保险相关法律知识64页

2024-06-27

保险相关法律知识64页（精选5篇）

篇1：保险相关法律知识64页

分红保险基础知识什么是分红保险?分红保险是指保险公司将其实际成果优于定价假设的盈余，按照一定比例向保单持有人进行分配的人寿保险新产品。分红保险的红利从哪里来？分红保险的红利来源于利差益、死差益和费差益所产生的可分配赢余。A、利差益：是指保险公司实际的投资收益率高于预计投资收益率时所产生的赢余。B、死差益：是指保险公司该险种被保险人的实际死亡人数小于预定死亡人数时产生的赢余。C、费差益：是指保险公司实际的经营费用低于预计的经营费用时产生所产生的赢余。红利如何分配给客户？现金红利累积生息抵交保费购买交清增额保险分红系列产品目录国寿鸿运少儿两全保险（分红型）国寿鸿寿年金保险（分红型）国寿千禧理财两全保险（分红型）国寿鸿福相伴两全保险（分红型）

一、国寿鸿运少儿两全保险（分红型）

一、国寿鸿运少儿两全保险（分红型）保险费率示例每10000 元保险金额固定收益图国寿鸿运少儿两全保险（分红型）红利演示：0 岁投保，保额10 万元。周年红利演示曲线历年实交保费演示曲线

二、国寿鸿寿年金保险（分红型）

二、国寿鸿寿年金保险（分红型）费率示例（单位：元）

二、国寿鸿寿年金保险（分红型）红利演示（续）

三、国寿千禧理财两全保险（分红型）千禧理财两全保险红利演示

四、鸿福相伴两全保险（分红型）国寿鸿福相伴两全保险（分红型）特色：交费方式，独具特色，三年一次，轻轻松松；点滴投入，涌泉回报；年年分红，源源不断；高残身故，高额给付；古稀之年，重金贺岁。你愿意吗？――三年领钱变为年年领钱！你愿意吗？――一张保单变为二份保障，一万保额变为数万保额！而无需花钱！你同意吗？――咖啡加了伴侣味道会更好！我们愿意――与我们的老客户共同成长鸿福相伴国寿鸿福相伴两全保险（分红型）话术：――钱先生，恭喜您！又快到您领取生存金的时候了，我特地前来告诉您有关领取事宜。（第一种方法）――钱先生，您好！今天我是特地来为您做保单体检工作的。（第二种方法）?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ――钱先生，您是否希望以往“每三年领一次钱”变为现在“年年领钱”，并且逐年递增，越领越多，而且无需您一分钱的投入？――最近我公司为回馈象您这样的老客户，特别量身定做，推出了鸿福相伴分红保险，与您原有的99 鸿福保险相伴，必将使您的保险规划锦上添花。国寿鸿祥两全保险（分红型）话术：――钱先生，您可以设想一下：以后每年在您结婚纪念日这天，夕阳微醉，彩霞满天，您与太太手挽着手，漫步在曲径幽长的小路上，相依相伴，情深意绵。与此同时，您也可以送给太太一份别致的礼物，带给她一份额外的惊喜。鸿祥分红保险就能带来这份额外的惊喜，并且能够见证你们多年以来同甘共苦、相濡以沫的情感历程，成为一份永久的爱的纪念。钱先生，您的大喜之日即将到来，就给您的爱情做个精彩的注脚吧！销售要点媒体先锋图表说明险种选择险种组合买分红保险好比造房子，现在你养房子，将来房子养你，你造房子一阵子，房子养你一辈子。* * 分红产品销售策略ChinaLife中国人寿江都公司育成训练为什么要买分红保险? 投资理财工具储蓄股票国债分红保险算例：被保险人：娃哈哈，6个月（0周岁）保险金额：10 万元，保险期间：25 年交费期：15 年，年交保费：8470 元。简算：累计交纳保费：8470×15=127050 元固定收益：5万+5 万+5 万=15 万元预期红利：67562 元，总计：217562 元。（趸交108790 元，总计：251380 元）ChinaLife 收益年龄18 岁22 岁25 岁5万5 万5 万说明：假设投资回报率6%，累积利率2.5% ChinaLife 年龄0岁15182225 3839 注：上述周年红利按投资回报率6% 计算。1322 红利（元）2516 年龄0岁15182225 8470 注：上述周年红利按投资回报率6% 计算。4853 保费应交保费实交保费

一、国寿鸿寿年金保险利益保证被保险人自55、60 岁开始每年按保险金额的5% 直至79 周岁；被保险人于80 周岁一次性领二倍保险金额。ChinaLife 险种特点算例：被保险人：钱多多，30 周岁，10 年交费期，保险金额：10 万元，60 岁开始领取，年交保费：13100 元。简算：累计交纳保费：13.1 万元固定收益：5000 元*20+20 万元=30 万元预期红利：16.3259 万元，总计：46.3259 万元。ChinaLife 说明：假设投资回报率6%，累积利率2.5% 总投入（13.1 万）投资、固定收益、分红收益演示对照图固定年领收益（10 万）固定一次性领取收益（20 万）红利（16.3259 万元）30 岁4060 79（80）

一、国寿千禧理财两全保险利益保证每三年按基本保险金额的5% 定期给付，直至终身；保险金额在交费期内每年递增5%，递增后的保险金额是最终给付金额。ChinaLife 险种特点算例：金疙瘩，10 岁，投资千禧理财两全保险，一次性投入96200 元，每三年可领取固定返还金5000 元整，直至终身；假定生存至85 岁，共领取125000 元，另加100000 元保险金。在此期间假定投资回报率为6%，每年红利约2600 元左右，若红利按年利率2.5% 累积，则到85 岁时累积红利总额可达549721 元。

累计总收益为774721 元。549721 2785 5000 100000 75 345902 2740 5000 100000 60 205879 2675 5000 100000 45 110019 2610 5000 100000 30 44585 2555 5000 100000 15 15810 2529 5000 100000 6 2424 2424 5000 100000 1 累积红利周年红利生存领取身故保障保单注：假定投资回报率为6%，红利累积利率为

2.5%。总投入每三年返累计总额终身保险金10 万投入、产出对照图96200 元125000 元红利累计549721 元国寿鸿福相伴两全保险（分红型）国寿鸿福相伴两全保险（分红型）*Sheet3

Sheet2

Sheet1

国寿鸿运少儿两全保险（分红型）费率表货币单位：人民币元投保年龄趸交年交说明：月交保险费=年交保险费×0.09

（每10000保险金额）.00

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篇2：保险相关法律知识64页

———————有志者事竟成破釜沉舟百二秦关终属楚

天不负有心人卧薪尝胆三千里越甲可吞吴

各种类型的文章写作

• 演讲与致辞

• 证书

• 证明

• 合同与协议

• 产品说明书

• 天气预报

• 食谱

• 广告

• 贺卡

• 日记

• 启事

• 自我介绍

• 海报

• 通知

• 简历--举例

• 简历--概述

• 摘要--常见句型

• 摘要--概述

• 备忘录--举例

• 备忘录--概述

• 便笺(便条)和短信--分类举例--回复友人问侯

• 便笺(便条)和短信--分类举例--借物

• 便笺(便条)和短信--分类举例--道歉

• 便笺(便条)和短信--分类举例--约请

• 便笺(便条)和短信--分类举例--请假

• 便笺(便条)和短信--概述

• 私人和公务信函--分类举例--祝福信

• 私人和公务信函--分类举例--请求信

• 私人和公务信函--分类举例--求学信

• 私人和公务信函--分类举例--感谢信

• 私人和公务信函--分类举例--邀请信

• 私人和公务信函--分类举例--求助信

• 私人和公务信函--分类举例--推荐信

• 私人和公务信函--分类举例--应聘信

• 私人和公务信函--分类举例--私人介绍信

• 私人和公务信函--常用句式

• 私人和公务信函--概述

演讲与致辞

一篇好的演讲稿，通常要有很精彩的演讲词，以及很好的文体特征和篇章结构，同时还得考虑所演讲的对象。

如何拟定演讲稿（How to Make a Speech Draft）

真正写好一篇演讲稿，拟稿人首先得了解演讲词的文体特征以及演讲词的篇章结构，此外，还得考虑所演讲的对象。这就是所谓“知己知彼，百战百胜”。

演讲词的文体特征（Stylistic Features of a Speech）

因此，在准备演讲稿时，应力求语言通俗易懂，诙谐幽默，生动形象，层次清晰，逻辑性强，句子精悍有力，文字朗朗上口，语言节奏感强。

1）放在前面多采用简单句。

2）语言多口语化。

3）多用排比句式。

4）重复修辞格多。

5）多采用祈使句。

6）多运用设问句。

在现代社会交际活动中，致辞的使用十分频繁。

一般地，根据场合不同，致辞大体可分为正式和非正式两种。正式场合致辞通常多用于官方性质的会议、仪式等场合，这类致辞要求结构严谨，语言规范。相反个人或民间举行的一些非正式的仪式，语言则可以随和、轻松一些。

致辞文体结构（Structure of a Speech）

一篇完整的致辞，一般由引言、正文和结论三大部分组成。

引言（Introduction）

在致辞引言中，演讲者应着重指明演讲主题的重要性以及重要意义以引起听众的注意及共鸣。

正文（Body）

正文部分是致辞的核心内容，因此应该突出主题，做到观点明确，层次清晰，以达到致辞的真正目的。

结论（Conclusion）

结论部分是对致辞的主体内容做出结论性的总结，并且应对相关问题提出希望。因此，写作时宜使用一些具有激励性、鼓舞性的语言。按照致辞的场合以及用途，常见的致辞种类可分为：欢迎词、答谢词、欢送词、告别词、开幕词、闭幕词、贺词、祝酒词、悼词等

证书

证书所采用的也是一种应用文体形式，一般内容不长，语言精炼，用词严谨、准确。

与证明不同的地方在于，有的证书没有标题，但必须注明证书的号码。

常用的证书有：毕业证书、学位证书、结婚证书、退休证书、职称证书等。

证明

证明通常是由个人所在单位或学校出具的证明个人身份、学历、经历或者某些事实真相的一种文书，具有一定的法律效力。在日常生活中，因为工作或交往的需要，出具证明是常有的事情。与证明相比，证书则是由学校、团体或机关颁发的能够证明资格或权力等问题的文件，例如考试等级证书、获奖证书、荣誉证书等等。无论是出具证明还是颁发证书，都必须坚持实事求是的原则，切忌弄虚作假。

证明的基本格式（The Style of Certificates）

英文证明的书写格式比较简单。但语言要求简洁、严谨，格式要规范，并且反映事实情况。通常证明上无需收信人姓名、地址，也无需结束敬语。证明一般由标题、正文、署名3部分组成。

合同与协议

合同或协议一般由三部分组成，即：标题、正文和署名。

标题（Title）

合同或协议的标题需要标明合同的性质，点明主旨，说明这是一个什么合同。在商务合同中，还宜在标题下面标明合同号码。

合同与协议正文（Body of the Text）

合同或协议的正文通常应包括开端、具体条款和结尾。

合同或协议的开端首先要写明签订合同或协议的双方名称、地址，同时简要说明签订合同或协议的目的。通常为了便于合同或协议在文中的引用，在双方名称后分别注明“以下简称为或称为买（卖）方或甲（乙）方”英语中称为“hereinafter referred to as...”或“hereinafter called...”。

产品说明书

产品说明书，又称为“产品使用手册（Operating Manual）”，是生产厂商为销售及进一步宣传和说明其产品而附在产品包装内部或外部的一种宣传资料，主要用来说明产品的结构、功能、性状等各方面特征，并告诉客户如何正确使用所购物品，使顾客对产品有深一层的了解，以免因使用不当而造成不良后果，同时对今后产品的日常保养有一定的提示作用。产品说明书在英语中通常有三种不同的说法，即，Instruction, Direction, Description。

一份成功有效的说明书，不仅可以迅速激起人们的购买欲望，而且可以起到良好的宣传广告作用。

英语产品说明书一般由标题（包括副标题）和正文两大部分组成。有的说明书在最后还附注厂商的名称。

天气预报

天气预报是日常生活中每天都会有的我们经常能够从电视、广播等媒介中了解到它的相关信息。天气预报的内容一般有两大主体，包括对近期的天气情况分析和主要城市的天气情况介绍及气温预报。

天气情况分析（Weather Analysis）

天气情况分析是指在预报某一地区的主要城市天气情况和气温报告前，对某一地区所作的总体天气情况分析，例如气压、气流、云团的变化等等。一般是一个大范围的预测，时间可以预计到两三天甚至一周之内。

主要城市天气预报（Weather Forecast for Major Cities）

城市天气预报是对某地区的主要城市所作的天气情况（如晴、阴、雨、雪、多云、风力、风向等）的预报和气温报告，如今在很多大城市的天气预报中，还加入了空气污染指数，人体舒适度指数，穿衣出行指数等相关信息，使天气预报更人性化

食谱

食谱是指介绍菜肴的原料、制作及烹饪的工序与方法的小短文，一般在家庭中的应用比较广泛，食谱的内容一般包括菜肴名称、用料、烹饪工序以及食法等。食谱与菜谱（menu）不同，菜谱是指饭店、餐馆使用的印有菜名和菜价的目录单，供客人查询，而食谱主要是教会人们如何亲自动手制作出一道美味可口的菜，从而满足并丰富人们的生活

广告是人们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分，一则好的广告应该做到形式上新颖独特，以达到成上引起读者或听者注意的目的。

英语广告的结构（The Structure of English Advertising）

一则完善的书面广告应由以下五部分组成：

1）标题（headline），有的有副标题（subheadline）；

2）正文（body text）；

3）口号（slogan）；

4）商标（trademark）；

5）插图（illustration）。

以上五部分中，前三部分为语言文字（verbal）部分，是广告的主体部分；后两部分为非语言文字（nonverbal）部分，是广告的辅助性部分。

广告创意的基本原则（AIDMA Principle of Advertising）

一则好的英语广告，要求能够做到引起读者注意、激起读者兴趣、唤起读者欲望、让读者过目不忘、使读者采取行动。

广告语言的特征（Features of Advertising Language）

一般说来，广告语言都比较简明、形象、生动而口语化。因为它不仅要充分地宣传、介绍该广告的内容，又要想方设法地节省篇幅和时间。总之，广告的目的在于宣传，广告制作人应在撰写广告时作认真选择，反复推敲

贺卡

在现代社会交际当中，贺卡扮演着越来越重要的角色。每当节日、生日、庆典等喜庆日子以及各种周年纪念日快来时，亲朋好友之间寄上一张精美的贺卡，致以良好的祝愿，以示庆贺。这样既有利于感情沟通，又能起到加深友谊的作用。贺卡可以购置，也可自己制作。贺卡的书写格式为：上端写上： To Mr.(Mrs., Professor, Miss, Director, Dean, President, etc.)××，其中的“To” 也可省去；下端写成：From ××，其中的“From” 同样的可以省略。正文写上： Wishing You A Happy New Year(A Merry Christmas, Happy Birthday, etc.)，其中的“Wishing you”可以省略不写，也可代之以“With Best Wishes for”。

其中：“A Happy New Year”中的“A”也可省略。

例1：

To Mr.and Mrs.Brown

With Best Wishes for

A Merry Christmas

From Ronald Frye

日记

日记是对每天所发生的和所做的事情的记录，有的日记则兼记对这些事情的感受。日记一般可分为两种类型，即伤痛事型日记和抒情型日记。

My love is the human race—not, of course, the corrupt, servile, idle race that we too ofte

n meet.I love the great, fine possibilities, even in a corrupt people.I love the race of the centurise to come...We live in a time when everything is working toward amelioration.These seeds of enlightenment, these silent wishes and strivings toward the education of the race,...will yield glorious fruit.This is the sacred goal of my wishes and my activity—to plant the seeds which will ripen in another generation.启事

启事

启事是一种公告性的应用文。机关、团体或个人若有事情要向群众公开说明，或者对群众有什么要求，都可以把要说的意思简要地写成启事，张贴于布告栏等公共场所。特别重要的或涉及面较广的，往往还要登报。

启事的种类繁多，日常生活中常用的有：遗失启事、招领启事、征稿启事等等。

例1

Directions: Suppose you carelessly lost a Longman Modern English Dictionary in the reading room.Please write a notice of about 100 words, titled Lost.Lost

Aug.18,2004

I was so careless that I lost a copy of “Longman Modern English Dictionary” when studying in the reading room around 3 o’clock pm.yesterday.You can find my name “Euphemia” on the cover.The dictionary is a dear gift of my best friend who is working overseas.If you are the kind finder, could you do me a favor to send it to the office of the Foreign Languages Department or ring me up to fetch it back.I’ll be very grateful for your kindness.Loser，Euphemia

Address: Room 1010, 40#

Tel.No: 68602145

*寻物启事要包括对失物的具体描述，遗失地点，失主的联系方式，并要表示对归物者的感谢。

例2

Directions: Wong Yuksing is looking for his missing fatherinlaw.Please write a notice, with the following items included

1)the information of the missing man

2)the reason

3)the contact way

You should write no less than 100 words.MISSING

My fatherinlaw, Mr Liu Guashing,born in Wuhan, Hubei Province and aged 46, has been missing for years.He is the fifth graduates of St.Johns University.30 years ago he was living on 5/F, 3 Wuhan Street, Kowloon and working for St.Matthew’s Hospital as a dentist.But since then there has not been any information about his whereabouts.As my wife has been badly ill, I would appreciate any information on him from anyone reading this notice to meet her last wish in the world.Please contact the person below on 27176800.I shall always remember with gratitude the help you would offer us.Wong Yuksing

* 此为寻人启示，要写明所寻失踪者的信息，以及走失时间与原因，语言要求朴实、真诚，给读者以同情之感。

自我介绍

在社交场合以及日常生活中，自我介绍都是少不了的。例如：与生人相见，老师给新生上课前，领导到新单位就职等都需要作一番自我介绍，然而如何做好自我介绍却并非易事。

一般情况下，自我介绍的内容和形式应取决于所在场所的气氛和对象。自我介绍通常分为两类，即非正式场合自我介绍和正式场合自我介绍。当然，自我介绍大多指的是在非正式场合，因为正式场合会有人专门作介绍的。

自我介绍的语言要求诚恳、谦逊，切忌夸大其词、目中无人。其内容长短应适中，少则五六句多则一二十句即可。

海报

海报是人们日常生活中极为常见的一种招贴形式，多用于电影、戏曲、比赛、文艺演出等活动。海报中通常要写清楚活动的性质，活动的主办单位、时间、地点等内容。海报的语言要求简明扼要，形式要做到机关报颖美观。

海报的格式，通常有三部分组成，即标题、正文与落款。

海报的标题对于海报的宣传极为重要。因此标题的撰写昼做到简洁明快，新颖醒目，抓住读者的注意力，海报的标题形式通常有两种：一是直接使用“海报”（Poster）一词；另一种则是根据海报的内容，撰写标题。

海报正文是海报的核心部分，它是对海报标题的具体描述。语言要求形象生动，简明扼要。做到既有鼓动性，又不夸大其辞。正文的常见表现形式有：简介说明式，文学描述式，美术设计式。

例1

Directions:You are preparing for a friendly Basketball Match.Write a poster which asks for:

1)the right form of a standard poster

2)write the place and time clearly

You should write about 100 words.POSTER

Friendly Basketball Game

There is going to be a friendly and wonderful basketball match between Beijing Forestry University Basketball Team and ours under the auspices of the Recreational and Physical Culture Department of the students’ union of the college.It has been decided that this basketball match will be held at the students’ activity center which could contain at least 200 people on Saturday, Aug.23rd, 2004, at 5:00 p.m.It is expected that the competition between the two teams will be keen and severe.All of you are cordially welcome to present the match.The Recreational and Physical

Culture Department of the Students’

Union of the college.Thursday.Aug.21st.2004

*.“由……举办”可以用词组“under the auspices of…”，另外，注意中英文通知中落款时间书写位置的差别，中文一般写在右下角，英文写在左下角。

例2

Directions:You are going to write an notice for an English-speaking contest.1)the right form of a standard notice

2)tell the purpose and content of this contest clearly

You should write no less than 100 words

English-Speaking Contest

In order to carry out some after-class oral English practice activities and improve the students’ ability of speaking English, the Students’ Union of the English department has decided to hold a departmentwide Englishspeaking contest at the students’ activity center on Saturday next week, i.e Aug.23rd.2004.Everyone who is willing to join in may tell your name and your topic of the speech to your monitor.We will invite five English teachers to work as judges.The first six winners will get the awards as an encouragement.Warmly wish everyone to attend and your presence will certainly encourage and cheer the contestants.The Students’ Union of

English Department

*课外活动在英语里可表达为after-class activities.“in order to…”是表达“为了……”的一种常用句型。另外，书写通知的语言应注意做到言简意赅。

例3

Directions: You are preparing for a poster to introduce a great place of interest—Gold Coast of Australia.Please write it in about 100 words.WELCOME to GOLD COAST of AUSTRALIA

The Gold Coast is the undisputed tourist capital of Australia.Each year about three million people visit the holiday city that rivals the most famous world resorts.And we can almost promise sunshine, three hundred sun drenched days a year.A yearly average of 25 degrees Velsius and a winter average of 21 degrees Celsius are nature’s guarantee for a fabulous holiday.There is nothing we cannot do on the Gold Coast.World class attractions include Sea World, Dream world, Wildlife Sanctuary, and the surfing beaches.HOTLINE:(075)921 655

MOBLIE:(018)754211

FAX:(075)921472

*这是一张澳大利亚“黄金海岸”张贴的公告，供大家参考使用。请着重注意一下有关联系方式的书写格式。

通知

通知是上级对下级、团体对个人部署工作、传达事情或召开会议时所用的一种文体。同级单位有事情要进行讨论或协商，也可以互发通知。通知分两种：一种是以布告形式，把事情通知有关人员；另一种是以书信形式，把相关事情传达给有关人员。一般说来，通知正文上面正中的地方往往有 Notice 或 NOTICE 一词作为题目，正文的下面是发出通知的单位名称。有时，发出通知单位的名称也可写在正文之前。发出通知的日期一般写在左下角；发出通知的人或单位的名称，可以写在右下角。这两项有时也可以省略。发出通知的单位和通知对象一般都用第三人称，但若正文前用了称呼语，则应用第二人称表示被通知的对象。

例1

Directions:If you are the organizer of a tour and you should give a notice to tell the tourists something about it.It should include:

1)Where is the destination of the tour.2)What should the tourists pay attention to.You should write no less than 100 words.NOTICE TO TOURISTS

According to the schedule, the touring party will visit the Summer Palace and Tian Anmen Square today.You can leave your baggage in the Left Baggage Office and pick it up later this afternoon if it is too heavy to carry with you.The receipt of the baggage should be kept carefully because you will need it.We will come to the Summer Palace first and finish the tour at 2 pm.Then we are going to the destination of Tian Anmen Square without parking.So please don’t get off the sightseeing bus during the journey until the driver says that it is time for food and drinks or toilets.Please be on time!

* 这是一张旅行团张贴的布告，告知游客当天的活动以及注意事项。“行李寄存处”叫Left Baggage Office,这是美国英语。英国人管行李叫luggage，与此相对的,行李寄存处便是Left Luggage Office。领取行李，美语to claim baggage,英国人说to reclaim luggage。旅游车是sightseeing bus或coach.例2

Directions:There are something important to tell the passengers of the plane.Write notice about:

1)Reconfirmation the reservation

2)What’s the validity of a normal fare ticket.3)About the refund.You should write about 100 words

Important Notice

RECONFIRMATION If you break your journey for more than 35 hours at any point and hold a continuing or return reservation, please reconfirm your intention of using the reservation.VALIDITY A normal fare ticket is valid for one and a half years from the date of issue if none of any portion of it has been used, or from the date of commencement if the carriage is commenced.When in doubt, please check with the carrier’s office concerned.REFUND The refund should be made not later than 19 days after expiry date of the ticket and only refunded in the same country.*以上是乘坐飞机的注意事项，包括来回票机座的确认问题（reconfirmation）、机票的有效期问题（validity）以及退票事项（refund）。在飞行前应着重注意这些琐碎的问题。

例3

Directions:You are a member of the students’ union You want to hold a lecture.Write a notice to the students to inform:

1)the topic and mainly contents of the lecture

2)time and place.3)the professor who will give the lecture.You should write about 100 words

NOTICE

Jontly sponsored by the Students’ Union and the Youth League Committee, a professional lecture naming “How the Tariffs changed after China entered into WTO”will be given by Professor Wang Yanqiong.This lecture is mainly about how the import and export polices affect the development of economy, especially the tariffs.Some experts on WTO problems will be present too.They are going to have a discussion during the meeting.The lecture will be held in the terraced classroom No.5 of the building on Friday, October 1,2004 at 2:30 p.m.Welcome all the intelligent students to join in the lecture.Please be punctual.Jointly sponsors:The Student’s union and The Youth League Committee

*在表示联合发起时，用Jointly sponsors加合作单位名称

例4

Directions:You are a secretary of the Dean’s Office.Professor Wang Ting is absent for health reasons.Write a bulletin to tell the students.A few of details should be clear:

1)why professor Wang Ting can’t come to work.2)who will substitute for her

3)how long the situation will be kept

It should be no less than 100 words.BULLETIN

Professor Wang Ting, English teacher of Grade Three, is temporarily prevented from coming to class for health reasons.Professor Xu Zhiyuan will substitute for her to instruct Listening English for two weeks.The first week, a movie will be given to practise the listening English, and the second week, there will be a class discussion.Professor Li Chaoshan will substitute for her to instruct Conversational English for three weeks.The last week is for the final examination.The topic of this week will be “The Society and The Humanrights”.You should collect some materials and prepare enough before the class.Please tell each other about the message and go to the class on time.Dean’s Office

*“代课”用substitute表示。substitute可用做名词，例如his or her substitute。Substitute也可用做动词，有两种表示法：to substitute B with A 或to substitute A for B.“上课”，大学里一般用instruct。

例5

Directions:The Residents’Committee needs to hold a meeting to discuss the security in the residential area.write a notice to tell the residents that:

1)why the meeting is necessary.2)The time and place of this security meeting

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2

NOTICE

It is reported by several inhabitants from this residential area that some strangers with dirty clothes(one of them has a scar on the face)have lately haunted this area.Some stealings have happened from time to time.So the Residents’Commitee decided to hold a meeting to talk about the problems concerning security in our residential area.The meeting will be held in Room 202 of Building No.4, the time is from 2 to 4 p.m.of May 12, 20

04.It is very important that at least one member of each household is requested to attend.Please be punctual and don’t forget to take the notebooks with you.The Residents’ Committee

*“居民区”用residential area或residential quarters来表示，“居委会”有两种译法，一是the Residents’Committee,另一个是the Neighborhood Committee,两者皆可。

例6

Directions:You are the leader of the new Public Security Team, you should tell the residents about the security situation of the residential area.The details including:

1)the purpose of this new Public Security Team.2)How to contact with the team.You should write about 100 words

BULLETIN.Recently, there have been several burglaries in our residential quarters.A few of muggings have been reported by the inhabitants too.A public security team has been set up in order to maintain the order and security of this residential area.Everyone and each household are expected to be on guard.If you see some strangers haunting around this residential area at any time, please be very cautious and careful.Should there be any emergency or you may be in trouble, please call 64941101 or you can go to Room.1101.of Building No.9.to ask for help.Thank you for cooperating with the team.Public Security Team.*城市尤其是大城市人员流动频繁，犯罪率比较高，“撬门”是burglary,“偷盗”是theft,“拦路抢劫”是mugging,“掏包”是pickpocket,警卫或保安人员，是security guards.Should there be any emergency,是一种虚拟证据，有“万一”的含义。例如Should you be in trouble, please call 110.例7

Directions:You are a guard of the Guardroom Residential Area.You want to notice something to the inhabitants of this area.The followings should be clear:

1)What’s the purpose of this notice?

2)What should the inhabitants do if the situation mentioned happens?

You should write about 100 words

NOTICE

It is reported from the inhabitants and residents in our residential area that a few persons came to house holds to sell gas from time to time.They pretended to be the workers of the Gas Company and entered into the inhabitants’ home on the pretext of examination of the gasline.This kind of situations have happened several times.This activity is illegitimate and should be forbidden.The Gas Company didn’t send anyone to check the gas or gasline lately.Should such people come again, please immediately contact the security guards.We will come over and interfere.The emergency number is 64492889.You can call at any time you need.Guardroom.Plesidential Area

*小区居民，是residents 或inhabitants。to pretend冒充,on the pretext of。

例8

Directions:Suppose you are one of the organizers of English evening.Write a notice about it, which should include sponsor ,time, place and the program.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2

NOTICE

The afterclass Activities Group takes pleasure in announcing that under the auspices of the students’ union of English Department, annual English evening is to be held in the students’ activity center on Saturday, Aug, 23rd, at 7:00 p.m.The program includes songs, dances, recitations, storytelling, skits and plays which are played all by students.Admission tickets may be obtained on application to the afterclass Activites Group, Room 205, Office Building for free.It must be a good time to enjoy and relax yourselves.All are cordially welcome to give your encouragement to the players and cheer them.*take pleasure in doing sth.很高兴做某事，under the auspices(复数)of …由…举办，of后跟主办、赞助的人或单位。

例9

Directions: You are a resident in Hong Kong and need a larger flat.Write a bulletin including following details:

1)your reason for the larger flat.2)your contact information

You should write no less than 100 words.Dear Sir/Madam，I am a permanent resident in Hong Kong and my present residence is Rm 206 Block 8, Kai Man Estate.I have been living with my mother, wife, younger brother and my two children in the above flat.Not long ago, my brother died in an traffic accident.Because of this, his wife and his two children were allowed to come to Hong Kong from Mainland China to live with us.The change from a 6-member family to a 8-member one has created a very crowdy living environment.I therefore would like to apply for a move to a larger flat in accordance with the housing regulations concerned.Below are my personal particulars for your reference:

ID Card No.: A 306955(1)

Contact Telephone No.: 3568496

Correspondence Address:

Rm 206, Block 8, Kai Man Estate, N.T.Your consideration over this case will be highly appreciated.Yours faithfully，［signature］

* permanent resident 长久公民，in accordance with符合，Correspondence Address通讯地址。

简历--举例

例1

Directions:You are applying for admission to qraduate law program and in need of a resume please write it to describe

1)your education background,qualifications and honors

2)experience

3)personal information

You should write about 100 words

RESUME

LI MING

203 APT 32 ALLEY 1324 NANJING RD(E)

SHANGHAI 20020, PRC

E-MAIL ADDRESS:Liming@sohu.com

OBJECTIVE:Seeking admission to graduate program of law

EDUCATION:Fudan University1999-present

Major in law

Shanghai No.1 High School1996-1999

QUALIFICATIONS:University graduation certificate and bachelor

degree to be conferred upon graduation(2003)

CET6 College English Test level 6 0ct.2002

HONORS:First prize winner of Department speech contest Oct.2002

University scholarship for Excellent studeuts(2001,2002)

EXPERIENCE:President of Students’Union

2001-present

Editor of University Journal2000-2001

SPECIAL SKILLS:Good at public speech and debate

Proficient in English（fluent speaking and writing）

Expertise on commercial law

Good command of Word & Excel software

PERSONAL DATA:Date of Birth:8/21/1980

Sex:male

Marital Status:unmarried

Health:good

REFERENCES:Zhuang zhong

Dean of law dept

Fudan University

Law professor

*这份简历是仿照美式的，第一个项目就是“求职意向”(objective),开门见山，一目了然。请注意“学历”（Education）和“工作经历”（Experience）,英文必须先写近的，后写远的，与中文恰好相反。西方强调个人特长，所以简历中最好提一下自己的特长（special skills）简历末尾给出推荐人证明你的英文和专业水平。推荐人应有一定的身份。

例2

Directions:You are applying for a job.please writing a resume to HR to describe:

1)your objective

2)work experience

3)Educational Background

4)personal information

RESUME

204 APT 2 ALLEY 328 YONGJIA RE TEL：64308991

SHANGHAI 200020，PRCEMALL：kalunz@163.net

Career Objective:A position of management job potential in the banking department specializing in Foreign change

Work Experience:

July 2001 to×××Inc.Present Secretary to deputy manager of marketing

●draft business correspondence

●keep and update files

●Schedule deputy manager’s appointments

August 1999 to ×××Co., Ltd.June 2001Receptionist

●Telephone communication

●greeted clients

●manage correspondence

March 1998 to ×××Industrial Bank

May 1998 Intern

Educational Background:

Sept 1994 toShanghai×××University,Bachelor Degree in International Business Management

July 1998Major in International Business Management

●key courses including English, Japanese，Computer Operation, Business Management,Investment

International Commercial Law

Sept 1988 to Shanghai×××High School

July 1994

Personal Information:male, born in Shanghai, 11/12,1970, unmarried, healthy

References available upon request.* 这是一份中式求职简历。这种简历重点突出自己的工作经历（Work Experience）,同时对自己在每一项工作中的突出成绩进行详细描述，并用●标出，以引起对方注意，此简历较为详细地阐明了求职目标。

例3

Directions:You are hunting for a job.Please write a resume to describe your

1)job objective

2)education background

3)skills

Li Tao

P.O.Box 211,××University

6824××Road, Shanghai 200431

Tel:53688226 Email:Litao@sina.com.cn

Job Objective Seeking an office building architectural designer position in a small-to-middle sized architectural firm

×× University, shanghai

EducationB.S.in architecture, June 2002

Completed four-year course of architectural design.Counses included Urban Design，Architectural Planning, Structural Engineering，Interior Decoration, Office Facilities Management，Computer-aided

Architectural Design

Special Skills▲Familiar with MS Words, MS Excel，AutoCAD

▲Good command of building codes and standards knowledge

▲independent work ability

▲Proficient in English,(TOEFL 632, January 2001)

Summer Work job construction projects of ××

Company for the past three summers

Other InterestsSketching,painting, photography, developing films in

and hobbies references avail able upon request

*这是一份毕业生求职简历。它着重突出了自己已学课程（courses）和个人的技能（special skills）文中B.S.in architecture,是建筑学士学位缩写。值得指出的是对在校生来说，平时的实习工作经历能为你的简历增分不少。因此该学生也介绍了与所求职位有着相似工作要求的summer work.例4

Directions: You want to apply for a position as a manager of sale department.Write a simple resume to describe your working experience.It should be around 100 words.RESUME

Tony Brown

Center Street

Centerville, La.Telephone:(819)988-6163

Working Experience

2000 to present Western Regional Sales Manager

ABC Electronic Corp.Center, La.Supervised sales force of 35 men selling computer

and MP3 components.Responsible for train

ing, the establishment and fulfillment of sales

goals.During this period, region’s sales rose

an average of 40% anually, compared to

previous rise to 28%.Presently employed by

the firm, but famile ownership prevents rising

any higher in the foreseeable future

* 个人简历不要太繁琐，一般一张纸就够了，本范例着重介绍了自己的工作经历以及取得的成就。如果是应届毕业生的简历，就会相对简单一些，由于没有什么工作经历，因此强调一下自己的已学课程就可以了。不同的简历侧重点不同，要区别对待。

简历--概述

现代社会，人们在实现自我推销时，外语能力成了一项不容忽视的条件。因而，一份简洁，明了、富有说服力的英文简历会帮助你实现自我推销的目的。

在英语中，简历一般采用Resume 或 Curriculum Vitea 一词，偶尔也有Data Sheet或Vita，Vitae 的用法。

简历是就业时不可缺少的材料。它不是对自己的经历以及经验的一一列举，而是列出主要的且密切相关的材料。例如：经验、业绩、能力、性格等等，然后将这些相关信息用简洁有力的文字表达出来。写简历时，应身临其境地设想是推销员，并把自己当作产品推销。简历是人们寻求职业的重要手段，也是争取就业机会的第一关，因此，它必须写得出色，以便吸引雇主。通常一份成功的简历要遵循下列准则：

1）展现自己的优势和特长；

2）提供能吸引雇主的信息；

3）曾经取得过的成绩；

4）附上具有说服力的证明材料、证明人和推荐信。

5）格式美观，长度适中；

6）用词妥贴，语言简洁而不失重点。

摘要--常见句型

常见的摘要句型有：

1）This paper deals with...2）This article focuses on the topics of(that,having,etc)...3）This eassy presents knowledge that...4）This thesis discusses...5）This thesis analyzes...6）This paper provides an overview of...7)This paper elaborates on...8）This article gives an overview of...9）This article compares...and summarizes key findings.10）This paper includes discussions concerning...11)This paper presents uptodate information on...12)This article covers the role of chemicals in...13)This paper addresses important topics including...14)This paper touches upon...15)This paper strongly emphasizes...16)This eassy represents the preceedings of...17)This article not only describes...but also suggests...18)This paper considers...19)This paper provides a method of...20)This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze...21)This paper offers the latest information regarding...22)This paper is devoted to examining the role of...23)This article explores...24)This paper expresses views on...25)This paper reflects the state of the art in...26)This paper explains the procedures for...27)This paper develops the theory of...28)This article reviews the techniques used in...29)This paper investigates the techniques and procedures to...30)This article is about...31)This eassy is related to...32)This paper concerns...33)This paper gives an account of...34)This article tells of...35)This paper tries to describe...36)This paper provides an analysis of...37)This paper reports the latest information on...38)The author of this article reviews...39)The writer of this paper discusses...40)The writer of this eassy tries to explore...41)The aim of this paper is to determine...42)The purpose of this article is to review...43)The objective of this paper is to explore...摘要--概述

摘要--概述

文章摘要是对所写文章主要内容的精炼概括。美国人称摘要为“Abstract”,而英国人则喜欢称其为“Summary”。

通常国际刊物要求所要刊登的文章字数，包括摘要部分不超过1万字。而对文章摘要部分的字数要求则更少。因此，写摘要时，应用最为简练的语言来表达论文之精华。论文摘要的重点应放在所研究的成果和结论上。

国际会议要求的论文摘要的字数不等，一般为200字-500字。而国际刊物要求所刊登的论文摘要的字数通常是100字-200字。摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，内容上涵盖全文，并直接点明全旨。语言上要求尽量简炼。摘要通常多采用第三人称撰写。

科学书籍、论文和学术报告一般都附有内容摘要，这样可以节省读者的时间，使他们不必读完整个文章就能够了解它的主要内容。书籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三；论文和学术报告的摘要，一般放在正文前面。摘要应做到简明扼要，切题，能独立成文，使读者能准确地了解书籍的要义。写摘要时，最好用第三人称的完整的陈述句，文长一般不超过200个词。

摘要分陈述性的（Descriptive）和资料性的（Informational）两类。陈述性摘要只陈述书籍或文章的主题，不介绍内容。资料性的摘要除了介绍主题外，还应介绍文章的要点和各个要点的主要内容。

它可以包括三个组成部分

①点明主题，解析文章或书籍的目的或意图；

②介绍主要内容，使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌；

③提出结论或建议，以供读者参考。

备忘录--举例

例1

Directions: Write a memorandum of about 100 words to the student service department and ask them to fix a telephone for each dormitory.MEMO

August 16,2004

To:The leader of student service department

From: Li Ming

Subject:Telephone

Dear Sir，I would like to remind you that we are in want of a telephone for each dormitory.As a university student, we need to cope with the daily increasing communications with teachers, friends and people outside the campus.We need a telephone to get and send message, which is important for us.Though most of us have mobile phones and e-mail address, a telephone in the dormitory is after all the most convenient and cheapest tool of communication.I hope that you will pay attention to this problem and solve it as soon as possible.Regards.Yours，Li Ming

*“remind”一词用法比较多，可以在后面直接接人或宾格，如“提醒我”译为please remind me.如果提醒某人某事则用remind somebody of something，也可以在后面加从句，即“remind sb that”,remind还有一个意思为“使想起”同样用remind…of…的结构，应注意与提醒某事区分。

例2

Directions:You are supposed to write a Memorandom of about 100 words to the leader of the supply section to borrow one more microscope for your biological experiment.It should include:

1)Why you need the microscope.2)When you need it.MEMO

August 12,2004

To: Mr.Gates, leader of the supply section

From:Li Ming of the biological laboratory

Subject:Microscope

Dear Sir，I’m a student of biology department and we are badly in need of an extra microscope in order to improve our experimental work.Our experiment will start on Friday, so please issue a microscope to us as soon as possible so that we can prepare better for the experiment.With kind regards.Yours sincerely，Li Ming

*这是一封备忘录，在写备忘录的时侯，一定要注意它的格式，尤其要在开头写清楚是谁写给谁来备忘的，用From: To：两个单词即可。文中的“badly”是“非常的，迫切的”意思。短语“in order to”同下句的“so that”意思是一样的即：为了，目的是。不同的是前者后接动词原型而后者常跟目的状语从句，类似的短语还有“in order that”,用法与“so that”相同。

例3

Directions: If you are the teacher of the students’ Counseloris office: P: steelpes, and you have received a letter for requesting for paid education leave from a student.Write him a memo to reply him including details:

1)The result of his requirement.2)The reason for rejecting.3)some suggestions

You should write about 100 words.To: Records Section

From: P/ Steelpes, Career Planning

Subject: Request for Paid Education Leave

Date: May 22, 2004

In response to your request for one year of paid education leave to take a degree in English literature, I have to inform you that we cannot authorize this leave.While we appreciate your desire to improve your knowledge, we feel that English literature is not directly related to your present position and to the goals of this organization.I am aware of your great interest in literature, and I would like to point out that you cou

ld gain advantage to apply for leave without pay.If you need another information on the above, do not hesitate to keep touch with me at any time.P.Steels

* 首先要注意本篇备忘录的格式很标准。然后注意这个备忘录的个别词的用法，譬如：be aware of 注意到、当心的意思，point out 指出,request for 要求，in response to 反馈。

例4

Directions: You are a supervisor of a big company.The chief of operations wants to adopt the“punch-in”system to increase productivity.Write a memo to talk about this:

1)Does the “punch-in”system benefit the company?

2)If the company doesn’t adopt it, what else can we do to increase productivity.You should write about 100 words.To.David Green, Chief of Operations

From: Tony.Party , Supervisor

Subject: Comments on the “Punch-in” System

Date: March.22, 2004

This is further to your memo dated March.20, 2004, in which you proposed that employees adopt the “punch-in” system.I fully agree with you that we must increase productivity.As far as your proposal that if the “punch-in” system is adopted, we would have a tighter control over the employees is concerned.However, I don’t think so.I personally think that, to accomplish this, we should give the employees more incentives to work faster.I feel that if we(the supervisors)could meet with you , we could discuss different possiblilities to create such incentiveness.Your consideration of this suggestion would be appreciated.Tony Party

* 此篇是对一篇备忘录的回复。生产主管认为实行打孔考勤制度（“punch-in”system），有利于增加生产效率。但督察却不这样认为。他认为“should give the employees more incentives to work faster”。

例5

Directions: You are a manager of administration office naming Vera.M.Bradford.The board of directors have decided to anew the Fitness Center.Write a memo to tell all the employees that:

1)How long will this project be last for?

2)Welcome the employees to provide suggestions.You should write about 100 words.To: Every Employees

From: Brian Aponte

Date: November 18, 2004

Subject: Fitness Center

The board of directors approved the idea for anew Fitness Center at its meeting yesterday.Work on the Fitness Center will begin right now and should be completed within 90 days.An employee representative from each division will be appointed to determine the type of equipment and programs that will be made available.We are happy to be able to provide a facility that will contribute to the physical fitness of all our employees.Your representative on the task force will contact you soon for your suggestions about activities and equipment.Brian Aponte

Administration Office, Manager

* 这是一篇关于公司修建健身中心的备忘录。备忘录中说健身中心工作马上开始而且“completed within 90 days”。而且希望各部门代表与主办部门联系，征求关于活动和设备的意见。

备忘录--概述

备忘录是一种录以备忘的公文。在公文函件中，它的等级是比较低的，主要用来提醒、督促对方，或就某个问题提出自己的意见或看法。在业务上，它一般用来补充正式文件的不足。它的内容可以分为以下几项：

书端（Heading）;

收文人的姓名、头衔、地址（Addressee’s Name, Title, Address）；

称呼(Salutation)；

事因(Subject)；

正文（Body）；

结束语（Complimentary Close）；

署名（Signature）。

备忘录--注意事项

书端部分包括发文机关的名称、地址、发文日期，有的还包括电报挂号、电传号、电话号码等。许多机关有自己特制的信笺，在写书端时，其格式和标点符号的使用与一般信件的相同。收文人（或收文单位）的姓名、头衔、地址一项写在左上角编号处的下面，其格式与书信的写法相同。

称呼从左边顶格写起，对一般机关、团体的负责人一般用 Dear Sir，对政府官员可用 Sir。

“事因”一项目前采用得较少。它可放在称呼语之前，也可放在其后，前面可加 Re或Docket, Subject。如果此项写在称呼语之前，多从左边的顶格写起；若放在称呼语之后，一般写在信笺正中。它多采用不完整的句子，只需很少几个词，甚至一个词，目的在于使收文人对文中的主要内容一目了然，便于及时处理。

正文、结束语和署名等项与一般信件的格式相同。

便笺(便条)和短信--分类举例--回复友人问侯

(Reply for Regards)

例

Directions:You have just had a operation, and received a note of regards from your friend Jenny.Now please write a reply to her to tell her your current situation.You should write about 100 words.Jan.8th.Dear Jenny，Thanks for your letter of sympthy I received the day before yesterday.The operation on my leg was a wonderful success.You know I had been suffering a lot from my leg since my childhood.The operation removed the cause of trouble.It is quite worth having the operation.I am daily recovering from my illness.I’m confident I will soon be in the office again after proper treatment.Thank you for kind wishes.My best wishes to all your family

×××

*这是对好友问侯便条的回复。形式简单，内容明了。过去完成进行时“I had been suffering…my childhood”表示动作从过去一直持续到现在。

便笺(便条)和短信--分类举例--借物

(Borrowing)

例

Directions:You are going to write a note for borrowing sth.please deseribe these information clearly.1)the thing you ask

2)detailed what you are going to do with it.3)how long will you take it.Tuesday

Dear Xiao Wang:

I wonder if I could borrow your electronic dictionary for a few days.Now I am translating some important articles.There are many new words which I have to look up the dictionary usually.I just have a paper dictionary but of course it’s not as convenient as the electronic one, which has a bad effect upon my velocity of my translating.So I think your electonic dictionary is more suitable for me to complete my work.I promise that I must be very careful of your dictionary and make no damage done on it.Thank you very much!

Yours ever

×××

*字典是我们日常生活中常用的学习工具，但是千万不能直接从字面上认为“查字典”就是“check the dictionary”，而应该用“look up”这个固定短语来表达。

“影响……”有一个很地道的短语。“have effect upon/on”,后面接受影响的人或物，如果是积极影响就在have和effect之间加a good，反之，就加“a bad”其他的形容词例如great，remarkable也可以用来修饰effect，此词在这里是名词。

便笺(便条)和短信--分类举例--道歉

（Apology）

人非圣贤，孰能无过。在社会交往中，人们常常会出现一些疏忽、过失等。如果发生此类事情，就会给对方带来麻烦和不便。为了避免误解，不影响感情，在这种情况下，应写信给对方予以解释，以请求谅解。

此类信要写得及时，态度要诚恳，用词需谦逊。一般在信一开始就向对方表示歉意或内疚，然后说明原因并提出补救的办法。

例1

Directions: You have missed a date of your friend, now you have to write a letter for appologization in about 100 words.May 20th

Dear Lily，I am sorry I missed seeing you yesterday.I know that you must have been disappointed.I also feel worried and anxious in my heart.The fact is that my manager at the last moment asked me to prepare a urgent plan while I could not get to a phone to call you and yesterday I have worked late until about 8:30 p.m.I am terribly sorry.However, I would like to ask you out this weekend to make up for yesterday.Please give me a chance and I am waiting for your reply.×××

* 临时有事未能赴约，一定要把事情解释清楚并真诚的道歉，最好能有弥补（to make up），就像这封信里所说的那样，邀请对方周末再碰头（I would like to ask you out this weekend）注意英文句子you must have been disappointed中情态动词的用法：情态动词+完成时态，表示过去行为。这句话应该理解为“你当时一定感到很失望”。

例2

Directions: You have received a invitation from your friend, but you have already had some guests in your house.Please express the reason you can’t go clearly in about 100 words.6.April

Dear Lucy，I do appologize for having to send this letter about Saturday night.When I accepted your invitation, I simply forgot that Saturday was a holiday and that my own guests were not leaving until Sunday morning.It is difficult for me to make a choice.Though I also wonder to meet you very much.I could not very well go out by myself and leave the guests at my home.I hope you know how sorry I am not to be with you this Saturday.Should I make a visit to you in my other spare time?

Thank you very much.×××

* 自己家里有客人，自然不方便再接受别人邀请去做客所以可以明正言顺的表示拒绝或可另约时间。英文要强调谓语动词，可以加上助动词，例如：

I do apologize for being late.He did come yesterday.例3

Directions: You are already have a date with your friend but suddenly have another thing to do and you have to tell your friend that you can’t go.Express your reason clearly in about 100 words.Monday 9:00 a.m

Dear Jane，I am sorry to tell you that I won’t be able to come this afternoon because I have to go to the airport at 2:00 p.m.to meet an overseas visitor from Australia.I really have kept our datd in my mind all these days, however, I received my boss’ e-mail this morning, he asked me to go to the airport to meet one of his friends from abroad, it’s suddenly and urgent and I must go.Please forgive me.Would you please ring me up to make another time?

Many thanks.×××

* 因有事而不能赴约，只能另约时间（to make或to fix another time）。写信人Bluce很可能是英国人，因为他把“打电话”说成to ring somebody up，美国人通常说to call somebody。英国人打电话还可以说 to give somebody a ring，不要错以为别人要送你个戒指。与别人已经定好的约会却临时不能赴约时，应说明原因并诚恳地道歉，以期获得别人的谅解。

便笺(便条)和短信--分类举例--约请

(Invitation)

例

Directions:You have a ticket to the Russian National Ballet Troupe, which is visiting and you want to give it to your friend Alice.Write a note to her and say:

1)the time of the show，2)the place where you will wait for her

You should write about 100 words.Sunday

Dear Alice，Here is a piece of good news for you.The Russian National Ballet Troupe, which is now on a visit in Beijing, will give a performance in the Beijing Grand Theater tomorrow evening.I am sure that you will be happy to watch it.Here I leave you an admission card.The performance will begin at seven o’clock sharp.I will wait for you at the theater entrance.Please let me know whether you are prevented from coming or not.×××

* 约朋友一起去看戏，可是朋友不在家，只好留下票子和一张便条，但又怕朋友来不了，所以在便条最后特地写上“如果你来不了，告诉我一声”（Please let me know whether you are prevented from coming）此文的wait for也可以用expect 代替。

便笺(便条)和短信--分类举例--请假

（Asking for Leave）

例1

Directions:You are about to write a Business Leave Note of about 100 words.Please desc

ribe these information clearly.1)the reason you ask for the leave

2)the time and how long you will leave

Class 4, Grade 3

Aug.22nd

To Department Office

Secretary Li，I’m sorry to apply for ten day’s leave from the Aug.23rd to sept, 3rd instant.As I have to leave with the time is urgent.My father now in the hospital is badly ill.I have to go to see him and take care of him for a few days.You know I’m the only child in my family.Of course I will show you the telegram about my fathers illness which is recieved from my mother to support my application.As concern as the missed lessons during my absence, I promise I will do my best to catch them on after I come back to the campus.Wish for your allowance.Yours respectfully

×××

*本文是一封请假条，一般我们要向上级或老师请假，通常用的是ack for leave这个短语，请三天假可写作：ask for three days’ leave;因病请假则是ask for sick leave.leave在这里是名词用法，文中用的短语是apply for意为“申请”，含有更加郑重的意味，常用于下级对上级或晚辈对长辈的书面语中，“Only child”意为“独生子女”相应的，“独生女”译作“only daughter”而“独生子”译作“only son”.As concern as.后面跟名词性结构，意为“涉及到，至于”与Concerning同意，两者可以互换。

例2

Directions:Your father is seriously ill, and you want to go back home.Write a note to the secretary and it should include.1)the cause for leaving;

2)the days: from 16th to 21 st;

3)Catch on the lesson after returning school.July 5th

Dear Miss Huang，My sister called me last night, and she said that my father is dangerously ill.I beg to apply for seven days’ leave of absence from 16th to 21st instant, in order that I can see my beloved father.I should be much obliged if you would grant me my application.As regards the lessons to be missed during my absence, I will do my best to make up for them as soon as I get back from home.Sincerely yours，×××

*本格式采用The Semi-indented Form（半缩进式），以前比较流行，现在人们也继续采用。I should be much obliged if you would...是一种客套语，表示“结果……，我当不胜感激。”“补课”的英文是to make up for the lessons。as soon as意思是一……就。

便笺(便条)和短信--概述

便条也是书信的一种形式。它的特点是内容简短，主要有临时性的询问、留言、通知、要求等。跟正规书信相比，便条的语言比较口头化，比如要通知某事只需这样开头：Just a line to tell you that...而无须像正规书信那样This is to inform you that...开头。另外，在便条中常出现省略现象，例如：“key to back door is under mat.”或者“key to back door under mat.”(后门钥匙在垫子下面)代之以“The key to the back door is under the mat.”。

结束时也无需结尾礼词，只需写上写便条者姓名。如果是关系比较近的人，则只需写上姓或名。

便笺(便条)和短信--注意事项

1.词句简洁，尽量避免应酬语和各种敬词

2.切忌内容空洞、言不达意。

便条的日期通常写在右上角。一般只写上星期几或者星期几上午或下午，也可写上午、下午的具体时刻。日常应用中，写上几月几日的也很普遍。但一般不写年份，因为便条的内容多半是当日或近日内要办的事情。写便条时，不得事先准备，因此无固定格式，大多用手写。

私人和公务信函--分类举例--祝福信

（Letters of Regards）

例

Directions:You are going to send a letter to your friend for the new year.Please write it in about 100 words and do not need to write the address.Dear Mr.Carter，As a new year comes across the corner, it gives us great pleasure to say how much we have appreciated working with you over the past twelve months.It was a good memory for me which I always kept in my mind.Would you be the same with me? Last year was a wonderful year and we both got many benefits and progress from each other.I sincerely hope that our pleasant business relationship will continue for years to come.Our staff here join me in wishing you a very Merry Christmas and a Happy and Prosperous New Year.Yours sincerely，×××

* 生意人在新年来临之际相互祝愿，主要关心的当然是“继续保持业务关系”（to continue the pleasant business relationship），并且“在新的一年里生意兴隆”（a Happy and Prosperous New Year）。

私人和公务信函--分类举例--请求信

(Letters of Request)

例

Directions: You are about to write an application for you want to get a rise of your salary.Please express your reasons clearly in about 100 words.September 10, 2002

Dear Manager，I make bold to write this letter to you.One year ago I joined your firm as an apprentice, receiving $ 500 per month during the period of training.Now I became a full-time clerk afterwards for a few days, but my salary has remained the same.As the cost of living is rising, would you consider an increase of my salary? I will not wonder too much but the same as other clerks in our firm.I pledge myself to continue to serve the firm to the best of my ability.Many thanks

Yours faithfully，×××

* make bold to表示冒昧（地做某事）一般请别人帮忙或者要求加薪时可以这样用。full-time表示全职，part-time表示兼职。

私人和公务信函--分类举例--求学信

(Letters of Applying for Study Chance)

改革开放以来，出国留学的热潮一直有增无减。对于一个渴望出国深造的人来说，写封好的求学信，至关重要。

总的来说，第一封求学信不要过长，只需写明自己的姓名、职业、学历、专业、入学时间以及通讯地址即可。待所申请的学校复函后，再按要求寄去所需材料，例如：简历、成绩单、学位证明、推荐信、经济担保书、健康证明、外语考试成绩等。

例

Directions: If you are a student of Tianjin University and you want to apply to the Graduate School for pursuit of the International Business Program of the New York University.Write the applying letter like following:

1)Declare all your situations in Tianjin University.2)What do you want to apply for?

You should write about 100 words and don’t need to write address.Dear Mr Smiths，Thank you for your last letter.As your require, I have written a personal statement to give a detailed description of my academic and work experience in Tianjin University.I also wrote my reasons for my applying to your Graduate School for pursuit of the International Business Program.I have two letters of recommendation for me.One of them is from an English Professor, which proves that my English has reached an advanced level.The other is from an economics professor, which certificates that I am good in the field of economics and business management.Both of the letters will be mailed directly to you.My GMAT score is 2160.I haven’t received my TOFEL score yet.But I will send it to you as soon as I know.Best Wishes

Yours sincerely，×××

*申请出国的求学信应包括PS.推荐信和相关英语考试的成绩，诸如TOFEL、GRE以及GMAT等，一般来说GRE和GMAT有一个即可申请，而TOFEL成绩则是去英语国家留学的必要条件。

私人和公务信函--分类举例--感谢信

（Letters of Thankness）

例

Directions:Your friend Jenny gave you a hand when you were in depression because of your mother’s death.Write a letter to express your thankness.1)the reason for the letter

2)What you will do to overcome the sorrow.The address is not necessary and it should be no less than 100 words.Dear Jenny，I do not need to tell you how greatly I appreciate all you have done for me these days and how grateful I am for the comfort and understanding you gave me when I needed them so desperately.No one knows better than you how important my mother meant to me and what an aching void my life has become without her.But I am trying to take your advice and I hope that returning to my work next week will help heal the sorrow

I really do not know what I would have been without you.Thank you again for everything you have done for me!

Affectionately，×××

* 假如你失去亲人，你会感到“悲伤”（sorrow或aching void），“迫切需要别人的安慰和理解”（need comfort and understanding desperately）。这封信就是对于别人在此时此刻所给予的帮助表示由衷的感谢，写信人说：“要是没有你，我真不知道该怎么做”（I really do not know what I would have been without you.），请注意英语句子的虚拟语气。

私人和公务信函--分类举例--邀请信

(Letters of Invitation)

例1

Directions:You are planning to ask your friend to join an outing.Express your idea clearly as follows:

1)details about what you are going to do

2)when and where you will go out.You should write no less than 100 words and don’t need to write the address.Dear Li Ying，Haven’t seen you for a long time.How have you been? I am missing you all the time.As the weather is splendid now, Jack、Lucy and I have made a plan to go out to the countryside by bike.Each of us may take food for the picnic, which we will have at the hillside.The countryside must be very lovely, with grass and trees growing flourishingly, flowers full bloom and bright sunshine.We can enjoy the scenery to our hearts’ content, at the same time and take some pictures as a memory.It is possible for us to meet at the bus stop 8 a.m.I am sure we will have a good time.Do come and join us.Yours always，×××

*.邀友交游时的语言可以比较轻松、简单而不用太正式，例如一些简单的问候“How have you been?” 和邀请语句“Do come”

例2

Directions:You want to invite Mr.Wallace to give a speech on “American literature”.Write a letter to him and say.1)the purpose of the invitation.2)the time of the lecture

It should be less than 100 words.You don’t need write the address.Dear Mr.Wallace，We know that you are an expert on literature.As students in English major, we want to know some details about literature.We should be very grateful if you could give a talk on “American Literature” to students of the English Department on Saturday, April 19.If this subject does not suit you, any other similar topic would be welcome as well.We have already had several very interesting talks from distinguished visiors from various countries this semester and we look forward eagerly to the opportunity to benefit from your experience and wisdom.Sincerely yours，×××

* 本文是邀请外国专家做讲座的邀请函。信的言辞应表示诚意，如“我殷切期盼”（to look forward eagerly to the opportunity），还要表示尊重，如“从您的阅历和智慧中受益”（to benefit from your experience and wisdom）.例3

Directions: Write an invitation to Mr John Sze, inviting him to be the calligraphy competition judge.The number of the words is no less than 100 words and you don’t need to write the address.Dear Mr Sze，The 20th Taiwan Chinese Calligraphy Competition, organized by the Good Hope Association and Modern Trade Ltd., will accept entries from 3 March to 15 April 2004

As a renowned expert in Chinese calligraphy, you are cordially invited to present as a member of our panel of judges.We would also like to invite you to give away the prizes at the prize presentation ceremony, and to deliver a speech to the audience.Details of the Competition are as follows:

1.Aim:

To help raise the standard of Chinese calligraphy among primary and middle school students, and to arouse their interest in traditional Chinese culture.2.Contestants:

Primary Division:students of Primary 6 or below.Junior Middle School Division: students of 14 to 16.Senior Middle School Division: students of 16 or above

3.Selection procedures:

First-stage selection by respective schools, second-stage selection and final decisions by the Panel of Judges.4.Date of prize presentation ceremony: July 2004(tentative;details to follow)

I would appreciate it if you would give me a reply at your earliest convenience so that the necessary arrangements can be made soon without delay.In case of queries, please do not hesitate to contact me at 24088507 during office hours.Thank you.Yours sincerely.×××

Chairperson

Competition Planning Committee

* Calligraphy Competition 书法比赛，panel of judges.专家裁判，或专家仲裁组tentative adj.暂定的，in case of queries：如有置疑。

例4

Directions: write a letter to invite your colleagues to participate in a family party.The fol

lows should be included

1)the reasons of invitation

2)time and location of the party

It should be no less than 100 words and don’t need write the address.Fiona:

I will go to a food party at Karen Yius place together with colleagues of the Accounts Department at 4:00 p.m.this Sunday to celebrate the fourteenth anniversary of his marriage.Everybody is expected to bring a dish and a bottle of wine of his or her own.If you feel interested, please join us at the main entrance of Pioneer Plaza at 3:00 p.m.sharp that day, and don’t forget your dish and wine.We do hope you come and are expecting to see you then.With best wishes.Sincerely yours，×××

* 邀请信语言应简明真诚，形式通常有正式和非正式两种形式。本文是同事之间的邀请，并且参加的是家庭聚会，所以用非正式形式即可。

私人和公务信函--分类举例--求助信

人和公务信函--分类举例--求助信

(Letters of Asking for Help)

例1

Directions: You want to study further for a Master’s degree and you are preparing for the entrance exam.Since you have difficulty in English, you should write a letter around 100 words to ask for help from your good friend Fang.You do not need to write the address.Dear Fang，I am sorry that I have to ask a favour of you, with the hope that you will be kind to help me.I have been longing to apply for the entrance examination for MA candidates for a long time because I want to pursue advanced studies.Unfortunately I find myself far from the required standard, especially my very poor English.At this moment, the personal friendship leads me to approach you with the request, whether you can manage to give me some constructive guidance.I promise to be a diligent student.If you agree, I will come to your house once a week at a time most convenient to you.Thank you very much for your kind help on many occasions in the past.Your friend，×××

*Thank you very much for your kind help on many occasions in the past.多次承你帮忙，不胜感激！

例2

Directions: Suppose you are a senior majored in physics and plan to study further abroad.Please write a letter of about 100 words to professor Li and ask him to write a reference for you to a U.S.university.You do not need to write the address.Dear professor Li，I am a undergraduate from the Department of physics and I fortunately took a major course on which you lectured.Your lessons impressed me deeply.As a senior, I face the choice between hunting for a job and continuing to study.I prefer to apply for a chance to pursue a Master’s degree abroad.I have taken required English exams and got excellent scores.What’s more, I have finished my personal statement, which is attached to this letter.I’m now writing to ask if you can write a reference for me, which will greatly facilitate my admission into a U.S.university.Best wishes for your health.Your Student，×××

*在请求别人写推荐信时应写明自己的目的和打算，并为对方提供相关信息。

例3

Directions:You plan to apply for admission to Harvard University.You want Mr Black help you with money.Write a letter to him to tell him.1)The reason for your letter.2)The sum of money

3)How you make your living in the U.S.You do not need to write the address.Dear Mr.Black，I have applied for admission to Harvard University.As I have no relatives in the United States and I have no enough money for the tuition.I must find a financial guarantor.You know, in applying for a student visa, an affidavit to support must be submitted from an individual who will assure this opportunity.It plays an important role for my chance to enter the Harvard University.Could you do me a favor to be my financial guarantor.If I really have the chance of coming to the U.S., I will undertake part-time employment to cover all the living expenses.Please write to me soon.Yours sincerely，×××

* 出国留学需要有人经济担保。如果是到美国留学，那么你的美国友人要填写一份担保书（affidavit of support），保证你在美国学习期间的学费和生活费用。

例4

Directions:You are preparing to ask for some help from your teacher,write a letter that:

1)detail what you want he or she do for you.2)express your thanks to your teacher.You do not need to write the address.Dear Ms Wang，I make bold to write this letter to ask you to do me a favour.I have tried to translate several short chinese stories into English for a part-time job.As it is the first time for me to do a translation work, I think there must be many errors and awkward expressions of Chinese English for my lack of experiences.I sincerely hope that you would read over my manuscripts and correct my mistakes and sociolisms.Also could you please give me some other suggestions on my translation work.Thank you for your help with great respect!

Your faithful student，×××

*.请人帮忙除了通常所说的ask for help,也可以用do sb a favour来表达。表示很诚恳地希望什么时，可用句型“I sincerely hope that…”

私人和公务信函--分类举例--推荐信

(Letters of Recommendation)

例1

Directions:You are preparing to introduce your student to sb.Write a letter about 100 words and express your opinion clearly.1)what the referee want to obtain

篇3：保险相关法律知识64页

一、环境污染责任保险制度的概念及特征

环境责任保险又被形象的称为绿色保险, 它以被保险人依法应当承担的环境赔偿责任为保险对象, 它要求投保人按照保险合同的约定向保险机构缴纳保险费, 当被保险人因污染水、土地、空气等环境资源而应承担损害赔偿或治理责任时, 就由保险公司来进行相应的赔付。

环境污染责任保险能够分散企业风险, 其功能又源于它的特征以及独特的机制。首先, 作为责任保险的一种, 环境责任保险具有责任保险的一般特征。其次, 环境责任保险不同于一般责任保险的特征在于其具有社会性和公益性。再次, 环境污染责任保险具有政策性与强制性, 这主要是针对环境污染责任强制保险而言的。

二、我国环境污染责任保险制度发展的现状

(一) 法律制度现状

首先, 从基础法制现状来看:我国在环境侵权责任方面建立的比较完善的法律制度以及我国责任保险制度的建立, 都为环境责任保险提供了基本法律制度基础。其次, 从立法现状来看:在法律方面, 《海洋环境保护法》与《国际油污损害民事责任公约》都是我国处理海上油污损害这一环境污染损害赔偿的直接法律依据, 并共同的在海上油污损害方面建立了责任保险制度。在法规方面, 主要是指《海洋石油勘探开发环境保护管理条例》。除此之外, 《国务院关于保险业改革发展的若干意见》和《国务院关于印发节能减排综合性工作方案的通知》中也有关于环境污染责任保险的相关规定。

(二) 实践现状

虽然我国至今为止尚未建立实质意义上的环境责任保险制度, 但是也做出了许多有益的尝试。早在20世纪90年代初, 吉林、长春、大连等地的保险公司和环保部门就合作推出了环境污染责任保险, 但由于当时人们偏弱的环保意识, 使得该业务最终停办。随着现在环境事故的频发, 国家又把环境污染责任保险重新提上日程, 我国保险业监督管理委员会已经为环境污染责任保险制度制定好了规划, 即“初步建立起符合我国具体国情的环境污染责任保险制度, 并且到2015年达到基本完善并在全国推广。”

三、我国环境污染责任保险的发展模式与可行性分析

(一) 环境污染责任保险制度的发展模式

从责任保险的发展模式来看, 责任保险主要有强制保险与非强制保险即商业保险。我认为, 在目前的情况下, 我国应当在政府的推动下来推行强制责任保险并结合自愿保险, 来充分发挥该制度的功能与作用。一方面, 在污染较重的行业和高风险的行业, 如石油、化工等实行强制责任保险, 这一点在实践中已经得到了有益的尝试。另一方面, 针对我国国情, 对于污染较轻的行业, 如商业、公用事业等则可以实行自愿保险。使强制责任保险与自愿保险两者结合, 互相补充。

(二) 环境污染责任强制保险的可行性分析

1.我国环境污染责任强制保险的发展具有理论上的可行性

首先, 基于市场失灵理论以及成本收益分析。由于市场信息的不对称, 单纯的依靠市场机制来解决各种纠纷问题, 无法有效并及时的达到预期效果。比如, 环境污染事故发生后, 企业在面临破产的情况下, 反而不会顾及其将受到的惩罚, 以减少保费的支出来保证其经济利益的最大化。因此, 强制责任保险是保护受害者最为有效和有益的方式。其次, 基于责任风险社会化理论。该理论表明, 随着每个单个个体所面临的不安全因素可能性的增大, 使得个人会选择转移风险从而使社会分摊风险。责任保险正是责任风险社会化理论基础上的产物。

2.我国环境污染责任强制保险的发展具有制度上的可行性

首先, 我国环境侵权责任制度的发展为环境责任强制保险提供了基础法律制度。环境侵权领域的无过错责任原则、因果关系规定原则等特殊的归责方式, 都显示出了环境损害赔偿的社会化趋势。其次, 如前所述我国国内相关立法为环境责任强制保险提供了法律规范基础。最后, 环境责任强制保险的国际实践状况表明推行环境责任强制保险符合国际惯例。

3.我国环境污染责任强制保险的发展具有实践上的可行性

环境污染责任保险试点为该制度的建立提供了现实的实践依据, 除此之后, 机动车交通事故责任强制保险的全面推行, 为环境污染责任强制保险提供了成功的案例与模式参照。

综上所述, 环境污染责任保险对于缓解我国严峻的环境污染形势具有明显的优势, 我们应综合考虑我国的经济发展水平、环境问题现状以及相关法律建设, 在此基础上建立起适合我国国情的环境污染责任保险制度。

摘要：环境污染具有很强的破坏性, 它不仅损害了受害者权益, 给企业带来了巨大风险, 而且进一步的危害到社会的安定团结。环境污染责任保险能够有效的分散环境污染事故带来的风险, 并具有极强的制度优越性。我国虽然没有实质意义上的环境污染责任保险制度, 但已经迈出了突破性的一步。本文从环境污染责任保险的涵义出发, 立足我国实践现状, 提出了环境污染责任保险制度在我国的发展模式, 并对该模式进行了可行性分析。

关键词：环境污染赔偿责任,环境污染责任保险,强制保险

参考文献

[1]张云辉.对发展我国环境责任保险的思考[J].黑河学刊, 2005 (6) .

[2]孙小燕.推进中国环境污染责任保险制度建设的研究[D].江西:江西师范大学, 2010.

[3]周国熠, 万里虹.我国环境污染责任保险试点及相关问题探析[J].保险研究, 2009 (5) .

[4]黄九菊.构建我国环境污染责任保险制度的可行性分析[D].上海:华东政法大学, 2011.

[5]金瑞林.环境与资源保护法学[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 1999.

篇4：生育保险相关知识

(我们公司每年给我缴纳1800*0.85%*12=183.6)

下面说说生育保险

这个也举例说明好了,如果你是位女生,每个月工资为1000元,2007年1月1日开始交生育保险,缴费基数为1189,(你说我的缴费基数是1800呢,还是183.6呢)而你2007年3月怀孕,2007年12月底生了孩子,2008年1月出院,那么你出院以后要赶快把结婚证(未婚生子的报销不了)+独生子女证(一般来说生2胎的报销不了)+病历+建大小卡检查和住院和手术费用的所有发票+住院清单+出院小结这些所有的材料交到公司,如果你怀孕时候检查花了500块,生孩子的时候住院+手术花了2000块,一般来说,公司在医保规定范围内基本上可以给你全部报销,报销以后给你的钱包括:500块检查费+2000块住院手术费+1189元/月×4个月=7256块, 1189元/月×4个月这是医保中心特别为报销的女生补贴的,只有女生报销才能拿的到

国家规定女孩子报销生育保险的时候必须给4个月的平均工资,所以你生孩子报销的话不仅不要花钱而且还可以赚4个月的工资!如果你基数交的比工资高,比如拿1000块交的是1189,那么你还赚了呢生育保险起码要交一年才能享受,切记切记

此外还有个问题,男生也交生育保险呀~那么男生可不可以享受生育保险呢?

如果你是男生,你老婆没工作或者工作单位没交保险,而她生孩子的时候你交生育保险也已经超过了一年,那么你也可以报销生育保险哦,但是以之前的例子为例,你只能报销500块检查费+2000块住院手术费的一半=1250元, 补贴的1189元/月×4个月的工资你就享受不到了!这是只有女生报销的时候才可以享受的哦~同样的花费,女生报销就能拿7256块,男生报销只能拿1250块,这大概也是中国少有的”歧视男性”的政策的说--+

所以说,女生要生孩子之前最好计划一下,提前一年开始找个单位交生育保险,可以赚呢!而男生如果要娶老婆,最好娶一个生孩子的时候已经交了一年生育保险而且缴的基数还比她本身工资高的女生哦!不过如果她实在没保险也没关系,你还可以给她报销生育保险呢,不过你没补贴的4个月工资拿,而且该报的费用你只能拿回来一半。

（12333）全国用户电话

2138191 侯科长

国家公立医院（比如说县人民医院、第一医院等到）均可报销

孩子出生5个月以后报销相关费用，与福山区打电话联系告知所需资料：

1、医疗证

2、准生证

3、发票（建大小卡检查和住院外加手术费用的所有发票）

4、出生证明

5、病历

医疗证公司有发，如果没有发的话，可以自己去办理：