第一篇：英译汉十大翻译技巧
北外口译翻译技巧资料(英译汉)
英译汉
Chapter One 词义的选择、引申和褒贬 一.词义的选择
(一)根据词性 He likes physics. They are shining like gold. Like knows like. (二) 根据上下文联系 He is the last man to do it. He should be the last to blame. He is the last man to come. He is the last person for such a job.
二.词义的引申
(一)将词义做抽象化的引申
1.将表示具体形象的词译成该形象代表的属性
Every life has its roses and thorns.每个人的生活有甜有苦。 There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of them. 他们的性格既残暴，又狡猾。
2.将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代表的词 see-sawing between partly good and faintly bad 时好时坏这两种情况不断地交替出现 Their troops goosestepped into power. 他们的军队耀武扬威地夺取了政权。
(二)将词义做具体化的引申
The car in front of me stopped and I missed the green. 我前面的车停下来了，我错过了绿灯。
三.词义的褒贬
(一)英语中有些词本身具有褒贬意义 He was a man of high renown. 他是位有名望的人。
His notoriety didn’t come until his death. 他的恶名是他死后才传开的。
(二)中立意义的词在上下文中译出褒贬
The politician talked about his hopes and ambitions. 我们要求他谈了他的希望和抱负
He had lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds. 他欺骗了我，使我成了他进行罪恶勾当的工具。
练习: Information technology will be at the heart of global economic competition in the 21st century. 信息技术将成为21世纪全球经济竞争的中心。
The largest American cities are a diverse group, but they share certain problems. 美国的大城市形形色色，却有许多共同的问题。
The expansion of educational opportunities promoted the American ideal of equal opportunity for all. 由于教育不断普及，推动了机遇面前人人平等的美国理想的实现。 Race relations in the US continue to be a thorny problem. 美国的种族关系一直是棘手的问题。
The diverse population presents great challenges to the society, racism and discrimination remain problems. 多民族的人口结构也给社会带来一定的问题，种族歧视和偏见依然存在。
Both newspapers and magazines are heavily dependent on advertising for financial support. 报纸和杂志的经费来源主要是依靠广告收入。
Geography has given the US extensive and accessible resources, fertile land, and a beneficial climate. 地理位置为美国提供了丰富的可利用资源，肥沃的土地和有利的气候。 The percentage of US children living without their father present has ballooned. 美国没有父亲的单亲孩子比例激增。
The American greeting card and decoration industries encourage the celebration of both religious and secular holidays. 美国的节日贺卡和装饰业增添了宗教节日和习俗节日的欢乐气氛。
Between 1689 and 1763, Great Britain and France fought a series of wars which involved the North American colonies. 1689年至1763年间英法两国连年战争，使北美的欧洲殖民地也卷入其中。
The modern American economy has never been completely free from government involvement。 现代美国经济从来没有完全脱离过政府的干预。
The increase in DINK families has shattered the traditional idea of Chinese family。 丁克家庭的增长冲击了传统的中国家庭观念。
Chapter Two 词类转译 一.转译为动词 1.名词转译为动词
Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已用来探索宇宙。
2.含有动词意味的名词转译为动词
The sight and sound of our plane filled me with special longing. 看到我们的飞机，听到飞机的声音，令我特别神往。
3.英语中以er结尾的名词在句中不指身份和职业，而含有动词意味，译为动词 I think my sister is a better singer than I. 我认为我姐姐比我唱的好。 二.转译为名词 1.名词派生的动词
Formality has always characterized their relationship. 他们之间的关系有一个特点就是以礼相待。 2.名词转化的动词
This machine is designed to burn up if overused. 这个机器，按其设计，如果过度使用就会烧毁。
练习：
For millions of immigrants, the Statue of Liberty was their first sight of the promising land. 数百万移民踏上这片充满希望的土地，第一眼看到的是自由女神像。
One thing that often leads people to move is the desire for better climate, more attractive scenery, more agreeable living. 导致人们迁居的原因往往是向往宜人的气候，迷人的景色和惬意的生活。
The American airline industry has enjoyed significant expansion in the last twenty years. 过去的20年中，美国的航空运输业迅速发展。
The growing concentration of wealth in the hands of a few people raised social and political issues. 财富逐渐集中在少数人手中，引发了许多社会问题和政治问题。
Population grew both as a result of natural increase and of continued immigration. 人口的增长是自然增长和不断移民的结果。
The American economy is organized in single-owner businesses, partnerships and corporations. 美国经济的组织方式是个人所有制，合伙制和公司制。
Chapter Three 分句 合句法 一.分句法
(一)把原句中一个单词译成句子 1.副词
They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all. 他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇。 2.形容词
He talked with understandable pride about his daughter. 他在谈到他女儿的时候很自豪，这是可以理解的。 3.名词
The inside of each house depended on the personality of its owner. 每个房间内怎样的布置，这要看各个使用者的性格了。
(二) 把短语翻译成句子 1.名词短语
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law. 能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。 2.介词短语
Their power increased with their number. 他们人数增加了，力量也随之增加。
(三) 把原文中的一个句子拆开, 变成两个句子
Another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations. 如果该地区再次发生战争, 显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。
His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery. 因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。
二.合句法
(一)把原文中两个或以上的简单句译成一个句子
There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the north. 从全国各地来的人中有许多是北方人。
(二)把原文中的主从复合句译成一句
When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite. 我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是处于礼貌。
练习: Americans pride themselves on their independence and their right to make up their own minds. 美国人有独立的精神，有自主的权利，并为此感到自豪。
The popularity of television and the serious problem of piracy have contributed to the decline of movie industry. 电视普及，盗版问题严重，导致了电影业的衰落。
Hawaii enjoys a mild climate year-round because of the season winds, the temperature varies little from day to night and from summer to winter. 由于受季风影响，夏威夷一年四季如春，春夏秋冬，白天黑夜，温差很小。
Americans take shorter and fewer vacations than people in most other industrialized countries. 与大部分工业化国家相比，美国人休假时间短，休假次数少。
The importance of strengthening ties between the US and China will grow even greater with the beginning of a new century. 随着新世纪的开始，加强美中关系变得越来越重要。
Growing labor shortage in some field will give workers more rights to demand higher wages. 某些产业劳动力日益短缺，将使工人更有权利要求较高的工资。
New York has become one of the largest and most powerful cities in the western world with a population of more than 8 million. 纽约已经成为西方世界最具影响力的大城市之一，目前人口已达800万。
Despite its national wealth, poverty and serious income difference exist throughout the US. 虽然美国是个富裕的国家，但全国仍然存在着贫穷和严重的收入差别问题。
The researchers want to perfect cloning in cows because of the large market for expensive high-quality beef. 科研人员希望完善克隆牛技术，因为昂贵的高质牛肉市场庞大。
Chapter Four 定语从句 一.限制性定从
(一)前置法
There will come a day when people of the world live a happy life under the sun of socialism. 全世界人民在社会主义阳光下过幸福生活的一天是会到来的。
(二)后置法
1.译成并列分句，重复英语先行词 They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍惜的，在过去，许多中国人曾为此牺牲了自己的生命。
He unselfishly contributed his uncommon talents and spirit to this career which today helps him reach his goal. 他把自己非凡的才智和精力无私地献给了这项事业，而这项事业今天已使他实现了目标。 2.译成并列分句，省略英语先行词
It is he who received the letter that announced the death of his uncle. 是他接到那封信，说他的叔叔去世了。
(三)融合法
There are many people who want to see the film. 许多人要看这部电影。 二.非限制性定语从句
(一)前置法
Her laughter, which was very infectious, broke the silence. 她的富有感染力的笑声打破了沉默。
(二)后置法 1.译成并列分句
(1)从句后置，重复关系词代表的含义
They toured the Forbidden city, where the Chinese emperors had once lived in lofty splendor. 他们参观了紫禁城，从前的中国皇帝曾在那里过着奢华显赫的生活。 (2)从句后置，省略关系词代表的含义
After dinner, they resumed their talk, which continued well into the night. 饭后，他们继续会谈，直到深夜。
(3)从句前置，重复关系词代表的含义
This war, however, more complex than the last one, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories. 上一次战争是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场，资源和领土的冲突，而这次战争却比上一次复杂。
2.译成独立句
He had talked to the president, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done. 他和总统谈过话，总统向他保证，凡是能作到的都将去做。
第二篇：常用英文翻译十大技巧
作者:netboy 日期:2007-07-27 字体大小: 小 中 大
英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中，也可以运用于口译过程中，而且应该用得更加熟练，因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。
一、增译法
指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。如：
①、What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何? (增译主语和谓语)
②、If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.
要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句)
③、Indeed, the reverse is true. 实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词)
④、就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。
Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词)
⑤、只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。
While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. (增译连词)
⑥、这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。
This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增译介词)
⑦、在人权领域，中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。
In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.(增译暗含词语)
⑧、三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.(增译注释性词语)
二、省译法
这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。又如：
①、You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing. 你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。(省译物主代词)
②、I hope you will enjoy your stay here. 希望您在这儿过得愉快。(省译物主代词)
③、中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。
The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection. (省译名词)
三、转换法
指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。具体的说，就是在词性方面，把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成副词和短语。在句子成分方面，把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。在句型方面，把并列句变成复合句，把复合句变成并列句，把状语从句变成定语从句。在语态方面，可以把主动语态变为被动语态。如：
①、我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。
Our instituteis co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government. (名词转动词)
②、Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.
孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。(名词转动词)
③、由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。
Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensivenational strength has greatly improved. (动词转名词)
④、I’m all for you opinion. 我完全赞成你的意见。(介词转动词)
⑤、The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people.
改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。(动词转名词)
⑥、In his article the author is critical of man’s negligence toward his environment. 作者在文章中，对人类疏忽自身环境作了批评。(形容词转名词)
⑦、In some of the European countries, the people are given the biggest social benefits such as medical insurance.在有些欧洲国家里，人民享受最广泛的社会福利，如医疗保险等。(被动语态转主动语态)
⑧、时间不早了，我们回去吧! We don’t have much time left. Let’s go back. (句型转换)
⑨、学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。
All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically. (名词转副词)
四、拆句法和合并法
这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子，通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句，一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合，结构较松散，因此简单句较多;英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句;而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处，以及意群结束处将长句切断，译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序，顺译全句，顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。如：
①、Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.
同中国加强合作，符合美国的利益。 (在主谓连接处拆译)
②、I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitalityfor which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.
我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。(在定语从句前拆译) ③、This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth, who see Britain’s membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account.
英联邦各国尤其如此，它们认为英国加入欧共体，将能保证欧共体的政策照顾到它们的利益。(在定语从句前拆译)
④、中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。
China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.(合译)
五、正译法和反译法
这两种方法通常用于汉译英，偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译，是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果，但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。如： ①、在美国，人人都能买到枪。
In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正译)
In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反译)
②、你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。
You can obtain this information on the Internet. (正译)
This information is accessible/available on the Internet. (反译)
③、他突然想到了一个新主意。
Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译)
He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译)
A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. (反译) ④、他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。
He still could not understand me. (正译)
Still he failed to understand me. (反译)
⑤、无论如何，她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。
She can hardly be rated as a bright student. (正译)
She is anything but a bright student. (反译)
⑥、Please withholdthe document for the time being.
请暂时扣下这份文件。(正译)
请暂时不要发这份文件。(反译)
六、倒置法
在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。如：
①、At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.
此时此刻，通过现代通信手段的奇迹，看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何其他这样的场合都要多。(部分倒置)
②、I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.
我坚信，英国依然应该是欧共体中的一个积极的和充满活力的成员，这是符合我国人民利益的。(部分倒置)
③、改革开放以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。
Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置)
七、包孕法
这种方法多用于英译汉。所谓包孕是指在把英语长句译成汉语时，把英语后置成分按照汉语的正常语序放在中心词之前，使修饰成分在汉语句中形成前置包孕。但修饰成分不宜过长，否则会形成拖沓或造成汉语句子成分在连接上的纠葛。如：
①、You are the representative of a country and of a continent to which China feels particularly close.
您是一位来自于使中国倍感亲切的国家和大洲的代表。
②、What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend those differences.
使我们走到一起的，是我们有超越这些分歧的共同利。
八、插入法
指把难以处理的句子成分用破折号、括号或前后逗号插入译句中。这种方法主要用于笔译中。偶尔也用于口译中，即用同位语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解释性成分。
如：如果说宣布收回香港就会像夫人说的"带来灾难性的影响"，那我们要勇敢地面对这个灾难，做出决策。
If the announcement of the recovery of Hong Kong would bring about, as Madam put it, "disastrous effects," we will face that disaster squarelyand make a new policy decision.
九、重组法
指在进行英译汉时，为了使译文流畅和更符合汉语叙事论理的习惯，在捋清英语长句的结构、弄懂英语原意的基础上，彻底摆脱原文语序和句子形式，对句子进行重新组合。
如：Decision must be made very rapidly; physical enduranceis tested as much as perception, because an enormous amount of time must be spent making certain that the key figures act on the basis of the same information and purpose.
必须把大量时间花在确保关键人物均根据同一情报和目的行事，而这一切对身体的耐力和思维能力都是一大考验。因此，一旦考虑成熟，决策者就应迅速做出决策。
十、综合法
是指单用某种翻译技巧无法译出时，着眼篇章，以逻辑分析为基础，同时使用转换法、倒置法、增译法、省译法、拆句法等多种翻译技巧的方法。
如：How can the European Union contribute to the development of a European film and television program industry which is competitive in the world market, forward-looking and capable of radiatingthe influence of European culture and of creating jobs in Europe?
欧洲联盟应该怎样做才能对欧洲的电影电视工业有所贡献，使它在国际市场上具有竞争能力，使它有能力发挥欧洲文化的影响，并且能够在欧洲创造更多的就业机会呢?
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第三篇：大一英译汉翻译考试
英译汉
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2. I wanted nothing more than to find my way safely to my dorm room 我只是想顺顺当当地找到自己宿舍的路No matter how mature I liked to consider myself , I was feeling just a bit first gradish 无论我自己以为有多么成熟，我依旧感觉像一
年级新生似的
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16. And that’s when I realized I had been taking myself for too seriously 这时我才意识到之前自己太天真了 Your mother want’s flowers,she can plant them here,where there’slot’s of sun你妈妈喜欢花，这儿阳光充足，她可以在这栽些花 I was learning what it meant to have a father 我也开始体会到有一个父亲意味着什么 Soon after we moved to the suburbs,one of our new neighbors introduced herself to me在我们搬进郊区不久后，一位新邻居向我们自报家门 I never believed I would do that well and probably wouldn’thave if it had not been for profressorFine’sencouragement我从未想过能做的那样出色，要不是费恩教授的鼓励，我也根本不可能获得这样好的成绩 Despite what the profressor had said, it was hard work and took concentration and occasional help from friends尽管有教授的许诺，整个过程还是非常辛苦，需要专注，偶尔还要求助于同学 It makes you feel better to know you will get some medicine知道会得到你想要的药会让你感觉好些 It is as if there was a doctor in each of us这就好像我们身体里有个医生 The success of this treatment seems to rest a lot with the relationship between the patient and the doctor 这种治疗的成功似乎在很大
程度上取决于病人与医生之间的关系
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19. He had read the entire World Book Encyclopedia by the age of nine他就随时就读完了《世界百科全书》 Operators were required to learn complex computer languages before the machines world be used 操作者在使用机器之前必须先学
会复杂的计算机语言
汉译英
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13. 他只不过是想帮帮她 He wanted nothing more than to help her无论我怎么努力，都不能改变他的注意 No matter how hard I tried ,I wouldn’t change his mind别把这次失败太当回事，你以后还会有机会的 Don’t take the failure too seriously and you’ll have other chance later 你可以把车停在这里，因为这儿有停车标志 You can park your car here,where’s a parking sign她现在还不明白做一个母亲意味着什么 She still doesn’t understand what it meant to be a mother年轻人走进办公室后，就向大家做了自我介绍 After he entered the office, the young man introduced himself to others 假如没有你的帮助，我是不可能及时赶上火车的 Had it not been for your help,I wouldn’t have caught the train on time不管妻子怎么说，他任然工作到深夜 Despite what his wife said, he still work till late into night 听到要加薪，这使他工作努力 It made him work harder to hear he would get arise in salary 这就好像你坐在一架正在起飞的飞机里 It is as ifyou were sitting in a airplane that is taking off这部戏的成功取决于我们每个人的表演 The success of play rest with the performance of all of us到去年年底我们已经学完了整本英语书 We had studied the entire English book by the end of last year近战之前所有的乘客都必须出示车票All passengers are required to show their tickets before entering the railway station
第四篇：英译汉-文体翻译(1)新闻
第六单元文体翻译
第一节新闻报道
一、新闻翻译的特点
1、翻译讲求实效
2、可以适当增减
翻译：遵循翻译标准进行全文翻译。
编译：紧扣原作主题思想，从原作选取最有价值的内容，遵循篇章构建的一般规律，基本按照原作的时间先后顺序和逻辑关系组织行文，再按照翻译的一般原则，将其译成目的语的过程。(王涛 2004)
摘译：摘取一些认为重要的或者说传达了重要信息的段落和内容。(俞建村 2001)(注意：必须完整地翻译抽取的内容。)
参见教材第十章 ―翻译的类型‖ p135.
3、符合写作要求
(1)手法：
以尽可能有趣的方式将一定事实展现出来。
(2)结构：
编年史法(chronological method )：
依照事实发生先后按时间顺序叙述。
新闻导语法(news lead method )：
依照事实的重要性来铺陈、排列事实。
(3)语言：
具体、准确、简明、通俗、生动。
4、内容力求准确
二、新闻的翻译
标题的翻译
电头的翻译
导语的翻译
正文的翻译
了解背景知识
例：
US Missile Targets Iraqi Radar Site
WASHINGTON: A United States Air Force F-16 fighter plane fired a missile at an Iraqi radar site after the jet was tracked electronically while in the ―no-fly‖ zone over southern Iraq, the Pentagon said yesterday.
But the White House, explaining a long delay in announcing the strike, said it was unclear whether Iraqi radar has ―locked on‖ to the plane on Saturday.
A Pentagon spokesman said the F-16 returned safely to its base in Saudi Arabia. It was not immediately known if the Iraqi site was damaged. The spokesman, confirming the strike about 18 hours after it occurred, said an investigation was under way. Iraq denied any such incident had taken place.美导弹击中伊拉克雷达基地
华盛顿电：五角大楼昨日宣称：一架美空军F-16战斗机在伊拉克南部禁飞区被电子跟踪后，向伊一雷达基地发射了导弹。
但是白宫在解释拖延很久才公布这次打击行动的原因时称：星期六时尚不清楚伊雷达是否已―锁定‖了这架飞机。
五角大楼的一位发言人说，该F—16战斗机已安全返回设在沙特阿拉伯的基地，伊雷
达站是否被摧毁尚无法立刻得知。该发言人在这次打击行动发生18小时后证实了此事，并说正在进行调查。伊拉克却否认有此事件发生。
1、标题的翻译
特点：
简明扼要，立意新颖，生动醒目而又不拘一格。
例：Boy, 7, killed by ejection from cockpit of navy jet
PLO says big Israeli drive ahead
Irish demo clash
START announced to begin June 29
(1)缩略词语
缩写词
例1：NPC
CPPCC
OPEC
UNESCO
例2： VIP
CEO
PM
MP
例3： PC
UFO
TB
DJI
缩略词主要包括机构名称、人物或职位名称和日常熟知的事物。
简缩词
例1：copter
flu
lib
telly
biz
例2：ecopolitics
Reaganomics
例3：Brez
Maggie
(2)简短表达
例1：Cops under fire
Population shock
Starvation
例2：the 43-year Arab-Israeli conflict
the President’s cease-fire announcement
farm product
例3.Nuke protestors
Police killer’s jail death not unexpected
(3)―时髦‖新词
例：moon walk
earth rise
capitalese
containerization
catch
feed
machine
shuttle diplomacy
a ―yesable‖ proposition
(4)省略现象
例1：Patient loses heart, gets 3rd
例2：Bankers keep silent as dollar falls
例3：Economists told China’s program unchanged
例4：Anne and baby are well
(5)时态
例1：Mount. St. Helens erupts
Non-aligned body makes new effort
例2：Thatcher tells why she fired minister
Nehru backed Tibet uprising—rebel chief
例3：Opposition to Viet invasion force growing
India mending fences
例4：Australia to import diesels from China
Pope to visit Japan in February
2、电头
电头，又叫做“消息头”。指电讯稿件播发的新闻单位、地点、时间的说明，也有只说明新闻单位和时间。稿件用¡°电报电传电话¡±等方式发往外地称“电”，发给当地的称“讯”。 新闻通讯社的稿件常常以“××社××地×月×日电”作为电头。“本报讯”“本台讯”则是为了表明这篇稿件是自己的记者或者通讯员的作品，如果是外埠采访也必须注明发稿的地点时间，可以写成本台××地×月×日专电。
熟悉主要通讯社和媒体的名称、简称等。
例：AP
UPI
Reuters
AFP
Xinhua
Chinanews
Kyodo
Efe
3、导语
新闻导语——是就以简要的文句，突出最重要、最新鲜或最富有个性特点的事实，提示新闻要旨，吸引读者阅读全文的消息的开头部分。
翻译导语时要使用清晰、简洁、生动的词语突出主要信息。
例1. Beijng, August 19(Reuter) –Thepresident’s visit has turned a new page in relation between the two countries，mass media here say.译：路透社北京8月19日电，此间新闻界认为，总统此次来访为两国关系揭开了新的一页。 例2. London, Oct 20(Reuter via Xinhua)—London market closed mixed on profit taking after a higher opening in fairly active trading, it was announced herel.
译：新华社转引路透社10月20日电，此间人士称，伦敦股市开市时股价上扬，交易相当活跃。由于一些持股者获利后抛盘，收盘时有涨有跌。
4、正文
(1)形象化、口语化词汇
例1： Pioneer colleges face axe
Chun axes 37 judges in shake-up
British students knifed in France
China says ―yes‖ to talks with Moscow
(2)抽象化词汇
例1： Penal experts say studies have shown that imprisonment is not a deterrent to crime.
例2：The mechanics of this indoctrination are familiar to everyone—the Pledge of Allegiance, the National Anthem, the Solute to the Flag.
例3：A lot of Diana’s appeal comes from her stunning physical presence.
例4：Alternatives are available at every stage of the judicial process from arrest to sentencing.
(3)词语借代
例:French election results annoy Moscow
Talks on Africa at No. 10
$227 billion tax on crude oil is cleared by Hill
(4)结构松散
例1：Mr. Carter said that the Soviet leader’s response to the message, sent on Friday, had been inadequate.
译文：卡特先生说，苏联领导人对(美国)星期五发出的电报的回复，不足以说明问题。
例2：The announcement on the failure of the mission, which apparently originated in Egypt, come form the White House spokesman Jody Powell expressed deep regret at the deaths of the American Forces involved.
译文：白宫发言人佐迪·鲍威尔宣布拯救行动失败，对参加此役的美国部队的死亡事故深表遗憾;而这次拯救行动显然是从埃及出发的。
练习
Kan inspects quake-hit region
Prime Minister Naoto Kan has visited an emergency-stricken nuclear power plant in Fukushima Prefecture and inspected the quake-hit Pacific coast, northeastern Japan.
Kan left Tokyo on a Self-Defense Force helicopter on Saturday morning for the Fukushima No.1 nuclear plant.
The head of the plant, which is operated by Tokyo Electric Power Company, briefed the prime minister on the current status of the plant and responses to the situation.
Kan instructed the plant chief to place top priority on the safety of local residents and take proper and swift responses.
Later by helicopter, Kan inspected the quake-battered coastal areas, including the cities of Sendai and Ishinomaki in Miyagi Prefecture. He watched a blazing industrial complex and residential districts devastated by tsunami waves.
On returning to his official residence in Tokyo, the prime minister told reporters that he felt the damage wrought by the tsunamis is very serious.参考译文
菅直人今早视察灾区
日本首相菅直人亲自前往已宣布实施―紧急状态‖的福岛第一核电站，同时还视察了东北部沿海的地震灾区。
今天(周六)早晨，菅直人乘坐自卫队直升机出发前往东京电力公司福岛第一核电站视察。
核电站负责人就设施状况、恢复措施等做出了说明，在听取汇报之后，菅直人首相表示，要以周围居民的安危为重，希望尽快落实应对措施。
随后，菅直人首相还从空中视察了宫城县仙台市、石卷市等遭受海啸侵袭的沿岸地区，亲眼目睹了正在燃烧的工业园区，以及海啸过后砖瓦散乱，积水不退的居民住宅等。
菅直人首相返回首相官邸后，对记者们表示，他亲身体会到了海啸灾情十分严重。
中文报道
菅直人今早视察灾区
日本首相菅直人今天(12日)亲自要求视察灾区。早上6点，菅直人乘坐自卫队直升机从首相官邸出发，前往已宣布实施―紧急状态‖的东京电力福岛第一核电站视察。
核电站负责人就设施状况、恢复措施等做出了说明，在听取汇报之后，菅直人首相表示，要以周围居民的安危为重，希望尽快落实应对措施。
此后，菅直人首相还从空中视察了宫城县仙台市、石卷市等遭受海啸侵袭的沿岸地区，亲眼目睹了正在燃烧的集装箱，以及海啸过后砖瓦散乱，积水不退的居民住宅等。
菅直人首相上午11点前返回首相官邸，他表情严肃地对记者们说，他亲身体会到了海啸灾情十分严重。
第五篇：《实用翻译教程》英译汉课堂练习（11）
参考答案
早春的一个晴天，大街上阳光灿烂。一群穿着假日衣服的小孩子正在街上玩球。这时简易公寓的窗户大多打开了。刚刮过脸的男人穿着汗衫、内衣，女人系着围裙或者披着邋遢的粉红罩衫，他们都靠在窗口漫无目的地望着街头，望着天空和街上的行人。差不多每个星期日早晨，这些人总是这样消遣日子，直到夏天。现在刚刚春到人间，他们便已各就各位了。大街上玩得兴致勃勃的小孩子在嘻嘻哈哈吵吵嚷嚷，跳绳小姑娘们的鞋子发出踢哒踢哒的响声，还有好些收音机传来隐隐约约的声音，这些声音响彻全街。
在这人们习以为常的场面上，突然闯出了一个不速之客：一辆奇行怪状、装着玻璃窗的“救护车”。车子悄悄地开进街道，缓缓移动，司机在寻找门牌号码，随即在一座出租公寓前停下。这是一幢简陋的四层楼房，黄色砖墙上熏满煤烟。窗口上的人目光顿时都转向这辆“救护车”，大街上所有游戏都停了下来，“救护车”前一会儿就围满了孩子。
知情的人正跟别人讲“救护车”的来历。一个小时前，就来过一辆警车。再早些时候，煤气公司有两个人也来过。因为这幢房子里散发出的煤气味太浓了，就连去教堂的人经过时都闻到了。
这时，周围公寓楼的窗口又出现了许多新面孔，这些人眼睛全集中到黄砖房子的门口。谁也不说话，谁也不走开，谁也不下楼来。
“救护车”驾驶室里两个人下车刚进屋，一个身体结实、面色黄黄的金发小孩就翘起大拇指，对其他一些人轻声说：“妈呀，他们又有活干了。”
另一个胖胖的小伙子诙谐地回答说：“矮小子，总有一天他们会把你也抬下去。”
公寓门又开了，谈话也停止了。两位司机从公寓里出来，走到“救护车”后面打开门。里面一片刷白，看上去十分卫生，几口没上漆、没盖子的松木棺材上下堆着。两个人从最上面取下一口。孩子们全都屏息静气，连最小的那个孩子也没吭声。后头那个抬棺材的人把棺材往自己大腿上一搁，腾出一只手关好车门。两人又走进公寓，小孩子们跟在后边。房东太太关上门，紧靠门边，抱着双臂说：“走开”。
抬棺材的人又出来了。棺材里装着一位不知姓名的人，用黑帆布裹着。小孩子用急切而迷惘的眼神盯着瞧，显然他们还不能完全理解是怎么一回事。年纪大些的小伙子站在一块，咬紧双唇，全神贯注地望着。金发小胖子立刻在胸口划十字，祈求上帝保佑。