初中过去完成时课后题

2024-05-19

初中过去完成时课后题(通用8篇)

篇1:初中过去完成时课后题

过去完成时是初中英语的重点知识点,以下是小编收集的课后习题,仅供大家阅读参考!

过去完成时综合例题解析:

1--What are Mr and Mrs Black doing ?

---They _____ tea in the garden.A.are drinking B.drank C.have drunk D.drink

2.My mother often asks me _____early.A.get up B.got up C.getting up D.to get up

3.Soon Wu Dong ____ up with Li Lei, then they were neck and neck.A.taught B.caught C.bought D.brought

4.The car ____and stopped at the red traffic light.A.got on B.got off C.slowed down D.picked up

5.Tom ____ the CD player for two weeks.A.has lent B.has borrowed C.has bought D.has had

6.---Do you know ______?

---Sorry, but if he _____ back, I ____ you know as soon as possible.A.when will he be back, comes, will let B.when he will be back, will come, will let

C.what time will he be back, will come, let D.what time he will be back, comes, will let

7.We ____ to the park if it is fine tomorrow.A.will go B.have gone C.go

8.A new shoe factory will ______ in this part of the city.A.be building B.be built C.build

9.---______ all your things, Tom!I hate them here and there.---Ok, Mom.A.Put up B.Put on C.Put down D.Put away

10.---How about going hiking this weekend?

---Sorry, I prefer ____ rather than _____.A.to stay at home, go out B.to go out, stay at home

C.staying at home, go out D.going out, stay at home

解析:

1.根据问句的时态现在进行时,答句时态要一致,故选答案: A

2.根据句中的谓语动词ask的固定搭配 ask sb to do sth.故答案:D

3.根据第一句的固定动词词组 catch up with sb 及第二句的过去时态,故选答案: B

4.此题主要考查四个动词词组的掌握.根据后半句在红灯时停下来,故选答案: C

5.此题主要考查现在完成时的延续和非延续动词,根据for two weeks 时间短语。故选答案: C

6.此题主要考查宾语丛句和状语丛句的习惯用法。第一句是特殊疑问句的宾语丛句,要用陈述句语序。第二句是if 条件句。丛句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。故选答案:B

7.此题考查if 条件句的主句时态,要用一般将来时,故选答案; A

8.此题考查语态。根据全句的意思,使用被动语态。故选答案: B

9.此题考查四个动词词组put up ,张贴,举起;put on 穿上,上演; put away 把---收拾好。根据后半句“我讨厌到处乱放”,故选答案: D

10.此题主要考查一个固定词组:prefer to do sth rather than do sth.故选答案:C.过去完成时例题解析:

1.He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijing.A.studied, had gone B.had studied, went

C.has studied, goes D.had studied, had gone

解析:“他去北京之前在上大学学习了4年 ”。在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前,因此第一个空应用过去完成时。此题选B。

2.Mary said it was at least five years since he ______ a good drink.A.enjoyed B.was enjoying C.had enjoyed D.would enjoy

解析:It was + 时间段+since 引导的从句中用过去完成时。应选C。

3.Xiao Pei said she ______ Hainan for 3 months.A.has been in B.had been in C.had been to D.had gone to

解析:“小培说她去了海南三个月 ”。have been to 和have gone to 都是短暂性的动词短语。所以适应表示状态的have been in.应选B.

篇2:初中过去完成时课后题

---They _____ tea in the garden.

A. are drinking B. drank C. have drunk D. drink

2. My mother often asks me _____early .

A. get up B. got up C. getting up D. to get up

3. Soon Wu Dong ____ up with Li Lei, then they were neck and neck.

A. taught B. caught C. bought D. brought

4. The car ____and stopped at the red traffic light.

A. got on B. got off C. slowed down D. picked up

5. Tom ____ the CD player for two weeks.

A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had

6. ---Do you know ______?

---Sorry, but if he _____ back, I ____ you know as soon as possible.

A. when will he be back, comes, will let B. when he will be back, will come, will let

C. what time will he be back, will come, let D. what time he will be back, comes, will let

7. We ____ to the park if it is fine tomorrow.

A. will go B. have gone C. go

8. A new shoe factory will ______ in this part of the city.

A. be building B. be built C. build

9. ---______ all your things, Tom! I hate them here and there.

---Ok, Mom.

A. Put up B. Put on C. Put down D. Put away

10. --- How about going hiking this weekend?

--- Sorry, I prefer ____ rather than _____.

A. to stay at home, go out B. to go out, stay at home

C. staying at home, go out D. going out, stay at home

解析:

1.根据问句的时态现在进行时,答句时态要一致,故选答案: A

2.根据句中的谓语动词ask的固定搭配 ask sb to do sth. 故答案:D

3.根据第一句的固定动词词组 catch up with sb 及第二句的过去时态,故选答案: B

4.此题主要考查四个动词词组的掌握.根据后半句在红灯时停下来,故选答案: C

5.此题主要考查现在完成时的.延续和非延续动词,根据for two weeks 时间短语。故选答案: C

6.此题主要考查宾语丛句和状语丛句的习惯用法。第一句是特殊疑问句的宾语丛句,要用陈述句语序。第二句是if 条件句。丛句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。故选答案:B

7.此题考查if 条件句的主句时态,要用一般将来时,故选答案; A

8.此题考查语态。根据全句的意思,使用被动语态。故选答案: B

9.此题考查四个动词词组put up ,张贴,举起; put on 穿上,上演; put away 把---收拾好。 根据后半句“我讨厌到处乱放”, 故选答案: D

篇3:初中过去完成时课后题

一、基本用法

1. 一般过去时的基本用法

一般过去时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时发生或存在并在过去某时结束, 与现在没有关系, 如:

(1) He turned off the light an hour ago.

“关灯”发生并结束在“一小时”前, “与现在没有关系”的含义为现在灯是否处于关闭状态不得而知, 也许处于关闭状态, 也许是开着的, 因此只强调过去发生并完成的动作。

2. 现在完成时的基本用法

注:横实线表示动作或状态发生或存在的区间;虚线1表示与现在有关系, 即过去已结束的动作或状态对现在有影响;虚线2表示动作或状态还可能继续发生或存在。

现在完成时分为“已完成”和“未完成”两个主要用法, 前者指某一动作或状态在过去某时发生或存在并在过去某时结束, 与现在有关系, 而后者是指某一动作或状态在过去某时发生或存在, 持续到现在, 可能继续下去, 也可能刚刚结束, 如:

(2) He’s turned off the light. (已完成用法)

与例 (1) 的区别在于“与现在有关系”, 虽“关灯”动作在过去某时瞬间完成, 但关闭的状态持续到现在, 即还处于关闭状态, 除了陈述过去发生或存在的动作或状态外, 还强调现在的结果。 (3) He has written ten letters up to now. (未完成用法)

“写信”这一动作开始于过去, 但在说话前已结束。

(4) She has been a customs officer since she came here. (未完成用法)

从她过去某时刻来到这儿起, 一直持续到现在, 一直是一位海关官员, 并有可能一直如此。

二、三条基本原则

1. 基本原则一

该动作或状态是否还有继续发生或存在的可能?有, 使用现在完成时;没有, 使用一般过去时, 如:

(5) He died last year and he wrote a lot of novels.

“写小说”这一动作止于去年, 而且不再继续发生, 因为他已于去年去世了。

(6) He is a freelance writer and he has written a lot of novels.

“写小说”这一动作持续到现在, 而且有可能继续发生, 因为他还活着。

2. 基本原则二

该动作或状态是否对现在有影响?有, 过去的动作或状态对现在产生“顺理成章”的结果或影响, 使用现在完成时;没有, 使用一般过去时, 如:

(7) I_the book and I can tell you what it is about.

A.readB.will readC.have readD.am reading

(8) I_the book and I am sorry not to be able to tell you what it is about.

A.readB.will readC.have readD.am reading

如果使用基本原则一选择答案, 可能有些困难, 因为“读书”这一动作还可能继续发生, 因此要得出答案就得使用基本原则二。如果“读书”这一动作对现在有影响, 即读书之人知晓或能讲出书中内容, 使用现在完成时, 而例 (7) 中的“I can tell you what it is about” (我能说出这本书的内容) 表明“读书”这一动作对现在产生的影响, 故答案为C。如果“读书”之事对现在没有影响, 即读书之人说不出书的内容, 使用一般过去时, 而例 (8) 中的“I am sorry not to be able to tellyou what it is about” (抱歉不能告诉你书的内容) 表明“读书”这一动作对现在没有影响, 故答案为A。

3. 基本原则三

写作者是否关注该动作或状态所产生的影响?是, 既关注过去发生之事又关注该动作或状态对现在的影响, 使用现在完成时;否, 只关注过去发生之事不关注该动作或状态对现在的影响, 使用一般过去时, 如:

(9) He_here in 1979.

A.livesB.livedC.has livedD.had lived

句中的in 1979是一个典型的过去时间, 只涉及过去, 因此答案应为B。又如:

(10) He_here for five years.

A.livesB.livedC.has livedD.had lived

如果使用基本原则一, 我们难以判定答案为B或是C, 因为“他在这里居住”的动作完全可能继续发生, 也完全可能不会发生;如果使用基本原则二, 我们也难以找到答案, 因为题干没有任何信息能告诉我们他是否熟悉这里, 也就是说, 如果我们假定他熟悉这里的情况, 则答案为C, 如果我们假设他在这里居住之事已经结束了很多年, 对这里的情况已说不清了, 答案则为B, 那么就只能使用基本原则三。如果我们既关注“居住五年”这一事实又关注“居住五年”这一动作所产生的影响, 使用现在完成时, 答案为C;如果我们只关注“居住五年”之事不关注此事的结果, 使用一般过去时, 答案为B。如:

(11) A:I am sorry to say the room is not clean now.

B:It is not my fault.I_the room.

A.cleanB.cleanedC.have cleanedD.had cleaned

(12) A:I am happy to say the room is clean.

B:Thanks!It is I who_the room.

A.cleanB.cleanedC.have cleanedD.had cleaned

(13) I have bought a book.

(14) I bought a book.

(15) He has taught English at this school for five years.

(16) He taught English at this school for five years.

(17) He has been ill.

(18) He was ill.

(19) I was a student.

(20) I have been a student.

篇4:初识过去完成时

过去完成时用来表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的行为或存在的状态。

二、 过去完成时的构成

过去完成时由“助动词had(无人称和数的变化)+过去分词”构成。其否定句式和疑问句式在结构上与现在完成时一样。现以write为例,将过去完成时的肯定句、否定句和疑问句及其简略答语列表如下:

三、 过去完成时的用法

1. 表示在过去某一时间之前(也称为“过去的过去”)已经发生或完成了的动作。常与“by/ before+过去的某一时间”构成的短语连用。例如:

By six o’clock they had worked twelve hours.

到6点钟时他们已经工作了12个小时。

He had finished the picture before dawn yesterday.

昨天天亮之前他已经完成了那幅画。

He had got up before six o’clock yesterday morning.

昨天早上6点以前他就起床了。

By the end of the match, they had kicked two goals and we had kicked five.

到比赛结束时,他们踢进了2个球,而我们踢进了5个。

2. 表示在过去某一动作之前就已经发生或完成了的动作。常用when, before, after等连词引导的从句作为动作发生的时间(这三个从属连词在用于表示两个先后发生的事情时,往往可以互换使用),或者通过上下文表示。例如:

When I reached the station, the train had already left.

The train had left before I reached the station.

I reached the station after the train had left.

当我赶到火车站时,火车已经开走了。

When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.

当我来到电影院时,电影已经开始了。

After he had finished his own work, he went to help the others.(从句动作发生在主句动作之前,所以从句用过去完成时。)

他做完了自己的工作后就去帮助其他人。

He did what we had told him.

他照我们所说的做了。

He arrived before I had finished my lunch.

篇5:初中过去完成时课后题

摘要:现在完成时和过去完成时在初中英语学习过程中,学生普遍感到较难掌握。因为现在完成时虽然动作发生在过去但重点强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的结果和影响。重点是现在,现在完成时是现在时态不能和过去时间状语连用。但是过去完成时确能和过去时间状语连用,有时学生又和一般过去时混淆,因此,在复习时要理清他们的概念,找出他们的相同点和不同点进行归纳、比较、总结。让学生掌握他们的用法并能运用。为以后学习打下坚实的基础。

关键词:理清概念、分析对比、归纳总结、掌握运用。

时态是英语学习的主要语法项目之一。在我们初中英语学习的八种时态中,比较起来完成时(现在完成时和过去完成时)对学生来说较难掌握。下面我们找出他们的相同点和不同点进行归纳、比较、总结。

一、理清现在完成时和过去完成时的概念。

现在完成时是表示动作发生在过去,但与现在有关,即用一个过去发生的动作来说明现在的情况或状态。现在完成时是现在时态不能和过去时间状语连用。

过去完成时是表示动作发生在过去,但与过去的另一点有关,即用一个过去发生的动作来说明过去另一点的情况或状态。过去完成时是过去时态,可以和过去时间状语连用。

从概念上可以看请现在完成时和过去完成时干区别就在于他们的截止时间不同,其余的用法基本一样。因此,学生只要掌握了现在完成时的用法,弄清他们的截止时间,那么过去完成时的用法也就掌握了

二、现在完成时的用法和过去完成时的用法。

现在完成时的用法一般有两种:

A、现在完成时是表示到现在(或说话时)为止,已经完成或刚刚完成的动作,通常和汉语“了”、“过”、“已经”连用。(但是带“了”、“过”、“已经”的句子不一定都用完成时,)例如:

1、他们建起了很多新房子。They have built mang new houses.2、那本书他看过两遍了。He has read the book twice.3、我们已经学了将近一千个英语单词。

We have already learned about 1,000 English words.过去完成时同样也有两种用法。

A:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或刚刚完成的动作,也通常 和汉语“了”、“过”、“已经”连用。和现在完成时的区别就是截止时间不同,现在完成时的截止点是现在,过去完成时是过去,它所表示的时间就是“过去的过去”。要想用过去完成时,关键得有过去某一时间或动作来参照,找到作为参照的过去某一时间或动作,过去完成时的用法就和现在完成时的用法一样了。表示过去某一时间或动作一般有下列几种方式表示:

a: 通过介词by、at、before。例如:

1、到上周末他们已经学完了第十八课。

They had finished learning Lesson 18 by the end of last week.2、老王在二十岁时就入党了。

Lao Wang had joined the Party at the age of twenty.3、我们在昨天早上八点之前就到那里了。

We had got there before 8 yesterday morning.b: 通过上下文(或含有宾语从句)中主句的谓语动词。例如:

老师问他们是不是把书还给图书馆了。

The teacher asked if they had returned the books to the library.c: 通过含有状语从句复合句中的谓语动词。例如:

1、老师进来时,我们已经做完作业了。

We had finished our homework when the teacher came in.2、他吃过药后,感觉好多了。

He felt much better after he had taken the medicine.现在完成时和过去完成时的第二种用法也可通过比较复习。

B: 现在完成时还可表示动作发生在过去,一直延续到现在,到现在可能结束,也可能继续延续下去,常和for或since引导的短语或从句连用。例如:

1、汤姆在这个工厂工作十年了。

Tom has worked in this factory for ten years.2、他们自两年前就搬到英国了。

They have moved to England since two years ago.3、张华自出生以来就住在这个城市。

ZhangHua has lived in the city since he was born.过去完成时的第二种用法除了截止时间和现在完成时用法相同。B: 过去完成时也可表示动作发生在过去,一直延续到过去的另一点,到这一点可能结束,也可能继续延续下去,常和for或since引导的短语或从句连用。表示过去另一点时间或动作的方法和第一种用法相同。例如: 1.、到去年底他们在这条街上住了二十多年了。

They had lived in this street for over twenty years by the end of last year.2、他说自从1989年就在这个学校教书。

He said he had taught in the school since 1989.3、我醒来时,芳芳已经读了半个小时的英语了。

When I woke up , FangFang had read English for half an hour.在讲清现在完成时和过去完成时的用法后,还要提醒学生注意两点。一:短暂性动词和延续性动词。

在现在完成时和过去完成时的第二种用法中,由于for和since引导的短语或从句实际上表示的时间都是一段时间,因此,这就要求句子动词必须要用延续性动词,不能用瞬间动词。这一点与汉语不同,好多学生受汉语影响,对这点不太了解,在翻译句子时就根据汉语直接翻译。如:他父亲死两年了。译为:His father has died for two years 这样翻译虽然从语法上没有错误,但是实际上是不对的,因为die是瞬间动作,如果这样翻译它的意思就是:他父亲死的动作就需要两年,显然是不成立的。我们汉语说,他父亲死了两年了,意思是他父亲不在人世间两年了,也就是说处于死的状态两年了,译为英语应为:He father has been dead for two years.再如:王飞那本书买了三个月啦。也不能译为;Wang Fei has bought the book for three months.而应译为;Wang Fei has had the book for three months.如果要用瞬间动词,句子必须用过去时,译为;His father died two years ago.Wang Fei bought the book three months ago.或:It is two years since his father died.It is three months since Wang Fei bought the book.同时还要向学生说明否定句不存在这一问题,如可以说:I have not seen him for a few years.二:现在完成时和一般过去式的区别。

很多学生对现在完成时和一般过去式有时也容易混淆,因为它们的动作都是发生在过去,为什么现在完成时是现在时态不能和过去时间状语连用。而过去时可以和过去时间状语连用,这是因为一般过去时只是说明过去发生的事,着重说明这件事已经过去,与现在没有关系。而现在完成时所表达的事情虽然也发生在过去,但着重说明过去发生的事留存在目前的结果或影响,重点是现在。试比较: He has opened the door.(着重强调现在门是开着的。)

He opened the door.(着重强调开门这个动作是过去发生的,与现在没有关系,现在不知道门是开还是关。)

如果在复习时把这几个问题让学生掌握,那么现在完成时和过去完成时学生运用起来也就容易了。参考文献

《英语语法手册》

篇6:过去完成时课件

过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去( past-in-the-past )”。

----|--------------------------|-------------------------------|---------------------------->

那时以前 那时 现在

二、构成

过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成,其中 had 通用于各种人称。

例如:

They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.

他们来宾馆之前就已经吃过饭了。

He didn’t go to bed until he had finished he work.

他直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。

三、用法

1.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,即发生在“过去的过去”。

例如:

When I woke up, it had stopped raining.

我醒来时,雨已经停了。(主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”)

He had left when I arrived. 当我到达时他已经离开。

2.过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示的是“过去的过去”,只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。

例如:

She told me that she had written a new novel.

她告诉我她已经写好一本小说了。(had written 发生在 told 之前 )

I found the watch which I had lost. 我找到了我丢失的表。

3.过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用,它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already,yet,still,just,before,never 等时间副词及 by,before,until 等引导的短语或从句连用。

例如:

Before she came to China, Amy had taught English in a middle school for about five years.

艾米来中国之前,在一所中学已经教了五年英语。

Tom had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was seven.

汤姆在七岁时已经集了300多张中国邮票。

4.过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始,一直延续到这一过去时间,而且动作尚未结束,仍然有继续下去的可能。

例如:

By the end of last year, my father had worked in the factory for twenty years.

去年年底时,爸爸已经在工厂工作二十年了。( had worked 已有了 20 年,还有继续进行下去的可能)

By six o’clock he had worked eleven hours. 到6点钟时他就已经工作了11小时。

5.动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等。

例如:

I had wanted to help but could not get there in time.

我本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里。

They had hoped to be able to come and see you.

他们本来希望能来看看你。

6.过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)…等固定句型中。

例如:

Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him.

他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。

No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.

他刚到就又走了。

It was the third time that she had been out of work that year.

这是她那一年第三次失业了。

篇7:英语过去完成时用法小结

过去完成时用法小结

一、过去完成时适用场合1.过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示,也可以暗含在上下文中。

I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。

The play had already started when we got to the theatre.我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients.到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。

2.过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去,常与for,since等词连用。如:

He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year.他在部队干了十年,去年退役了。

He told me that he had known her since he was a child.他告诉我他从小就认识她。

He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study.他在去英国深造前,已学了八年英语。

3.在一段情景连贯的文字中,先发生的事放在后面叙述时,要用过去完成时。如:

Tom flew home, but his father had already died.汤姆乘飞机回家,他的父亲却已经去世了。

4.过去完成时也用于hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。

He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him.他刚离开房间,他们就议论起他来。

We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.我们刚开始就被叫停。

It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话,这是第一次。

二、过去完成时与一般过去时的比较

1.当一个由before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时,两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。

We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.做完早操后,我们吃早饭。

The train started to move just before he reached the platform.他到月台时火车刚开走。They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields.他们一到地里就开始耕地。

2.按时间顺序叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作时,用一般过去时。

He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table.他走进屋子,打开灯,坐在桌子旁。

3.在表示某人过去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“计划”、“想法”、“许诺”等时,hope, mean, plan, think, intend等谓语动词常用过去完成时。

I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train.我本来希望昨晚回来的,但没搭上火车。

We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go.我们本想早回来的,但他们不让我们走。

4.在表示过去的句子中出现常与完成时态连用的词,如:already,yet,since,for,ever,中招英语

never及次数名词等时,常用过去完成时来表示。

When we got there the basketball match had already started.我们到那里时,篮球赛已经开始了。

The old man said that he wanted to go where he had never been.老人说他想到他从未去过的地方去。

5.如果句中出现了表示具体的过去时间的状语,句子的内容为过去的实际情况或句子的内容为历史事实时,句中的动词时态常用一般过去时。如:

The teacher said that it was Columbus who first discovered the American continent.老师说是哥伦布最早发现了美洲大陆。

6.表述说话人始料未及的事情时,句子的谓语动词常用一般过去时。由于受汉语表述习惯的影响,常会用错时态。

Jack, you are also here!I didn’t see you.杰克,你也在这啊!我没有看见你。

随讲随练

1.John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _____ for the wedding.[2006年全国II卷]

A.will planB.has plannedC.would planD.had planned

2.I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I ______ to half a dozen other groups.[2006年湖南卷]

A.was givingB.am givingC.had givenD.have given

3.Father for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him.[2005年福建卷]

A.has leftB.leftC.was leavingD.had left

4.She ______ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.[2004年重庆卷]

A.would changeB.has changedC.changedD.was changing

5.He ______ to spend the important day with us last Sunday, but he was too busy then.A.hopedB.has hopedC.had hopedD.would hoped

6.When the old man ______ to walk back to his house, the sun ______ itself behind the mountain.[2005年湖北卷]

A.started;had already hidden

B.had started;had already hidden

C.had started;was hiding

D.was starting;hid

7.Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ______ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.[2004年江苏卷]

A.beginB.beganC.have begunD.had begun

8.— Oh, is that you, Bob?

— Err...yes.Ah, you’re Mary.Sorry I _____ you.We haven’t seen each other for ten years, have we?

A.didn’t recognizeB.hadn’t recognized

C.haven’t recognizedD.don’t recognize

篇8:“点击”过去完成时

过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去(past-in-the-past)”。如图:

过去时间(动作) 过去时间(动作) 现在时间(动作)

(用过去完成时) (用一般过去时) (用现在时)

过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成,其中had通用于各种人称。例如:

They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.

She had finished writing the composition by 10:00 this morning.

二、过去完成时的判定方法

1. 由时间状语来判定。

一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:

(1) by + 过去的时间点。例如:

I had finished reading the novel by nine o’clock last night.

(2) by the end of + 过去的时间点。例如:

We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.

(3) before + 过去的时间点。例如:

They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.

2. 由主、从句谓语动词所表示的动作发生的先后来判定。

过去完成时表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在:

(1) 宾语从句中

当主句为一般过去时,且宾语从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。例如:

She said that she had seen the film before.

(2) 状语从句中

在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。例如:

When I got to the station, the train had already left.

After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.

注意:在before, after引导的时间状语从句中,由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。例如:

Where did you study before you came here?

After he closed the door, he left the classroom.

3. 根据上、下文来判定。

I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn’t seen each other since he went to Beijing.

三、过去完成时的主要用法

1.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,即发生在“过去的过去”。 例如:

When I woke up, it had stopped raining.

我醒来时,雨已经停了。(主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”)

2. 过去完成时表示的是一个相对的状态,表示的是“过去的过去”,只有和过去的某一时间或某一动作比较时才使用它。例如:

He told me that he had written a new book.(“had written”发生在“told”之前)

3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用,它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already, yet, still, just, before, never等副词及by, before, until等引导的短语或从句连用。例如:

Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.

Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.

4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始,一直延续到这一过去时间,而且动作尚未结束,仍然有继续下去的可能。例如:

By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.(“had worked”表示已工作了20年,还有继续工作下去的可能)

四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别

现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词have(has) + 过去分词” ;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,它表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作比较时,才用到它。试比较:

I have learned 1000 English words so far. (“学习”的动作从过去一直持续到现在)

I had learned 1000 English words till then. (“学习”的动作从那时以前一直持续到那时)

—I’m sorry to keep you waiting.

—Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. (“呆”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在)

—John returned home yesterday.

—Where had he been?(答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在“returned home”之前去了哪儿,即“过去的过去”)

五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别

虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点:

1. 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较:

They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.

They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.

2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断:先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。例如:

She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first prize in the composition competition.

3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在before, after, as soon as引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用一般过去时来代替过去完成时。例如:

He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.

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