药用植物来源分析论文提纲

论文题目：埃塞俄比亚阿瓦什河流域药用植物中重金属的潜在来源和健康风险分析

摘要：从古至今传统药用植物已在世界各地使用。然而,环境污染特别是重金属对药用植物的质量和安全造成了严重威胁。在埃塞俄比亚,超过80%的人口依赖于传统的药用植物,但对该国传统药用植物中重金属污染的研究却很少。本项研究主要调查了埃塞俄比亚阿瓦什河流域4种药用植物药用植物中的重金属浓度,并分析其潜在的来源并评估可能存在的风险。所记录的植物中重金属A1,Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Hg和Pb的平均浓度分别为:Xanthium strumarium L.（Asteraceae）中分别为 1.934,0.023,0.023,0.045,0.129,ND,0.025,ND 和 0.009 mg/kg,Ficus exasperata Vahl（Moraceae）中分别0.834,0.036,0.024,0.021,0.090,ND,0.002,0.001 和 0.016 mg/kg,Persicaria attenuata（R.Br.）Sojak（Polygonaceae）中分别为 1.603,0.018,0.019,0.025,0.133,0.005,0.006,0.002 和 0.012 mg/kg,Kanahia laniflora（Forssk）R.Br.（Asclepiadaceae）中分 0.557,0.010,0.010,0.024,0.098,ND,0.012,0.020和0.004 mg/kg。植物物种之间的重金属浓度的统计差异用单样品t-检验分析,显著水平α=0.05。所得到的结果表明,α=0.05时,物种间Al,Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn和Pb表现出显著差异,而As,Cd和Hg没有显著差异。Pearson相关性分析表明,α=0.01时,Al-Ni（r=0.927**）和Zn-Cu（r=0.764**）在显著水平之间有很强的正相关性。主成分分析表明,植物中重金属的来源与人为因素有关。使用Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin（KMO）和Bartlett’s测试对取样充分性和球形度进行了评估。除了苍耳（Asteraceae）中的Cr和无花果（Moraceae）中的Pb外,所有元素的平均浓度均低于粮农组织/世卫组织（2001/2005）的允许限度。为了评估这些植物中重金属的健康风险,计算了每日摄入量（DIM）,目标危害商（THQ）健康风险指数（HI）和癌症风险。结果表明,除铝元素外,其余元素的日摄入量均呈衰减趋势。Sojak低于美国环境保护局为成人和儿童确定的口服参考剂量。所有植物的危害指数均＞1,这表明食用这些植物存在潜在的非癌症风险。然而,所获得的癌症风险结果表明,所有值都在可接受的致癌风险范围内。这意味着这些植物的消耗在癌症风险方面是安全的,而对于非癌症风险则是不安全的。

关键词：重金属;浓度;药用植物;阿瓦什河流域;微波消解

学科专业：生态学

摘要

Abstract

Abbreviations

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 General Background of Heavy Metals

1.2 Statement of the Problems

1.3 Objective of the Study

1.3.1 General Objective

1.3.2 Specific Objectives

1.4 Justification of the Study

1.5 Significance of the Research

Chapter 2 Literature Review

2.1 Background of Medicinal Plants in Ethiopia

2.2 Botanical Information of the Studied Plants

2.2.1 Xanthium strumarium L

2.2.2 Ficus exacerbate Val

2.2.3 Persicaria attenuate (R.Br.) Sojak

2.2.4 Kanahia laniflora(Forssk.) R.Br.

2.3 Nature and Characteristics of Heavy Metals in the Environment

2.4 Sources of Heavy Metals in Environment

2.5 Effect of Heavy Metals on Plants

2.6 Human Health Impacts of Heavy Metals

Chapter 3 Materials and Methods

3.1 Description of Study Area

3.2 Sample Collection and Pretreatment

3.3 Chemicals and Reagents

3.4 Sample Extractions and Analysis

3.5 Instrumental Analysis

3.6 Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantification

3.7 Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC)

3.8 Statistical Analysis

3.9 Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Plants

3.9.1 Estimated Daily Intake (EDI)

3.9.2 Non Cancer Risk (THQ)

3.9.3 Cancer Risk (CR)

Chapter 4 Result and Discussion

4.1 Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Plant Species

4.1.1 Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Xanthium strumarium L. (Asteraceae)

4.1.2 Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Ficus exasperata Vahl (Moraceae)

4.1.3 Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Persicaria attennuata (R.Br) Sojak(Polygonaceae)

4.1.4 Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Kanahia laniflora (Forssk.)R.Br.(Asclepiadaceae)

4.2 Relationships between Heavy Metal Concentrations in Plants

4.3 Factor Analysis

4.4 Cluster Analysis

4.5 Risk Assessment of Heavy metals

4.5.1 Estimated Daily Intake

4.5.2 Target Hazard Quotient of Heavy Metals in the Plants

4.5.3 Cancer Risk of Heavy Metals in the Plants

Chapter 5 Conclusions and Prospects

References

Appendix

Acknowledgement

Student Profile

Dedication

Student Profile and Publications