虚拟语气口诀与总结

虚拟语气口诀与总结（精选6篇）

篇1：虚拟语气口诀与总结

虚拟语气总结

（1）一种定语从句：It’s time that+did

（2）两种目的状语从句：

so that/in order that+ can/may/could/might +do

in caselestfor fear(以防)that+should do

（3）三种随时变化句：

①wish现在→did/were

if only→had done

as if/though将来→could/would do

② would rather /将来→did/were

过去→had done

③现在：if+did/were, would+ do

过去：if+had done, would+ have done

将来：did

were to do, would+ do

should do

注意：除了由引导的虚拟条件句外，还有倒装条件句，即把were、had或should提前；混合时间句，虚实错综句，以及含蓄条件句，即由or, otherwise, with, without, but for来引导的。

（4）四种名词性从句：

①当表语是important, natural, necessary, possible, strange, arranged, decided, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, surprising, a pity, no woder时，主语从句要用虚拟语气。例：

It’s important that we(should)help each other.②动词一坚持(insist)，两命令(command, order)，三建议(advise, propose, suggest)，四要求(ask, demand, request, require)后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。例：

He insisted that he(should)be sent to the West.注：insist(坚持说), suggest(暗示，表明)时，从句应用陈述语气。如：

Her pale face suggested that she was ill.1).Mother insisted that John(should)go to bed before 9 o’olock.对比：He insisted that I had taken away his dictionary.（不是建议、要求、命令或主张）

2).His suggestion that Tony(should)be invited to the party was refused.（同位语从句）

对比：His words suggested that he was very angry with me.（不是建议、要求、命令

③idea, plan以及表示“坚持，命令，建议，要求”等动词的同源名词作主语时，表语从句用虚拟语气。例： My suggestion is that we(should)hold a class meeting.④idea, plan以及表示“坚持，命令，建议，要求”等动词的同源名词后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。例： The office gave an order that his soldiers fight back bravely.If +were/ did(动词过去式)，主语+情态动词（would, could, might, should）+do（用来表示对现在情况的假设）

1).I don’t have a cellphone.If I had one , it would be convenient for me to contract others.If +had done(过去完成式)，主语+情态动词（would, could, might, should）+have

done（用来表示对过去情况的假设）

1).If I had gone to the concert, I would have seen the famous singer.If +were/ did(动词过去式)主语+情态动词（would, could, might, should）+ do

were to do

should do（用来表示对将来情况的假设）

1).If I were not to take/ should take/ took the exam tomorrow, I would go shopping with you.虚拟语气条件句的倒装：在虚拟语气条件句中，如果出现助动词were, should, had，可省略if, 把这些词提到主语前面，变成倒装句。

1).Should he act like that again, he would be fined.If he should act like that again, he would be fined。

Were he to act like that again, he would be fined.If he were to act like that again, he would be fined.If he acted like that again, he would be fined.（不可以倒装）

2).Had the doctor come in time last night, the boy would have been saved.If the doctor had come in time last night, the boy would have been saved.3).If I had time now, I would go to the film with you.（不可以倒装,因为句中的had不是助动词）

But for….--> If it were not for…../ If it hadn’t been for

1).But for the determined captain, all the passengers on board wouldn’t have been saved.If it hadn’t been for the determined captain, all the passengers on board……

2).But for your rich parents, you wouldn’t live such a easy life.If it were not for your rich parents, you wouldn’t live such a easy life.

篇2：虚拟语气口诀与总结

I-非现实条件句基本句型：

A-过去时

Wenn ich Zeit haette, ginge ich mit ihr ins Kino.Ich ginge mit ihr ins Kino, wenn ich Zeit haette.Haette ich Zeit, ginge ich mit ihr ins Kino.我若有时间，就和她去看电影。(事实上我没时间。)

B-过去完成时

Wenn ich gestern Zeit gehabt haette, waere ich mit ihr ins Kino gegangen.Ich waere mit ihr ins Kino gegangen, wenn ich gestern Zeit gehabt haette.Haette ich gestern Zeit gehabt, waere ich mit ihr ins Kino gegangen.我昨天要是有时间的话，就跟她去看电影了。

以下动词习惯于直接用动词虚拟式形式，而不利用下面要说的条件式句型：

waere, haette, kaeme, gaebe, wuesste, taete, faende 等

例如：Ich waere auch gern Lehrer.我希望我也是个老师。(可我不是。)

陈述句型和对应的虚拟式句型：

陈述式的句子结构 第二虚拟式虚拟式的句子结构

主动式

-------------------过去时

过去完成时

Ich war nicht fleissig.Ich bin nicht fleissig gewesen.Ich waere fleissig gewesen, wenn...Ich war nicht fleissig gewesen.Ich hatte kein Interesse.Ich habe kein Interesse gehabt.Ich haette mehr Interesse gehabt, wenn...Ich hatte kein Interesse gehabt.Ich wollte nicht lernen.Ich habe nicht lernen wollen.Ich haette besser lernen wollen, wenn...Ich hatte nicht lernen wollen.非现实条件句中主句和从句的时态关系：

主句时态： 从句时态 所表示的时间

1)第二虚拟式过去时 第二虚拟式过去时 现在和将来

或第一条件式 或第一条件式

Ich kaeme gerne, wenn ich Zeit haette.Ich wuerde gerne kommen, wenn ich Zeit haette.假如我有时间，我原因去。

/ 4

Ich laese das Buch, wenn ich Englisch verstehen koennte.我要是懂英文的话，我就读这本书。

2)第二虚拟式过去完成时 第二虚拟式过去完成时 过去

或第二条件式

Ich waere gerne gekommen, wenn ich gestern Zeit gehabt haette.Ich wuerde gekommen sein, wenn ich gestern Zeit gehabt haette.假如昨天我有时间的话，我就去了。

3)

第二虚拟式过去时 第二虚拟式过去完成时 结果(现在的时间)或第一条件式 条件(过去的时间)

Ich waere jetzt bei dir,(结果)wenn der Zug nicht verspaetet haette.(条件)Ich koennte jetzt bei dir sein, wenn der Zug nicht verspaetet haette.车要是不晚点，我现在已到你那了。

从上面你可看到，在第二虚拟式里，只有过去时和过去完成时，而且只有过去完成时才是描述过去的事，而过去时则描述的都是现在的事。

第二虚拟式的常见用法

1-非现实愿望句(Irrealer Wunschsatz)Wenn das Wetter doch schoen waere!(Aber das Wetter ist nicht schoen.)天气好该多好啊。

Wenn wir jetzt Ferien haetten!我们现在若有假日多好啊！

Wenn er gestern doch gekommen waere!昨天他要来了多好啊！

Wenn ich ihn nur getroffen haette!我要是碰上了他多好啊！

Waere das Wetter doch schoen!

Kaeme Herr Li doch!

备注：a-句型中常用doch或nur加强语气，句末用感叹号；

b-Wenn 可以省去，此时句子为反语序。

2-非现实条件句(Irrealer Konditionalsatz)

2-1 用wenn带出，只表示未过及已过两个时间段：

Wenn ich Zeit haette, kaeme ich gerne zu eurer Party.(未过时)假日我有时间，我愿来参加你们的派对。

/ 4

Wenn ich gestern Zeit gehabt haette, waere ich zu eurer Party gekommen.(已过时)我要是昨天有时间，就到你们的派对来了。

Wenn ich das Buch gekauft haette, koennte ich es dir auch leihen.(已过时)我要是买了那本书，我也能把它借给你。

3-Wuerden 在非现实条件句中的用法：因有些弱变化虚拟式动词形式易与直陈式混淆，在表示

未过时的虚拟情况时，常用wuerden加不定式来代替：

Er uebersetzte den Text, wenn er Zeit haette.Er wuerde den Text uebersetzen, wenn er Zeit haette.(句中用wuerde代替uebersetzte)

Wir wuerden gleich zu ihm gehen, wenn es nicht zu spaet gewesen waere.(句中用wuerden代替gingen)

4-第二虚拟式用于客气的请求(Konjunktiv II der Hoeflichkeitsform)Haettest du Lust zu einer Party? Waere Ihnen das recht? Duerfte ich hier bleiben? koennten Sie uns helfen?

5-在非现实句中的第二虚拟式

Er koennte uns helfen.Aber er ist nicht hier.Ich haette ihn angerufen.Aber ich wusste seine Adresse nicht.Ich wuerde sehr gerne mit dir zusammenarbeiten, aber...6-表示可能的，但不希望实现或发生的事实：

Das Material waere der hohen Belastung nicht gewachsen.这材料可能承载不了高负荷。

7-Als ob, als wenn, als(就像，好象，似乎)带出非现实比较句，动词要用虚拟式：

als ob 从句，谓语动词多用第二虚拟式，只能置于在句尾:

Er tut so, als ob er alles koennte.als wenn 从句，谓语动词多用第二虚拟式，只能置于在句尾:

Er redete, als wenn er der Boss waere.als 从句，谓语动词在als后，可以是第一或第二虚拟是形式，不能置于句尾:

Es kommt mir vor, als waere er krank.常见句型：

Er tut so, als ob

/ 4

Es scheint(jm.), als ob Es kommt(jm.)vor, als ob Es sieht so aus, als ob Er gibt sich den Anschein, als ob

比较句主句和从句的事态关系：

主句无论是什么时态 若从句表示的是现在的时间段 则主从句行为是同时的

Er redet, als ob er in Deutschland waere.听他说话，好象他在德国

Er redete, als ob er in Deutschland waere.Er hat redet, als ob er in Deutschland waere.主句无论是什么时态 若从句表示的是过去的间段 则从句行为在主句前

Er redet, als ob er lange in Deutschland gewesen waere.听他说话，好象他在德国

Er redete, als ob er in lange Deutschland gewesen waere.Er hat redet, als ob er in lange Deutschland gewesen waere.主句无论是什么时态 若从句表示的将来的时间段 则从句行为在主句之后

Es ist so kalt, als ob es schneien wuerde.天这么冷，像是要下雪。

Es war so kalt, als ob es schneien wuerde.Es ist so kalt gewesen, als ob es schneien wuerde.8-由zu...als dass 带出的结果句，从句动词一般用第二虚拟式，表示否定的意思：

Er spricht zu leise, als dass man ihn hoeren koennte.他的声音太小，大家都听不清。

篇3：虚拟语气考查热点归纳与训练

考点一、考查含有if条件句的虚拟语气

如果从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件,主句就会产生一种不可能获得的结果。含有if条件句的虚拟语气根据表达的不同时间有三种不同的形式。请看下表:

例1: If everyone in the country bought onesoft-drink each day and threw it away, therewould soon be a huge mountain of rubbish. 如果全国每个人每天买一罐软饮料,然后把空罐扔掉,垃圾很快就会堆积如山。( 对现在的虚拟)

例 2: If the hurricane had happened duringthe day time,there would have been many moredeaths. 倘若飓风发生在白天,那么死亡的人数还会多得多。( 对过去的虚拟)

例3: If it were to snow tomorrow,they wouldnot go out. 如果明天下雪,他们就不出去了。( 对将来的虚拟)

【考例1】I should not have laughed if I______(think) you were serious.

解析: 句意为: 如果我早知道你是严肃的,我就不应该笑了。根据前面 给出句子 中的should not have laughed可以判断出,这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,从句谓语动词应该用过去完成时。故答案为had thought。

【考例2】This washing machine is of goodquality. If it______( break down) within the first year,we would repair it at our expense.

解析: 句意为: 这台洗衣机的质量很好。如果它在第一年里出了故障,我们将免费修理。根据语境可知,这是对将来的一种假设。在if条件句中对将来的虚拟,谓语动词可以使用“should + 动词原形”,也可以使用“过去时”或“were to + 动词原形”。故答案为should breakdown / broke down / were to break down。

【考例3】We______( be) back in thehotel now if you didn't lose the map.

解析: 句意为: 如果你没有把地图弄丢,我们现在就会在宾馆里了。由now以及if从句中的didn't lose可知,这是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,主句中应使用“过去时的情态动词+ 动词原形”。故答案为would be。

以下几种特例应引起考生注意:

1. 省略if的虚拟条件句中应使用部分倒装语序

如果在条件句中含有were,had或should,可将if省略,然后将were,had或should移至主语之前,构成部分倒装。

例1: Should there be a meeting tomorrow,Iwould come. 如果明天有会议召开,我会来的。

例2: Had we made a great effort,we mighthave succeeded. 如果我们( 过去) 做了很大努力的话,我们可能就获得成功了。

【考例1】______they known what wascoming next, they might have had secondthoughts.

解析: 句意为: 如果他们当时知道接下来会发生什么事情,他们有可能就会重新考虑了。根据句意可知,这是一个含有省略了if的虚拟语气的句子。由于省略了if,从句中应使用倒装语序。根据might have had可知,这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,因此虚拟语气省略if的从句中应该使用过去完成时。故应填Had。

【考例2】Should it rain, the crops______( save) .

解析: 句意为: 假如天下雨了,庄稼就会得救。根据语境可知这是对将来的虚拟,条件句中省略了if。主句中谓语动词应该使用“过去时的情态动词 + 动词原形”,再结合句意可知,庄稼是“被救了”。故答案为would be saved。

2. 混合条件句的虚拟语气

有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时动词的形式应根据它们表示的时间加以调整。

例: If it had rained last night,it would bevery cool today. 如果昨天晚上下了雨的话,今天就会非常凉爽了。( 条件句表示对过去的虚拟,用过去完成时; 主句表示对现在的虚拟,用“would /should + 动词原形”)

【考例1】—It was the drug,not the disease,that killed the boy.

—He would be still alive today if he______( take) that drug.

解析: 句意为: “是毒品而不是疾病夺去了那个男孩的生命。”“要是他以前不吸食毒品的话,他今天还会活着。”本题考查混合式虚拟语气。从句与过去事实相反,而主句与现在事实相反,所以从句用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟,而且表示的 是否定意 义。故答案为hadn'ttaken。

【考例2】If he had spent more time practising speaking English before,he______( be)able to speak it much better now.

解析: 句意为: 如果他以前花更多的时间练习说英语,现在他就能说得更好了。这是一个混合虚拟条件句。if条件状语从句含有明显的过去时间状语before,是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,谓语动词应用过去完成时; 主句中有现在时的时间状语now,表示与现在事实相反,用“would + 动词原形”。故答案为would be。

3. 含蓄条件句的虚拟语气

( 1) 用连词otherwise,or,but等暗示条件

例1: I thought you would remain there for awhile after the conference. Otherwise I wouldn'thave bought you a single ticket. 我原以为你会后要在那儿逗留一段时间。要不然我就不会给你买单程票了。

例2: Mary could be prettier,but she doesn'tcare much about her clothes. 玛丽本可以更漂亮些,但是她不太在乎衣着。

【考例1】We lost our way in that small village,otherwise we______( visit) more placesof interest yesterday.

解析: 句意为: 我们在那个小村庄迷了路,否则我们昨天就能参观更多的名胜古迹了。句中的otherwise“否则,要不然”,它引起的虚拟语气属于含蓄型。由句中的时间状语yesterday可知是与过去 事实相反,此时主句 用wouldhave done形式。故答案为would have visited。

【考例2】—Thank you for reminding me ofthe time,or I______( be) late yesterday.

—Don't mention it.

解析: 句意为: “谢谢你提醒我时间,不然昨天我就迟到了。”“不客气。”从语境可知说话人是在谈论昨天的事,or暗示该句表示对过去的虚拟,谓语动词应使用“would /should + 完成时”形式。故答案为would have been。

( 2) 用but for,without等介词短语表达条件

例: The ship would have sunk with all onboard but for the efforts of the captain. 要不是因为船长的努力,我们就会连船带人都沉没了。

【考例1】We______( put) John's nameon the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.

解析: 句意为: 若不是因为他最近受伤,我们就会把约翰的名字放进昨天的比赛名单中了。But for暗示此处表示的是虚拟语气,是对过去发生事情 的后悔和 遗憾,故使用wouldhave done表示对过去的虚拟,意思是“本来会做某事而没有做”。故答案为would have put。

【考例2】______the help of my Englishteacher,I would not have won the first prize inthe English Speaking Competition.

解析: 句意为: 要是没有英语老师的帮助,我就不会在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖了。这是一个隐含的虚拟条件句,含有“if my Englishteacher hadn't helped me with my spoken English”之意,表示含蓄条件,由于后面是名词,此处应填介词。故答案为Without。

考点二、考查名词性从句中的虚拟语气

1. 考查主语从句中的虚拟语气

下列主语 从句中谓 语动词通 常用“( should) + 动词原形”。

( 1 ) It is necessary ( important,natural,strange,surprising) that

例1: It is necessary that he( should) be sentto hospital at once. 他有必要被立刻送往医院。

例2: It is strange that she ( should) marrysuch a poor man. 她竟然嫁给这样一个穷光蛋,真是太奇怪了。

( 2) It is suggested ( desired,decided,ordered,requested,proposed) that

例1: It has been decided that the meeting( should) be put off till next Saturday. 会议被决定推迟到下星期六举行。

例2: It is suggested that you ( should) spendmore time in English. 你应该花更多的时间用于英语学习。

2. 考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气

( 1) 在某些动词后的宾语从句中,使用“( should) + 动词原形”。常见的动词有: 一个坚持( insist) ; 两个命令( order,command) ; 三条建议( advise,suggest,recommend) ; 四项要求( demand,require,request,ask) 。

例1: He ordered that the medicine ( should)be sent by a special plane. 他命令用专机运送药品。

例2: She suggested that we ( should) leaveearly. 她建议我们早点动身。

【考例】He suggested that she______( leave) the house at once.

解析: suggest是表示“建议”的动词,后面接从句时,从句使用虚拟语气,谓语动词 用should + do,should可以省略。 故答案为( should) leave。

当suggest意为“暗示,表明”,insist作“力言,坚持 ( 认为) ”用时,宾语从句 不用虚拟语气。

例1: His silence suggested that he agreedwith my decision. 他的沉默暗示他赞同我的决定。( “暗示,表明”,不用虚拟语气)

例2: He suggested that I ( should) stick tomy decision. 他建议我坚持自己的决定。( “建议”,用虚拟语气)

例3: Mike insisted that he had never stolenanything. 迈克坚持认为自己从来没偷任何东西。( 非虚拟语气)

例4: We insisted that she ( should) go withus. 我们坚持她应该跟我们走。( 虚拟语气)

【考例】His smile suggested that he______( succeed) in this exam.

解析: 句意为: 他的微笑表明他在考试中成功了。本题中suggest意为“暗示,表明”,其后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。“考试成功”发生在suggested之前,应使用过去完成时。故答案为had succeeded。

( 2) wish后宾语从句中的谓语动词有三种形式: 对现在的虚拟,用过去时; 对过去的虚拟,用过去完成 时; 对将来的 虚拟,用“would /should + 动词原形”。

例1: I wish I were not so busy. 但愿我不那样忙碌。

例2: How I wish I had seen her off at thestation,but I was too busy. 我要是去车站送过她就好了,但我当时太忙了。

例3: I wish he would come at once. 我真希望他马上来。

【考例】—Where are the children? Thedinner's going to be completely ruined.

—I wish they______( be) always late.

解析: wish后的宾语从句应该使用虚拟语气。题干中有always,表明这是对现在的虚拟,从句应使用一般过去时表示对现在的虚拟,根据语境“我希望他们不要老是迟到。”可知应使用否定形式。故答案为weren't。

3. 考查表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气

某些表示建议、计划、命令的名词( 如advice,order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion,request等) 后的同位语从句和表语从句中的谓语动词常用“( should) + 动词原形”。

例1: We all agreed to his suggestion that he( should) go to Beijing for sightseeing. 我们都同意他到北京旅游观光的建议。

例2: My advice is that he do exercises first.我的建议是他应该先做练习。

考点三、考查虚拟语气在固定句式中的使用

1. 虚拟语气用于It is ( high) time ( that) 句型中,that从句中的谓语动词用过去式( be用were) 或“should + 动词原形”,should不能省略,意为“( 现在) 该到了……的时候了”。例如: It's high time that he went ( should go) tobed. 到了他该上床睡觉的时候了。

【考例】Jack is a great talker. It's high timethat he______( do) something instead of justtalking.

解析: It's high time that是一个固定句型,that从句中的谓语动词用过去式或“should + 动词原形”,should不能省略,意为“( 现在) 该到了……的时候了”,故答案为should do / did。

2. 虚拟语气用于would rather后的从句中,用过去式表示现在或将来的情况,用过去完成式表示过去的情况。

例1: I would rather you went next Sunday.我愿你下个星期天去。

例2: I would rather you hadn't done that. 我真希望你没做那件事。

【考例】George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rather he______( focus) more on its culture.

解析: would rather后接从句应使用虚拟语气。该题表示对将来的虚拟,从句中的动词用过去时形式,故答案为focused。

3. 虚拟语气用于as if ( as though) ,even if( even though) 等引导的表语从句或状语从句中,对现在的虚拟,用过去时; 对过去的虚拟,用过去完成时。

例: The two new-comers talked as if they hadknown each other for ages. 那两个新来的人聊天的样子仿佛他们已经相识多年了。

【考例】Don't handle the vase as if it______( be) made of steel.

解析: 句意为: 拿花瓶时不要当它是钢做的一样。as if引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中常用虚拟语气,根据Don't handle可知此处应为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,所以动词应使用一般过去时,be用were的形式,故答案为were。

4. 虚拟语气用于if only引导的感叹句中,其谓语动词的形式与wish后的宾语从句的动词形式一样。

【考例】Look at the trouble I am in! If only I______(follow) your advice.

解析: 句意为: 看看我的麻烦! 要是我接受你的建议就好了! 根据句意可知,这是对过去没做某事的后悔和遗憾,是对过去的虚拟,从句中应使用过去完成时,故答案为hadfollowed。

考点四、考查语境中用“情态动词 + 完成时”表达的虚拟语气

近几年高考对虚拟语气的命题注重在特定语境中结合情态动词进行考查。

【考例1】—Do you think George has passedthe driving test?

—No. If so,he______( drive) his carto our college yesterday.

解析: 根据句意可知是对过去的虚拟。Ifso = If he had passed the driving test,主句应使用“情态动词 + have done”,故答案为wouldhave driven。

【考例2】I______(watch) that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams.

解析: 表示“本来不应该做而却做了某事”用shouldn't have done,故答案为shouldn't havewatched。

【考例3】Mark______(hurry) . Afterdriving at top speed,he arrived half an hour early.

解析: 根据语境可知提前半个小时到达,说明Mark本来不必 那么匆忙,所以用needn'thave done结构,表示“本来不必要做某事而实际上做了”,故答案为needn't have hurried。

巩固练习:

1. —I still haven't thanked Aunt Lucy forher present.

—It's time you ______( do) .

2. — I've told everyone about it.

—Oh,I'd rather you______( have) .

3. People are recycling many things whichthey______( throw) away in the past.

4. Yesterday,Jane walked away from thediscussion. Otherwise, she______( say )something she would regret later.

5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted thathe______ (be) badly wounded and that he______(operate) on at once.

6. I forget where I read the article,or I______(show) it to you now.

7. If Mr. Dewey______(be) present,hewould have offered any possible assistance to thepeople there.

8. We would rather our daughter______(stay) at home with us,but it is her choice,andshe is not a child any longer.

9.______he caught the morning train,he would not have been late for the meeting.

10. They were abroad during the monthswhen we were carrying out the investigation,or they______( come) to our help.

11. Mr. Li required the computer equipment referred to______(use) in every classroom.

12. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I______(do) it?

13. — What courses are you going to do nextterm?

—I don't know. But it's about time I______( decide) on something.

14. One of the requirements for the fire isthat the material______(heat) to its burning temperature.

15. Robert wishes that he______(study)business instead of history when he was in university.

16. My demand is that the information referred to in my report______( e-mail) to Mr.Brown without delay.

17. He was very busy yesterday,otherwise he______( come) to the meeting.

18. Without electricity, human life______( be) quite different today.

19. If he had not gone out in the storm,he______(be) alive now.

20. If only I______(know) how to operate an electronic computer as you do.

21. But for the Party,he______(die) ofhunger fifteen years ago.

22. I would have come earlier, but I______(know) that you were waiting for me.

23. The teacher agreed to the suggestion thatthe students______(give) two weeks to prepare for the exam.

24. Wang Lin,one of my friends,is verygood at English. He speaks English as if he______( be) an Englishman.

25. We______(lose) our lives,had it notbeen for the policeman.

26.______the captain been more careful,his ship would not have sunk.

27. Were it not for the snowy weather,we______( be) all right.

28. Had I known your address,I______( write) to you.

29. If it hadn't been for the doctor's care,I______( recover) so soon.

30. Sally couldn't have written to him,or he______(receive) her letter.

答案与解析:

1. did / should do。It's time ( that) 从句中应使用虚拟语气,从句中的谓语动词用过去时或should + 动词原形,不能用其他情态动词。

2. hadn't。would rather后面的从句应使用虚拟语气,此处用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。

3. would have thrown。句意为“人们正在回收利用他们过去本来会扔掉的东西。”表示与过去事实相 反的虚拟 应该使用would havedone。

4. might have said。连词otherwise暗示本句应用虚拟语气,表示对过去 的虚拟,应用“would /might + have done”。

5. was; ( should) be operated。第一空“他受伤很严重”是真实语气,动词用was; 第二空“他应该立刻 做手术”表示 虚拟语气,应用“should + 动词原形”,should可省略,此处表示被动,故用should be done。

6. would show。连词or暗示本句应用虚拟语气表示对现在的虚拟,主句中谓语动词应用“would /should + 动词原形”。

7. had been。根据主句中的would have offered可知与过去事实相反,故从句应使用过去完成时。

8. stayed。would rather后面的从句应使用虚拟语气。如果从句表示与现在或将来事实相反,应使用一般过去时; 如果表示与过去事实相反,应使用过去完成时。句意为“我们宁愿我们的女儿待在家里,但是这是她的选择,她已经不再是孩子了”。根据句意可知是与现在事实相反,所以使用一般过去时。

9. Had。本题实际上是一个省略了if的条件状语从句的虚拟语气,表示与过去事实相反。条件句中使用“过去完成时”,主句使用“情态动词 + have done”,当条件句中的if省略的时候,要把had提前形成部分倒装。

10. would have come。本题考查的是一个含蓄的虚拟条件句,句中的or相当于“if theyhad not gone abroad”。前面句中的谓语动词使用的是were,说明这个虚拟语气是与过去事实相反,所以主句中应使用“情态动词 + havedone”的形式。

11. ( should) be used。require是表示“要求,建议,命令”的动词,其后的宾语从句中应使用虚拟语气,谓语动词应用“( should) + 动词原形”。computer equipment应该是“被使用”,故使用被动语态形式。

12. had done。as if“似乎,好像”,其后面的从句有两种情况,如果是真实的事情,就使用陈述语气; 如果表示的是假的事情,就使用虚拟语气。与过去相反,使用“过去完成时”; 与将来相反,使用过去将来时; 与现在相反,使用一般过去时。根据前一句中的was可知打破玻璃是过去发生的事情,所以是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故使用过去完成时。

13. decided / should decide。在It is ( high /about) time ( that) 句型中应使用虚拟语气,从句中的谓语动词用过去时 ( be用were) 或“should + 动词原形”,其中的should不能省略。

14. ( should) be heated。requirement是表示“要求,建议,命令”的名词,其后的表语从句应该使用虚拟语气,谓语动词用“( should) + 动词原形”。根据意思表示“被加热”,应使用被动语态。

15. had studied。wish后的宾语从句中应使用虚拟语气,表示对过去的虚拟,故从句中应使用过去完成时。

16. ( should) be e-mailed。demand是表示“要求,建议,命令”的名词,其后的表语从句中应使用虚拟语气,谓语动词用“( should) + 动词原形”,根据句意可知应使用被动语态。

17. would have come。连词otherwise暗示本句应使用虚拟语气。根据句意可知表示对过去的虚拟,主句应用“would /should + 完成时”。

18. would be。without介词短语暗示本句应用虚拟语气。对现在的虚拟,主句应使用“would /should + 动词原形”。

19. would be。考查混合条件句的虚拟语气。条件状语从句中表示对过去的虚拟,主句表示对现在的虚拟,故主句中应使用“would /should + 动词原形”。

20. knew。在if only引导的感叹句中应使用虚拟语气,表示对现在的虚拟,谓语动词应用过去时。句意为“要是我能像你一样知道怎样操作电子计算机就好了。”

21. would have died。but for介词短语暗示本句应使用虚拟语气。表示对过去的虚拟,主句应使用“would /should + 完成时”。

22. didn't know。句意为: 我本来会早来一点的,但是我不知道你在等我。“不知道你在等我”是事实,故使用真实语气,表示当时不知道,用过去时。

23. ( should) be given。suggestion是表示“要求,建议,命令”的名词,在其后的同位语从句中应该 使用虚拟 语气,谓语动词 应用“( should) + 动词原形”。学生被给两周时间准备考试,故使用被动语态。

24. were。as if引导状语从句,此处表示虚拟语气。对现在的虚拟,用过去时,故be用were。

25. would have lost。had it not been for thepoliceman是省略if之后的倒装句式,表示的是对过去的虚拟,主句中表示对过去的虚拟应用“would /should + 完成时”。

26. Had。句意为: 要是船长更小心一些,他的船就不会沉了。这是一个含有省略if条件句的虚拟语气句。对过去的虚拟,在状语从句中应使用过去完成时,故填Had。

27. would be。前一句是省略if后的部分倒装句,表示对现在的虚拟。主句中表示对现在的虚拟应使用“would /should + 动词原形”。

28. would have written。句意为: 要是我知道你的地址,我早就给你写信了。前一句是省略if后的部分倒装句,表示对过去的虚拟。对过去的虚拟,主句应使用“would /should + 完成时”。

29. wouldn't have recovered。从句中的过去完成时暗示对过去的虚拟,主句应使用“would /should + 完成时”,根据句意可知应使用否定形式。

篇4：虚拟语气口诀与总结

【关键词】虚拟语气 语法教学 总结归纳 有效学习

虚拟语气指的是，所描述的动作或状态与客观事实相反，表示说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。该语法既是高中英语语法学习中的重点，又是一大难点，太多的规则使学生记起来困难，用起来容易出错，很多学生经常对它的用法感到困惑，理解不透。 因为在我们汉语中没有虚拟语气这一概念，所以当高中学生遇到这一语法点时，他们往往因为没有母语作为参照，在理解时存在或多或少的问题。作为一位中学英语教教师，如何帮助学生巧妙地突破这一难点，更有效地学习虚拟语气呢？笔者认为归纳总结法，可引导学生更好地构建虚拟语气知识体系。学习虚拟语气时，我们可以从两种不同的角度，把它划分为四个类型：常态虚拟语气（if虚拟语气） 、含蓄虚拟语气、混合式虚拟语气和各种特例虚拟语气。也可以概括总结为四个方面：即在名词性从句，形容词性从句，状语从句以及简单句中的应用。现在笔者从这两种不同的角度对该语法的应用进行逐一论述：

一、虚拟语气的四种类型

（一）三种常态或基本态虚拟语气：条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。

（二）混合式虚拟语气

A. 时间错综句：虚拟条件句中的从句与主句或上下文所表达的时间不一致。在这种情况下，就不可能照搬某种形式，而应该按照句中所表述的时间选择相应的虚拟形式。如：

①If I were you， I would have gone to the theater yesterday.

②If you had studied harder， you would pass the exam.

B. 虚实错综句：即句子一半为虚拟，另一半为陈述语气； but前句用虚拟而or/otherwise后句用虚拟） 。 换句话说，条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间如果不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整：

① She would have made progress in English last year， but she didn’tstudy hard.

②He is thin and eats little， otherwise he would put on some weight.

（三）含蓄虚拟语气：含蓄虚拟语气是指没有if，但用介词短语或连词引出一个虚拟条件。如：

①But for your help， I couldn’t have finished my homework in

time.

②Without water， we would die. Without knowledge， we would be foolish.

③With better equipment， we could have done it better. With much money， we would help the poor in the world.

（四）各种特例虚拟语气⊙should家族：在英语中表示一份（坚持） insist， 二道（命令）order， command， 三点建议suggest， propose， advise，和四项要求 demand， ask ，require， request 时，名词性从句中一般要用虚拟语气。其谓语动词的变化形式为should+v/v. A.由上类动词派生的常见名词有： advice、decision、demand、desire、order、requirement、suggestion等。B.相关的形容词或过去分词有： advisable、 desired、desirable） 、insistent、ordered、preferable、proposed、required、urgent等。 例如：①I advise that we stay and wait here. （宾语从句）②It is advised that we stay here. （ 主语从句）

二、虚拟语气用在四个方面

（一）在名词性从句中的应用： 在四类名词性从句中，该类谓语动词用should +v/v的虚拟语气形式。

（二）虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用

If he had seen you yesterday， he would have asked you about

it.

（三）虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用

It’s （high） time （that） we did our homework.

（四）虚拟语气在简单句中的使用

A. It would be better for you not to stay up too late.

B. 在一些习惯表达中。例如： I would rather not tell you.

C.用“may + v” ： May you be happy！

三、归纳虚拟标志，巧学虚拟语气

虚拟语气常常是由一些具有虚拟含义的词、短语或句子构成，它们可以变成是虚拟语气的标志，寻找句子中的虚拟标志，可以巧学虚拟语气。现将常见的虚拟标志总结如下：以非真实if条件状语从句为虚拟语气标志以even if/even though为虚拟标志以as if/as though为虚拟标志的表语从句或方式状语从句以wish引导的宾语从句为虚拟标志以表示建议、坚持、命令和请求的四种名词性从句为虚拟标志

篇5：高一英语情态动词与虚拟语气

选择题 1．A．can’t

． B．couldn’t

C．may not

D．might not ．

D．had been broken D．can’t;shouldn’t

2．A．breaks 3． B．has broken．C．were broken

．

A．won’t;can’tB．mustn’t;may C．shouldn’t;must

4．--Shall I tell John about it?

I’ve told him already． B．wouldn’t

C．mustn’t

D．shouldn’t

A．needn’t5．--Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?

．

B．would B．would

C．was going to

C．could

D．did get out． D．was able to

A．hadA．had to

6．7．--When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon．

--They________ be ready by 12:00． A．can

B．shouldC．mightD．need

8．Peter_______ come with me tonight, but he’s not sure yet．

A．mustB．mayC．canD．will 9．--Will you stay for lunch?

--Sorry,________．My brother is coming to see me． A．I mustn’t

B．I can’t

C．I needn’t

D．I won’t

10．--Are you coming to Jeff’s party?

--I’m not sure．I_______ go to the concert instead． A．must

B．would

C．should

D．might

11．The two strangers talked as if they _______ friends for years．

—1—

A．should be

--Of course． B．would beC．have beenD．had been 12．--The room is so dirty, ________we clean it?

A．WillB．Shall

A．needn’tC．WouldD．Do 13．Michael_______ be a policeman, for he’s much too short． B．can’tC．shouldD．may

14．--Could I call you by your first name?

--Yes, you________．

A．willB．could

license________ take an eye test．

A．canB．mustC．wouldD．may

D．should C．mayD．might 15．According to the local regulations, anyone who intends to get a driver’s 16．I should have been there, but I ______not find the time． A．wouldB．couldC．might

17．--Write to me when you get home．--_______．

D．I can A．I mustB．I shouldC．I will

ceremony? 18．Mr Bush is on time for everything．How ________it be that he was late for the opening

A．canB．shouldC．mayD．must

19．You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman_______be so rude to a lady.A．mightB．needC．shouldD．would

20．--I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins．_________I have a look?--Yes, certainly．

A．DoB．MayC．ShallD．Should

21．--Is John coming by train?

--He should, but he________not．He likes driving his car．

A．mustB．canC．need

papers have been collected．

—2— D．may 22．It has been announced that candidates_________remain in their seats until all the

A．canB．willC．mayD．shall

23．Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter_______ go and do the opposite!

A．mayB．canC．mustD．should

24．--I hear they went skiing in the mountains last winter．

--It_______ true because there was little snow there．

A．may not beB．won’t beC．couldn’t beD．mustn’t be

25．A left-luggage office is a place where bags__________ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station．

A．shouldB．canC．mustD．will

26．How_________ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?

A．canB．mustC．needD．may

27．--Who is the girl standing over there?

--Well, if you______ know, her name is Mabel．

A．mayB．canC．mustD．shall

28．“The interest_________ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge．

A．mayB．shouldC．mustD．shall

29．--I don’t mind telling you what I know．

--You_________.I’m not asking you for it．

A．mustn’tB．may notC．can’tD．needn’t

30．I________ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday．

A．shouldB．mightC．wouldD．could

31．I often see lights in that empty house．Do you think I_______ report it to the police?

A．shouldB．mayC．willD．can

32．--Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report．

--You________ have my computer if you don’t take care of it．

A．shan’tB．might notC．needn’tD．shouldn’t

33．--Excuse me ．Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?

—3—

--Sorry, I am not sure．But it________be．

A．mightB．willC．mustD．can

34．--Mum , I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock．_________ I go out and play with Tom for a while.--No, I’m afraid not ．Besides , it’s raining outside now ．

A．Can’tB．Wouldn’tC．May notD．Won’t

35．Children under 12 years of age in that country________be under adult supervision when in a public library．

A．mustB．mayC．canD．need

36．--Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?

--No, it__________be him--I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses．

A．can’tB．must notC．won’tD．may not

37．You ________ be tired--you’ve only been working for an hour．

A．must notB．won ’t beC．can’tD．may not

38．--Tom graduated from college at a very young age．

--Oh, he________have been a very smart boy then．

A．couldB．shouldC．mightD．must

39．You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture．

A．mustB．shallC．mayD．need

40．Tom, you___________leave all your clothes on the floor like this!

A．wouldn’tB．mustn’tC．needn’tD．may not

D．Need 41．John, look at the time．___________you play the piano at such a late hour?A．MustB．CanC．May

it________ be very slow．

A．shouldB．mustC．willD．can 42．The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because

43．--Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary．

--She_________．I’ve already borrowed one．

—4—

A．can’tB．mustn’tC．needn’tD．shouldn’t

44．--I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake．

--It_______Harry’s．He always wears green．

A．has to be

A．can’tB．will beC．mustn’t beD．could be 45．You know he is not going to let us leave early if we_______get the work done． B．may notC．shouldn’tD．mustn’t

46．--What’s the name?

--Khulaifi．________I spell that for you?

A．Shall

A．can’tB．WouldC．CanD．Might 47．There’s no light on--they_______be at home． B．mustn’tC．needn’tD．shouldn’t

48．--Mr Gordon asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon．Don’t you forget it!

--OK, I_________．

A．won’tB．don’tC．willD．do

49．--Is Jack on duty today?

--It_________be him．It’s his turn tomorrow．

A．mustn’tB．won’tC．can’tD．needn’t

50．--I think I’11 give Bob a ring．

--You________．You haven’t been in touch with him for ages．

A．will

A．needB．mayB．mustC．have toC．shouldD．shouldD．can 51．We hope that as many people as possible_________join us for the picnic tomorrow．

52．Some aspects of a pilot’s job________be boring, and pilots often___________work at inconvenient hours．

A．can;have to

C．have to;may

53．--May I smoke here?

--If you________, choose a seat in the smoking section．

—5—B．may;can D．ought to;must

A．should

A．can

tough task．B．couldC．mayD．must 54．--Could I have a word with you, mum?B．must--Oh dear, if you______． C．mayD．should 55．Black holes ________ not be seen directly,so determining the number of them is a

A．canB．shouldC．mustD．need

56．--How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?

--It_________be, but it is now heavily polluted．

A．willB．wouldC．shouldD．must

57．In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you_______take care of your luggage．

A．canB．mayC．mustD．will

58．My MP4 player isn’t in my bag．Where _________ I have put it?

A．canB．mustC．shouldD．would

59．As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area________．

A．need repairing

C．needs repairingB．needs to repairD．need to repair

60．The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we________go to work tomorrow．

A．can’tB．mustn’tC．needn’tD．shouldn’t

61．-What does the sign over there read?

--“No person_______smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area．”

A．willB．mayC．shallD．must

62．--What do you think we can do for our aged parents?

--You___________do anything except to be with them and be yourself．

A．don’t have toB．oughtn’t toC．mustn’tD．can’t

63．--Turn off the TV, Jack．_________your homework now?

--Mum, just ten more minutes, please．

A．Should you be doing

B．Shouldn’t you be doing D．Will you be doing C．Couldn’t you be doing

篇6：虚拟语气口诀与总结

虚拟语气用在 even if, even though, whatever引导的状语从句中，从句谓语可参照由if引导的.虚拟条件从句的谓语，一般用过去时或过去完成时。例如：

This old machine runs as if it were a new one.

The old worker works as though he were a young man.

Even though she had been here very soon, she would not catch the train.

Example:

He has just arrived, but he talks as if he ______ all about that.

a. know    b. knows   c. known    d. knew

I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything.

a. knew    b. knows   c. has known   d. had known

______ I used a lot of examples I still could not get my idea across.

a. Since   b. But that    c. Now that    d. Even though

2.        虚拟语气用在so that, lest （唯恐）, in case （万一）, unless, in order that（为了，以便）, that（为了，以至于）, for fear that （生怕，以免）, on condition that （如果）等引导的目的，条件状语从句中，从句谓语 may 或 might+原形动词，也有用 should, can, could+原形动词构成的。例如：

The teacher explained the law once more in order that we might understand it better.

Some people eat so that they may live. Others seem to live in order that they may eat.

一些人吃是为了生存，而另一些人似乎是活着就是为了吃。

I left him a note with my address on for fear that he should not know where to see me.

The heroes gave their lives that we might live a happy life.

为了我们过上幸福生活，英雄们献出了自己的生命。

Example:

In case I ______, I would try again.

a. will fail   b. would miss   c. should fail     d. shall miss

You should exercise vigilance _____ you should be killed.

a. so that   b. lest   c. therefore   d. that

3.        虚拟语气用在由 “whether” 引导的让步状语从句中，从句谓语用原形动词。例如：

All engines work on this principle, whether they be large or small.

所有发动机都按这一原理工作，无论它们是大还是小。

We must finish the work before we go home, whether it be early or late.

无论时间早晚，我们必须在回家前干完工作。

All matter, whether it be gas, liquid or solid, is made up of atoms.

所有物质，不论是气体，液体，或固体，都是由原子构成。

在此句型中，可省去 whether ，而将be放在主语前。例如：

Be it so, we must continue to do the test.

We must do our best to fulfil the task, be it ever so hard.

Example:

______ I’ll marry him all the same.

a. Were he rich or poor   b. Be he rich or poor

c. Whether rich or poor   d. Being rich or poor

EXERCISE

1.       ______, I must do another experiment.

a. It is ever so late      b. Ever so late it

c. Be it ever so late     d. Whether be it ever so late

2.       The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest it ______ on the way.

a. goes wrong   b. would go wrong  c. went wrong  d. should go wrong

3.       Machines are often oiled so that they ______ well.

a. ran  b. runs   c. should run   d. running

4.       Even if he ______ very busy, he would have kept on learning English.

a. had been   b. was    c. were   d. had being

5.       Supposing the weather ______ bad, where would you go?

a. is   b. will be   c. was   d. were

6.       ______, he could not succeed.

a. However, he tried that    b. He tried however hard

c. However he could try    d. However hard he tried

7.       Even though the enemy ______ wings, they couldn’t escape from our encirclement.

a. had   b. had had  c. have   d. has

8.       She described the accident as if she ______ it herself.

a. saw  b. has seen   c. had seen  d. sees

9.       He came to meet us at the station for fear that we ______ the wrong way.

a. take  b. should take   c. took    d. had taken

10.   The car looked very dirty, as though it ______ hundreds of miles.

a. run  b. runs   c. has run   d. had run

11.   The teacher spoke slowly in order that we ______ no difficulty in following him.

a. should have  b. had   c. will have    d. didn’t have

12.   All magnets behave the same, ______ they large or small.

a. how   b. are   c. be   d. were

13.   At the beginning he didn’t want to speak English lest he  _____ mistakes.

a. will make   b. should make   c. would make   d. can

14.   I remember the whole thing as if it ______ yesterday.

a. happen  b. happens   c. happened  d. happening

15.   She stayed at home for a few days so that she _____ her mother.

a. takes care of   b. took care of   c. might took care of   d. might take care of

16.   She took up the meter with care for fear that it _____ .

a. is damaged   b. to be damaged  c. should be damaged  d. was damaged

17.   In many cases the heating effect is neglected as if there ______ no flow of current along the wire.

a. are   b. were    c. is    d. being

18.   I’ll put the money on the table just in case you ______ it.

a. might need   b. would need   c. needed  d. may have needed

19.   Providing you ______ the opportunity to go abroad, which country would you want to visit first?

a. have   b. will have   c. had    d. have had

20.   The business of each day, ______ selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.

a. it being  b. was it   c. it was   d. be it

★ 虚拟语气语法

★ 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)

★ 诗句中的雨

★ 真实承诺书

★ 有关日记真实

★ 真实 作文

★ 感叹句中what后面加什么how后面加什么

★ SELECT语句中*号的作用

★ 在语文诗句中的物理现象