中国十大濒危动物资料

2023-05-17

第一篇:中国十大濒危动物资料

救救濒危野生动物

《救救濒危野生动物》说课稿

各位评委、各位老师,大家好!我是来自黑河市实验小学的教师——车宏,今天我说课的内容是上科教版《综合实践活动》课本,四年级下册,第四主题《动物——人类的朋友》中的活动三《救救濒危野生动物》。

一、教材理解

教材简析

《救救濒危野生动物》是在《动物园里的动物过的好吗》《奇妙的动物仿生》 两课之后,根据学生现有的知识水平,对课程资源进行整合而设计的。意在让学生在活动中通过搜集的资料了解我国濒危野生动物,知道动物濒危的原因,了解不保护野生动物的危害,培养学生对濒危野生动物的保护意识。使他们真正感受到动物是人类的朋友,增强责任心和爱心。教学目标

根据综合实践活动课程“密切学生与生活的联系,推进学生对自然的整体认识,初步形成自觉保护周围自然环境的意识和能力”这一具体目标,同时在理解教材和对学生了解的情况下,我确定了如下教学目标。

(1)初步了解我国有哪些濒危野生动物及它们的分布,知道动物濒危的原因。

(2)了解不保护濒危野生动物的危害,知道保护自然环境的重要性。

(3)能主动、自觉地发出倡议,请人们不要食用、捕杀濒危野生动物,并能在学校、街道、社区等范围内进行大力宣传。

教学重难点

根据以上的教学目标,以及四年级学生们的能力,结合这节课的活动特点,确定本节课的教学重难点为:了解不保护濒危野生动物的危害,知道保护自然环境的重要性。并能通过各种形式的实践活动培养保护濒危野生动物的责任心和爱心。

教学准备

这一节课离学生生活较远,为了提高课堂教学效率,更好地达成教学目标,课前教师准备了多媒体课件、还让学生多渠道的搜集了濒危野生动物的资料。

二、学情分析

从学生的心理特点来看:四年级学生仍旧延续了儿童对新事物的好奇,对课堂教学的活动形式较感兴趣。从学生能力发展来看:他们具有一定的搜集处理信息的能力,掌握了一定的整理资料方法。

三、教法、学法

教法

教无定法,贵在得法。 根据小学生的身心特点和行为习惯的养成规律,结合新课标提出的要求,我采用了以下教法 。

情境教学法:在学生初步了解濒危野生动物的分布、生活习性与濒危的原因这两个环节中,我运用直观形象的多媒体课件和生动而富有激励性的语言创设情境,有效的激发学生学习兴趣。拉近学生与濒危动物的距离。

开放性教学法:从课前开放性课外作业的布置,到课中采取小组交流、课上展示交流的方法,把课堂交给学生,给学生搭建展示的平台。

学法

自主学习、合作探究法:在课内采用交流法、分组讨论法,让学生积极交流共同探讨,主动参与到实践活动救救濒危野生动物的宣传活动中去。

四、教学流程

在教学活动中,我设计了四个环节:1、创设情景,揭示课题。2、资料交流,深化扩展。

3、感悟理解,合作探究。4、增强意识,付诸行动 。

1、创设情景,揭示课题。

俗话说:“良好的开端就是成功的一半。”好的情境营造能迅速引领学生走进情感的天堂,激发它们学习兴趣。因此在教学初始,我出示两段动物图片的短片请学生进行观看。第一段短片是一些常见的动物,图片上的动物也展现的有趣、可爱,背景音乐也是欢快的。短片一出现,学生就大声叫出动物的名字,学生的情感立刻激发出来。但是当学生在看第二短段片时,背景音乐发生了变化,变得悲哀、忧伤,出现的动物图片学生也不能一一叫出名字,引出了学生的思考,原来这些动物有的已经灭绝了,有的正在灭绝,进而使学生产生了解濒危原因的欲望,情绪由高兴开始变得有些悲伤,为学生接下来的情感交流铺好道路。2、资料交流,深化扩展。

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此环节分为四个步骤:

(1)读教材知道我国的四种濒危野生动物,通过学生课前收集的资料简单了解它们的分布、生活习性和外形特点。

(2)学生在小组内交流搜集到的资料,各小组选代表在班上交流。学生了解更多濒危野生动物的情况。

(3)投影出示世界、我国最濒危野生动物,教师对投影的内容进行简单介绍。学生对濒危野生动物的了解更全面了。

(4)利用书上的表格(填写濒危动物及分布)进行比赛,检查他们对濒危野生动物的了解情况。

以上四个环节以教材为基础,以学生、老师收集的资料为辅助,层层深入的让孩子了解、认识濒危野生动物的情况。为进一步调动学生的情趣,激发学生的兴趣,了解动物濒危的原因打下基础。

这一环节的设计指导学生系统的搜集信息,把学生的课堂开放到大自然和社会生活中,让学生综合运用自己的知识储备方式,到图书馆、书店、网上查阅有关动物的资料,不仅是对学生综合实践活动进行价值判断的需要,也是对学生实践能力的培养,是主动活动和自主探索的学习过程。

3、合作探究,感悟理解。

此环节分为 两个步骤:

(1)了解濒危野生动物面临的困境。

(2)野生动物的减少或灭绝,对我们人类会有什么影响?

在了解濒危野生动物面临困境时分四步走:

1、学生读教材知道华南虎面临的困境。

2、通过学生搜集的资料了解藏羚羊面临的困境。 同时播放猎杀臧羚羊视频资料和相关的文字介绍。揭示藏羚羊濒危的原因是因为其外层皮毛下面被称为沙图什的绒毛异常精细,可以用来织成华丽的披肩, 利润惊人刺激了盗猎分子的欲望,使他们大肆猎杀。

3、学生出示事先搜集的图表揭示许多动物的灭绝的根本原因是巨额的利润使盗猎者伸出贪婪之手。

4、学生交流自己所了解濒危野生动物濒危的其他原因。

这一环节的设计是在学生交流搜集信息后,引导学生对文字信息的整理加工的过程中,总结出野生动物濒危的原因有:自然灾害的直接破坏;物种的自身原因;栖息地的破坏与丧失;乱捕滥杀;环境污染。让学生意识到动物的濒危我们人类起着决定性的作用。

野生动物的减少或灭绝,对我们人类会有什么影响?在解决这一问题时出示生物链示意图,通过学生对生物链的理解, 和四年前令世界恐慌的非典给我们的警示。让学生们意识到大自然中的生物链是一环扣一环的,野生动物也是大自然生物链中的一环, 没有众多野生动

物,就不会有和谐的自然,人类也不能很好的生存。

4、增强意识,付诸行动。

在以上三个环节基础上,围绕“我们为拯救野生动物做些什么”这一话题,师生共同讨论制定保护濒危野生动物的宣传方案。设计的方案大致分标语、倡议书、拍手歌等几种。孩子们准备走进餐馆、饭店,走进商场、狩猎场,用标语宣传保护濒危野生动物。如:“鲜美的野味背后是猎人冰冷的枪口 ”,这条标语从反面说明了保护动物的重要性,给人类敲响警钟,又如“保护动物光荣,猎杀动物可耻”是根据八荣八耻改的,标语独特,新颖。学生们还要利用网络、电视台、红领巾广播站... ...向人们发出倡议,让我们保护大自然,还濒危野生动物的家园。最有趣的是孩子们编了拍手歌,要去幼儿园向小朋友宣传, 要让小朋友们从小就有保护动物的意识。课堂上,积极保护濒危野生动物的情感感染了师生,大家的感情都专注到与保护野生动物相关的事物上。为把此次活动延伸课外,付诸实践,我要求孩子本课结束后真正走进学校、走上街道、进入社区进行大力宣传。

本环节充分体现综合实践活动 与社会生活紧密相连的特点,从课内走向课外。学生在宽松民主的氛围中,自行设计和组织活动,放飞理想,激活思维,个性得到充分的张扬。在活动中形成保护濒危野生动物的意识。

动物——人类的朋友

活动三:救救濒危野生动物

从我做起保护动物

整个板书内容集中,主题突出,条理清晰,简短明了,富有新意,突出了学生的责任心和爱心。

以上就是我说课的全部内容,我的说课结束,谢谢大家!

第二篇:保护濒危动物英语演讲稿

保护动物倡议书

称呼:

野生动物是人类的朋友,是自然生态系统的重要组成部分,是大自然赋予人类的宝贵自然资源。保护野生动物,维护自然生态平衡,不仅关系到人类的生存与发展,也是衡量一个国家、一个民族、一个城市文明进步的重要标志。

我国是一个野生动物资源非常丰富的国家,但是由於生态环境的恶化、野生动物栖息地的人为破坏,致使我国野生动物的数量、分布范围正日益缩小,许多种类已处於濒临灭绝的状态。近几年,滥食野生动物的现象屡禁不止,使得许多已经处於濒临灭绝的野生动物的处境更加艰难。最近,我报进行的采访调查表明:我市滥食野生动物的现象还十分严重;滥食野生动物的行为也正受到越来越多人们的谴责。要彻底改变滥食野生动物这种不文明的行为,需要社会各界的共同努力。

为此,我们倡议:加大《中华人民共和国野生动物保护法》的普法力度,媒体和社会各有关部门,要进一步加强对保护野生动物的普法、宣传教育工作,使《野生动物保护法》的宣传家喻户晓、深入人心。

我们倡议:保护野生动物是全社会共同的责任。林业、工商、卫生检疫、公安、交通等有关部门认真履行职责,相互配合,坚决打击非法盗猎、非法运输、非法经营野生动物的违法行为。全社会也要积极行动起来,举报并协助执法部门,坚决与各种破坏野生动物的违法行为作斗争。 我们倡议:为了保护港城的生态环境,为了保护野生动物资源,为了我们的身心健康,不食野生动物,树立饮食新观念,摒弃不良饮食陋习,保护野生动物从餐桌做起,争做文明、守法、有爱心的公民。

朋友们,为了人类共同的生存环境,为了让港城成为更加美好的家园,让我们共同努力,一起行动起来,从我做起,从小事做起;让大地处处充满生命的绿色;让野生动物与我们在同一片蓝天下平安地生活。

让我们携手共创21世纪人类与野生动物和谐共存的美好家园!篇二:保护动物的英语作文

animals need protecting animals are natural resources that people have wasted all through our history. animals have been killed for their fur and feathers, for food, for sport, and simply because they were in the way. thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the earth forever. hundreds more are on the danger list today. about 170 kinds in the united states alone are considered in danger. why should people care? because we need animals, and because once they are gone, there will never be any more. animals are more than just beautiful or interesting. they are more than just a source of food. every animal has its place in the balance of nature. destroying one kind of animal can create many problems. for example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks, the farmers stores of corn and grain were destroyed by rats and mice. why? because hawks eat rats and mice, with no hawks to keep down their numbers, the rats and mice multiplied quickly. luckily, some people are working to help save the animals. some groups raise money to let people know about the problem. and they try to get the governments to pass laws protecting animals in danger. quite a few countries have passed laws. these laws forbid the killing of any animal or plant on the danger list. slowly, the number of some animals in danger is growing. 中文: 动物需要保护

动物是自然资源,在整个历史过程中,人类一直在糟蹋着这种资源。人们杀死动物,获得它们的皮毛,把它们当作食物或运动方式,或者只是因为它们碍事。成千上万种动物已经从这个地球上永远地消失了。现在另外上百种动物也上了濒危动物名单。仅荚国大概就有170种被认为处于危险当中。

为什么人们应该感到担忧呢?因为我们需要动物,因为它们一旦消失,就永远不会再出现。动物不仅仅是漂亮或有趣。它们不仅仅是人类的食物来

源。在维持自然平衡中,每种动物都有其作用。毁灭某种动物会导致许多问题。比如,农民们如果杀死为数众多的鹰,他们谷物和粮食的仓库就会受到老鼠和田鼠的破坏。 为什么?因为鹰吃鼠类,没有鹰控制它们的数量,鼠类就会迅速繁殖。

幸运的是,有些人正在努力帮助拯救这些动物。有些组织筹钱以便人们了解这一问题。他们也努力使政府通过保护濒危动物的法律。很多国家已经通过了法律。这些法律禁止杀害濒危名单上的动植物。某些濒危动物的数目正在慢慢地不断上升。篇三:反对虐待动物大学英语演讲稿 class:7 name:马伟凡

protection of animals-no fur 2013 is a significant year for american anti-fur campaign.from september that year,west hollywood has became the first city to ban the sale of fur clothing.so far,there are 339 enterprises have promised not to sell fur products. recently,in a film, which is shot by usa humanitarian association against using animal’s fur in the fashion. the hollystar woody harrelson as a narrator to call for a refusal to wear fur.“it is a difficult thing for people to let them face the behaviors of abusing animals directly,because no one wants to find the truth that how to get animal’s fur.”he said .the video is so impactful ,which will help you know the cost of wearing fur clothes.i really hope fashion designers and costumers can think twice before using and wearing animal’s fur. in the usa,buying fur is considered one of the typical “ politically incorrect”behavious.hilly clinton has suffered losses because of it.at that time,tailoring helped clinton made a mink coat and told the thing to news media. so the ethical treatment of animals was angry. as a result,the peta called on people to stop this “outrage”.finally.cliton admitted that she had a 25-year-old mink coat,she replaced it with a new pieces and gave way to people. according to the international animal protection organization statistics,there are 8 million animal’fur are traded around the world and feeding more than 30 million animals for the purpose of getting their fur. gandi once said:one recognizes the greatness and the moral growth of a country by it treats the animals.”china is the major exporter of fur in the word. its 95% of fur products for export.by now,more than 100 countries have enacted the laws about baning abusing animals. but china just start to do it. as far as i am concerned,something must to be done to stop this outrage.we believe “no buying,no killing” ,if you can agree with that,we must make concerning laws to protect animals.in this way,we can build a harmonious society.篇四:保护动物的英语作文(整理) should animals be trained to help humans? nowadays,many people try to train animals to work for humans.they try to teach them to do many things such as guide dogs,police dogs ,circus animals and so on。a guide dog is trained to help the people with eye illness to live like other people。a police dog is trained to help the police 。and circus animals are trained ust for people to have fun。some people think it is ok,but some don‘t ,like me。 i dont think that animals should be trained to amuse human beings, because animals are our friends. is there anybody will train their friend to amuse themselves?of course not. animals also have minds,feeling just like human beings, so i hope that everyone would treat animals really their friend but not by mouth.people should respect the animals and protect them ,i think。

其他人写的 of course ,i dont agree with that. the animals are humans friends.we should take care of them,but not hurt them.if there is no animal ,the eco-system of the world will be damaged seriously. we should adopt series of practial meansures to improve the current situation. firstly,it is urgent to create nature reserves. secondly, certain rare wild animals that are going to be extinct should be collected, fed and reproduced artificially.some, known as keystone species, play a role in ecosystems that seems out of proportion to their number, such that even small changes in their abundance may have great impacts on the ecosystems in which they live. purchases wildlife under special state protection or the products thereof, and if the circumstances are serious enough to constitute a crime of speculation or smuggling, he shall be prosecuted for criminal responsibility according to the relevant provisions of the criminal law. all relevant depatments must strictly abide by the laws. i think animals should be trained to help humans. there are many people who are alone and lonly in the world. i think they will be very happy if there is a dog who can help them in their daily life. many people who are blind and deaf usually have a difficult life. if the dog can be trained to know some of the simple instructions,such as opening the door, carring the books ect, then those people wont suffer a lot from the life. i once read many stories about the leading dog that help people in the foreign countries. i just think it is necessary to train animals to help people, especially the dogs. i think the dogs are the kindest animals in the world. they can not only protect you but also give you much help if they are well trained. though some people think it will be cruel to train animals and we should respect the rights of animals. i still believe animals should be trained to help people. and i also believe animals will be happy too if they can do as much as they can to help humans. should animals be trained to help humans? depends on it we live in a colorful world. plants、animals grow up around us. we can’t live without them. long long ago, someone found that we could train animals to help humans. the first one is pig, people fed them for eating. but the most useful animal should be dog. dog, which called people’s best friend, helps humans much. it can give you fun, plays with you, catch target or protect us. thanks to the dog, it has been a part of our society. i say that isn’t means animals should be trained to do things just for us. it’s inhuman. animals have its freedom, the gift sent by god. we can’t regard the world as our toys. people just can live harmoniously(和谐地) with natural. nobody can change it. who do the stupid things which destroy the balance will be destroyed too. for us, use something to help humans is ok. but, we should think carefully of the gauge. if we put all the animals in zoos, or trained them to make fun, it’s unacceptable. i think, for some necessary reasons, like eating, we should trained some animals. but not the all. should animals be trained to help humans? nowadays, animal housekeeper and animal guarder are not news. animal training has begun almost in every country, but should animals be trained to help humans? in my opinion, the answer is yes. because we need animals help. in some area, there are many things are beyond humans ability, but animals are able to do then. throughout history, humans have relied on animals traits to get certain job done. for example, we make use of dogs’ sensitive sense of smell to track down odors to help us in finding things which is difficult for humans to do. we also train sea lions to carry video cameras on their backs to record the natural behavior of whales. because humans could never dive to the depths at which whales swim but sea lions can. during our daily life, we also need animals to help us to do some things that are not necessary to do by ourselves. for example, we train monkeys to take care of the quadriplegics, train dogs to lead the blinder as guiders and so on. in a word, we need animals’ help; animals should be trained to help humans. but animals also have emotions, so when we train them to help us, we shouldn’t regard them as slaves, but friends. animals need protecting animals are natural resources that people have wasted all through our history. animals have been killed for their fur and feathers, for food, for sport, and simply because they were in the way. thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the earth forever. hundreds more are on the danger list today. about 170 kinds in the united states alone are considered in danger. why should people care? because we need animals, and because once they are gone, there will never be any more. animals are more than just beautiful or interesting. they are more than just a source of food. every animal has its place in the balance of nature. destroying one kind of animal can create many problems. for example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks, the farmers stores of corn and grain were destroyed by rats and mice. why? because hawks eat rats and mice, with no hawks to keep down their numbers, the rats and mice multiplied quickly. luckily, some people are working to help save the animals. some groups raise money to let people know about the problem. and they try to get the governments to pass laws protecting animals in danger. quite a few countries have passed laws. these laws forbid the killing of any animal or plant on the danger list. slowly, the number of some animals in danger is growing. 中文: 动物需要保护 动物是自然资源,在整个历史过程中,人类一直在糟蹋着这种资源。人们杀死动物,获得它们的皮毛,把它们当作食物或运动方式,或者只是因为它们碍事。成千上万种动物已经从这个地球上永远地消失了。现在另外上百种动物也上了濒危动物名单。仅荚国大概就有170种被认为处于危险当中。 为什么人们应该感到担忧呢?因为我们需要动物,因为它们一旦消失,就永远不会再出现。动物不仅仅是漂亮或有趣。它们不仅仅是人类的食物来源。在维持自然平衡中,每种动物都有其作用。毁灭某种动物会导致许多问题。比如,农民们如果杀死为数众多的鹰,他们谷物和粮食的仓库就会受到老鼠和田鼠的破坏。 为什么?因为鹰吃鼠类,没有鹰控制它们的数量,鼠类就会迅速繁殖。

幸运的是,有些人正在努力帮助拯救这些动物。有些组织筹钱以便人们了解这一问题。他们也努力使政府通过保护濒危动物的法律。很多国家已经通过了法律。这些法律禁止杀害濒危名单上的动植物。某些濒危动物的数目正在慢慢地不断上升。 writing (图画提纲式议论文)篇五:濒危动物 英文 siberian tiger siberian tiger, its english name: siberian tiger known as siberian tigers, originated in northeast asia, namely russia, siberia, korea and northeast china, there are three million years evolutionary history. siberian tiger is the largest existing cats colla kinds of weight, in which the male can reach 2.8 meters in length about 1 meter long tail and weighing nearly 350 kg or so, brown hair color summer and winter hair yellow. on the back and side of the body with multiple narrow black bar stripe, usually around 2 was willow-like. big head, round forehead on a few black stripes and is often collusion between the feeding frenzy, king character, and therefore, king of the jungle is laudatory, the northeast china tiger is a protected species and are included in the grade ⅰ endangered species of wild convention on international trade fauna and flora (cites) appendix. 东北虎,英文名: siberian tiger 又称西伯利亚虎,起源于亚洲东北部,即俄罗斯西伯利亚地区、朝鲜和中国东北地区,有三百万年进化史。东北虎是现存体重最大的猫科亚种,其中雄性体长可达2.8米左右,尾长约1米,体重接近350公斤左右,体色夏毛棕黄色,冬毛淡黄色。背部和体侧具有多条横列黑色窄条纹,通常2条靠近呈柳叶状。头大而圆,前额上的数条黑色横纹,中间常被串通,极似“王”字,故有“丛林之王”之美称,东北虎属中国ⅰ级保护动物并被列入濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约(cites)附录。 arctic wolf this is only the wolfs head to just 3 feet high, long, much like a only a gentlemanly dog. that the color red wolf, gray, white and black. arctic wolves eat moose, fish, other types of wolves, polar bears, lemmings, walrus and rabbits. it also attacks humans and other animals. other types of wolves and humans are the enemy of the arctic wolf, arctic wolf to drink cold water. they use the woods of gray, green and brown as a cover, the arctic wolf has a thick layer of hair, their teeth are very sharp, which helps them to kill their prey. arctic wolf on average every year a mother give birth to 14 coyotes. they usually born in caves, has pure white hair. arctic wolves generally live in the arctic forest. living in the labrador region from canada to the british columbia area, they do not migrate or hibernate. however, due to trees due to human harvesting, pollution and waste, they have lost their place to live. every year at least 196 died arctic wolf. 北极狼

这种狼仅仅只会长到3英尺高,长的很象一只有绅士风度的狗.这种狼的颜色有红色、灰色、白色和黑色。 北极狼吃驼鹿、鱼类、其它种类的狼、北极熊、旅鼠、海象和兔子。它也进攻人类和其他的动物。

其它种类的狼和人类是北极狼的敌人,北极狼喝冷水。它们用林子里的灰色、绿色和褐色作为掩护,北极狼有着一层厚厚的毛,它们的牙齿非常尖利,这有助于它们捕杀猎物。每年一头母北极狼平均会产14头小狼。它们一般诞生在洞穴里,有着纯净的 白色的毛。

北极狼一般生活在北极地区的森林里。生活在从加拿大的拉布拉多地区到英国的哥伦比亚地区,它们不迁徙,也不冬眠。但是由于由于人类的采伐树木、污染和垃圾,它们失去了它们居住的地方。每年至少有196只北极狼死去。 alligator 扬子鳄

是我国特产动物,已频临灭绝。我国已经把它列为国家一级保护动物。扬子鳄身长约2米,像条大蜥蜴。嘴长,里面长着锋利的牙齿。背部暗褐色,有的呈深绿色,腹部灰色,皮肤上覆盖着大鳞片,像全副武装了一样。它四肢粗壮,尾巴特长,其长甚至超过了头和身体长度的总和。人们把扬子鳄称为“活化石”,是因为它在两亿年前的恐龙时代就存在了,由于环境的变化,恐龙等爬行动物灭绝了,而扬子鳄却一直延续到今天。在扬子鳄身上,至今还可以找到恐龙等爬行动物的许多特征。现在,人们研究恐龙时,除了根据恐龙化石以外,也常常以扬子鳄去推断恐龙的生活习性。因此,扬子鳄对于人们研究古代爬行动物的兴衰和研究古地质学的生物进化,都有重要意义。

第三篇:中国十大珍稀动物

一、 古朴国宝:大熊猫 英文: Giant Panda

传说中,过去大熊猫是白色的,在一次动物葬礼上,为表达哀思,它们把煤灰涂在胳膊上,相互拥抱后,形成了延至后背的黑色,擦眼泪又染黑了眼眶…….这当然是杜撰,但大熊猫与许多动物一样,生存状况十分可悲,处在灭绝的边缘。

二、仰鼻蓝面:金丝猴 英名: Snnb-nosed Golden Monkey

金丝猴刚被命名时,因其仰鼻金发,使动物学家爱德华先生联想起欧洲十字军司令的翘鼻金发的夫人洛克安娜,于是,他便把这个美人之名放到了金丝猴身上(请看金丝猴的学名)。

金丝猴都是国家一级保护动物,滇金丝猴和黔金丝猴是国际自然保护联盟(IUCN)红皮书的“濒危”级,川金丝猴为“易危”级(越南金丝猴为极危级)。

三、 长江奇兽:白鳍豚 英名:Yangtze river dolphin

白鳍豚已是一种注定要灭绝于我们手中的美丽传奇的动物,它被国际保护人士称为“活着的死物种”。目前人工饲养仅有一只,名为“淇淇”。长江的围湖造田、有害渔具、修闸建坝、繁忙的航运、渔业及严重的污染都在威胁其生存。已经被国际自然保护联盟(IUCN)红皮书列为“极危”物种,也是中国一级保护动物。

四、中华之魂:华南虎 英名:Chinese Tiger

华南虎正处于垂危状态,野外数量约20只,呈孤岛分布,且捕食对象稀缺。人工饲养下的50只呈严重近亲,退化现象十分明显。

我们连作为具有民族精神“虎虎有生气”“龙腾虎跃”象征的这种大猫都保护不了,还能保护好我们自己吗?虎的消失,将预示人类灵魂的失落。

五、东方之珠:朱鹮 英名:Crested Ibis

要问中国最珍稀的鸟是什么,那朱鹮应当名列前茅。 据一个迷信的传说,朱鹮的“ 鹮”字从字面一看就知是一种要绝种的鸟,因为它由“四”字和“哀”字组成,“死哀之鸟”怎能不绝?但洋县人民不信邪,为保护朱鹮,他们付出了巨大代价,在朱鹮觅食地,不施用农药化肥、不捕捉泥鳅、蛙类,任由朱鹮来去。新世纪初,朱鹮在中国的数量已达248只,可以说已经摆脱了灭绝、甚至高度濒危的厄运。“东方之珠”作为中国拯救野生动物的一个奇迹将以其艳如红霞的光采,向全世界展现自己灿烂的姿色。

六、 堪称国鸟:褐马鸡 英名:Brown Eared Pheasand

明李时珍在《本草纲目》中说褐马鸡“性爱齐觅食,有被侵者直往奋斗,虽死忧不置”。(褐马鸡古语称“鹖”)将其羽毛赐予武将的形式称“鹖冠之制”。这种制度世代相袭,直至清朝,能被赐这种羽翎顶戴,乃是一种殊荣。褐马鸡在国际上与大熊猫齐名,被世界雉类协会放在其会徽上,许多动物学家建议,应把褐马鸡定为中国国鸟。目前,褐马鸡为国际自然保护联盟IUCN红皮书“濒危”级,国家一级保护动物。

七、 孑遗物种:扬子鳄 英名:Chinese Alligator

扬子鳄是中国唯一的鳄种。目前,由于长江下游湿地遭到严重破坏,河湖被围成农田,野生数量极为罕见,人工繁殖相当成功。国际自然保护联盟IUCN红皮书“极危级” 国家一级保护动物。

八、 高原神鸟:黑颈鹤 英名:Black-necked Crane

黑颈鹤是世界上唯一一种高原鹤类,是藏族人民心目中神圣的大鸟,也是世界十五鹤中被最晚记录到的一种鹤,它是俄国探险家普热尔瓦尔斯基于1876年在中国青海湖发现的。 据国际鹤类基金会调查,西藏拥有中国亦既世界最大的黑颈鹤种群,估计达4000只,目前已经被列为国际自然保护联盟IUCN红皮书的易危级,国家一级保护动物。

九、 雪域喋血:藏羚羊 英名:Tibetan Antelope

藏羚羊,近年极受世人瞩目,主要原因是由于1980年以来西方时装界对“藏羚绒披肩”即“沙图什”的消费需求而刺激了偷猎者的谋财害命,另外,一些采金者也在对其肆意杀戮,致使生活在生命极限的高寒地区的藏羚羊正以一年近万只的速度减少。为打击盗猎,这几年青海、新疆、西藏的反盗猎力量林业公安一直在为保卫藏羚羊等野生动物而战斗,其中的佼佼者即“野牦牛队”,他们已经有两位英雄为此献身。

藏羚羊是青藏高原特有物种,为偶蹄目、牛科,与已在中国本土刚刚灭绝半个世纪的高鼻羚羊亲缘关系最近。藏羚羊又名“一角兽”,一个世纪前多达数百万只。被藏民称为大雁的朋友,它们在高原上奔跑如飞,狼也很难追上,但以汽车和枪支装备起来的盗猎者却可以成片的杀戮之。目前中国的藏羚羊不足7万只,但年复一年、禁而不止的非法交易与屠杀使其数量直线下降,目前被列为国家一级保护动物,国际自然保护联盟IUCN红皮书的“濒危级

十、 失而复得:“四不象” 英名:Pere David’deer

“四不象”为麋鹿的俗名,它是做为中国特有的湿地鹿类,曾于1900年在中国本土灭绝的,幸有少量存于欧洲,最后仅剩18头,被养在英国乌邦寺,经过一个世纪的养护,种群才得以恢复。1985年回归到北京南海子,这是麋鹿这一物种的模式标本产地(1865年被法国传教士大卫发现),这里也是原元、明、清皇家猎苑故地。麋鹿是湿地动物,由于对湿地生境的适应,而形成特殊的形态,即所谓的“四不象”,角似鹿非鹿、脸似马非马、蹄似牛非牛、尾似驴非驴。

中国麋鹿从1985年首批回归38头,被放养于北京南海子的千亩鹿苑后,逐渐繁衍壮大,迁往长江之畔的湖北石首,从而成功完成回归野外的“重引入”工程。另外,在江苏大丰黄海之滨的麋鹿也蓬勃发展,加上全国20几处动物园等饲养的麋鹿,至2001年初,已经达到1300只,麋鹿失而复得、重引入的成功是向国际社会展示的中国保护野生动物的成就,它既是爱国主义教育的活的教材,也是向公众表达人与自然协调发展之可能性与必要性的重要范例。

麋鹿,为国家一级保护动物,国际自然保护联盟IUCN红皮书极危级。

第四篇:考研英语作文范文:保护濒危动物的重要性

Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important that saving land for endangered animals. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

In the past, there have been many endangered animals. Now they are extinct. Does it matter? Has our environment been affected by their absence? Has the quality of our own life been changed? The answer to these questions is “Yes.”

Yes. It does matter if we destroy an endangered species habitat to develop more farmland, housing or industrial parks. There is a delicate balance of nature. If one small part is removed, it will effect all the other parts. For example, if certain trees are cut down, bats will have no place to roost. If they cannot roost, they cannot breed. If there are no bats, there will be no animal, or bird to eat certain insects that plague our crops.

Yes. Our environment has been affected by the absence of certain animals. Certain flowers are pollinated by butterflies, which migrate from Canada to Mexico. Some of the breeding grounds of these butterflies were destroyed. Now these flowers are disappearing from certain areas. We will no longer be able to enjoy their beauty.Yes. The quality of our life has been changed America used to be covered with giant trees. Now we have to visit them in one small park. Rain forests around the world are being cut down to make room for humans. We will never be able to see or study this fragile ecosystem.

I would encourage us humans to look for other alternatives for our farmlands, housing, and industries. We have alternatives; the animals do not.

第五篇:中国珍稀濒危植物土沉香在香港的现况

中國珍稀瀕危植物土沉香在香港的現況

葉國樑、黎存志 (香港植物標本室)

引言

土沉香(Aquilaria sinensis)又名牙香樹、白木香,樹脂帶有香氣。香港早期曾廣植土沉香,然後製成香料,運銷中國多個省份、東南亞,甚至遠及阿拉伯等地。此地以運香販香而聞名,因此有“香港”(運送香料的港口)一名(Iu, 1983; 香港植物標本室, 2003)。

二OO三年,漁護署實地調查本港風水林,總共調查了116個地點,當中84個地點發現土沉香。此樹多於低地生長,最常見於村後的風水林。土沉香在中國內地遭到任意砍伐,因此屬於易危品種。最近,非法砍伐土沉香的情況更蔓延至本港,令人關注。

特徵

土沉香屬於瑞香科植物,是常綠喬木,高6至20米不等,樹皮平滑,淺灰色或深灰色(圖1),木身白色或淺黃色,因而又稱“白木香”。幼枝疏被柔毛,葉互生,革質,倒卵形至橢圓形,通常長5至11厘米,闊2至4厘米,有15至20對葉脈,葉脈並不明顯,幾乎完全對稱橫向生長,這都是實地辨別土沉香的有用特徵(圖2)。葉頂短而尖,葉基部寬闊,呈楔形,葉緣完整平滑。花黃綠色,帶芳香,排成頂生或腋生的傘形花序。蒴果木質,倒卵形,長2.5至3厘米,外面覆蓋著灰色短毛(圖3),成熟時裂成兩片扁平的果殼。果實破開時,底部會長出一條絲線,把種子(一粒或兩粒)吊在半空,與毛蟲吐絲把自己掛在樹枝的情況十分相似(圖4)。這項特徵是否具有生物學上的意義,仍有待研究。

用途

土沉香是一種有價值的香木,可以用來製成香料及藥物,以往用來製成線香及香料,但本港這個行業已經式微。

土沉香的樹脂可製成名貴中藥“沉香”,作治療之用。根據中醫藥文獻所載,大量抽取土沉香樹脂的方法有兩個,其一是利用天然真菌入侵樹幹,其次是割開樹皮(最深5厘米)。同一棵樹的樹脂可不斷採集,方法是在樹皮割開3至4厘米深,讓樹脂不斷積聚,數年後才收集。如把木塊加熱或燃燒,令樹脂變成液體滲出,便可收集少量樹脂。

樹幹或樹枝某部分如有樹脂而散發香味,則會以“沉香木”之名買賣。土沉香製造樹脂,原因可能是真菌入侵或樹幹破損後的反應。樹脂豐富的香木樹齡一般超過20年。雖然並非每棵樹都受到真菌入侵,但由於需求日殷,有些地區的人任意砍伐,找尋帶真菌的樹木。

品質優良的沉香,大多取自與土沉香品種相近的沉香樹(Aquilaria malaccensis)。中國過往由亞洲的熱帶地方進口這種產品,但時至今日,供應已大量減少。由於土沉香的樹脂已成為沉香的代用品,土沉香亦遭人大量砍伐。

保育情況

土沉香主要在華南一帶(包括香港)生長。不過,由於大量採伐,本港以外地方的野生土沉香較為稀有,而土沉香的大樹亦十分少有。《二OOO年世界自然保護聯盟受威脅植物紅色名錄》(2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants)把土沉香列為易危的植物。至於其保育情況,土沉香是“一種重要的藥物來源”,“只在雲南景洪、廣東(包括海南島)及廣西等地可見”(即中國特有),“主要在海拔400米以內的半常綠季風雨林找到”。人們採集藥用樹脂時大量砍伐和破壞林木的情況令人關注,生境消失以及生境遭清除的情況亦經常發生(Oldfield et al., 1998)。此外,所有沉香(Aquilaria sp.)均受到《瀕危野生動植物種國際貿易公約》規管。。 在中國內地,土沉香已列入《國家重點保護野生植物名錄》(1999),成為國家二級重點保護植物,該名錄是國務院所頒法令的其中一部分。《中國植物紅皮書》指出,由於人們任意採集樹脂入藥,嚴重破壞土沉香,土沉香數目劇減,屬易危品種 (國家環境保護局、中國科學院植物研究所編,1992)。

近年出版的《廣東珍稀瀕危植物》(華南植物研究所、廣東省野生動植物保護管理辦公室,2003)報告,廣東省的大型土沉香由於砍伐過度,已經十分稀有,瀕臨絕種。由於土沉香在中國內地受法例保護,因此本港亦視之為珍貴植物,並已收錄於《香港稀有及珍貴植物》一書內(華南植物研究所、漁農自然護理署,2003)。

在香港的情況

正如上文所述,土沉香常見於本港低地,尤其是在鄉村後面的風水林中,而在郊野公園亦有發現。雖然現時本港已無大量種植土沉香,但曾幾何時,華南及本港曾廣泛栽種,然後製成線香,這或可說明為何現今鄉村四周還有為數不少的土沉香。縱使本港種植土沉香的歷史相當悠久,但本地的土沉香所在之處全屬該品種的地理分布範圍之內,而且在野外蓬勃生長,因此已成為本港的原生植物(Iu, 1983)。

在香港,砍伐土沉香以採集沉香木的情況一向十分罕見,但最近發現本港郊區有人非法砍伐土沉香。整體而言,雖然這些事件並沒有嚴重危及土沉香在本港的生存情況,但那些被砍掉樹幹的土沉香可能無法復原 (圖5及6)。根據《林區及郊區條例》(第96章),林區的植物及政府土地上的植林均受保護。如有觸犯,最高可罰款25,000元,以及監禁一年。

總結

從本港植物護理的角度而言,加以中國其他地方的土沉香被人砍伐過度而所餘無幾,本港的土沉香可算是中國境內餘下較完整的種群。本地土沉香所屬群落(低地闊葉植物樹林及風水林)過往一直獲村民愛護,亦受到本港法例妥為保護(包括《郊野公園條例》(第208章)及《林區及郊區條例》(第96章)。近期非法砍伐土沉香的事故,大多涉及非持續性的採集,對本港的土沉香構成一定的影響,可見保護這種國家珍稀瀕危植物一事要極需關注。

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