague Gillian Tett has noted, might be a huge disruption to market liquidity and credit across the world.A Lehman default is one thing;a US default would be quite another.No wonder the gathering of central bankers and finance ministers in Washington last week for the IMF meeting was so agitated about the issue.优先支付即便可行（可行与否尚不明朗），其政治后果也将是灾难性的。但不偿还债务的经济后果更严重。美国国债是全球最重要的避险资产。如果美国国债违约，哪怕是暂时性的，也将对风险溢价产生即刻影响，并很可能对其避险资产角色产生长期影响。它作为抵押品的价值将打折扣。正如我的同事吉莲•邰蒂(Gillian Tett)所说的，结果可能是严重扰乱全世界的市场流动性和信贷。雷曼兄弟(Lehman Brothers)违约是一回事，美国政府违约是另一回事。难怪上周各国央行行长和财长齐聚华盛顿参加IMF年会时，对此问题感到十分焦虑。

The less economically damaging alternative would seem to be for the US government to default on its non-debt obligations.Indeed, many in the Tea Party apparently believe the ceiling is a clever way to impose a balanced budget, though one that would curtail even the short-term borrowing normal for households.Today, this would require immediate elimination of a deficit of about 4.2 per cent of gross domestic product.An instantaneous cut of this magnitude would lower GDP by far more than the 6 per cent that conventional multipliers might suggest.The reason is that all built-in stabilisers would be cut off.As revenue fell along with GDP, spending would automatically shrink further.GDP could fall 10 per cent.This would inflict a domestic and global disaster.经济危害较小的选择似乎是，让美国政府对非债务义务违约。实际上，不少茶党(Tea Party)成员似乎认定债务上限是一种实现预算平衡的更巧妙方法，尽管就连家庭日常所要进行的短期借款也会因此受到抑制。从目前看，对非债务义务违约将立马削减相当于美国国内生产总值(GDP)约4.2%的赤字。但如果突然进行如此大规模的减赤，GDP的萎缩幅度将远超根据常规乘数推算出的6%。原因是，这样一来，所有的内在稳定器都将被切断。随着财政收入伴随GDP下滑，支出也会自动地进一步收缩。GDP可能萎缩10%，对美国国内和全球造成灾难性影响。

Thus, if the administration were to obey the debt ceiling, it would have a choice between a debt calamity and an output disaster.Yet Barack Obama is also right that he cannot concede to people wielding this threat because that would increase their incentive to use it and so, in the long run, the likelihood that the bomb would explode.This device needs to be disarmed.Alas, that is not going to happen.因此，如果政府准备遵守债务上限，它将不得不在债务灾难和经济产出灾难之间做出选择。但巴拉克•奥巴马(Barack Obama)也正确地认识到，他不能对那些用这一威胁逼迫他的人让步，因为那会增强他们使用债务上限步器的动力，从而加大长期内这颗核弹爆炸的概率。债务上限步器应被销毁。可惜的是，这是不会发生的。So the administration also needs to decide what it would do if the ceiling were not to be lifted in time – be it now, next month or at a later date.The least bad answer would be: keep borrowing.The president cannot state he would do so, before the fact.Indeed, he must deny it, since knowing this would lower his opponents’ incentive to raise the ceiling.Yet, if it came to the worst, he would have to borrow, invoking the need to preserve the credit of the government, without which it would be permanently damaged.所以，政府还需决定，如果债务上限无法及时解除——不论是现在、下月还是之后——自己应当采取什么行动。负面影响最低的方案是继续举债。总统不能在采取行动前透露这种打算。事实上，他必须否认自己将这么做，因为他的政敌如果得知他有此打算，他们解除债务上限的动力就会减弱。但如果最糟糕的情况发生，总统就必须以“需要维护政府信用”为由举债——如果不这么做，政府的信用将永久受损。

Borrowing under a constitutional cloud would be risky.The simplest way to minimise

these risks would be to borrow short-term.After all, the US Federal Reserve must ensure that the interest rate remains zero, in order to preserve its monetary policy.The House of Representatives might impeach the president for the “high crime” of ensuring the US government fulfils its promises, but this would fail in the Senate.Someone might challenge Mr Obama’s decisions in court.But how could a judge conclude that the president acted unconstitutionally if Congress has given contradictory instructions?

在宪法的阴影下举债将是危险的。把这些风险降到最小的最简单办法是借入短期资金。毕竟，美联储(Fed)必须确保利率维持在零，以维系其货币政策。众议院可能会因总统为保障美国政府履行其承诺而犯下的“重大罪行”弹劾他，但参议院绝不会通过弹劾案。也许有人会在法庭上质疑奥巴马的决定。但既然国会下达的指示自相矛盾，法官又如何能够认定总统的行为违宪呢？

篇6：复活节资料中英文对照

Western governments are “in their infancy in recognising the problem”, Mr Parkinson told the Financial Times in an interview on the fringes of a defence conference at the UK’s National Physical Laboratory.The EU’s €5bn Galileo satellite system, an alternative to the US-controlled GPS, is equally at risk, Mr Parkinson said.全球定位系统(GPS)被应用在各种各样的设备上，从车载卫星导航仪和智能炸弹，到银行保安装置和飞行控制器，但其创始人警告称，GPS比以往任何时候都更容易受到蓄意破坏和干扰，而政治人士和安全负责人却忽视这一风险。被视为现代卫星定位设计师的布拉德•帕金森(Bradford Parkinson)上校表示，敌对国政府、网络罪犯——甚至是越来越多地使用无线频段、渴望获得数据的普通公民——对GPS的损害，已成为一个“国家安全问题”。帕金森警告称：“如果我们不保持警惕，没有做好准备，”那么各国可能会失去从“导航”到“精准武器投放”等多种能力。“我们必须让它变得更强健„„手机信号塔的时间是根据GPS确定的，如果它们失去了这个时间，它们就失去了同步信号，很快它们就不能工作了。我们的电网和银行体系都是与GPS同步的。” 西方政府“刚刚意识到这个问题”，帕金森在英国国家物理实验室(National Physical Laboratory)参加一次国防会议的间隙接受英国《金融时报》采访时表示。帕金森表示，欧盟(EU)耗资50亿欧元建设的伽利略(Galileo)卫星系统同样也面临

风险。该卫星系统是可替代由美国控制的GPS的另一全球定位系统。

“（在美国）我不知道谁真正负责这个问题。国土安全部(Department of Homeland Security)应该负责（但）„„他们之中没有人对此非常了解。他们倒是会安排个人在这方面发言，但是没有任何预算经费。”