第一篇：乌山导游词范文
乌山板块综合改造工程
国有土地上房屋拆迁计划和拆迁方案
根据市委市政府对乌山板块改造工程实施工作的部署和要求，决定对乌山板块金山路以西，南二环线以南转角地块共83户进行模拟拆迁。慈溪市建设投资集团有限公司在完成调查摸底等工作的基础上，结合本地块的实际情况，秉着依法拆迁和公开、公平、公正的原则，制定本实施方案。
一、房屋拆迁安置和补偿依据
参照景观大道综合改造工程实施的国有土地上房屋拆迁安置补偿的方案作为依据。
二、拆迁范围及拆迁对象
(一)拆迁范围
本拆迁项目是乌山板块整体改造的一部分，具体范围为：东至金山路，南至景观大道拆迁红线，西至景观大道拆迁红线，北至南二环线。
(二)拆迁对象
本方案适用于模拟改造区块，共涉及国有土地上房屋83户拆迁总建筑面积约1.4万平方米。
三、拆迁计划和工作时间安排
(一)4月5日前召开拆迁户座谈会。
(二)4月15日前完成房屋评估及面积丈量。
(三)4月30日前完成权属认定并公布结果，及房屋评估报告结果公示。
(四)若以上工作顺利按时完成，则5月20日前完成模拟签约。被拆迁户根据拆迁单位的通知日期签订模拟拆迁协议(届时请随带身份证、房屋权属所有证、国有土地使用权证及其他有效证件)签约后三天内公示补偿安置情况.
(五)签订模拟拆迁协议截止日期为2011年5月20日，如该项目被拆迁户到时全部签约后，模拟拆迁协议正式生效。并按协议约定时间进行房屋搬迁腾空，腾空后领取拆迁安置补偿费。如在该项目截止时间已到期，被拆迁户仍未全部签约，则其余被拆迁户已签订的协议无效。
四、住宅房屋拆迁补偿与安置
(一)拆迁安置办法：拆迁国有土地上的住宅，被拆迁人可以选择货币补偿也可以选择产权调换。
(二)产权调换的可安置面积以被拆迁住宅用房建筑面积为基数(以下简称“安置面积基数”)再扩大不超过建筑面积10平方米，实际安置时以接近该面积的套型作为安置用房。
产权调换住宅安置用房为景观大道I地块(东至金山路，南至乌山后江，西至金山路，北至南二环路)即将建造的住宅。具体安置办法另行规定。
(三)拆迁房屋补偿价格的确定：实行货币补偿或产权调换的被拆迁房屋和用于产权调换的安置用房的价格根据市场价格评估确定。评估应当采用市场比较法。
(四)采用市场比较法评估被拆迁房屋价格的，由房地产评估机构根据评估比准价格，结合该房屋具体区位、建筑结构、建筑面积、成新、层次、装修等因素评估确定。
评估比准价格由房地产评估机构根据交易价从高原则从类似房地产中选取三个以上可比实例，进行交易情况、交易日期、区域因素和个别因素修正后确定。
(五)拆迁国有土地上的住宅，被拆迁人依法享有土地使用权，其土地使用面积超过被拆迁房屋按规定容积率占有的土地面积的，超过部分的土地，拆迁人按照有关规定对被拆迁人予以经济补偿。
(六)斜面结构屋的补偿结算
被拆迁的斜面结构屋(不分是否计层)只补偿不安置，不能作为被拆迁房屋的主体面积计入可安置面积。安置房屋的斜面结构屋(不分是否计层)只结算不计入实际安置面积。
补偿结算。国有土地上的斜面结构屋(不分是否计层)按斜面结构屋的下一层的房屋评估单价的40%乘以经依法确认的斜面结构房屋建筑面积实施补偿。
其他费用补偿。住宅房屋斜面结构屋的搬家补贴费、临时过渡费按主体房屋计发标准的40%计发。
(七)搬家补助费
被拆迁住房建筑面积60平方米以下的，按800元/户.次结算;60(含60)平方米到90平方米的，按900元/户.次结算;90(含90)平方米以上的，按1000元/户.次结算，拆迁人应支付被拆迁人二次搬家补助费。
(八)临时过渡补助费
拆迁人应按照被拆住房建筑面积、地段等因素支付被拆迁人临时过渡费。
实行调产安置的私有住房被拆迁人，应自行解决周转用房。安置住房已约定期限交付的，拆迁人应支付按协议约定的交付期限再加上6个月的临时过渡补贴费。因拆迁人的责任，延期交付安置住房的，自逾期之月起，拆迁人按照原临时过渡补贴费用标准的两倍支付给被拆迁人。
实行货币安置的私有住房，拆迁人应一次性发给被拆迁人12个月临时过渡补贴费。
二类地段临时过渡补助费标准(本项目拆迁范围内):60平方米以下部分按每平方米14元补偿;60(含60)平方米到90平方米部分按每平方米10元补偿;90(含90)平方米到150平方米部分按每平方米9元补偿;150(含150)平方米到250平方米部分按每平方米8元补偿;250(含250)平方米部分以上部分按每平方米6元补偿。
(九)拆迁成套住宅用房实行货币补偿或产权调换的，可按被拆迁成套住宅用房市场评估金额(不包括配套杂物间、车库、装修及附属物补偿金额)的12%再计发成套住房拆迁补贴。
(十)被拆迁人选择货币补偿安置的，其货币补偿金额应增加18%(不包括配套杂物间、车库、装修及附属物补偿金额)，若其拆迁补偿资金的增加金额低于1600元/平方米，则按1600元/平方米计发。
(十一)被拆迁人选择房屋产权调换安置的。
对安置到中高层或高层配电梯住宅的被拆迁人，其安置面积基数可增加7平方米，该增加部分面积不结算差价，但计入房屋产权登记面积。
(十二)利用自有合法住房从事生产经营活动的补贴。 对利用自有合法住房从事生产经营活动，在拆迁公告发布之日前已持有工商营业执照，并连续纳税半年以上的被拆迁房屋给予适当补贴，补贴标准为非住宅一次性经济补贴费标准的80%。
五、非住宅房屋拆迁补偿和安置
(一)拆迁非住宅用房，被拆迁人可以选择货币补偿也可以选择产权调换安置。
(二)拆迁商业用房，产权调换安置用房地点____________________商业用房作为安置房。具体条件设置另行确定。
(三)拆迁工业、仓储、办公及其他非住宅用房，原则上实施货币补偿。
(四)被拆迁非住宅用房的评估金额一般由房地产评估机构按市场比较法进行评估。如缺乏足够的市场成交案例不能采用市场比较法时，可采用成本法进行估计，收益性物业还可以采用收益法进行评估。
(五)被拆迁人选择货币补偿的，其货币补偿金额应增加18%。
(六)被拆迁人选择产权调换的，拆迁人与被拆迁人应根据被拆迁房屋和安置用房的评估金额结算差价。
(七)一次性经济补助：因拆迁非住宅用房造成被拆迁人停产、停业以及生产、经营设备设施搬迁、过渡的，拆迁人应当根据被拆迁房屋的建筑面积，结合被拆迁房屋用途、地段、经营状况等因素，支付一次性经济补贴费。中心城区90平方公里内，拆迁人应按照下列标准支付非住宅用房一次性经济补贴费。
1、商业用房：按商业用房市场评估价格的10%计算;
2、工业用房为每平方米400元;
3、办公和其他非住宅用房为每平方米350元;
列入拆迁时已停业闲置实际未作非住宅用房使用或改作住宅用房使用的，不给予非住宅用房一次性经济补贴费。
非住宅房屋斜面结构屋的一次性补贴费按主体房屋计发标准的40%计发。
(八)设施设备及装修附属物的补偿费：对被拆迁房屋中无法恢复使用的电梯、中央空调、通讯设备等重大设施设备以及被拆迁房屋的装修附属物，在评估机构按照重置价格结合成新进行评估后予以补偿。补偿后的设施设备归拆迁人所有。
(九)低容积土地费补偿;拆迁国有土地上的非住宅用房，被拆迁人依法享有使用权的土地，其面积超过被拆迁房屋按标准容积率占有的土地面积，其超过部分的土地按规定给予经济补偿。
(十)国有土地上的房屋所有人要求改变房屋用途的基本条件。
1、94年9月30日前已改变房屋用途、持有合法有效营业执照，并以改变后的用途延续使用且连续纳税半年以上的。
2、94年9月30日以后经规划部门同意后改变房屋用途、持有合法有效营业执照，并以改变后的用途延续使用且连续纳税半年以上。
3、房屋部分改变用途的，原则上以结构自然间为单位划分用途，并应根据不同用途的建筑面积分摊被拆迁房屋所占用地面积。
六、几种特殊情况的拆迁安置补偿规定
(一)被拆迁住宅用房所有权人，其被拆迁住房建筑面积低于人均30平方米(有按规定分户析产、交易过户等行为的，应按分户析产、交易过户前的房屋建筑面积来计算其人均面积)的，可适当增加拆迁补偿资金，具体公式为;拆迁补偿资金增加额=(家庭户人口×30平方米/人-被拆迁房屋建筑面积)×400元/平方米。本条适用于享受低限保障的家庭。
(二)安置住房面积未达到人均建筑面积18平方米的，可按人均18平方米安置，但被拆迁人或其家庭人员在拆迁范围外另有住房的、分户析产或交易过户或改变房屋用途前住房面积达到人均建筑面积18平方米的，不再增至人均建筑面积18平方米。
(三)被拆迁房屋产权有纠纷、产权人下落不明或暂时无法确定产权人的，由拆迁人提出补偿安置方案，报房屋拆迁管理部门审核同意后实施拆迁，房屋拆迁前，拆迁人应当就被拆迁房屋的有关事项，向公证机关办理证据保全。
七、奖金的支付规定
(一)产权确认与房屋评估配合奖。被拆迁人在签约准备期内完成被拆迁房屋产权确认和房屋评估且在拆迁人(拆迁单位)通知规定的时间内签订协议的，给予每户2000元的产权确认与房屋评估配合奖。
(二)提前搬迁奖。被拆迁人在拆迁人(拆迁单位)通知规定的时间内签订协议的，计发25天的提前搬迁奖。拆迁住宅用房和商业用房的，提前搬迁奖以被拆房屋的建筑面积为基数，按每天每平方米8元的标准进行计算，拆迁其他非住宅的，其提前搬迁奖金按被拆非住宅用房的建筑面积累进计算，被拆迁房屋建筑面积在3000平方米以下部分的标准为每天每平方米6元，被拆迁房屋建筑面积在3000平方米以上部分的标准为每天每平方米4元
超过拆迁人(拆迁单位)通知规定的时间签订协议的，以上述标准按天扣发提前搬迁奖，直至扣完。
(三)集中签约奖。每个拆迁项目可组织1-2次的集中签约，集中签约户必须达到被拆迁总户数的1/3以上，第一次集中签约时间设在签约准备期结束的第一周。参加集中签约的被拆迁户每户计发2000元的集中签约奖。第二次集中签约是否设定及设定的时间根据拆迁进展情况由拆迁实施单位确定。
(四)奖金的兑现。产权确认与房屋评估配合奖、提前搬迁奖和集中签约奖在被拆迁房屋腾空并经验收交房后兑现。签订协议后给予住宅和商业用房7天、其他非住宅15天的搬迁期，搬迁期满后未腾空被拆房屋并交房的，扣发产权确认与房屋评估配合奖和集中签约奖，同时以原计算标准按天扣发提前搬迁奖直至扣完。
八、其他有关事项的说明
(一)被拆房屋建筑面积和土地面积应以房屋所有权证、土地使用权证或其他有效证件证明的记载面积依据，如有异议，可向权属部门提出复核申请。
(二)房屋货币补偿金、重置价格、装修补偿费、附属设施等的确定均以评估机构出具的评估报告为准。如有异议，可向评估机构提出复核申请。
(三)对未批已建和少批多建的房屋由横河镇人民政府进行认定处理。
(四)被拆迁人在搬迁过程中不得私自拆去已有补偿的所有设施及房屋旧料，违者按价赔偿。
九、本方案自公布之日起实施
慈溪市建设投资集团有限公司
二○一一年四月九日
第二篇：乌山镇道路交通秩序专项整治工作总结
为进一步加强道路交通安全管理工作，有效解决一些地方、一些路段安全措施不到位、交通秩序混乱、交通违法行为多发、交通事故频发等突出问题。扭转当前严峻的交通安全形势，根据县委、县综治委关于组织开展道路交通秩序专项整治工作的指示精神和《全县道路交通秩序专项整治工作方案》的要求，从6月3日其至8月20日，在全镇范围内开展为期三个月的道路交通秩序专项整治行动。现将工作情况汇报如下：
一、加强领导，做好宣传工作。
为了深入开展道路交通专项整治活动，成立了乌山镇道路交通秩序专项整治领导小组，由镇长苏敏芳任组长，人武部长邓红石任副组长，并抽调了派出所、城管队、综治办、党政办等骨干为组成人员。我镇结合自己实际情况，制定了《乌山镇道路交通秩序专项整治工作方案》及《乌山镇道路交通秩序专项整治工作计划》。我镇十分重视交通安全宣传在预防和减少道路交通事故中的重要作用，提高我镇交通参与者、干部群众的交通安全和自我保护意识，镇里发了乌政
[2007]21号文件《关于进一步加强道路交通安全宣传工作的实施意见》，把宣传工作在全镇范围内铺开，大张旗鼓的进行宣传，使道路交通安全宣传进农村、进单位、进学校、进家庭，在全镇范围内营造良好的道路交通安全氛围。
二、突出重点，集中力量开展专项整治
通过准备阶段的发动，已经形成了一个良好的整治氛围。在综合治理阶段。专项工作领导小组通过排查、分析事故高发的原因，查找突出问题，提出切实可行的整改措施，开展有效的整治工作。对该次整治的重点梅石公路进行整改，完善其交通安全设施。同时加强对重点车辆和驾驶员的管理。加强与各部门的协作、紧密配合，共同加强对重点车辆和驾驶员的管理。加强对客运车辆管理，确保客运车辆车况良好，严防客运车辆超员。对客运车辆、危险化学品车辆进行检查，发现不合格的给予停运及扣照的处理。严查货运车超载现象。与派出所配合开展道路行车秩序整治，开展交通秩序整治，规范行车秩序。严禁无证驾车、酒后驾车、超速行驶等违法现象。在活动期间派出所共查处交通违法行为15起，大大的改善了我镇的交通状况。
三、健全监管网络，建立长效机制
通过专项整治活动，我镇的交通状况有了很大改观，但是如何建立一种长效机制，才是最有效的。与其他部门密切联系，不定时的对交通状况进行检查，发现问题及时解决，对哪些屡教不改的予以重罚。
乌山镇道路交通秩序专项整治领导小组2007年9月
第三篇：英语导游词：漳州导游词
漳州导游词
Overlview of Zhangzhou Touristry 漳州旅游概要
Known as “City of flowers and fruits” and “hometown of fish and rice”, Zhangzhou is a historic and cultural city, famous for its rich produce. It produces a lot of “6 famous fruits” (tangerines, lichis, bananas, longans, pomelos, and pineapples) and “3 famous flowers” (Narcissus, camellia, and orchid), as well as valuable seafood, including prawns, groupers, abalones, lobsters, mud crab, scallops, oysters, mud clams and squids. Narcissus, medicine “Pianzihuang”, and “Inkpad” produced locally are known as “three treasures” of Zhangzhou”, famous both in China and abroad. The tourism handicrafts of puppet carving, seashell pictures and jade carvings of the nine-dragon wall are very popular among Chinese and foreign tourists.
Zhangzhou is a famous hometown for the overseas Chinese and Taiwanese. Over 700,000 people from Zhangzhou are now living in Hong Kong and Macao. About one third of the population in Taiwan is originally from Zhangzhou. It has become a destination of pilgrimage and paying visits to their native hometown for the overseas Chinese and Taiwan patriots.
1. Zhangzhou southeast Flower Capital -- Flower Museum Park 东南花都——花博园
National AAAA scenic site, it is located at Makou Town, the northeast of Zhangpu County, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province. Covering an area of 7800 Mu, it is the largest modern ecological agriculture park and the largest flower producer in Fujian Province. It is a multi-functional ecological tourism base which integrates flower trading with shopping, recreation, sightseeing, ecological tourism, outdoor exercise and training. Inside the scenic spot, there is a flower museum, a nursery, a scientific park, a service park and the main exhibition hall. Facilities for recreation are available for archery, swimming, angling, and boating. There is also a flower supermarket and a holiday resort. Fresh melons and fruits, seafood, and local delicacies are served all year round.
2. National geological Park and Zhangzhou Coastal Volcano 漳州滨海火山 国家地质公园
The national geological park is located along the coast of Zhangpu and Longhai of Zhangzhou Municipality, Fujian Province.
Covering an area of 100 km2, it is a typical Age 3 volcano geographical park, composed of “two mountains, two islands and three bays”. The geological geomorphologic terrain was formed by the central eruption of the volcano and the wind and sea erosion between 28.61 million and 15.41 million years ago, due to the movement of Himalayas. It reflects the movement of the new generation of volcanoes and the involvement of the geological structure in the west Pacific Ocean. A batch of physiognomic wonders, such as the volcano outlet in the shape of eight diagrams (for fortune telling), “plum flower pole”, the column of bubble holes, corals, fish-scale shaped stone water fall, sea eroded caves, sea eroded cliffs have been created by nature, hence the name of marine terra cotta.
3. Zhangpu Tianfu Tea Museum 漳浦天福茶博物院
National AAAA scenic spot and national agriculture demonstration site, it is Located at Pantuo Township, the side of No 324 State highway, the west of Zhanpu County.
Tianfu Group’s headquarter covers a ground space of 80 MU and is the largest tea museum in the world. It consists of four exhibition halls: the main exhibition hall, the Classroom for the Chinese tea art, the hall for Japanese tea, and an art gallery.
The main exhibition hall displays the tea culture of the world, the history of Chinese tea development, the procedure of tea processing, tea art and tea-ware, tea poems/paintings, and tea and health. The statue of the “Fire seed passed from one generation to another”: Standing at the entrance of the temple, the statue is unique in design. It displays an cow pulling a cart with a calf and the old is teaching the young how to work, indicating the tea culture passed from one generation to another. The classroom of the Chinese tea art: Each day there are 5-6 shows of the tea art and tea courtesy of different Chinese ethnic groups from different dynasties. 4. Mangrove at Zhang River Estuary 漳江口红树林 National natural reserve, it is located in the estuary of Zhang River at Yunxiao County, Fujian Province. The mangrove at Zhang River Estuary grows naturally on the beach of the tidal zone, covering an area of 2360 ha. It is the mangrove of the largest scale, the most diversified species and the best growing north of the equator. Among them, Baigurang species occupies of 20 ha. and is an evergreen arbor tree species, with grey tree bark. Under the mangrove are many marine organisms, including skip fish, lobsters, crabs, mud clams, sea snails, and eels. The mangrove area is also inhabited by green-head ducks, grey wild geese, bean wild geese, black-mouth gulls, and aigrette. There are a number of endangered species; including two Class I state protected animals, one most endangered species, six endangered species, two threatened species, 19 state class-II protected animals, 77 migrating birds under the protection of the Sino-Japanese agreement, 41 migrating birds under the protection of the Sino-Australian Agreement. In addition, there are also many seaweeds growing under the mangrove, having formed a unique natural ecological view.
5. Dongshan Fengdong Rock 东山风动石
A National AAAA scenic spot located at the east end of Tonglin Town, Dongshan County, Fujian Province. Accessible directly by bus, it is 120 km from Zhangzhou city, 135 km from Shantou and 209 km from Xiamen. Fengdong Rock scenic site covers an area of 15 hectares. The major tourist attractions include Fengdongshi, Guandi Temple, ancient Tongshan Town, Hukongdiyu, Shisenbaita, Diaoaotai, Xianmianchuang, Baozhi Temple, Chenghuang Temple, Huang Daozhou Memorial Hall, Dongshan Museum, the residential relics of Huang Daozhou, stele corridor, folk custom corner, Mural of Sun rock, Guizi Rock, octagon ancient well. 6. Longhai Mercy Temple 龙海慈济宫 A State-level protected cultural relic located at Baijiao Village, Jiaomei Township, Longhai city, Fujian Province. It is 30 km from the Zhangzhou city. It was built during the Year Songjingyou, over 900 years ago. Covering an area of 1609.5 km2, the temple has been well protected.
Mercy Temple is a palace museum in South Fujian Province, belonging to the original temple of Baosheng Imperia and the original temple for Taiwan Baosheng Imperia Temple. The temple faces the south and was built in the background of the mountains, rising with the mountain terrain. Starting from the central axis, the temple has a front hall, the door yard, veranda, central hall and rear hall, from the southwest to the northeast. On the two sides of the door yard, there is a bell building and a drum building. The main tourist attraction includes Longquanjing (dragon spring well), Jizhaoding, large stone lions, Feitian yueshi (flying music angel).
7. Sanping Temple 三平寺
A National AAAA scenic spot located in the Sanping Gorge in the territory of Wenfeng Town of Pinghe County, the Southwest of Zhangzhou city, Fujian Province. It covers a total area of over 4000 m2. The temple has three halls and two gates (internal and external), and an internal door and a gate to the mountain. There are daxionbaodian, Zudian, Tadian, known as Sanluoban locally. On the opposite of the gate to the scenic spot, there stands a giant marble sculpture of the founder of the temple. The axis of the three halls is shaped as moving snake, which is unique in the temple architecture in China. Centered at Sanping temple, which is over 1000 years old, the central scenic spot covers an area of 12 km2, including Sanping Temple, Guanji Park, Yinke Park, Cilang Pavilion, Maoshi Cave, Turtle Mountain, Tiger Forest, Hupa Spring, Longrui Waterfall, and the Memorial Hall commemorating the joining of the Red Army forces, hence the name of 8 ancient scenic spots and 24 modern scenic spots. It attracts a lot of visitors especially when ceremonies are held each year on lunar January 6th to celebrate the birthday of the founder of the temple, on lunar June 6th to mark the anniversary of the founder entry to religion, and on lunar November 6th to celebrate the anniversary of the death the founder of the temple. 8. Nanjing Tianluokeng Earth-building Group 南靖田螺坑土楼群
group, with a grand outlook. Standing on the middle of the mountain, facing the south, it is composed of five earth buildings. The square building, called Buyunlou (Cloud stepping building) stands in the middle, and surrounded by three round buildings (Ruiyun Buiding, Hechang Building and Zhenchang Building) and one elliptical building (Wenchang Building).
Five buildings were built according to the positions of “gold, wood, water, fire, and earth”, and not only for aesthetic reasons, but also for the function of fortification. Specialities & Delicacies of Zhangzhou
1 .Seasoned Noodles Seasoned noodles are made from the ingredients of shredded pork, shredded bamboo shoots, mushrooms, squids, dried shrimp and day lilies as the ingredients. They are stir fried and boiled with pork bone soup, and then MSG, sugar, and salt and sweet potato starch is added to make a seasoning. When the noodles are served, they are added with fried leek, bean sprouts and the seasoning, and some black pepper, fried ground garlic, fried shredded fish and caraways.
2. Nasheng Sesame Dates Pinghe County is famous for its tea dessert for more than 70 years. Nansheng sesame dates are made from sticky rice, taro, sugar, maltose, peanut oil and white sesamum in three procedures. It is featured in being crispy, tender, sweet and elastic.
3. Nansheng Salty Duck Nansheng Salty Duck has a history of hundreds years and is named after Nansheng town of Pinghe County where the duck is produced. Nansheng salty Duck is made from the local native ducks. The slaughtered ducks are gutted, salted, and dried in the sunlight in a series of processing procedure for several days. The salty duck is a convenient food. It only needs to be washed and steamed before being served. If rice wine is added, the smell and taste will be even better. 4. Shouzhuamian (Hand grabbing noodles) Shouzhuamain, known as “Douganmainfen” or “Wuxiangmianfen” locally, is made from wheat flour material, ingredients and seasoning. The wheat flour material is the alkali noodles which are boiled and spread in a round shape on a bamboo screen to form pan-cakes (called “Mianfen” locally). When it is served on the table, “Mianfen” is laid with fried tofu, or “five spiced rolls”, as well as sweet flour jam, peanut jam, mustard jam and garlic vinegar jam and eaten by grabbing with the fingers, hence the name of “Shouzhuamian” (hand grabbing noodles”).
A popular tea cake, shaped in pillow in the size of a little finger, Xiaoxi pillow cake is produced through a number of fine procedures. First, the stuffing of the cake has to be carefully selected. They are fine wheat flour, pork fat, and maltose. The ingredients are made according to the “secret formula”, to ensure that the stuffing will melt as soon as put into mouth without having residues. Then the cake is baked with small fire in a pan, which requires a high skill to ensure an even baking and avoid burning. The traditional pillow cakes are packed in two layers, separated by bamboo leaves. Each package contains eight cakes.
Bajitian is the root of Bajitian herb, also named Buchou herb and Sanman herb. As a valuable Chinese medical herb, it has the functions of invigorating the kidney and strengthening Yang, expelling wind-evil, resolving wetness, and nourishing blood. In the book entitled “Shennong Bencao Jing” Bajitian is highly valued as the “Southern Jinsen”. Hexi Township has become a major producer of Bajitian in China and gained the reputation of the “home of Bajitian”. A number of processed Bajitian products, including Bajitian wine, have been developed and produced locally.
7. Eight-treasured Ink Pad It is made from top quality of pearl, agate, muskiness, coral, monkey dates, plum slice and Airong, mixed with castor oil, and Biaoyinzhu. With bright colour, and aromatic smell, the ink pad would neither melt in water; nor dry in dry weather; nor mould in rainy season; nor leak oil in summer and nor freeze in winter. As the ink pad does not lose its colour in either water or fire, it has been fancied by calligraphers and painters both domestically and abroad. It has won the excellence prize and special prize respectively on the Southeast Asian fair and the Panama fair.
8. Pinghe Guanxi Pomelo Big in size and sweet in taste, Guanxi pomelo is originated in the valley of Guanxi River and is the traditional valuable fruit produced in Pinghe County.
Guanxi pomelo has been grown in the local area for over 500 years. During Qianlong years of Qing Dynasty, Guanxi pomelo was the tribute article for the emperor. Tongzhi Emperor granted Guanxi pomelo a stamp and a black dragon flag as the tag for the tribute. The unique flavour of the fruit has won the first prize in the successive five years on the national pomelo competitions. Ranking in an advanced position in China, Guanxi pomelo has gained the reputation of “Pomelo King”.
9. Tianbao Banana Banana is one of the six major fruits produced in Fujian Province. Situated by the Jiulong River and backed by Tianbao Mountain, Tianbao Township has a mild and humid climate which provides a favourable condition for the growth of bananas. The bananas produced in Tianbao are famous at home and abroad, due to their thin skin, nice smell, sweet taste, soft meat and no cores.
10. Tianfu Tea foodstuffs Produced exclusively by Tianren Foodstuff Plant of Tianfu Group, Tianfu tea cakes are made from the quality materials through modern processing technique in a strictly controlled quality. Characteristic in low sugar, low fat and low calorie, the products have passed ISO9001 and ISO9002 International quality attestation. At present, there are over 50 products in 6 major categories: sweets, cakes, tea cakes, preserved fruits, nuts, and instant tea. Tianfu tea products are sold all over the world. The company has established a number of franchise shops in Taiwan, America, Canada, Japan, and Malaysia, and has become a intra-group which owns nearly one hundred franchised shops.
11. Zhangpu Paper Cutting Zhangpu paper cutting is a technique based dominantly by “Yin cutting” and assisted by “Yang cutting”. When displaying feather and flower pedals, the artists often use the technique of “row cutting”, to create a vivid image of the object which is as fine and dense as hair. The traditional subjects for the local paper cutting include flowers, birds, melons, fruits, fish and insects, as well as lucky symbols, historic stories and figures. The paper cuttings of “Cock Fighting”, “Rats Wedding”, “Couple Lotus Flower” and “Twelve Zodiac Symbols” are the most popular.
12. Zhangzhou Cotton Portraits The portraits are made mainly from de-fat cotton by applying the principle and rules of painting in combination with the techniques of colour Caizha (handicraft) and embossment through pinching, moulding, plaster, drop-dye and framing to form a strong three-dimensioned picture. As cotton fabric is fine and soft in quality, and identical to feather and leather, the portraits are mainly made in the subjects animals, such as cranes, peacocks, eagles, cats and tigers. Since the cotton portrait was first developed in early 1960s, dozens of varieties of portraits in several categories have been made, and become popular house decorations and souvenirs.
13. Zhangzhou Pianzaihuang Pianzaihuang is an outstanding product of the traditional Chinese herbal medicine, known as “famous medicine of national treasure” among the overseas Chinese. It is a medicine processed from the traditional valuable Chinese medical herbs, with a history of over 450 years. Pianzaihuang is made from the valuable Chinese herbs, including Shexiang, Niuhuang, snake’s gall and Tianqi. It is remarkably effective in curing chronic liver disease, diminishing inflammations, killing pains, preventing wounds of cutting and burning from inflammation, accelerating the healing of wounds.
14. Zhangzhou Narcisus Narcissus is a provincial flower of Fujian province and the city flower of Zhangzhou Municipality. Narcissus has been grown in Zhangzhou for over 500 years. The techniques for growing and ikebana of narcissus are gradually developed to an exquisite botanic culture. The botanists have created the narcissus carving bonsai technique which can make narcissus blossom in the predicted time. In the spring Festival each year, every house hold would have narcissus bonsais. The greening and the aroma of narcissus symbolizes good luck and happiness.
Zhangzhou Folk Culutre
Famous for their strong, aggressive and skilful fighting tactics, the Zhangzhou fighting cocks have been listed as one of the four major types of fighting rooster in China. They have repeatedly established the reputation of being “unbeatable” in the competitions held in Taiwan, Hong Kong and the Southeast Asian Countries. In recent years, the development of the cock fighting industry has been promoted in Zhangzhou Municipality and a cock fighting society has been established in local area. The society has organized activities of “cock king competition” and Zhangzhou cock fighting culture fair, established a website of Zhangzhou cock fighting and Zhangzhou native fighting cocks farm, which have attracted attention both at home and abroad.
Nanjing Zhuma (Bamboo Horse) Opera
Nanjing Zhuma opera originated in Mazhen of Tang Dynisty, became popular in Song Dynasty and reached its peak in Qing Dynasty.
Zhuma (bamboo horse) is also called Mayi (horse art), madeng (horse lamp), zhumadeng (bamboo horse lamp), using a bamboo horse as the prop. The bamboo horses are made from bamboo skins for the framework, which are glued with red, black, blue and white paper to form the horse shape. When the performance is presented, the front part of the horse is hung in front of the actor’s belly while the rear part of the horse is arranged on the waist of the actor. In this way, the actor looks like riding the horse. The opera is sung with Gezai melody in the local dialect spoken in the southern Fujian. The dialogue is presented with colloquial doggerel in the performance and displays a strong rural style and deep folk culture.
Zhanghzhou Xiang Opera
Xiang opera is a major local opera, originally named Gezai opera, also named Zidi Play. Gezi opera was originated in Jinge of Zhangzhou, but developed and formed in Yilan of Taiwan. It is very popular in the Southern Fujian province, including Zhangzhou, Xiamen, and Quanzhou, as well as Yilan of Taiwan and the Southeast countries where many overseas Chinese have migrated.
Xiang Opera is mainly presented in the Southern Fujian dialect by actors and actress, which is vivid, humorous and easy to understand. There are over 500 traditional Xiang opera plays. The representatives include “Lei Wanchun beat Tiger”, “nectornade in Hometown of Overseas Chinese”, “An-an Looking for Mother”. The feature of Xiang opera is that it has more singing than speaking, with strong rhythm, expressive force and folk sentiment.
第四篇：导游词：白水寨导游词
白水寨景区导游词
欢迎各位来到增城白水寨省级风景名胜区，来这里旅游主要是顺着海船木栈道观千尺瀑，叹大氧吧，做活神仙，登高揽胜，溯溪探险。瀑布落差达428.5米，是全国内地落差最大的，这里是全生态体验，让仁者喜山，稳重如山，让智者乐水，上善若水。
进了验票口，屹立在我们眼前的是天南第一梯，是寻天仙的岭南第一梯，为什么说寻仙呢?因为这是接近我们白水仙瀑的第一道梯，此梯两柱擎天，各高18米，周长1.8米 ，有8个字：登之弥高，有仙则灵。取自孔子“仰之弥高”和刘禹锡的“有仙则名”从这个天梯入口至海拔828米的白水仙瀑总长度6692米，19000多步，连接三个山头、两大天池，共9999级，分为寻仙、怡景、知难、揽胜、勇士、登峰六段梯，其中登山主线入口到瀑布顶的沐云亭3338米，即3699级，被中国登山协会一眼看中，定为登山活动基地。2005年11月26日广东首届国际旅游文化节中的中国广州(增城)登山旅游节，我国第一个登上珠穆朗玛峰的王富洲、女子第一个登上珠峰的藏族女运动员潘多、在校大学生第一个登上珠峰的次落等、亦象你们一样，登上了白水寨峰。因为山在那里，我们有着辉煌的登山历史，登山是一种勇敢者的有氧户外运动，它能全面锻炼人的体格，培养刻苦耐劳和集体主义精神，是自我的超越，使极限的挑战。人渴望通过艰苦的攀登磨练自己，向往站在峰巅与大自然对话，只想面对永恒的大自然，与山的世界融为一体。游客在登山中步步高升，边观赏仙女瀑布，边吸纳峡谷灵气，边感受大自然美景，边尽享旅游健身之乐。白水寨每年一次的登山节的主题是：“魅力增城，荔乡仙境，生态体验，登高揽胜”，是为都市人休闲度假、体验野趣、强身健体，量身订做的生态旅游度假目的地。
岔路走左边，离开干燥乏味的花岗岩石阶，大家就看到我们白水寨特有的海船木栈道了。铺设栈道的海船木形状长度各异，颜色或深或浅，身上还有大小不
一、排列参差的孔眼以及黝黑发亮的铆钉，海船木的本来面貌得以完整保留，与白水寨主打的原生态环境配合得恰到好处。由于海船随时都要和强劲的风浪对抗，所以在制作时必须采用厚实的木材为原料，而铺设栈道的木材经过海水几十年甚至上百年的浸泡和冲压之后，品质坚韧耐磨，并形成了防水、防虫的天然保护性。白水寨的海船木栈道顺着山谷、贴着溪流、迎着瀑布而建，两旁是数之不尽的参天古树，在和暖的阳光照耀下，满眼青翠，栈道曲曲折折，沿途经过白水寨的会仙桥、双龙汇、观瀑台等多个原生态的景点，栈道下是淙淙的溪水，溪流布满嶙峋的石头，仿如大自然洒落的一颗颗黑珍珠，在石头的阻隔下，溪水一时平静如池，一时湍急如潮，整个栈道处于山环水抱之中。来到这里，大家抬头看到三座在树上的屋子，是瞭望台，每逢黄金周我们就请当地的客家山歌表演人员在上面对唱，嘹亮的歌声加上潺潺的水声在山间形成美妙的旋律，令人流连忘返。走过鹅卵石砌成的小路，就接上海船木栈道了，栈道两边的扶手是用增城特产：荔枝，的树干做的，不但美观，而且防腐性强，有特色，和海船木栈道配起来真是相得益彰。不知不觉地，我们就来到会仙桥了，这里是299级，可以看到瀑布的全相。增城宋女道人单县君在罗浮山会仙桥旁的冲虚古观曾题诗：地景物心闲日月，山高举手近星辰。时有仙人缘云上，九霄飘忽响韶韵。这首诗简直亦是为白水寨写的。山上举手可以摘白云，但请你上了山不要摘云，因云上有仙女在那里唱歌弹琴，白水仙瀑可能就是那位登山高手高抬贵手摘下仙女站着的一片云，才让仙女跌落几百米深的山崖，化成白水仙瀑。这也是白水仙瀑名称的由来。现在，我们继续走栈道，它全长近1000米，有吊桥和浮桥相映成趣，看，前面就是一条小吊桥，因为那边还有一条大的相接着，所以这里称为子孙桥。沿路这里都有嘻水区，大家也可以下去洗洗手啊，泡泡脚的，感受一下这自然山水的清凉。大家请看左边，这块是仙照长廊回音壁。这是从化至龙门永汉断裂带南昆山脉东南段，沿着这组断裂带有几处热泉群。在这南面的高滩，有很多处温泉，在这东面山枣坛，村头村尾有溪边温泉，水温28°至73°，日出水量3400吨，高滩、云枣坛合称高山温泉。我市市长朱泽君作词，刘青作曲，中国音乐学院著名歌唱家张也唱了动人一曲的《高山温泉》(附歌)。在南昆山脉的西南段龙门县永汉有多个温泉，仙照长廊回音壁是断裂带中的一个断层，是神仙宫殿里的一个照壁，宋代增城绿原道人单县君女士曾写下《题壁诗》:抠衣步入轩辕界，身世翩翩物外游。轩辕界指仙界，罗浮仙人轩辕集，曾试剑斩开大封门的封门石，我们登上山顶后坐车精细坑路出温南公路就会经过两块巨石劈开的山门，这就是轩辕试剑石，在试剑石的中央是白水寨风景名胜区的第二个有回音的地方，第三个有回音的地方在我们白水寨风景名胜区内的旧高埔八字门祠堂。前面是一条浮桥，走上去感觉和吊桥大不相同，像在船里走，妙极了。一直向前走就来到我们栈道上最漂亮的一个景点---双龙汇，这里也是这条栈道的中段，瀑布来到这里被中间的巨石挡住，只好往两旁流下，再加上这里的落差和下面的水潭，就像两条飞龙转进水里。大家也可以在这里望瀑祈福，诚心点，说不定会灵验喔!
再走上一点可以看到刚才分开瀑布水流的大石头，像是一只乌龟，正露出水面呢!中国十大易学奖的主曾伟先生还在这里预言了五句：上有龙马头，下有神龟游，中间一个太极轴，谁能参得透，子孙代代出公侯。这是从风水的角度来讲的，白水寨左有青龙，右有白虎，前有朱雀，后有玄武，远山近水，群山环绕，层林叠翠。白水寨的瀑布天上来，就像飞龙下九天。这是一个难得的，完整的风水格局。所以白水寨的脉气很盛，是中国的南脉之门，是龙脉之门。来到1299级是观瀑台。这里是知难梯的第一景。山因水而活，水因瀑布而有灵气，这里的灵气是什么，是水灵和淘气?你们女的才水灵，男的才淘气。这里的灵气是指水因为瀑布而有了灵魂和气势，因为有灵魂而可敬，因为有气势而可畏，那她可不可亲近呢?观瀑台就给了你一个亲近瀑布的机会和条件。不但可以观瀑，而且可以听瀑，甚至可以走到白龙腾飞处感受大山的灵魂，瀑布的搏动。
在1299级处左下方是白龙腾飞。如果觉得太累，可象白龙那样腾飞回去，沿登山石阶下去899级的车站，坐电瓶车回登山广场。当然，知难而进更好，前面旁门左道，曲径通幽而不幽，可见白水仙瀑如腾飞的白龙争一大石珠。正如宋代朱熹诗所说：“快泻苍崖一道泉，白龙飞下蔚蓝天。”画家张大千诗中说：“银潢倒泻挂晴空，时向松间见白龙。”你们谁是白龙王子，谁是被白龙争抢的石珠呢?大家不要争抢，千万不要像石珠那样从瀑布从山崖上滚下来哟。人在险处不停留，只把美景心中留。 我们继续向上攀登吧!接着来的也是栈道，但不是海船木，又是另一翻景象，在这条栈道走就有穿越丛林的感觉，大家快来感受吧，上面就是1425级瀑鸣台了，是直接感受瀑布的第一个平台。你尽可以用尽身体的每一处感官，或看、或听、或沐浴，充分感受中国内陆地区落差最大瀑布的磅礴气势。
终于来到这里了，大家快大口的呼吸吧，据权威机构中南林学院测定，这里的负离子含量高达11.25万个/立方厘米，位列广东参与测评景区之首，是名副其实的天然大氧吧，最宜清心洗肺了。站在平台上感受完瀑布的磅礴气势，也可以转过身来，俯看一下深幽的峡谷，峡谷下面是春夏飞雪景。春夏时节，雨多水旺，在涧溪之间，急流飞瀑，水花飞溅如雪花，清凉送爽，湿润宜人，唐人有诗云：喷向林梢成夏雪，倾来石上作春雷。所以叫春夏飞雪的清凉世界。在这春夏飞雪上面的马头坑小道溪边还可以玩水攀石溯溪呢!
凉快过后，我们继续攀登，迎接我们的是一段陡峭的山崖小路，大家要打起精神才行啊!出发!这段小路虽然陡，但却是上2199级亲瀑台的捷径，大家要扶好铁链，很快就到了。这里是亲瀑台，428.5米落差的瀑布在此彰显出中国落差最大瀑布的震撼人心，肌肤亲瀑，满心欢喜。好了，现在我们要和登山石阶汇合，上面还有3299级的沐瀑台，在那里我们可以将整个身体沐浴在瀑布飞泻而下散落的水帘中，沐浴身心。
2399至2499级之间是泉声咽石。这是唐诗人画家王维诗情画意的境界。王维诗：日色冷青松，泉声咽危石。啊!太阳照在松荫上，溪泉碰到突出的石头，前面光会留下什么，后面声会产生什么，这两句诗各猜一字，这两字可连成一个常用词，你们猜是什么字，什么词，对啦，是影和响，影响。在白水寨你可以留下什么?留个心，留个影，但除了脚印和印象，你什么都不要留下;你可以带走什么?美丽的风景照和比风景更美的旅游品，但除了这些照片和旅游品，你什么都不要带走，否则，就影响不好了。
2699级处是指点江山。这里是揽胜梯的第一景，我们可以在这里指点江山，上九陂、高滩、密石等村和千亩采石场打通的人工湖一览无遗，秀色揽入怀抱，注意，前面右边有对鸳鸯树，树下来了一对鸳鸯，但你不要乱点鸳鸯谱啊!
2899级左右是竹林鸟语。在密密的树林中难得有一片小小的竹林，我们其实可以改写清画竹大王郑板桥的《题画》语：来此一游，花时无多，花费亦无多也。而风中雨中有声，日中月中有影，诗中画中有情，闲中闷中有伴。非惟我爱林鸟，即林鸟亦爱我也。这就是竹林鸟语营造的人与自然和谐的对视对话。
3299级处向左走是沐瀑台。现在我们在白水仙瀑仙女的脖子处，站在巨人的肩膀上，沐浴着仙瀑圣水，我想起了我们增城宋明两大名人，在广州五仙观南粤50先贤祠榜上有名的崔与之与湛若水的诗。崔与之是粤祠之祖，《岭南词选》第一首词就是他在四川抗金写的《水调歌头·题剑阁》，毛泽东1955年左右唯一一次用板桥乱石铺街的毛笔字抄写了崔与之这首词，崔与之还是名臣清官，为了服务家乡，朝廷封他任礼部、史部尚书甚至右丞相他都推辞未任，他的“翠壁丹崖倚碧穹，一壶天地图画中。客游到此应忘返，始觉仙凡迥不同诗十分切合此情此景。湛若水是明三部(兵部、史部、礼部)尚书、儒学大师、民间教育家，他一生办了30多间书院，从衡山到罗浮山到家乡新塘的南香山，如果他能来白水寨山，也会在这办书院的。他来不了这里，所以写下了“石头路滑不可度，我欲跨鹤驭天风。喷泉九月飞霜冷，举袖擎天晓日红”的诗句，既然是石头路滑，大家就要站稳立场，才抬头向上看，走路不看景，看景不走路，安全第一，按顺序讲秩序，保持距离不拥挤。这才是河南话讲的“中中中”。3699级附近是沐云亭。上世纪80年代中期，为缓解电荒，修建了白水寨水库及其电站，这个电站是广东省水头最高的电站，时任广州市委书记的许士杰题下了“层层皆叠翠，石坝锁苍龙。光电输原野，人沐云雾中”的佳句。沐云亭，凌空沐云，有畏高症的人和小孩子不要靠近亭边围栏为好，老弱病残人士要有其他人掺扶。高虽好，但高有高的难处啊!
3699至4099级范围是仙源公园、神仙沟。湛若水诗：直踏飞云万丈崖，虹桥有路青天来。笑问仙源杳何处?云涛浩浩不堪裁。白水仙源在哪里，瀑布的仙水源于溪里洞里，瀑布的仙女形象缘于我们的眼里心里。这个高山公园却有小桥流水，这个与天梯相连的叫天梯栈桥。前面林荫小道有一座石桥叫神仙桥，过了小桥，就是传说中藏有何仙姑五大仙方：庆世方、植入俄方、治胸痛方、治验方、止痰方的仙源洞，谁寻得仙源洞秘方就可以做活神仙，济世行医，普渡众生。
4099级处是白水寨天池，集雨面积1.6平方公里，蓄水量130.27万立方。这是勇士梯第一段。天下白水瀑布多。贵州白水河上有黄果树瀑布，罗浮山有白水门瀑布，我们增城朱村有白水带瀑布，这里有白水寨的白水仙瀑。为什么白水易和瀑布在一起，谁能告诉我?我认为至少有两个原因，一是白水在古代直写的文字中连起来是什么字，泉，有泉就有水，在山河的水跌下来，有落差就成瀑布;二是瀑布远看就如白色的水。可能还有第三个原因，白水很多都有白龙王子的传说，我们白水寨也有这么一个传说。相传在很久很久以前，这里的白水山寨主占山为王，自号“天平王”，据说现在的“天平王”山就是他变的，也就是与天上的玉皇大帝平起平座的王，就像孙悟空叫什么一样，对啦，叫齐天大圣一样，他没有压寨夫人，却收养了一个不知从那里走过来的野孩子，叫白龙王子，白龙王子是森林之子，他白天变人，晚上成龙，白天协助父王管山，晚上成为水中白龙管水，一天太阳下山的傍晚时分，他在仙源溪中戏水，头变成了龙，身还是人，真正是龙头大佬了，他从水中冒出来，何仙姑见到白水寨天池那么美，忍不住来此沐浴清心，见到这龙头人身者，不知是何方神圣，当场“呀”一声惊叫，昏倒在水中，灌满了一肚子湖水，被白龙王子只得在白水寨山一带寻还魂灵芝来救何仙姑，但寻到现在还没寻回，谁见到白龙王子就叫他回来，药找不到不要紧，因为可能某位神秘来客带了还魂丹来，但更重要的是人要左右伴随，用心呼唤或有震撼力呼叫“何仙姑”看能否呼醒她。
6999级附近是观天台。建成后由一个自动气象观测站、一个天文台、一个高倍管井望远镜风景台组成，春夏观雾，秋冬观风。日看山水，夜望星空。
7999级附近是千手观音数景点。佛教名山五台山有17米高的千手观音像，亦是一座五丈余高的松树雕成的。千手观音说的是妙庄王三公主变观音后，为治父割手补父亲的肉，感动了佛祖，许诺她“舍一偿千”，给她千只手，也感动了其父王，要给其塑一个“全手观音”，老工匠有点聋，听成了“千手观音”，观音听千光王说“广大圆满无碍大悲心经”后，亦发誓有求必应，有利众生，于是生出千手来帮世人。
9999级附近是九重天。这是白水寨最高峰828米处，登峰第一景。标志物是玉树擎天，音讯通天，那是一个10多米高的中国移动通讯信号发射绿化树，汉刘安写的道教经典《淮南子》说：“增城九重，其高万一千里百一十四步二尺六寸”。九重天，既是9999级的天南第一梯的象征，亦是增城的象征。高山豁达的胸怀、高峻雄伟的气势启迪着人类，催我们奋进。
9999级出口是七仙湖，集雨面积4.6平方公里，蓄水量398万立方。龙门南昆山也有个七仙湖，你们能说出我们这个七仙湖和龙门南昆山七仙湖的最大区别吗?对啦，我们是阳湖，在南昆山南坡，代表把险种七位男仙再次坐着山墩守望着并大举封山为门给何仙姑沐浴，因此，这里从前叫七仙墩，这里往东现在就叫大封门;龙门南昆山北面的七仙湖，是七仙女湖。一座大山，阴阳配对，七仙相伴，缘分呀缘分，其实人生就是一种缘，乡缘、业缘、学缘、亲缘、友缘、情缘等都要好好珍惜。
第五篇：北京天坛导游词导游词
中国北京.天 坛 ——英文导游辞
(Inside the South Gate of the Temple of Heaven)
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Welcome to the Temple of Heaven. (After self-introduction) preserved cultural heritages of China. There are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad. All in all, there are 12 million visitors very year. Now we are going to go along the route that leads to the altar. It will take roughly one hour. Mind you, the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the God of Heaven.
(Along the Southern Sacred Road leading to the Circular Mound Altar)
The largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to Heaven, the Temple of Heaven served as an exclusive altar for Chinese monarchs during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship Heaven and pray for good harvest. But why?
The ancient Chinese believed that Heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind, and thus worshiping rites dedicated to Heaven came into being. The Heaven the ancient Chinese referred to was actually the Universe, or nature. In those days, there were specific rites of worship. This was especially true during the Ming and Qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.
The Temple of Heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty. Situated in the southern part of the city, this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares. To better symbolize heaven and earth, the northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square .The whole compound is enclosed by two walls, a square wall outside a round one. The outer area is characterized by suburban scenery, while the inner part is used for sacrifices. The inner enclosure consists of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest and the Circular Mound Altar.
(Along the Imperial Passage leading from the Southern Lattice Star Gate in front of the Circular Mound Altar)
The Circular Mound Altar is enclosed by two walls, each containing four groups of Southern Lattice Star Gate, each in turn consisting of three doors, with 24 marble doors altogether. Standing on the passage facing north, you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other. This reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs, while the narrower one was used by courtiers.
1 On the day of the ceremony, the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs. He ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the altar.
(Atop the Circular Mound Alter)
We are now on the top terrace of the Altar, or the third terrace. Each terrace has a flight of 9 steps. At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps. At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone. The number of stones in the first ring is 9, in the second, 18, up to 81 in the 9th ring. Even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiple of 9. But why?
According to ancient Chinese philosophy, yin and yang were two opposing factors. Heaven and the odd numbers belonged to yang while the Earth and even numbers belonged to yin. Nine was the largest heavenly number accessible to man. What is more, the ancient people also believed that heaven consisted of nine layers and that the emperor` s abode was on the uppermost tier.
Once more look at the round stone in the center. The upper terrace is nine zhang (a Chinese unit of length, one zhang equals 3.3 meters) in circumference, while the middle is 15 zhang, the lower, 21 zhang. Classified as yang numbers, the sum of these numerals is 45 zhang which was meant to symbolized success. What is more, by applying the concept of odd numbers and strengthening nine and its multiples, the concept of heaven was thus illustrated and realized. The concept of nine will also be mentioned when we visit some other buildings.
Now I will give you a brief account of what happened here annually on the Inter Solstice. The memorial tablet dedicated to Heaven would be set up on the north side of the terrace; while tablets dedicated to the emperor `s ancestors would be enshrined on the flanks. The service would begin around 4 o` clock in the morning. All of the lanterns would be lit .In the foreground, a sacrificial calf is being barbecued. On the square in front of the altar, the emperor, under heavy escort of nearly a thousand courtiers, princes of royal blood, musicians, dancers and uniformed soldiers, would slowly ascend the altar to offer sacrifice and pray in honor of Heaven. When the service drew to a close, the sacrifice offered in front of the memorial tablets would be incinerated .All of participants would watch the thick smoke rise upward as if they were seeing God off .Music and dancing would follow .In the end, the emperor would return to the Forbidden City secure in the belief that he would be blessed and protected by Heaven until the next winter Solstice. It is interesting to note that, the stone in the very middle of the altar was of major importance, since it was where the emperor used to stand to say his prayer. The stone, which is known as the God’s heart Stone, is peculiar in that it is characterized by a specific acoustic phenomenon: it made the emperor` s voice clearer and louder, thus adding to the mystic atmosphere of the service .You can try this out by yourself. (Proceed northward to pass through the Lattice Star Gate)
(In front of the Gate of glazed tiles)
this structure is known as Heaven` s Storehouse. It is entered through the Gate of glazed Tiles. The
2 roofing, beams, and brackets are all made of glazed tiles or bricks. This is the only structure of its kind in China today.
the Heaven` s Storehouse was where memorial tablets dedicated to the gods were kept. Douglas Hurd, a former British foreign secretary, once said, “God attends to His affairs on the Circular Mound Altar but stays here.” Now let` s go in to see it (Go through the left side door)
(In the courtyard of Heaven` s Storehouse)
this is the Imperial Vault of Heaven, the main structure of Heaven` s Storehouse. It was built in 1530 and is 17 meters in height and 19 meters in diameter. The structure feature blue roofs topped by a gilded ball, and carved wooden doors and windows. It is decorated with colored paintings. Founded on a 3-meter-hign round marble terrace, the building also features a gigantic carved marble ramp laid in the stone staircase leading up to the front entrance. The ramp is carved in “Two dragons Playing with a pearl” design in relief. We will enter the main hall by going up the stone staircase on the eastern side.
(On the marble terrace of the main hall)
The arch of the hall is buttressed by 16 giant pillars on two rings. On top of the pillars there are gilt brackets supporting a circular caisson, or covered ceiling .The ceiling is characterized by a golden coiling dragon design. The 8 pillar of the inner ring are painted scarlet and decorated with golden lotuses.
To the north of the hall there is a marble pedestal. Atop it, up a wooden flight of 9 steps, is where the major tablet dedicate to Heaven was enshrined. On each flank four tablets are enshrined in honor of the ancestors of the Qing emperors. In the annex hall in hornor of the ancestors of the Qing emperors. In the annex halls in the courtyard, there are tablets dedicated to the deities of the sun, moon, constellation, cloud, rain, wind and thunder.
(Echo Wall and Triple –sound Stones)
Aside from exquisitely laid out architectures, Heaven` s Storehouse is also famous for two structures with peculiar acoustic features, i.e. the Echo Wall and the Triple- Sound Stone. A mere whisper at any point close to the wall can be heard clearly on the other side, although the parties may be 40 or 50 meters apart. This is possible because the wall is round and hermetically constructed with smooth, solid bricks.
In front of the steps leading away from the halls is the Triple Sound Stone. If you stand on the first stone and call out or clap your hands, the sound will echo once; on the second stone, the sound will be heard twice; and on the third stone, the sound will repeat three times. Hence the name. (Go out through the right door and stroll along the circular path northward)
(Nine-Dragon Cypress)
3
the Temple of Heaven is also famous for its cypress trees-there are more than 60,000 cypress trees in all ,among which over 4,000 are more than one hundred years old ,adding to the solemn atmosphere of the temple .This tall cypress was planted more than 500 years ago. Its thick branches and twisting trunk resembling nine coiling playful dragons; thus it is known as the Nine-Dragon cypress. It is said that this tree was here to welcome the monarchs. Now it is here to welcome visitor from all over the world.
(In the south of Chengzhen Gate)
Now we are back again on the Central Axis. This brick-arched gate is known as Chengzhen (Adopting Fidelity) .This gate is the northern gate of the Circular Mound Altar and the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest. The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest is situated at the extreme end of the axis. It was used by the emperor in the first month of every lunar year for services dedicated to good harvest.
(On the Red Stairway Bridge)
Entering the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest, we set foot on a raised passage 360 meters long, which the emperor also took to proceed to the hall. This broad north-south walkway, called Danbiqiao (Red Stairway bridge), connects the two sets of main building in the Temple of Heaven and constitutes a single axis.
The passage is divided into left, control and right paths by the cross arrangement of slabs. The central and widest path is known as Heavenly Thoroughfare, which was reserved exclusively for God; nobody, including the emperor, was allowed to set foot onto it. The emperor used the path on the east, which is known as the Imperial Walk. The ministers and princes used the one on the west .Interesting enough, there is no walkway left for ordinary people. This is because the Temple of Heaven used to be off-limits to them.
Contrary to appearances, this walkway is not a bridge at all. But how so? This road is 4 meters above the ground and there is a cavern underneath that was reserved for sacrificial oxen and sheep. The cattle were slaughtered at a slaughterhouse about 500 meters away and brought here for sacrifice. All in all, it can be said this walkway did serve as bridge and can be looked upon as the first cloverleaf in Beijing.
Looking back at the thoroughfare, you may realize that this walk is gaining height toward its northern end. As people approach the architectural group of the Hall of Prayer for good Harvest, the flanking groves of cypress recede and perspective widens. Here you are in Heaven.
(Costume-Changing Terrace)
The marble terrace up ahead is called jufutai, or Costume Changing Terrace. It is located to the
4 east of the Red Stairway Bridge and covers a space of 25 square meters .IT has marble Slab balustrades. The day before the service, officials in charge would put up a yellow satin tent on the terrace for the emperor to change out of his yellow dragon robe into blue ceremonial clothes. After the service, the emperor would return to the tent and change back into his imperial robe before returning to the palace. (Proceed to the South Gate of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest)
(At the Gate of Prayer for Good Harvest)
This structure is called the Gate of Pray for Good Harvest. We can catch a slight glimpse of the central building, the Hall of Prayer for Good harvest, though the colonnade of the Gate. A gigantic and lofty group of buildings, the complex includes the Gate of Prayer for Good Harvest, the hall of prayer for good harvest, eastern and western annex halls, the Huanqian (Imperial heaven) Long corridor, Heaven Kitchen, slaughterhouse, etc. The annex halls were symmetrically built on a 1.5-meter-hignbrick-and-marble terrace, to set off the loftiness and magnificence of the main hall .This unique building, 38 meters in height, is characterized by a cone-shaped structure with triple eaves and a top that is crowned by a gilt ball. The roofing is made of blue glazed tiles, the color of the sky .Underneath the roof, the beams and bracket are decorated with colored paintings. The base of the structure is a triple-tiered, circular marble terrace. At a distance, the terrace looks like a gigantic, spiraling cloud with the structure perched on top of it.
Today the hall of prayer for good harvest is the hallmark of Beijing, which enjoys a prolonged history of civilization.
(At the base of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest)
The base of the hall is a triple-tiered, circular marble terrace, which is 90 meters in diameter and 6 meters in height, covering a space of 4,000 square meters. Meticulous accuracy was given to the layout of the structure. In the middle of each three-tiered flight of stairs, there is a giant marble ramp carved in cloud, dragon and phoenix designs. To set off the ramps, the top of the balustrades and down pipes are designed with corresponding floral scrolls. In southern part of each tier, a gigantic bronze incense burner is placed. Sandalwood was burnt in them when rites were observed.
(In front of the hall of Prayer for good harvest)
Climbing up this marble terrace, we see the main hall, a masterpiece of ancient China. Looking up you will see the caisson, or covered ceiling, characterized by complex designs of dragons and phoenixes. In and out, the hall is decorated with colored drawing of dragons and phoenixes.
Without the use of steel, cement and nail, and even without the use of big beams and crossbeams, the entire structure is supported by 28 massive wooden pillars and number of bars, laths, joints and rafters. The four central pillars, called the dragon-Well Pillars, are 19.2 meters high and painted with designs of composite followers, representing the four seasons. There are two rings of 12
5 scarlet pillars each. The inner ring represents the 12 months and the outer rings the 12 divisions of the day and night .Between the two rings there are 24 partitioned spaces to mark the solar terms of the Chinese lunar year. The pillars, 28 in number, also represent the 28 constellations in the universe- the ancient Chinese believed that there were 28 constellations that made up the sky.
The center of the stone-paved floor is a round marble slab, which is 88.5 centimeters in diameter. Interestingly, the slab features natural black and white veins, corresponding to the dragon-phoenix design on the ceiling. This particular slab is known as the Dragon-phoenix stone and is regarded as a treasure inseparable from the hall.
The furnishings within the hall are placed in their original positions dating back to when Emperor Xianfeng ruled .In the forefront and above the throne are enshrined tablets in commemoration of Heaven. On either table on each side tablets of the emperor` s ancestors were placed. Each tablet is fronted by an altar. A total of 24 kinds of offering were made on it, including soup, wine, assorted cereals, and a calf.
The sacrificial rites were observed in the wee hours of the morning, sometime in the first month of the Chinese lunar year. Because it was still dark, candles, lanterns and torches were lit. This lighting coupled with the incense being burnt inside the hall, helped make the ceremony both grand and mystical.
By the time the service began, 207 musicians and dancers would be performing on platforms outside the hall. The emperor, in his blue sacrificial robe and with an air of piety and sincerity, would walk slowly into the hall, kowtow, and offer wine and prayer in honor of the deities and his ancestors. All of the offerings would then be taken to incinerators on the eastern side of the gate of prayer for Good Harvest. With this we conclude our visit to the Temper of Heaven. The feudal monarchs and their sacrificial rites have long vanished in history .However, this group of magnificent and lofty structures remain as a fine testament of the ancient Chinese` s ingenuity and as one of the cultural heritages of mankind.
(On the Long Corridor)
From the Eastern Gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest, we have now entered a 300-meter-long corridor. Consisting of 72 sections, this corridor served as a connecting building between the Slaughterhouses. Heaven Kitchen, and the main hall, It is said that this once served as a sacrificial food production line. Flanking the corridor are shopping stalls. You may find some souvenirs for your family and friend there.
Well, that is all for this tour. Thank you for your attention. I look forward to your next visit. Good luck and bon voyage.