书评英语（精选6篇）
篇1：书评英语
“Prison Break” Review
Even though the 2005-2006 TV season doesn’t officially start until September 19(the day after the Emmy Awards), one network has decided to start their season early.That said network would be FOX, and their first show is the prison drama “Prison Break.” Despite having a slightly unbelievable concept, it is a great way to start the season off on a good foot.Michael Scofield(Wentworth Miller)is a desperate man.His brother, Lincoln Burrows(Dominic Purcell), a death row inmate confined to Fox River State Penitentiary in Joliet, Illinois, is scheduled to die in a little over a month for the murder of the Vice President’s brother, Terrence Steadman(David Lively.)Michael has an elaborate plan to break Lincoln out of jail, and in the opening scene of the pilot, he is seen having the last of a series of tattoos applied to his body.Those tattoos are the blueprints for Fox River.In 1999, he was involved in a retrofitting job of the prison, and he still has all of the plans of the building with him.After doing all the extensive research, and adding those notes to his tattoos, he gets rid of all of the evidence.The next day, he goes into the downtown Chicago branch of United Savings Bank and attempts to steal over a half million dollars.When he is arrested, he is put on trial for armed robbery.He pleads no contest to the judge(Cheryl Lynn Bruce), despite the objections of his lawyer and childhood friend Veronica Donovan(Robin Tunney.)The judge sentences him to five years, with parole in two and a half.Michael has requested to be sent to Fox River, which the judge grants.Veronica still doesn’t understand why Michael is doing this, because he isn’t violent and he doesn’t need the money.Also, he was the only positive influence for LJ(Marshall Allman), Lincoln’s son.LJ lives with his mother, Lisa Rix(Jessalyn Gilsig), and her husband Adrian(Philip Rayburn Smith.)He has been getting into trouble lately, having been busted for possession of marijuana, and Lisa doesn’t know what to do about it.When Michael gets to Fox River, Captain Brad Bellick(Wade Williams)greets him, and tells him that he has nothing coming to him.Michael meets his new cellmate, Fernando Sucre(Amaury Nolasco.)Sucre is engaged to his girlfriend, Maricruz Delgado(Camille Guaty), though a friend of hers named Hector(Kurt Caceres)has been making a play for her.He just wants to do his time and get out so that he can get married.Meanwhile, Veronica is still troubled by the case.She is engaged to an investment banker named Sebastian Balfour(Anthony Starke), though it appears that she still thinks about Lincoln, who used to be her boyfriend.Back at Fox River, Sucre tells Michael about Charles Westmoreland(Muse Watson), whom everyone whispers is actually the infamous D.B.Cooper, who parachuted out of a plane thirty years ago with a million and a half in cash(he actually only got away with $200,000.)Charles has a cat named Marilyn who was grandfathered in b
efore Fox River prohibited pet ownership.Michael tells Sucre that Lincoln, or as the other inmates call him, “Linc the Sink”(because he’ll come at you with everything but the kitchen sink), is his brother.He wants to know how to get to Lincoln.Sucre tells him that the only way to do that is through “P.I.,” or Prison Industries(meaning the inmates who behave get to do work for the prison.)Former mob boss John Abruzzi(Peter Stormare)runs P.I., and he is the only one who can get Michael approved for it.Michael later asks Abruzzi if he can be hired for P.I., giving him a paper origami swan and telling him that he has something to offer the mob boss.Abruzzi scoffs at this new “fish” and throws away the swan.Michael does have something to offer Abruzzi though.Fibonacci is a mob informant whose testimony put Abruzzi behind bars, and he, along with mobsters Gavin Smallhouse(Gianni Russo), Philly Falzone(Al Sapienza), and Maggio(Rich Komenich), are very interested in finding the man, who is currently in witness protection.His testimony could land all of them in jail, and Falzone specifically threatens Abruzzi with harm to his kids if he doesn’t find Fibonacci.Michael visits Dr.Sara Tancredi(Sarah Wayne Callies), the prison doctor.Sara is the daughter of Illinois Governor “Frontier Justice” Frank Tancredi, a fact that she doesn’t like to tell many people about, because she differs with her father in their political beliefs.Michael has to go the infirmary for his regular insulin shots, because he has Type I Diabetes.In Washington D.C., Special Agent Paul Kellerman(Paul Adelstein)and Special Agent Danny Hale(Danny McCarthy)are trying to thwart the efforts of anyone who might free Lincoln.A man named Bishop McMorrow(Chelcie Ross)has a lot of influence with the Governor and may persuade him to grant a stay of execution.They decide to visit him and “persuade” him to back off by accusing him of tax fraud.McMorrow won’t be bullied, but later in the episode, he is shot and killed in his bed.Back at Fox River, Warden Henry Pope(Stacy Keach)asks to see Michael.He knows that Michael is a structural engineer, so he offers him three days of work a week in Pope’s office helping him build a model of the Taj Mahal made out of toothpicks.It is for his wife for their fortieth wedding anniversary, but he can’t seem to get the proper reinforcements to keep it from collapsing, and that is where Michael comes in.Michael turns down the offer at first, but a few days later, he accepts the offer when the warden threatens to throw Michael in the SHU(solitary confinement)for ninety days for fighting.The reason he was fighting was that Abruzzi got a call from Maggio that they received a picture of Fibonacci and a folded up swan.He realizes that Michael does have information about Fibonacci, and he demands that the fish tell him where the informant is.Michael will tell Abruzzi the information, but not until they are both safe outside the walls of the prison.Abruzzi takes offense to this, and he has his goons beat Michael up(he later ends up supplying Michael with his P.I.work card though.)
Back in Veronica’s office, she finds out that McMorrow has been killed, and she realizes that Michael was right when he told her that Lincoln had been set up.Michael needs PUGNAc, an insulin blocker, because he is only pretending to be diabetic so that he can spend more time in the infirmary getting things ready for his and Lincoln’s escape.He approaches a black inmate named C-Note(Rockmond Dunbar)about supplying him with some PUGNAc.Michael then looks for a bolt on a specific set of bleachers out in the yard.He has the serial number for this specific bolt tattooed on his forearm, and he finds it, but before he can screw it out of the bleacher, Theodore Bagwell, a.k.a.T-Bag(Robert Knepper), stops him.He is the leader of the Alliance for Purity, a white supremacist gang, and he has his submissive partner May Tag(Brian Hamman)with him.T-Bag says that a race war is around the corner, and he offers his protection.Michael turns him down, which ticks T-Bag off, forcing Michael to leave the bolt half-unscrewed.Veronica finds Tim Giles(Keith Diamond), Lincoln’s public defender, and asks him about a man named Crab Simmons(Tab Baker), who could have cleared Lincoln’s name.Crab is a five-time felon, so it would be a waste of time.The next day, Tim visits Veronica in her office and gives her a surveillance video of the parking garage where Lincoln had allegedly killed Terrence Steadman.It was meant to be a form of closure for her.She watches it, and then she visits Lincoln in jail to ask him about it.He tells her that he never fired his gun, and that she should do some more research.Michael goes back to finish unscrewing the bolt, but T-Bag and May Tag catch him again.T-Bag makes Michael hand over the bolt, who gives it to May Tag.Michael later goes to Abruzzi to ask him about shaking down an inmate, which he tells him he will do, as soon as Michael tells him where to find Fibonacci.Michael further frustrates Abruzzi by telling him that he will do that once they escape.Bellick does a search of Michael and Sucre’s cell(Sucre is in the SHU for having a shank during a previous shakedown)and finds the serial numbers for the bolt(he doesn’t know what those numbers mean though yet.)The numbers are accompanied by a name: “Allen Schweitzer.” He has a fellow C.O.look up the name, but he comes up with nothing.Michael searches for the bolt in May Tag’s bunk, when he is caught by T-Bag and May Tag again(they are everywhere…aren’t they?)He tells them that he wants T-Bag’s protection, and that he needs the bolt to protect himself.C-Note sees this and gets mad.He later shows Michael the bottle of PUGNAc, but tells him that he chose the wrong side of the race war, causing Michael to leave empty-handed.Veronica finds Crab’s residence and runs into Crab’s mother, who tells her that Crab is dead.Back in her office, Veronica gets a call from Leticia Barris(Adina Porter), Crab Simmons’ ex-girlfriend.She meets with Leticia, who tells her that she believes that the same people who killed Crab are trying to kill Lincoln.Veronica thought that Crab had O.D.’d, but Leticia said that Crab had a bad heart and would never touch drugs.He conveniently died a week after Lincoln had killed Steadman.Hale and Kellerman had already questioned Tim about his visit to Veronica, and now they have witnessed her meeting with Leticia.Kellerman calls a mysterious woman, who instructs him to “do what you need to do to make this go away.”
During a prison riot, another inmate fatally stabs May Tag, but Michael is able to get the bolt away from him.T-Bag assumes that Michael had done the stabbing, and he vows revenge.Michael sharpens the point of the bolt to become an Allen wrench, which is the perfect size to fit into a bolt underneath a toilet(we later see in the coming attractions that behind the toilet is a tunnel, which I assume is the escape route.)
C-Note gives Michael back his PUGNAc, because he realizes that Michael wasn’t in cahoots with the Aryan Nation.Michael takes the medicine, and Sara later administers her test.She confirms that he does have diabetes, but she is a little confused as to why he is so happy about it(Michael has a horrible poker face.)
On the way out of the infirmary, Abruzzi and his thugs grab Michael and force him to give up the location of Fibonacci by putting one of his pinkie toes into the path of some pruning shears.He refuses, and the episode ends with one of the thugs cutting off the pinkie toe.The director of the Rush Hour movies, Brett Ratner, executive produces and directed the first hour of this show.Paul Scheuring, the writer of the 2003 Vin Diesel movie A Man Apart, created this series and wrote its first two episodes.They have constructed a show that is a little bit far-fetched, but interesting.The fact that Michael conveniently goes to the same prison as Lincoln, and that Sara is only mildly inquisitive to Michael’s diabetes problem is a little hard to believe.Also…when are they going to explain why Michael Scofield and Lincoln Burrows have two different last names? Are they half brothers?
The acting is great though.It’s amazing how alike Miller and Purcell look.Maybe it’s the buzz cuts, but I could actually believe that they were real brothers.Stormare always makes a great bad guy in movies, so he is giving us another good one on the small screen.Knepper plays a very creepy bad guy, and he is very effective at it too.The two love interests are good, but they don’t have a lot of time to establish their romances with their respective men yet.Callies is obviously going to fall f
or Miller, and I seriously doubt that Tunney will be seeing a wedding in the end with her fiancé.“Prison Break” reminds me of ABC’s “Lost,” in which I like the concept, but I can’t see it going beyond a season.“Lost” proved that it could provide an ongoing plotline that will last its inaugural season, so I’ll have to have faith that this one will do it as well.This show had so many questions yet unanswered in the first two episodes, and the durability of it might be one of those questions.Welcome to the fall season!
篇2：书评英语
A Little Princess
A Little Princess is a touching novel written by Frances Hodgson Burnett—a famous novelist and dramatist.The book can bring me into a world that is more than reality while reading it.The extraordinary story gives me a deep impression that every girl can be a princess.In my opinion, it is impossible for every rich girl to act like a well-behaved princess, but Sara, the heroine of the novel, did it!She was an imaginative little girl who had such intelligent small face and such perfect manners.Sara was a very nice girl who had a gentle, appreciative ways of saying, such as “If you please” “Thank you”.So, not only her teachers and classmates liked her, but also her servants liked her.There was a time when Sara became a poor and pitiful servant insulted by the headmaster of the school.In spite of this, she had never complained to anyone about the horrible suffering she had endured.Sara was confident, brave, optimistic and kind-hearted just like before and she had never given up her enthusiasm of life.No matter when, Sara acted like a princess, she had accomplished a great deal of miracles over and over again.After reading this outstanding book, I was shocked by Sara, a little girl who suffered such unimaginable pain, but still had an opposit attitude towards life.What impresses me most is that Sara
put on her act of being a princess when she wore thin bottom shoes, wading in the street of London.The way for a girl to be a princess is quite simple.if you want to become a princess, you can suppose yourself to be a princess without caring how the others would treat you.Then you should be more kind and try your best to help the people in need.If you du likewise ,you will be a princess someday.
篇3：英语学术书评的情态隐喻研究
英语学术书评是英语学术界进行学术交流, 探析学术成果的重要工具, 也是对一本书的写作技巧、理论观点以及社会价值等方面的评价。正如海兰德 (Hyland, 1996:43) 所说“书评对学科建设和学术团体的融合作用巨大”。但对学术书评的研究长期以来并未得到足够的重视。本文以英语学术书评为语料, 以系统功能语言学中的情态隐喻为理论框架, 探讨情态隐喻在英语学术书评中的意义。
二、情态隐喻简介
功能语言学认为, 语言具有概念功能、人际功能和语篇功能。其中, 人际功能指说话人用语言表达自己的态度, 并影响听者的态度和行为, 主要由语气系统和情态系统来体现。其中, 语气系统的功能是表达说话人希望通过讲话所达到的目的。情态系统则表示语言使用者本人对事物认识的估量和不确定性, 是说话人表达自己对命题和建议的态度和主观判断, 主要是由情态动词和情态副词来体现, 但这并不是表达情态的唯一方式。因为除了“一致式”表达之外, 名词、形容词、介词短语、动词词组等相应的不同结构都可以是情态意义的体现形式, 这类转换生成现象在功能语法中被称为“情态隐喻”。
功能语言学认为, 一种形式可以表示一种以上的意义, 反之一种意义也可以由两种或更多的形式体现 (黄国文, 1999) 。这种形式与意义之间并非一一对应的关系, 反映在情态上, 就可能出现一致性体现之外的情态隐喻现象。按照Halliday (Ravelli, 1988) 的语法隐喻模式, 隐喻选择增加了语义特征, 隐喻被看做语义特征的结合体。这样, 诸如“I think”, “It’s likely”, “It’s certain that”等用语都是情态的表达方式。Halliday (1994) 指出, 决定每一种情态意义如何体现的是情态的取向系统。情态取向可分为四种:明确主观, 非明确主观, 明确客观, 非明确客观, 系统功能语法认为, 明确的主观取向和明确的客观取向都是隐喻式, 以命题的形式来表达情态, 即由小句来表达。在明确主观取向中, 体现情态意义的小句常常表达一个认知心理过程 (如:I believe, I think等) , 以强调说话人的主观看法, 使其对所做的判断或提议负有明确的情态责任;在明确客观取向中, 体现情态意义的小句通常表达了一个修饰性的关系过程 (如:It seems that, It’s likely等) , 目的在于使说话者的断言似乎不再是一种个人观点, 而是一个固有特征, 为本来只是一个看法的东西增添客观确定性, 从而隐藏了情态来源, 以远离相应的情态责任。Halliday (1994) 将广义的情态系统分为表示可能性和经常性的情态化 (modalization) 和表示义务和意愿的意态化 (modulation) , 并且将它们把语言与功能联系起来。
不难发现, 情态意义的一致式表达更容易理解和运用, 但同时它也太简单直接、单位信息量不大。情态隐喻式这一语言运用手段可以弥补一致式的不足, 它能通过转换生成将信息按照一定的情态责任进行合理配置, 以在语篇中起到特定的语用功能。
三、实例分析
英语学术书评是对英语学术作品的学术价值公开地衡其是非, 扬优汰劣的判断其价值。其中书作者、书评作者、真实读者、潜在读者等都参与其互动, 这就要求书评作者从人际因素的角度出发作充分细致的考虑。作为学术语篇的一个分类, 书评必须是客观的、真实的, 然而书评又具有辩论性和评价性的特征, 因此个人主观看法也是必然存在的。同时为了体现对书作者的尊重或遇到不宜直接陈述的观点时, 书评作者也会求助一定的表达方式, 使之语言含糊不确定。
本文选取了五篇学术书评, 一篇出自Applied Liguistics, 4篇出自Journal of Linguistics, 以此为语料, 分析了这些学术述书评中情态隐喻的使用情况。
书评情态隐喻使用表
如上表所示, 情态隐喻的使用在书评中广泛存在, 在98个句子中出现15句, 占总句数的15%, 其中主观情态隐喻的使用比客观情态隐喻更为频繁, 分别为9句和6句。
1. 客观性的需要。
如前所述, 学术书评必须是客观, 真实的。书评作者为了达到这一目的, 客观情态隐喻是很好的选择, 通过使用非人称主语的表达方式, 情态就被扮演成一个具有某种属性的命题, 掩盖了情态的真实来源, 强调了书评作者对事物判断的客观化。如:
It is clear that this is a highly interesting and very readable book, which offers a wealth of intriguing examples of language contact and some very lucid analyses.
Journal of Linguistics March2005, 190
上句中, 书评作者评价这是一本非常有趣, 值得一读的书, 表达的是书评作者个人的看法, 目的是向读者推荐这本书, 但他前面用了一个关系小句It is clear that, 让人觉得这本书有趣是一个客观事实, 这时书评作者降低了所评价内容真实性的承诺, 不需要对所说的内容负全部责任, 就可避免读者潜在的批评, 其观点和判断更容易被接受。
2. 强调作者的主观性。
在学术书评中, 书评作者需要阐述自己的观点, 判断和评价, 使用主观情态隐喻能清楚地告诉读者这是书评作者个人的观点、判断。同时, 作为学术团体的成员, 书评作者享有隐含的权威, 有权告诉读者什么是好的什么是不好的, 因此展示了书评作者的权威性。
In sum, I am sure this book will provide scholars, teachers, students and readers with valuable insights which will spark further interest in the field of phonological acquisition.
Journal of Linguistics March 2005, 217
由此句可以看出, 书评作者确信这本书会给读者提供有价值的见解, I am sure的使用突出了作者个人的主观看法和评价, 清楚表达了一个书评作者的判断和评价, 语言明确不含糊, 显示了学术界人士的权威性。
四、结束语
综上所述, 情态意义表达有一致式和非一致式之分, 情态隐喻是情态意义的非一致式表达, 它极大地扩展了英语学术书评的语义内涵。本文分析了情态隐喻在英语学术书评中的使用情况, 发现情态隐喻在英语学术书评中普遍存在, 其中主观情态隐喻的出现频率高于客观情态隐喻, 二者在学术书评中有其特定的意义和功能。领会并掌握书评这一特点能提高理解英语学术书评的水平和书评写作能力, 对广大读者具有积极而深远的意义。
参考文献
[1]Halliday, M.A.K.An Introduction to Functional Grammar (2nd edition) [M].London:Arnold.1994.
[2]Hyland, K.Disciplinary Discourse:Social Interaction inAcademic Writing[M]London:Longmand, 2000.
[3]Ravelli, L.J.Grammatical metaphor:an initial analysis[A].In Erich H.Sterner et al. (eds.) .Pragmatics Discourse and Text[C]Nor2 wood, N.J.Ablex, 1988.
[4]陈彧英语学术书评中情态的人际意义[J].太原城市职业技术学院学报, 2005.4
[5]黄国文.英语语言问题研究[M].广州:中山大学出版社, 1999.
[6]李战子.话语的人际意义研究[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2002.
篇4：礼貌原则在英语学术书评中的体现
书评，作为对出版作品进行评价的工具，越来越引起学术界的重视。前人曾经从它的体裁特点、评价策略、人际情态意义、讲究礼貌、语类结构等角度进行过研究。本文拟以面子理论为框架，详细探讨英文学术书评作者是通过何种手段来实现维护面子的目的的。
二、对书评的探讨
书评是评论者对作品内容的批判性评价，它的目的在于介绍和评论某一作品的内容。书评是潜在的威胁作者或读者面子的一种文学体裁，它不仅反映书评者对所评书目的个人观点，而且还反映他处理人际关系的技巧 (Hyland, 2000)。
从这个概念中我们得知书评有两个基本要点：介绍和评价。评论者不仅要回答是什么的问题，还要回答怎么样的问题。通常的做法是用二分之一到三分之二的篇幅来总结作者的主要观点，至少用三分之一的篇幅做出评价。作评者写好书评需要一定的交际技巧，需要维护作者、读者及自己的面子。
三、西方社会中的礼貌现象评述
礼貌是在任何文化中都普遍存在的极其平常的一种社会现象。自1978年Brown和Levinson发表了《语言使用中的普遍原则:礼貌现象》一文后，礼貌现象引发了诸多社会语言学家、人类学家和语用学家们的关注。他们从各个不同的角度出发对这一现象作了大量的实证研究和理论探讨。其中影响最大的是Brown和Levinson提出的面子理论和Leech提出的礼貌原则。
（一）B&L的“面子理论”
B&L在1978年提出的“面子理论”是建立在Goffman’s的面子理论基础上的。面子对每一个人来说是最神圣的、不可侵犯的。他们认为所有理性的社会成员都具有面子，他们根据个人需要把面子分为两类:消极面子,即个人拥有行动自由、不受干涉的权利；积极面子,即个人的正面形象或“个性”，包括希望这种自我形象受到赞许的愿望，这个定义是以西方文化中重视个人价值观念为基础的。
通常情况下，交际双方会通过彼此合作维护对方的面子，但现实生话中难免有不少潜在的威胁面子的行为, 当这种情况发生时，为减轻威胁面子的程度，需要采取一些补偿措施，即礼貌策略。禮貌策略分为积极礼貌策略和消极礼貌策略。前者是指在进行威胁面子行为时采取补偿行动，对受话人的积极面子加以保护，具体做法有表示赞扬、赞同等。消极礼貌即采取补偿行动使受话人的消极面子加以保护，具体做法有使用疑问句、过去时、缓冲语、歉语等。
（二）Leech提出的礼貌原则
英国语言学家Leech在1983年提出了礼貌原则的六条准则：
①策略准则：尽量减少他人付出的代价，尽量增大对他人的益处。②慷慨准则：尽量减少对自己的益处，尽量增大自己付出的代价。③赞扬准则：尽量缩小对他人的批评，尽量增加对他人的赞扬。④谦虚准则：尽量缩小对自己的标榜，尽量夸大对自己的批评。⑤赞同准则：尽量缩小与他人的不同意见，尽量增加与他人相同的意见。⑥同情准则：尽量缩小对他人的厌恶，尽量扩大对他人的同情。
四、礼貌原则在英语学术批评中的体现
既然书评会潜在地威胁面子，那么作评者就需要从人际关系的角度作全面地考虑，既要做出正确可观的评价，又要创造一个和谐友好的对话氛围，避免过分威胁作者的面子。
学术书评是对一本书的质量、学术水平、理论观点以及实用价值等方面进行的评价，它必然会涉及到面子问题（李经纬，1996）。根据Leech的观点，遵循赞扬准则和赞同准则, 是对作者积极面子的维护。批评和建议属于负面评价，是对作者和评论者面子的侵害，但是没有哪一个学者的观点会绝对地正确或是文章写得确实无懈可击，所以学术批评是不可避免的。正是学术批评促进了学术繁荣和学术进步。为了解决既要提出批评又要保护作者和评论者的面子这一矛盾，作评者必须采取必要的礼貌策略。当然，由于西方人的坦率的特点，不拐弯抹角，直截了当地指出缺点和不足在英语书评中比较常见。在他们看来，有批判的眼光，有不同的见解往往被看成是有思想、有见地、有创造性的表现（柳淑芬，2005），这不属于本文的研究范围，本文主要关注的是当书评者进行负面评价时，为减弱威胁面子行为的侵害程度，保持人际关系的和谐所采取的修饰性的策略以及作评者对作者进行的正面赞扬。
以下是笔者从2006年出版的Applied Linguistic和The Modern Language Journal中随机选取的例子以及对它们进行的归类分析。
(1) Much of the analysis of King’s speeches and sermons is valuable. However, the term ‘messianic’ is misleading.
(2) The instructor’s manual in both series could be improved with the addition of more specific strategies. Nevertheless, the variety and wealth of activities make these booklets a useful and attractive supplement to any language.
(3) Despite its shortcomings, Stone’s volume is the richest in the number and range of its entries in all categories.
(4) The introduction is easy to understand, but at times it is not sufficiently detailed or explicit.
在上述四个例子中，书评者采用了表示转折关系或让步关系的副词或连词要么对作者先表扬后批评，要么先批评后表扬，减弱了赤裸裸的批评给作者所造成积极面子的侵害程度。在笔者所调查的书评中，类似上述这种褒贬结合的批评在负面评价中所占的比例最大。如：
(5) Although the careful reader may find somewhat redundant…such a schema meets Coppola’s didactic purpose and facilitates subsequent referencing.
(6) In its separation of the spoken and written textual components, it may well prove to be another alternative for the teacher struggling to find materials appropriate for the large Chinese learner population in the USA.
may作为一个表示可能性的情态动词，语气相对缓和。用于负面评价时，可以避免对作者的直接批评，一定程度上维护了作者的积极面子，如例(5)。
用于正面评价时，同样可以使语气得到缓和，避免把自己的看法强加给读者，增加了书评内容的可接受性，在维护作者和读者面子的同时也维护了自己的面子，如例(6)。再如：
(7) The treatment of prepositions could have been better integrated into the Noun Group section.
(8) This volume covers an impressive ground in terms of periods, authors and approaches, yet in a few instances one would expect to encounter more recent sources.
(9) In a discussion of speech acts, almost two pages are dedicated to a lengthy passage from one of Ibsen’s plays, when a much shorter sequence might have sufficed.
在一定语境下，使用情态动词可以减弱语言的批评力量（Perkins, 1983）。could, would , might作为can, will, may的过去时，其语气更加缓和且更带有试探性。它们的使用也是为了避免与作者的正面交锋，增加了批评的可协商性。使用这些情态动词有时表明作评者因缺乏权威不便非常肯定地提出批评或对该评价模棱两可，为了回应来自读者潜在的质疑而采取的保全双方面子的措施，有时也表示承认与分歧立场对话的可能性，为对话协商提供一个更宽松的环境。如：
(10) A small drawback is that the English translations in the book seem to need some polish.
(11) There are some small typographical errors throughout, making sentences at times a little difficult to understand.
(12) The title of the volume is somewhat misleading.
(13) These, however, were minor points that one should expect from software.
在以上幾个例子中，书评者通过使用seem, a little, somewhat, minor等模糊语，使他们的观点更具有说服力和可接受性。
(14) One seeking the precise Latin for the injunction against arguing about taste would not find this…
(15) It is much to be welcomed that both of these books make a substantial…in content.
(16) It is taken for granted in several papers that rationalist positions equal…
在上述例中，作评者使用了表示泛指意义的one 和非人称主语引导的句子，让读者去评论，让事实自己说话，可以避免因评论不当而招致的批评，同时也开脱了自己的责任，保护了作评者的面子。
(17) It strikes me that more careful editing was necessary to aid coherence and consistency throughout the book.
一般过去时除了表示在过去某个时间发生的事或存在的状态外，还可表示礼貌地提出建议。
(18) This volume, offers a comprehensive description and analysis of FLT in China, on the basis of up-to-date domestic and international research.
(19) The overall aim of Linguistic and the Language of Translation is admirable and a work of its kind is indeed much needed.
(20) It will provide a clearer understanding of the nature of thoughts, beliefs and values. The result is at least interesting and more often than not richly illuminating.
在以上三例中，作评者用大量的褒义词语对作者进行公开赞扬，一方面显示了自己作为评论者的权威，维护了自己的面子；另一方面又肯定了作者在学术领域所作的贡献，承认了作者的个人价值，维护了作者的积极面子。
综上所述，作评者在评论中除了通过正面评价来保护作者的积极面子外，还通过使用褒贬结合的批评方式、情态动词、模糊语、表示泛指意义的one、非人称主语句和一般过去时等维护作者或读者的面子。
五、结束语
本文只是粗浅地谈论了英语学术书评中使用的礼貌策略，希望有利于加深人们对学术书评这一特殊文学体裁的认识，以引发更多相关的讨论。
参考文献：
[1]Brown, P and S, Levinson. Politeness: Some Universals in Language Use［M］.London:Cambridge University Press, 1987.
[2]Hyland, K.Disciplinary Discourse: Social Interaction in Academic Writing［M］.London: Longman, 2000.
[3]Perkins, M.R. Modal Expression in English ［M］.London: Frances Printer, 1983.
[4]李经纬.英汉书评中的礼貌策略比较［J］.解放军外语学院学报，1996，（3）： 1-8.
[5]柳淑芬.对比修辞：英汉书评比较［J］.广东教育学院学报，2005，（1）： 104-108.
篇5：英语作文简爱书评
It does not fit easily into a definite pattern, being neither a novel of “manners” in the tradition of Austen, or a straightforward Gothic Romance in the style of Mrs Radcliffe.
What Charlotte Bronte did was to create a work which cleverly blends elements of the two styles, and which remains uniquely independent of them at the same time, since it addresses issues which were at the time rather controversial.
The novel is written in the first person, and thus magnifies the central character - the reader enters the world of Jane Eyre and is transported through her experiences at first hand.
This at once makes the work subjective, especially since we know that Charlottes Brontes own life and experiences were so closely interwoven with the heroines.
As well as this we learn only at the end of the novel that the events are being related to us ten years after the reconciliation with Rochester - thus the narrative is RETROSPECTIVE (looking back).
CB is clever in blending the narrative so that at times Jane seems to be speaking as an adult with adult hindsight , while at others she she is “in the middle” of them, as a child or young woman.
The indecision which is a central issue in the book, is heightened by this device.
We never know, as readers, whether to be entirely trustful of Janes actions and thoughts, because we are never sure wheher she is speaking impulsively or maturely.
This intensifies the readers dilemma as to what is “right” and “wrong” in the dramatic relationships which are part of JEs life.
Can we believe what the heroine says, or is she deceiving herself? The novel is primarily a love story and a “romance” where wishes come true but only after trials and suffering.
The supernatural has its place, as do dreams, portents and prophesies.
The heroine begins poor and lonely and ends up rich and loved; the orphan finds a good family to replace the wicked one; all the basic ingredients of classic romantic fairytale are present.
The romantic element is present in two forms in Jane Eyre; the “family” aspect is dealt with in the Gateshead, Lowood and Moor House episodes, which involve the exchanging of the wicked Reed family for
篇6：英语书评怎么写
2．如果是小说，对情节做简要勾勒，如果作品不是小说，写明写作目的和主题。
3．书评作者对此书优缺点的评论。
4．用一个总结性的语句式段落使读者对此书有一个总体印象。开篇
写好开篇段落对书评来说非常有挑战性，其目的是抓住读者的注意力，使他们产生读这篇文章的热切愿望。
开篇之前，先做一下笔记，问自己一些问题：
·贯穿此书的主题是什么？
·与同类书相比，这本书的特色是什么？
·这本书对我产生了什么影响？通过回答上述问题，你可能就知道该如何人手了。
一般来说，作者姓名和书名应该在第一段中出现，但有时你可能会从书中最重要的观点说起，犹如书评专门评论该书的主题。文章开头用简短的语言表明作者对本书的总体印象是个不错的办法，一两个形容词就够了，过后你可在此基础上扩展。
摘要
人们是为了判断是否想读这本书才去看书评的，因此你应让他们对书的内容有所了解。小说的评论可对主要人物作些介绍，但只需简要点出部分情节即可。没有比评论者泄露了小说结局更让作者和准读者更恼火的事了！通常我简介小说的前三分之一或前半部分情节，忽略副情节。在冲突即将解决时，某个人物要做出决定时，或一个主要的活动场景即将开始时，戛然而止。
非小说的书评则应提供所有重要信息的概览，其中包括重大的日期，人物地点，观点及作者如何得出结论的阐述。
适当地引用书中原文可使读者产生真实的感受。要寻找那些机智、动人或有力的话语，并对它们产生的背景作一番描述。除非编辑准许你篇幅拉长，一般情况下，一定要将引言限制在一两句之内。不要忘记在每句引文后面注上页码出处，这样编辑可以核实。
总结
使用有力度的词语，尽量简短地总结你对此书的观点。如果可能，与篇首的评论遥相呼应
范文：
On Jane Eyre
Reading Jane Eyre is a process full of pleasure and motivation.The heroine, Jane Eyre, succeeds in conquering millions of readers by her virtue, consistence and reason.To make Jane’s extraordinary romance with Mr.Rochester a break from routine, Charlotte Bronte managers to connect Jane with an “ordinary” aspirant and Mr.Rochester a disability.The essence of love deserves a discussion and reflection here.Appearance? possession? To me, neither.Miss Ingram, undoubtedly, a wealthy, pretty and accomplished lady from the first class, is described by Mr.Rochester as one of those “women who please me only by their faces.They open to
me a perspective of flatness, triviality and perhaps imbecility,coarseness, and ill-temper.”In addition, the repeated proposal of the handsome, ambitious St.John comes across Jane’s stable refusal.These plots are expected to get out of a conventional stereotype that appearance and possession count most.In Jane Eyre, love is only based on internal appreciation.It is Jane’s virtue that brings light to all around her---kinship, friendship and romance.To my regret, virtue no longer shares the priority and popularity in our modern society.More or less, people have been accustomed to making external show pass for clean shrines.Sometimes, people feel reluctant to admit their poverty and ugliness.However, those who dares to
scrutinizeand expose---to raise the gilding , and show basic metal under it, are too often neglected.For the people that merely care façade brilliance, I suppose, Jane Eyre cannot be missed.Apart from Jane, I want to mention Helen Burns, a most important friend of Jane.Though the author doesn’t emphasis her, I do appreciate this little girl and feel sorry for her early death.Tender but firm, learned but modest, eloquent but prorious, Helen Burns always remains obedient to critism, smiles at her friend when most needed and difficult, keeps calm towards death.Really, I believe she has a heart large enough, vigorous enough to hold her swelling life of pure and fervid.Her spirit seemed hastening to live with a very brief span as much as many people during a protracted existence.Besides depicting a typically stable, tractable Jane, Jane Eyrealso stands out for some other aspects.Given the content, the book discovers many social problems that period had, such as the poor charitable school, hypocritical postors and profligate nobles;Given the rhetorical feature, it is not only a work of realism, but also full of romantic atmosphere.The mixture of presentiment,symbolism, synecdoche and metaphor contributes a lot to literature value.Obviously, the author’s
description towards Jane’s mentality differs a lot from the former ones.It is more forthright and minute.On the whole, Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre is a profound work that reminds readers of a theme: Virtue and Persistence.It has inspired so many readers especially females to struggle for a better life.Jane, a lady endowed with independence and goodness, is really a symbol of feminism.Critics say it is Charlotte Bronte that accomplishes Jane Eyre.For me, it is Jane Eyre that accomplishes Charlotte Bronte.<<傲慢与偏见>>的英文书评
Many people simply regard Pride and Prejudice as a love story, but in my opinion, this book is an illustration of the society at that time.She perfectly reflected the relation between money and marriage at her time and gave the people in her works vivid characters.The characters have their own personalities.Mrs.Bennet is a woman who makes great efforts to marry off her daughters.Mr.Bingley is a friendly young man, but his friend, Mr.Darcy, is a very proud man who seems to always feel superior.Even the five daughters in Bennet family are very different.Jane is simple, innocent and never speaks evil of others.Elizabeth is a clever girl who always has her own opinion.Mary likes reading classic books.(Actually she is a pedant.)Kitty doesn’t have her own opinion but likes to follow her sister, Lydia.Lydia is a girl who follows exotic things, handsome man, and is somehow a little profligate.When I read the book, I can always find the same personalities in the society now.That is why I think this book is indeed the representative of the society in Britain in the 18th century.The family of gentleman in the countryside is Jane Austen’s favourite topic.But this little topic can reflect big problems.It concludes the stratum situation and economic relationships in Britain in her century.You can find these from the very beginning of this book.The first sentence in this book is impressive.It reads: “It is a truth well known to all the world that an unmarried man in possession of a large fortune must be in need of a wife”.The undertone is very clear: the foundation of the marriage at that time is not emotion but possession.People always think that Austen was an expert at telling love stories.In fact, the marriage in her book is not the result of love, but the result of economic needs.After reading this book, I know the truth is that a poor woman must be in need of a husband, a wealthy man.I couldn’t forget how eager Mrs.Bennet wants to marry off her daughters.If you want to know why she is so crazy about these things, I must mention the situation in Britain at that time.Only the eldest son had the privilege of inheriting his father’s possessions.Younger sons and daughters who are used to luxurious lives have no choice but marry a man or woman in possession of a large fortune to continue their comfortable lives.Thus, we can see that getting married is a way to become wealthier, particularly for women without many possessions.Jane Austen told us that money and possession determined everything, including marriage and love in her century.In “Pride and Prejudice”, the sister of Mr.Bingley strongly opposed his plan of marrying Jane because the Bennets don’t have many possessions and their social positions are much lower than them.From this, we can see there are a lot of obstacles for a not very rich woman to marry a wealthy
husband.The society, the relatives would not allow them to get married.In modern society, although the marriages of economic needs have decreased rapidly, the concept of “money determines everything” is still rooted in some people’s mind.A lot of parents try hard to interfere their children’s marriages.Education background, possessions, jobs remains the main reason that may influence one’s marriage.Marry for money is still a big problem in our society.We can’t help thinking: can money determine everything?