雅思大作文话题总结

2024-06-05

雅思大作文话题总结（精选6篇）

篇1：雅思大作文话题总结

雅思大作文话题总结

教育类:

学生先工作还是先读书？

大学教知识型还是经验型课程？

大学注重找工作还是拓宽学生的能力？

大学注重就业还是其它兴趣的培养？

社会需要专才(professional)还是通才(versatile)？

成功人士是否永远成功？

名人赚大钱应该吗？

学生是否要分班？

教育的作用:

1.A good/qualified teacher can impart or input/convey knowledge into your mind rather than cram it, which is the basic function of teachers.Teaching is the most direct and straightforward way to convey knowledge.2.An excellent/senior teacher can act as a bridge between students and their dilemmas/problems/ills/uncertainties/weaknesses.By referring to//consulting teachers or having face-to-face communication with teachers can you solve your problems more efficiently and effectively.You can even make friends with teachers, which can encourage your studying motivation and initiative, thus forming/cultivating/mastering a sensible learning habit and self-study method.(interaction)The ultimate goal of study is to learn how to study

3.A superlative/sophisticated teacher can be a facilitator or mentor who will enlighten/sparkle students//explore your potentials and provide guidance and orientation as a beacon/light house/torch/compass, paving the road/way for your development in the society.They are spiritual friends and soul mates.老师的作用:

The specific functions of teachers:

1)Teachers can be a supplementary instrument of parenthood.After all, young kids may stay longer with teachers than their parents in kindergartens or nurseries.Most children take teachers as their idols, even more superior to their parents.2)To be frank, teachers treat students more fairly than parents.They neglect the blood hood or family affection, which is conducive to the cultivation of students’ social responsibility or humanity.3)Teachers can be everywhere.We can learn from each of our peers, no matter how close or separate we are.Parents are unique, but teachers can be versatile.Advantages of knowledge:

1)You have to lay a solid foundation of knowledge//build up/enhance/consolidate the

cornerstone of knowledge to keep up with the Joneses/tide, without which you will be deprived of your core competence or specialties(cup of tea)//your core competence will be watered down/deteriorated and you will feel disadvantageous among your peers, thus eliminated by the society.It cannot be denied that accumulation of knowledge or qualifications, as prerequisites and necessities for survival in the competitive world, is conducive/beneficial/wholesome/crucial to your career development and path.Elites are the

framework of society.Knowledge entails innovation(updating and upgrading), lack of which your “cheese”(Current achievements)will be moved easily and for all.Once you are satisfied with your current situation or achievements, you, on the verge of collapse, are bound to lose enthusiasm/zeal/drive/motive for further development, thus encaged/imprisoned/bogged down in the pyramids of stagnancy//bury your head in the sand until the goldmine you are sitting on turns into an active volcano and bursts you up.经验的好处：

1)Experience is the mirror/criteria of checking the accuracy/validity/practicality/feasibility of knowledge

2)poses the counter-effect on knowledge.反作用：

1)clear purpose of learning Only after acquiring certain experience can you know clearly which aspect of knowledge you are in urgent need of.After all, people’s energy is limited.We cannot really wander in the world of knowledge without knowing where the entrance is.Thus, having a clear purpose of absorbing knowledge is like a GPS system, which can help you find a definite objective without much effort.2）more efficient way of absorbing knowledge with more cognition You can absorb knowledge more efficiently with some experience acquired.You can acquire something from different perspectives/angles MBA study Master of Business Administration Conclusion: Only after converted into experience can knowledge yield social value and utility.高频考题：

# 少小离家/出国留学/移民/远离父母/“吃苦”夏令营的好处：

1)hard capabilities:

Broaden/widen/enrich/nourish/nurture one’s perspective/scope/periscope/spectrum

benefits of knowledge

benefits of experience

2)soft capabilities:

@life independence=live by your own psychological independence=make your own decisions, not subject to exterior environment/stand on one’s own feet/self-reliance

@Intelligence Endurance=persistence Laboriousness Tactfulness Adaptability to fit in with the local community

3)Super capabilities:

@enlarge your personal network through socializing with your peers and build up alumni your image alumni

@ locate and orientate your character for career planning by SWOT analysis

When you come to a new and strange environment, you will be more exposed to your true self and more clear about your potentiality, discarding the hidden artificiality beneath the genuine one.Thus, the true image will be clearer for you to decide which path you will take, saving the unnecessary trouble to locate the personality and character in career development.少小离家/出国留学/移民/远离父母/“吃苦”夏令营的坏处:

1)lower your studying efficiency.Lacking in social experience to separate the sheep from the goats, the young adults may meet with malfeasance, thus suffering from the setbacks after entry

into the society.2)easily mentally distracted/absent-minded, because most young adults are in adolescence, overcurious about the outside world.Any fresh things may disturb them from routine study

3)What’s even worse, some of them may go astray to commit crimes, leading to the higher rate of juvenile delinquency.Flexibility reaches its peak when people just graduate from university and join in the workplace fresh and new.However, it deteriorates once you become accustomed to the work pattern and fit in the working environment.Thus, achievement of practice and expertise is, to some extent, at the cost of flexibility and ingenuity.When you are not a fish in the pool, you have become sort of sophisticated。

社会问题类

1)natural or social issues

2)social evils

整体写作思路缺东西、缺东西、缺意识

1）政府（机构、国家）缺乏硬件设施交通/通讯设施/自然资源资金/投资技术/科技人才/专家/研究人员等

2）政府（或机构）缺乏软件“监管”

3）政府（或机构）缺乏法律制度体系

4)个人/机构/国家缺乏意识

贫国和富国差距越来越大的原因：

1)AUTHORITIES The underprivileged / underdeveloped/poverty-striken countries lack necessities and prerequisites for development such as convenient transportation and communication network, sophisticated technology, profuse/abundant investment and capital, and high-leveled talents and elites, which hampers them from rapid and sustainable development.2)INDIVIDUAL The underprivileged/developing countries lack awareness and consciousnessfor a sustainable and comprehensive development.Most developing countries progress and “prosper” at the cost of natural resources, ecological loss, even instability of financial maneuver, thus slowing the pace of development in the long run.3)Historical perspective: The happiness of the developed countries is based on the misery of developing countries.So they develop at different starting levels.Economic perspective: Since the essence of globalization is centralization, which means wealth is in the hands of a few groups/minorities, this shows that as long as globalization exists, it will widen the gap between the minorities and the mass.Political/military perspective: Superpower imposes hegemony/sanctions on the small and middle powers, curding// intervening their development with unfair treatment.4)lack material, skills, network, education

高频考题：

Should policemen carry the gun?

Should the capital punishment be adopted?

Should children be punished physically?

Should the pedestrians be fined?

赞成：1)a warning to//deter the possible criminals;a sense of relief to the citizens

2)protect the citizens concerned and the police staff to avoid more severe consequence raise their sense of social responsibility

反对3)The government should first improve the police staff’s proficiency in handling the on-the-spot crimes and emergencies by allocating more revenue to the social security agency, equipping them with more sophisticated weapons or communicational facilities and giving them a better training or moral education.Without preliminary consolidation of police’s abilities, policemen with gun would rather be a social threat to society.In USA, crimes conducted by police is an existing thorny problem.Prevention is better than cure.Gun is just the ultimate symbol of punishment.Polishing the legal mechanism is the key to guaranteeing the social security.Furthermore, more severe punishment such as lengthening sentences will be a warning to the frequent law-breakers.Raising the citizens’ A&C for supervising the social security altogether is a routine task for all levels of government.Only by collective and coordinative force can the crimes be utterly alleviated.科技类话题：

好处：

1)Labor-saving(money-saving)time-saving esp.for the dangerous/perilous/hazardous/accurate/precise and repetitive work, which is monotonous and tedious.Since, which can keep working or running for a consecutive long time, is emotionless and immune to tiredness, it will increase/enhance the efficiency and productivity of work.The time saved can be utilized for other purposes.Compared with their machine counterpart, people are liable to make mistakes, more vulnerable to stress and physical condition.2)can push back the frontier of science and technology(airline/aviation business)through innovation and ingenuity as an avant-garde.Each generation of product acts as the stereotype /milestone/by-product for their later innovations--descendents.坏处：

1)Relying on too heavily//Overdependence on will deteriorate the creativity, flexibility and self-motivation of humans, thus leading to the degradation of(human progress).S&T, as a mountain of cheese, can make people lost and lacking in motive for innovation.Knowledge

2)Since is devised or manipulated by human beings, once it malfunctions or breaks down, it will cause disastrous consequence or aftermath(economic loss, environmental pollution or life death).Sometimes is beyond man power, which will reach the opposite effect.高频考题：

Computer-based library:

Cons:

1)inconvenient for computer-illiterates especially the aged

2)cyber security and piracy once attacked by hackers

Pros:

convenient for the management of library labor-saving for the borrowers push back the frontier of library industry high-tech media(Multi-media)

versatile=wide range of resources and materials on the web, easily accessible with multiplied way of reading instant updating and upgrading Stimulate the appetite of readers for reading, thus

enhancing the utility of libraries

应不应该鼓励快餐业发展?

Cons: 1)less nutritious and tasty compared with natural food

2)low security food quality blended with chemicals(addictive)

Pros:

Convenient(money-saving, labor saving, time-saving)for the consumers since we save the trouble of importing and transplanting the natural food from their places of origin.Local processing is also conducive to the locals through adapted taste or flavor.Eating some kinds of processed food with limited amount pushes back the frontier of innovative food research, since we may consume all natural food in one day due to environmental degradation and ecological deterioration.Raising people’s A&C for extinction of natural food through researching is really a must, which promotes the research of alternatives to natural food.应不应该用动物做实验？

Pros:

1)Comparatively speaking, live animals are more easily available/accessible than human beings(their superlative counterpart).Though it is contrary to ethics, research with live animals helps promote S&T materially.2)After all, history proves many tremendous findings and scientific accomplishments are really the outcome of research using live animals, which pushes the back of the frontier of innovation in all fields of S&T, esp.in pharmaceuticals, biology, genetics and medical services.More and more people use the mobile phone or computer to communicate, and no longer write letters to each other.Some people think the skills of letter writing will soon disappear completely.Do you agree or disagree?

Importance of Letter-writing:

i.more emotional and personal way of communication with the receiver.ii.iii.avoid direct and instant response/feedback as a formal way such as declination of university application or business invitation letter.i.display and popularize the Chinese traditional culture through letter-writing.Nowadays, some people claim that public museums and art galleries will not be needed because people can see historical objects and works by using computer.Do you agree or disagree?Pros of public museum

1)real beauty rather than artificial beauty—the value of arts and museum

2)place for preserving cultural relics and heritage

3)raise people’s A&C for art appreciation and historical experience replica meditation on With technology speeding up, more and more young people begin to use mobile phones and the Internet, but old people have little chance to be exposed to them.What ways could mobile phone and the Internet be useful to old people? How do old people be

encouraged to use this new technology?

1)convenient and labor-saving for them to communicate with their family, relatives and children

2)enrich their life esp.after-retirement

3)narrow the generation gap with young adults, thus the society

4)stimulate national GDP

Solution:

Government allocate special fund for eliminating aged computer-illiterates Family

The aged raise their A&C for using modern technology

篇2：雅思大作文话题总结

朗阁海外考试研究中心

雅思写作的话题重复度非常高，主要是在于写作话题总共也只有10大类，而对于任何一个类型的考题都是从其中的母题演变过来的，所以写作上面的思路基本上大同小异，没什么特别大的区别。在这十大类的雅思写作考题之中，最常见的考题属于教育类话题，下文中就带领大家纵览教育类话题中的六大母题以及其演变过来的子题。只要将本文中的话题练到，教育类话题一定攻无不克战无不胜，在真正的考场上正常发挥，拿到高分自然非常简单。

朗阁福州雅思培训写作专家下面整理了关于教育的雅思写作话题的分类和相关延伸的话题，非常详细，也非常有实际的借鉴意义。下面大家一起来看看详细内容吧。

一、教育应该包括哪些内容？

母题：It is generally believed that education is of vital importance to the development of individuals and the well-being of societies.What should education consist of to fulfill both these functions？

翻译：教育对于个人的发展以及社会的完善非常重要。教育应该包括什么内容去实现这两个目的。

提示：可以从教育所提供的科目来写，首先是专业学科（语言、数学等）——这可以培养学生的专业技能以及形成整套的专业理论知识；其次是道德法律教育——这可以教导学生辨明是非以及不做违反法律的行为，成为合格的公民；再次艺术以及体育等科目——可以提供学生放松、锻炼身体的机会；再次是选修科目——可以允许学生发展自己的兴趣爱好；最后是学校有很多的课后活动例如社团和比赛之类——可以培养竞争合作精神、交流表达能力甚至领导团队的能力。

所以围绕这个话题，可以将上文中出现的点分开，到底属于培养个人的还是健全社会的。对于个人而言，学习可以培养学生的专业技能，有利于将来就业、可以允许学生发展自己的兴趣爱好。从社会角度看，学校可以培养一个合格的社会人才——有团队合作精神、遵纪守法、有工作能力为社会创造经济价值等。

这个话题是教育类话题中最常见的话题，如果准备好可以以不变应万变，其他的话题可以套用里面的思路。

子题：

1）大学应当教授理论知识（theoretical knowledge）还是实践技能（practical skills）？

2）大学是应当把学生培养成合格的公民（a good social member）还是让他们自己得益（benefit as an individual）？

3）准备未来职业最好的方法是上大学还是尽快离校积累工作经验？

4）老师要教学生如何判断是非吗？

二、学校的科目谁来选择？

母题：Some people think that the government should decide which subjects students should study at the university，while others think that students should be allowed to apply for the subject they prefer.Discuss the two views and give your opinion.翻译：有人认为政府应该决定学生在大学应该学什么科目，但是另外有人认为学生应该被允许自己申请他们喜欢的科目。讨论双方并且给出自己的观点。

提示：对于这类话题当然是站在双方的角度进行探讨，首先应该明确写出由政府决定大学设立学科的好处，例如政府更能够知道就业市场需要哪方面的人才、在有些科目上政府可以进行投资、政府可以进行人才的合理分配；其次讨论另一方如果是学生自己能够选择自己喜欢的科目带来的好处，例如学生会更有动力学习毕竟兴趣决定了一切、学生会有更大的自主权等。

子题：

1）要不要只学学术类科目？

2）学校要不要教导学生辨明是非？

3）要不要学国际新闻？

4）要不要学历史？

5）要不要中学阶段就学习外语？

6）要不要学数学哲学这类的科目？

7）为什么在大学学习理科的人数少了？

8）为什么大学男生更多选择的是理科而女生选择文科？

三、什么样的教学方式最好？

母题：Many people use distance-learning programmes（study material post，TV，Internet，etc.）to study at home，but some people think that it cannot bring the benefit as much as attending college or university.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion？

翻译：很多人使用远程教育来学习（例如电视，网络等），但是有人认为远程教育没有在大学学习获得的好处多。在某种程度上你同意还是不同意？

提示：

远程教育好处：anybody，anywhere，any time；更少的学费；学习信息更新快。

远程教育缺点：缺乏师生之间以及学生之间的interaction;缺乏教师的moral guidance;因为没有体育课且久坐电脑前，会引发健康问题。

学习教育的好处：效率更高（有老师的及时反馈以及同学之间的讨论帮助）；除了学习之外还有很多其他的活动，可以放松压力；可以参加一些与自己专业知识有关的活动——增加实际经验。

子题：

1）私立学校好不好？

2）留学好不好？

3）要不要分快慢班？

4）小组学习还是单独学习好？

四、谁来为学费买单？

母题：Some people believe that university students should pay all the cost of studies because university education only benefit the students themselves not the society as a whole.To what extent do you agree or disagree？

翻译：有人认为大学生应该自己支付全部的大学费用因为大学教育只对学生自己有好处，对社会没有好处。在某种程度上你同意还是不同意。

提示：这些话题都有一个共同的特征：高等教育只对学生自己有好处，因此学生应当自行为高等教育买单。这类题目的写法非常有规律，先驳斥这种理由，再交代学生自己支付学费的后果就可以了。

子题：

1）政府要为学生买单吗？（缺点是给政府带来经济负担，这类话题写法和其它政府类话题一样）

2）谁为大学生买单，他们自己？政府？还是政府贷款？这三种方法的好处分别是什么？你认为最好的是哪一种？

五、孩子们要不要参加社会实践？

母题：Some school leavers travel or work for a period of time instead of going directly to university.What are the advantages and disadvantages？

翻译：有些高中毕业的学生没有直接进入大学上学，而是去工作或者旅游一段时间。这样做的好处和坏处分别有什么？

提示：gap year好处就是各种能力的锻炼，例如增加实际操作经验、处理各种突发状况的能力；增长见闻。其缺点就是容易受到社会恶习的影响，误入歧途；尝到了不上学的甜头，不愿意或者是很难再重新适应学生环境。

子题：

1）要不要参加无偿社会劳动？

2）要不要毕业去农村锻炼？

3）要不要从小远离父母居住？

六、家庭教育

母题：Some people say that children should obey the rules of their parents and teachers，while other people think children will not be well-prepared for their adult life if they are given too much control.Discuss both views and give your opinion.翻译：有人认为孩子应该遵守老师和家长制定的规矩，但是另外有人认为如果小孩从小被管得太多，长大之后会适应不了成年生活。讨论两方面并且给出自己的观点。

提示：写一下各自的好处就可以了，最后的结论是早年的时候要教授他们明辨是非，对于做错的事情要惩罚，但是也要适可而止让其兴趣爱好得到自由发展。

子题：

1）要不要把小孩趁早送到学校去？

2）老师对儿童的智力和社会发展所起的作用大于家长吗？

3）同龄人压力（peer pressure）的利弊？

4）穷人家的孩子是否早当家？

5）家长是否应该为五岁小孩的犯罪负责？

篇3：浅谈雅思写作大作文的写作策略

“怎样写”涉及的问题很多, 无非就是交给学生一些写作知识, 训练学生写作基本功。通过运用一些应用性强的写作技巧来提高学生的写作水平, 从而达到获得高分这个最基本的目的。在雅思大作文的写作中我们会遇到三大类的作文题目:观点类、讨论类和问题类。如何完美地完成任何一类写作类型呢?需要从以下几个方面入手。

1.1 文章的选材与安排

文章确立了主题后, 通过日常的积累会在脑海中涌现出很多材料, 但是, 并不是每一个材料都在此文章是典型的内容并有很强的说服力, 这就需要考生对这些材料进行选择与安排, 这就等于给这些零散的材料一个完整而有生命的形式。虽然对材料的恰当的选择与合理的安排是最艰苦的工作, 但是, 正是有了这项艰苦的过程, 才使得文章的血肉即材料和骨骼即结构联结起来, 使文章成为一个紧密有机的整体。

1.2 文章的结构

在审题过后, 一旦确立了文章的中心论点, 接下来就需要对文章的结构进行确立, 结构是一篇好作文不变的中流砥柱, 合理而逻辑性强的结构有助于对论点的阐释和论证, 那么对雅思大作文的写作, 考生应该如何安排自己的文章结构呢?

在雅思考试中, 要求在有限的时间里完成250字的作文, 显然不是一件很容易的事, 这就需要考生有一套实战性很强的结构模式, 既有利于考生在有限的时间里完成写作任务, 又能够使考生简单而清晰地表达思想, 把要论述的内容讲清楚。在一些关于写作的参考书中, 四段式和五段式是最为常见的结构模式, 两者各有利弊, 通过在教学中对学生作文的批阅所反映出的问题, 我发现四段折衷式更适合学生在考场的发挥。原因很简单, 一般只有两种思路:一边倒的思想和采取折衷的态度。如果选用一边倒的写作思路的话, 在40分钟内写完至少250个词不是一件简单的事, 这是大多数从考场下来的考生共同的感觉。相反, 如果采取折衷的写法, 这就简单得多了, 我们都知道, 正反两方面的写作要比单方面的写作容易得多, 在有限的时间内凑足字数显然不是件难事, 所以选择折衷的思路是最佳的决定。那么是四段还是五段呢?如果采取的是五段式, 在考场情绪紧张的情况下, 把握不好会导致段与段之间关系混乱, 影响文章的连贯性和整体性。反之, 选择四段式就可以避免这个问题的出现, 这样写出的文章整体思路很清晰:第一段给出自己的观点, 第二段给出自己更倾向的那一方的观点并给出相应的论据, 第三段通过让步的手段, 提出自己不太倾向的观点并给出一定的论据, 第四段总结全文。通过这样的布局安排, 会给考官一个清晰的思路, 明确的思想。

1.3 文章采取多样性的句式

通过批阅学生的作文, 不难发现, 大多数学生存在这样的问题:大量使用简单句, 句型单调, 表达方式不够灵活, 这必然会影响考官的评分。写作中通过不同句型和句子结构的交叉使用, 能够增强句子层次感和节奏感, 使句子灵活、简洁、表意完整、丰富, 使文章更富光彩。经过在教学中总结经验和课下同学生进行交流相结合, 考生若想在考试中给考官一个好的印象而获得高分, 掌握三大句式是十分必要的。

1.3.1 强调句

在写文章时, 有时候需要突出或强调某个词、词组或句子, 这时就要用强调结构。强调句型有很多种, 掌握最基本的强调句对于每个考生来说是很容易的。

It is (was) …that和It is (was) …who这两种强调句式的意思为“正是…导致了…”。

例如:It is the traditions in Beijing that attract many foreign tourists.

It is the interaction of the two that shapes a person's personality and dictates how that personality develops. (这句是考官范文里面的句子)

1.3.2 虚拟语气

虚拟语气把动作当作一种只存在于讲话人想象中的“假设”或“推测”, 而不是当作客观现实中的真实事件。它表达的是怀疑、忧虑、推测、假设、想象或祝愿等。

例如:If this were not true, then we would be able to predict the behavior and character of a person from the moment they were born. (这是考官范文中的句子)

If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way.

1.3.3 定语从句

定语从句分为两种:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 (注意关系代词that是不可以用于非限制性定语从句的) 。

例如:He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.

1.4 连接词的准确使用

一篇文章的整体性和连贯性主要是通过连接词的使用来体现的, 所以, 正确地使用连接词可以有效地表达文章的思想。在一篇雅思议论文中, 对于考生来说, 掌握最常见的主句和从句的关系以及在每个关系中最基本的连接词是很有用的, 而且实战性也很强。例如, 因果关系, 对比关系, 让步关系, 举例关系等。

2 关于“写得怎么样”的问题

在这里“写得怎么样”主要是指评价一篇作文的写作水平。一篇文章即使有了充实的内容和精彩的词汇与句式, 但是, 如果文章中出现大量的语法错误, 仍然会影响考官对文章的评价, 所以对于一个刚完成的文章, 检查这一个环节是十分必要的。考生可以通过检查来修改文章中出现的错误或不足, 从而力争使文章达到最完美的境地。在检查的时候, 可以从两大方面着手。

2.1 从整体上看

文章是否有主题句, 主题句是一篇议论文的灵魂, 分论点是围绕主题句展开的, 不可偏离主题句, 与之无关的内容不应该在文章中出现。另外, 要注意各段之间的有机联系, 这一点尤其要在段首体现出来, 要注意各段的自然连接, 融会贯通。

2.2 从细节上看, 检查要细致

(1) 句子与句子之间, 段落与段落之间是否有恰当的连接词, 来保证思想能够连贯而流畅地表达。

(2) 单词的拼写。在作文中, 不可以写单词的缩写式, 另外, 文章当中的单词不可既有英式英语的拼写, 又有美式英语的拼写。正确的处理方法应是行文中统一地使用某一种, 而不是两者的混合。

(3) 语法是否正确, 包括名词的数、动词、时态、主谓一致以及介词的搭配等。

简言之, 写作是一个思维过程, 是一种言语交流, 是多种语言能力的综合反映, 它可以考察学生的组织能力、逻辑思维能力和语言运用能力, 同时, 也可以测量语言使用的准确性、流利性和合适性, 而这种能力不是靠一时之功而得的, 平时必须加强训练, 培养写作能力, 提高写作水平。

参考文献

[1]文秋芳.英语学习策略论[M].上海:上海外语出版社, 1996.

[2]孙骊.英语写作[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1997.

[3]吴建业.IELTS写作高分全攻略[M].北京:世界图书出版公司北京公司, 2004.

[4]新东方教育科技集团雅思研发团队.雅思写作胜经[M].北京:群言出版社, 2006.

篇4：雅思大作文攻略之论证

时代背景切入法

时代背景切入法，顾名思义，就是从作文话题背后所涉及的时代主题思考，从而为自己的观点进行论证和诠释，甚至可以从时代主题的角度来思考作文话题涉及问题的解决对策。最新的雅思作文考试要求显示，如果考生能给出问题的解决方案，其写作得分要明显高于只作简单分析然后给出自己观点的考生得分。目前，雅思大作文话题主要包括以下几类：①教育改革，这类话题是老生常谈的大作文主题，每年都会有变种题，2010年5月就出现了三次。②城市化，该话题在2010年7月17日和8月14日的真题上出现过。③老龄化，这类话题在2010年3月6日的真题中出现过。④犯罪问题，该话题在2009年6月13日和2010年1月30日的真题中出现过。那么考生该如何利用时代背景来寻找相关论据呢？

以教育改革话题为例。教育改革涉及的时代背景是产业结构和布局的调整以及全球化的推进等。因而，当考生碰到教育改革话题时，可以联想到产业结构的调整和全球化背景。例如，对于“商学院是否应该设置环境学课程”这个题目，考生便可以从时代背景方面入手解题。以“支持商学院设置环境学课程”的观点为例，考生可以联想到产业升级的时代背景：目前，传统制造业向服务业转型的大趋势促使企业要考虑环保因素，注重环保已经成为企业家的一项社会责任，而这就决定了培养企业家的商学院课程也应顺应此趋势。在此基础上，考生还可以以“酒店业和旅游业对具备环境知识的人才需求大增”为例进行论证。另外，该题还可以从“经济和环境”的关系来论证，进而联想到绿色企业与可持续发展的关系。

再以老龄化话题为例。题目是“Should old men live with young people together, or should they live in the clubs for old men? Please discuss.”显而易见，该题目涉及的时代背景就是老龄化带来的社会问题。首段可由此切入主题，阐述我们正进入一个老龄化社会，这就无可避免地引出一个问题：老年人应与年轻人一起住，还是住养老院。

切入主题后，考生要表明自己的立场。如果考生支持“老年人与年轻人一起住”，就可以从和谐社会与关爱老人的时代背景进行讨论。如果考生支持“老年人住养老院”，则可以从以下角度来进行论证和思考：①老龄化社会的来临意味着老龄人口在总人口中所占的比例越来越大，工作人群锐减，青壮年劳动力的工作量加大；②年轻人由于忙于工作，没有足够的时间照顾老人；③老年人住养老院可以减轻年轻人的负担，而年轻人没有了后顾之忧，便能更大程度地释放他们在职场上的创造力，社会也会因此更有活力。

雅思大作文的话题都是实实在在的社会热点。因而，考生不仅要在备考写作方面下工夫，还要时刻关注社会热点，积累写作论据。在备考的过程中，考生还要注意积累各类话题的规范英文表达，例如cultural diversity (文化多样性)、juvenile delinquency (未成年犯罪)、urbanization (城市化)、aging society (老龄化社会)等。

立场切入法

所谓“立场切入法”，就是从问题所涉及的各个利益相关群体(即各立场方)的角度来思考问题，寻找论据。利用“立场切入法”来进行论证时，考生应首先找出问题所涉及的各立场方，然后再以自己支持的观点为核心，分析各个立场的利弊。

我们不妨再以上文的题目“Should the elderly and young live together, or should the elderly live in the facilities especially for themselves? Please discuss.”为例。该话题涉及的相关利益方包括the elderly、young people、facilities以及隐含的government(一般来说，只要话题涉及社会管理，都隐含着政府立场)。如果考生支持“老人与年轻人住在一起”，便可以从上述四个立场选择几个立场找论据。

首先，从老年人(the elderly)的立场来看，考生可以为自己的观点寻找到以下论据：①老年人和年轻家人住在一起可以享受到家庭气氛；②老年人在家还能发挥余热，照料小孩和操持适当的家务，从而避免产生退休后的挫败感(frustration)等。

其次，从年轻人(young people)的立场来看，考生也可以为自己的观点找到论据，例如：①老年人在家可以帮助年轻人照料孩子和操持家务，减轻年轻人的负担；②年轻人缺乏社会经验，有问题可以及时与老年人讨论从而得到启发等等。

最后，从隐含的政府(government)立场来看，考生可以找到以下论据：老年人居家养老可以减轻政府的公共投入，减轻政府的财政负担，缓解当前政府在金融危机后出现的财政危机。考生还可以指出，政府应当给经济困难的家庭适当的补贴以减轻家庭养老压力，这一补充无疑会使论证更为周全。

由以上分析可知，考生若能从各大立场来分析作文话题，便能把话题讨论得更为充分。当然，由于考试的时间有限，考生不必面面俱到，只需对每个立场选择最具说服力的论据进行论证即可。

实战演练

下面我们以一道雅思大作文题目为例，综合运用上述方法来解决雅思写作中的论证问题：

Although currently people are free to use tobacco, some people think it should be made illegal as other drugs. To what extent do you agree or disagree? What’s your opinion?

下面我们以“不同意禁烟”为观点，分别利用立场切入法和时代背景切入法为这一观点寻找论据。

立场切入法

通过审题，我们发现题目中涉及的立场方主要有两个：要求禁烟的人和反对禁烟的人。因而，我们可以分别从要求禁烟方和反对禁烟方的立场为“不同意禁烟”寻找论据。

1. 要求禁烟方的立场：题目中要求禁烟的一方认为应该像禁毒一样禁烟。我们可以就这一立场，通过比较毒品和烟草的差异来驳斥其观点。例如：

Compared with other drugs, say, marijuana, opium and heroin, tobacco is less hazardous to individuals or the society as a whole. The majority of drugs jeopardize human health, as well as social stability, while smoking is usually the individual’s freedom, as long as it poses no threat to others’ health.

此外，还可在此基础上举反例证明禁烟是脱离实际的。如果考生熟稔英美文化的话，还可以以上世纪美国20年代夭折的禁酒令为例证，使论证更加具有说服力。例如：

If the manufacture and sale of tobacco is prohibited, the smuggling of tobacco, undoubtedly, will be rampant. The failure of the United States Prohibition of Alcohol is a case in point. The authorities prohibited the selling of alcohol by legislation, but that only led to the worsening of alcohol smuggling in the 1920s.

2. 反对禁烟方的立场：题目中出现了烟民的立场，认为“吸烟是个人自由”。我们的论证可由此展开，指出吸烟是个人自由，能起到提神醒脑、释放精神压力的作用。例如：

Many people, especially males, take it for granted that there should be something, such as tobacco, alcohol or sports, to unleash their psychological stress.

时代背景切入法

从各个利益相关者的立场角度分析完后，考生还可从时代背景切入，来论证“不同意戒烟”这一观点。若着眼于时代背景来论证，主要涉及两个方面：首先，从全球范围来看，世界上绝大多数国家目前并没有实行严格意义上的禁烟；其次，从烟草业与社会发展的关系来看，当前的烟草业对国家税收、烟草农业以及社会的就业与稳定等方面皆有较大的贡献。

考生从立场和时代背景切入论证完“不同意禁烟”的观点后，在最后一段总结全文，概括归纳上述理由，做出结论即可。

Exam by Chance

A young student reported for a final examination that consisted of only true/false questions.

The student took a seat in the hall, stared at the test for five minutes, removed a coin from his pocket and started tossing the coin and marking the answer sheet. Heads meant true, tails (硬币背面) meant false. The young student finished the exam in 30 minutes, while the rest of the class was sweating it out (苦熬，坚持下去).

Suddenly, during the last few minutes, the young student began desperately throwing the coin and sweating profusely (大量地).

The moderator, alarmed, approached the student and asked what was going on.