考研英语复习常考三类从句解读

考研英语复习常考三类从句解读（精选2篇）

篇1：考研英语复习常考三类从句解读

定语从句是考研英语中的重点、难点和考点，而在考研英语翻译中也是如此。纵观近十年(04―13年)考研英语真题翻译部分，定语从句的翻译是每年都有涉及，在05、06两年翻译部分考查了六个定语从句。由此可见，定语从句的翻译不容忽视。而定语从句的翻译有其翻译方法和技巧。常见的定语从句翻译方法有以下几种。

1、前置法

把定语从句翻译到它所修饰的先行词前面，常常用“的”来连接。(定语从句较短，结构简单)

Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.

太空和海洋是科学家们正努力探索的新世界。

Hewho has never tasted what is bitterdoes not know what is sweet.

没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。

真题：(92:74)The first two must be equal //for all who are being compared, //if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made.

分析：全句的主句The first two must be equal for all who are being compared;其中for是个介词，理解为“对...来说”;all 是个代词，意思是所有被比较者，who引导的是个定语从句，限定前面的代词all，该定语从句比较简单，可以前置。if引导的是个条件状语从句，主语是 any comparison，后面的介词短语是个固定短语，in terms of (就...而言，从…方面);第二被动结构是is to be made，应该翻译成主动意思，“做出比较”,if条件状语从句通常放在主句前面翻译。

译文：如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话，那么对所有被比较者来说，前两个因素必须是一样的。

2、后置法

把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译为并列分句，关系词可以翻译为先行词或者与先行词相对应的代词。英语的英语从句结构常常比较复杂，如果翻译在其修饰的先行词前面的话，会显得定语太臃肿，而无法叙述清楚。

Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area.

他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。

真题：(91:73) The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, //which means that we are heading into a crisis // in the matter of producing and marketing food.

1)not nearly 远非，远不如，远不能;match 相配，匹配，比得上

食品供应的增加远不足以赶上人口的增长

2) head v. 朝着……方向走去

这就意味着我们正在陷入危机

3) In the matter of ……关于，就……而言，在…..方面

market V.交易，销售

在粮食生产和销售方面

Which 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句的后面来翻译，这里 which 指代前面一整句话，可以翻译成“ 这”。

译文：

食品供应的增加将赶不上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食生产和销售方面正陷入一场危机。

(01:71)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, //and cars with pollution monitors// that will disable them //when they offend.

句型分析：

1)主干结构是带双主语的存在句：There will be television chat shows..., and cars...

2)两个主语都带有定语：第一个主语television chat shows的定语是过去分词短语hosted by robots，第二个主语cars的定语是介词短语with pollution monitors。

3)定语从句that will disable them修饰的先行词是pollution monitors，最后一个从句when they offend是定语从句中的状语从句。

词汇：

television chat shows hosted by robots 由机器人主持的电视谈话节目，重点词hosted 主持 cars with pollution monitors 装有污染监控器的汽车

disable them 使汽车失灵(停止运行)them和they指代汽车

offend 多义词(汽车)污染超标，违规

译文：

届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标(违规)，监控器就会使其停驶。

3、状译法

有些定语从句，在逻辑上与主句有状语关系，表示原因、条件、结果、让步等，译成汉语中相对应的逻辑关系，翻译为状语从句。

He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for.

他坚持再买一幢房子，尽管他用不着。

真题：(90:64)

Behaviorists suggest //that the child who is raised in an environment //where there are many stimuli //which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses// will experience greater intellectual development.

句型分析：

that 引导的是个宾语从句，the child做宾语从句里的主语，will experience 是从句的谓语，在主谓之间又接了三个定语从句，第一个是who引导的，修饰前面的名词the child，第二个是where引导的，修饰前面的名词environment，最后是which引导的，修饰前面的名词stimuli。名词 capacity后面的介词做其后置定语。

词汇：

behaviorist 行为主义者 raise 抚养

stimuli 刺激物 capacity 能力

appropriate 适合的，适当的 intellectual 智力的

1)行为主义者认为

2)who 引导的定语从句非常复杂，其中又嵌套着 where 和which引导的定语从句，因此放先行词 the child 后面翻译，“儿童在一个环境下成长”

3)where 引导定语从句修饰 environment,该定从比较简单，可以前置。

有许多刺激物的环境。2和3组合在一起：儿童在一个有很多刺激物的环境下成长。

4)这些刺激物能够发展做出适当反应的能力

5)将会有更高的智力发展

最后根据句意可以得出，前后存在一定的条件逻辑关系，可以加上逻辑关系词 如果……那么……

译文：

行为主义者认为，如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境里成长，而这些刺激物能够发展其做出适当反应的能力，那么这个儿童将会有更高的智力发展。

4、融合法

前三种翻译方法在考研英语翻译中会经常使用，而最后一种方法-融合法不太常用，仅供大家了解。

把主句和定语从句融合成一个简单句，其中定语从句译成简单句中的谓语部分。

There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.

楼下有人要见你。

In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.

在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。

篇2：考研英语复习常考三类从句解读

一、分割定语从句 (朗读并翻译下列句子, 认真查看定语

从句的特点:

1.I was the only person in my off ice who was invited.

2.Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to see you ?

3.The day will surely come when everybody realizes the danger of pollution.

4.He arrived in Jinzhou in 1984, Where he became a manager some years later.

5.China has produced many great writers over the past ten years , among whom was Mo Yan.

要点归纳:分割定语从句, 先行词余定语从句被其他成分分割时, 首先要根据句子意义确定先行词和定语从句, 然后选择合适的关系词。

二、含有插入语的定语从句

1. Ahead of me I saw a woman who I thought was my aunt.

2.I will hire the man who they say is a good English speaker.

3.The girl who you suppose is honest is her sister.

要点归纳:关系词后含有插入语you think /suppose /believe/imagine/say/guess等地定语从句中, 确定关系词在从句中的成分时, 要先去掉插入语, 然后再确定句子成分, 不要受插入语的影响。

三、定语从句与并列从句的区别

1.MR Li has three daughters, none of whom is an engineer.

2.Mr Li has three daughters, but none of them is a dancer.

3.Mr Li has three daughters; none/they are doctors.

要点归纳:并列句用but , and, 或分号连接;定语句子用关系词来引导, 关系词具有两个作用, 一是放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接主语和从句的作用, 二时充当从句的一个成分。

四、where定语从句where状语从句的区别

1.He left the key where he had been an hour before . (状语从句)

2.He left the place where lived for many years. (定语从句)

3.Rice grows well where there is enough water. (状语从句)

4.I still remember the farm where/on which my parents worked the years ago. (定语从句)

要点归纳:where引导的定语从句用来修饰表示地点意义的名词或代词, 可以改成介词+which;where引导的地点状语从句用来修饰动词, 表示动作发生或存在的地点, 不可以改成介词+which;做题时, 先根据句意确定有无先行词。如有, 是定语从句, 无则是状语从句。

五、定语从句与强调句的区别

1.It is on the morning of May 1st that I met John at the airport. (强调句)

2.It is the factory where /in which John works. (定语从句)

3.It is in Qingdao you’re going to pay a visit to that this kind of washing machine is produced . (强调句)

4.It was in Beihai Park where they made a date for the first time that the old couple told us their love story. (强调句)

5.——Wasn’t it Doctor Wang who spoke to you just now?

——Yes, it was. (定语从句)

要点归纳:定语从句去掉it be …that句子不完整;强调句去掉it be …that句子完整。有时强调句还以省略形式出现例如2就是省略了强调句。

六、定语从句与结果状语从句的区别

1.I have the same computer as you have. (定语从句)

2.She is such a kind girl that all of us like to make friends with her. (结果状语从句)

3.He is such a good teacher as we all love and respect. (定语从句)

4.He is such a good teacher that we all love and respect him. (结果状语从句)

要点归纳:such/the same …as中, as是关系代词, 其后句子不完整。as在从句中充当成分 (主语, 宾语或表语) ;such…that结果状语从句中, 其后句子是完整的, that只起连接作用。

七、that引导同位语从句与that引导定语从句区别

1.The text tells me a fact (that) I have already known. (定语从句)

2 . T h e t e x t t e l l s m e a f a c t t h a t s m o k i n g d o e s h a r m t o people’s health. (同位语从句)

3.The news that he told me yesterday made me surprised. (定语从句)

4.The news that he had passed the exam made me surprised. (同位语从句)

要点归纳: t h a t连接同位语从句常放在抽象名词 (news, fact, idea, suggestion , advice, hope) 等之后, 表明抽象名词具体内容, 中间加be可以理解。同位语从句本身句子完整, that无意义, 只起连接作用, 不在从句中作任何成分, 不能省略, 也不可用which代替;that引导定语从句, 定语从句句子不完整, that是关系代词, 它在从句中不但起连接作用, 同时在从句中做成分 (主语, 宾语或表语) , 做宾语时可以省略, 指物时还可以用which代替, 指人时常用who代替。

八、it, was与that三种句型的转换

1.What is well known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games were a great success.

2.It is well known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games were a great success.

3.As is well known to us all, the 2008 Olympic Games were a great success.

九、结束语