米歇尔北大讲话

2024-06-20

米歇尔北大讲话(精选6篇)

篇1:米歇尔北大讲话

MRS.OBAMA:(Applause.)Thank you.Well, ni-hao.(Laughter.)It is such a pleasure and an honor to be here with all of you at this great university, so thank you so much for having me.Now, before I get started today, on behalf of myself and my husband, I just want to say a few very brief words about Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.As my husband has said, the United States is offering as many resources as possible to assist in the search.And please know that we are keeping all of the families and loved ones of those on this flight in our thoughts and prayers at this very difficult time.But most of all, I want to thank all of the students who are here today.And I particularly want to thank Eric Schaefer and Zhu Xuanhao for that extraordinary English and Chinese introduction.That was a powerful symbol of everything that I want to talk with you about today.See, by learning each other’s languages, and by showing such curiosity and respect for each other’s cultures, Mr.Schafer and Ms.Zhu and all of you are building bridges of understanding that will lead to so much more.And I’m here today because I know that our future depends on connections like these among young people like you acrossthe globe.That’s why when my husband and I travel abroad, we don’t just visit palaces and parliaments and meet with heads of state.We also come to schools like this one to meet with students like you, because we believe that relationships between nations aren’t just about relationships between governments or leaders--they’re about relationships between people, particularly young people.So we view study abroad programs not just as an educational opportunity for students, but also as a vital part of America’s foreign policy.Through the wonders of modern technology, our world is more connected than ever before.Ideas can cross oceans with the click of a button.Companies can do business and compete with companies across the globe.And we can text, email, Skype with people on every continent.So studying abroad isn’t just a fun way to spend a semester;it is quickly becoming the key to success in our global economy.Because getting ahead in today’s workplaces isn’t just about getting good grades or test scores in school, which are important.It’s also about having real experience with the world beyond your borders –-experience with languages, cultures and societies very different from your own.Or, as the Chinese saying goes: ―It is better to travel ten thousand miles than to read ten thousand books.

篇2:米歇尔北大讲话

MRS.OBAMA:(Applause.)Thank you.Well, ni-hao.(Laughter.)It is such a pleasure and an honor to be here with all of you at this great university, so thank you so much for having me.Now, before I get started today, on behalf of myself and my husband, I just want to say a few very brief words about Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.As my husband has said, the United States is offering as many resources as possible to assist in the search.And please know that we are keeping all of the families and loved ones of those on this flight in our thoughts and prayers at this very difficult time.Now with that, I want to start by recognizing our new Ambassador to China, Ambassador Baucus;President Wang;Chairman Zhu;Vice President Li;Director Cueller;Professor Oi, and the Stanford Center;President Sexton from New York University, which is an excellent study abroad program in Shanghai;and John Thornton, Director of the Global Leadership Program at Tsinghua University.Thank you all for joining us.But most of all, I want to thank all of the students who are here today.And I particularly want to thank Eric Schaefer and Zhu Xuanhao for that extraordinary English and Chinese introduction.That was a powerful symbol of everything that I want to talk with you about today.See, by learning each other’s languages, and by showing such curiosity and respect for each other’s cultures, Mr.Schafer and Ms.Zhu and all of you are building bridges of understanding that will lead to so much more.And I’m here today because I know that our future depends on connections like these among young people like you across the globe.That’s why when my husband and I travel abroad, we don’t just visit palaces and parliaments and meet with heads of state.We also come to schools like this one to meet with students like you, because we believe that relationships between nations aren’t just about relationships between governments or leaders--they’re about relationships between people, particularly young people.So we view study abroad programs not just as an educational opportunity for students, but also as a vital part of America’s foreign policy.Through the wonders of modern technology, our world is more connected than ever before.Ideas can cross oceans with the click of a button.Companies can do business and compete with companies across the globe.And we can text, email, Skype with people on every continent.So studying abroad isn’t just a fun way to spend a semester;it is quickly becoming the key to success in our global economy.Because getting ahead in today’s workplaces isn’t just about getting good grades or test scores in school, which are important.It’s also about having real experience with the world beyond your borders –-experience with languages, cultures and societies very different from your own.Or, as the Chinese saying goes: “It is better to travel ten thousand miles than to read ten thousand books.”

But let’s be clear, studying abroad is about so much more than improving your own future.It’s also about shaping the future of your countries and of the world we all share.Because when it comes to the defining challenges of our time-– whether it’s climate change or economic opportunity or the spread of nuclear weapons--these are shared challenges.And no one country can confront them alone.The only way forward is together.That’s why it is so important for young people like you to live and study in each other’s countries, because that’s how you develop that habit of cooperation.You do it by immersing yourself in one another’s culture, by learning each other’s stories, by getting past the stereotypes and misconceptions that too often divide us.That’s how you come to understand how much we all share.That’s how you realize that we all have a stake in each other’s success--that cures discovered here in Beijing could save lives in America, that clean energy technologies from Silicon Valley in California could improve the environment here in China, that the architecture of an ancient temple in Xi’an could inspire the design of new buildings in Dallas or Detroit.And that’s when the connections you make as classmates or labmates can blossom into something more.That’s what happened when Abigail Coplin became an American Fulbright Scholar here at Peking University.She and her colleagues published papers together in top science journals, and they built research partnerships that lasted long after they returned to their home countries.And Professor Niu Ke from Peking University was a Fulbright Scholarship--Scholar in the U.S.last year, and he reported--and this is a quote from him--he said, “The most memorable experiences were with my American friends.”

These lasting bonds represent the true value of studying abroad.And I am thrilled that more and more students are getting this opportunity.As you’ve heard, China is currently the fifth most popular destination for Americans studying abroad, and today, the highest number of exchange students in the U.S.are from China.But still, too many students never have this chance, and some that do are hesitant to take it.They may feel like studying abroad is only for wealthy students or students from certain kinds of universities.Or they may think to themselves, well, that sounds fun but how will it be useful in my life? And believe me, I understand where these young people are coming from because I felt the same way back when I was in college.See, I came from a working-class family, and it never occurred to me to study abroad--never.My parents didn’t get a chance to attend college, so I was focused on getting into a university, earning my degree so that I could get a good job to support myself and help my family.And I know for a lot of young people like me who are struggling to afford a regular semester of school, paying for plane tickets or living expenses halfway around the world just isn’t possible.And that’s not acceptable, because study abroad shouldn’t just be for students from certain backgrounds.Our hope is to build connections between people of all races and socioeconomic backgrounds, because it is that diversity that truly will change the face of our relationships.So we believe that diversity makes our country vibrant and strong.And our study abroad programs should reflect the true spirit of America to the world.And that’s why when my husband visited China back in 2009, he announced the 100,000 Strong initiative to increase the number and diversity of American students studying in China.And this year, as we mark the 35th anniversary of the normalization of relationships between our two countries, the U.S.government actually supports more American students in China than in any other country in the world.We are sending high school, college and graduate students here to study Chinese.We’re inviting teachers from China to teach Mandarin in American schools.We’re providing free online advising for students in China who want to study in the U.S.And the U.S.-China Fulbright program is still going strong with more than 3,000 alumni.And the private sector is stepping up as well.For example, Steve Schwarzman, who is the head of an American company called Blackstone, is funding a new program at Tsinghua University modeled on the Rhodes Scholarship.And today, students from all kinds of backgrounds are studying here in China.Take the example of Royale Nicholson, who’s from Cleveland, Ohio.She attends New York University’s program in Shanghai.Now, like me, Royale is a first-generation college student.And her mother worked two full-time jobs while her father worked nights to support their family.And of her experience in Shanghai, Royale said--and this is her quote--she said, “This city oozes persistence and inspires me to accomplish all that I can.” And happy birthday, Royale.It was her birthday yesterday.(Laughter.)

And then there’s Philmon Haile from the University of Washington, whose family came to the U.S.as refugees from Eritrea when he was a child.And of his experience studying in China, he said, “Study abroad is a powerful vehicle for people-to-people exchange as we move into a new era of citizen diplomacy.”

“A new era of citizen diplomacy.” I could not have said it better myself, because that’s really what I’m talking about.I am talking about ordinary citizens reaching out to the world.And as I always tell young people back in America, you don’t need to get on a plane to be a citizen diplomat.I tell them that if you have an Internet connection in your home, school, or library, within seconds you can be transported anywhere in the world and meet people on every continent.And that’s why I’m posting a daily travel blog with videos and photos of my experiences here in China, because I want young people in America to be part of this visit.And that’s really the power of technology –-how it can open up the entire world and expose us to ideas and innovations we never could have imagined.And that’s why it’s so important for information and ideas to flow freely over the Internet and through the media, because that’s how we discover the truth.That’s how we learn what’s really happening in our communities and our country and our world.And that’s how we decide which values and ideas we think are best –-by questioning and debating them vigorously, by listening to all sides of an argument, and by judging for ourselves.And believe me, I know how this can be a messy and frustrating process.My husband and I are on the receiving end of plenty of questioning and criticism from our media and our fellow citizens.And it’s not always easy, but we wouldn’t trade it for anything in the world.Because time and again, we have seen that countries are stronger and more prosperous when the voices of and opinions of all their citizens can be heard.And as my husband has said, we respect the uniqueness of other cultures and societies, but when it comes to expressing yourself freely and worshipping as you choose and having open access to information, we believe those universal rights--they are universal rights that are the birthright of every person on this planet.We believe that all people deserve the opportunity to fulfill their highest potential as I was able to do in the United States.And as you learn about new cultures and form new friendships during your time here in China and in the United States, all of you are the living, breathing embodiment of those values.So I guarantee you that in studying abroad, you’re not just changing your own life, you are changing the lives of everyone you meet.And as the great American President John F.Kennedy once said about foreign students studying in the U.S., he said “I think they teach more than they learn.” And that is just as true of young Americans who study abroad.All of you are America’s best face, and China’s best face, to the world--you truly are.Every day, you show the world your countries’ energy and creativity and optimism and unwavering belief in the future.And every day, you remind us--and me in particular--of just how much we can achieve if we reach across borders, and learn to see ourselves in each other, and confront our shared challenges with shared resolve.So I hope you all will keep seeking these kinds of experiences.And I hope you’ll keep teaching each other, and learning from each other, and building bonds of friendship that will enrich your lives and enrich our world for decades to come.You all have so much to offer, and I cannot wait to see all that you achieve together in the years ahead.Thank you so much.Xie-Xie.(Applause.)

我今天来到这里,是因为我知道,我们的未来,取决于全世界像你们这样的年轻人之间的联系。

这也是为什么我们夫妇在国外访问时,不只参观宫殿和会晤国家元首。我们也来到学校,与像你们一样的学生见面。

因为我们相信,国与国之间的关系不只是政府或领导人之间的关系,它们是人民间―特别是年轻人之间的关系。

因此,我们认为海外留学项目不只是为学生提供的教育机会,还是美国外交政策至关重要的组成部分。

“读万卷书,不如行万里路”

你们看,通过现代技术奇迹,我们的世界比以往任何时候都更多地联系在一起。

思想可以通过点击按钮跨越海洋。全球各地的公司可以进行业务往来和相互竟争。我们可以与各大洲的人们通过短信、电子邮件和Skype进行沟通。

因此,出国留学不只是以开心的方式度过一个学期―它正迅速成为全球化经济中取得成功的关键。

因为要走在当今职场的前沿,只在学校里取得好成绩是不够的,还应拥有国境外的真实体验:对完全不同的语言、文化和社会的体验。

正如中国的一句古话所说:读万卷书,不如行万里路。

我想要说的是,出国留学绝不仅是改善你们自己的未来,它也关乎塑造你们的国家、关乎我们共有的世界的未来。

因为我们这个时代的决定性挑战一一无论是气侯变化、经济机遇,还是核武器扩散一一这些都是我们共同的挑战。

没有任何一个国家能够单独应对它们„„唯一的出路就是共同携手。

来自北京大学的牛可教授是去年的美国富布赖特学者。我引述下他的话,“最难忘的经历是和我的美国朋友们在一起。”

这些长久的纽带代表留学的真正价值,我很兴奋,越来越多的学生正得到这样的机会。

米歇尔现身说法谈留学

中国目前是美国人留学的第五大热门目的地。今天的美国,来自中国的交换生数量最多。尽管如此,太多的学生从来没有这样的机会,而一些有机会的学生则犹豫是否要抓住它。

他们可能觉得留学只是有钱的学生或来自某类大学的学生的事。或者,他们可能心里想,“嗯,这听起来很有趣,但它在我的生活中真正有多大用处?”

我理解这些年轻人,因为我在上大学时也有同样的感受。你们知道,我来自一个工薪阶层家庭,我甚至从来没想过留学。我的父母没有上过大学,我将精力集中在进入大学并获得学位,这样我就可以得到一份工作并养活自己。

对于很多像我一样靠奋斗才能读得起一个常规学期的年轻人来说,支付世界另一边的机票或生活费实在是不可能的。这是不可接受的,因为留学不应仅属于有一些背景的学生。

我们希望在所有种族和社会经济背景的人之间建立联系,因为正是这样的多样性让我们的国家如此充满活力和强大„„我们的海外留学项目应向世界反映美国的真正精神。

这就是为什么在2009年我的丈夫访问中国时,宣布了我们的100,000项倡议,该倡议旨在增加留学中国的美国学生的数量和多样性。而今年,在我们纪念中美两国关系正常化三十五周年之际„„美国政府实际上支持更多的美国学生在中国学习。

我们正将高中生、大学生和研究生送到这里来学习中文,我们正邀请中国老师到美国的尝较教授普通话,我们为希望留学美国的中国学生提供免费的在线咨询。美中富布赖特项目仍在加强,现有3000多名学友。

私人部门也在加紧工作。例如,美国黑石公司的主管斯蒂夫·施瓦茨曼正在资助清华大学模仿罗德奖学全(Rhode、Scholarship)的一个新项目。

“你不需要登上飞机才能成为公民外交官”

今天,来自不同背景的学生正在中国学习。以来自俄亥俄州克利夫兰的罗亚尔为例,她参加了纽约大学在上海的项目。像我一样,罗亚尔是家里的第一代大学生。她母亲做两份全职工作,而她父亲晚上工作以维持他们的家庭。谈到她在上海的经历时,她说:“这座城市充满韧性,它激励我完成所有我能做的事。”

还有来自华盛顿大学的腓力门·海尔,他还是孩子的时候,他的家人作为厄立特里亚难民来到了美国。谈到他在中国学习的经历时,他说:“在我们进入公民外交的新时代之际,留学是人民间交流的一种强大工具。”

“一个公民外交的新时代”一一我想不出比这更好的说法了,因为这正是我正在谈的,那就是普通公民走向世界。

正如我经常对美国年轻认说的那样,你不需要登上飞机才能成为公民外交官。

我告诉他们,如果你在家里、学校或者图书馆能上网,只要几秒钟,你就可以被带到世界任何地方,遇见来自每个大陆的人。

这就是为什么我每天都要发一篇旅行博文,里面有我这次中国之行的视频和照片―因为我希望美国的年轻人能成为这次访问的一部分。这确实是技术的力量―它打开整个世界,让我们接触到以前根本难以想象的思想和创新。这也是为什么信息和思想在互联网上、并通过媒体自由流动是如此重要。因为那是我们发现真理的途径,那使我们得以了解我们的社群、我们的国家和我们的世界到底在发生着什么。

那也是我们何以决定哪些价值观和思想是最好的―通过有力地对它们提出疑问,进行辩论,倾听各方观点,并做出自己的判断。相信我,我知道这是一个令人困惑而沮丧的过程。有大量来自我们媒体和公民的质疑和批评,而我丈夫和我位于接收端。这并非易事,但我们认为它的重要无可取代。因为我们一次又一次地看到,当所有公民的声音和观点都能得到倾听之时,国家会变得更加强大和繁荣。

正像我的丈夫曾说过的,我们尊重其他文化和社刽的独特性。然而,就自由的表达自我、选择自己所崇拜的东西,以及享有信息公开而言―我们相信那是地球上每个人与生俱来的权利。

“美国面孔”,“中国面孔” 我们相信,所有人都应享有实现自己最大潜能的机会,正如我在美国所能做到的那样。同时,当你在中国这里以及在美国了解新的文化、结交新的朋友之时,你整个人就是那些价值观的鲜活代表。

所以我保证,通过出国留学,你们不仅在改变自己的人生,也在改变你所遇到的每个人的人生。

正像伟大的美国总统约翰·肯尼迪谈到留学美国的外国学生时说的那样,“我想他们所教的比他们学到的还要多。”而对出国学习的年径美国人来说也是一样的。

对世界而言,你们所有人都是最好的美国面孔,和最好的中国面孔。每一天,你们都在向世界展示你们国家的能量、创造力、乐观,以及对未来坚定不移的信念。每一天,你们都在提醒我们,通过跨越国界,学会在彼此身上看到我们自己,和用共同的决心应对我们共同的挑战。

所以,我希望你们都会不断寻求这样的经历。我希望你们能继续受益于彼此,互相学习,同时建立起友谊的纽带,而这些纽带能在未来数十年丰富你们的生活,也丰富我们的世界。

你们大家都有这么多可以给予世界,我热切期待着你们未来的成就。

篇3:米歇尔北大讲话

关键词:西方经典修辞学理论,米歇尔,北大演讲,劝说手段

2014年3月,应中国国家主席习近平夫人彭丽媛邀请,美国总统奥巴马夫人米歇尔20日下午抵达北京,3月22日上午,米歇尔在北京大学发表演讲。

一、西方经典修辞学理论的基本概念

亚里士多德给予过修辞学如下定义“修辞学可以帮助人们拥有一种能力,这种能力使得人们在面对任何情况下都能找到说服他人的手段”(Aristotle,1954)。现代修辞学中,修辞学的应用范围可以说是无所不至,生活中的各个领域都可以用修辞学来解读,然而由于当时历史和社会的局限性,经典修辞学主要被用于传统的演讲中,比如,法学演讲、议政演讲和宣德演讲。“劝说”是经典修辞学理论的核心思想,演讲者为了劝说听众一般会采用艺术论证方法和非艺术论证法,非艺术论证法比较简单,主要是合同、证词和法律文件。艺术论证法可以分为三段论的省略式和例证式。西塞罗的《修辞学》将完成一个演讲所要经过的过程分为了五大阶段,亚里士多德对于这个“劝说”过程提出了三大诉诸。

二、西方经典修辞学理论演讲的五大阶段与米歇尔的演讲

1.米歇尔演讲的觅材取材

觅材取材首先要确定我们文章的主题应该是什么,应该搜集那些材料。在演讲中,首先,米歇尔选择了“Malaysia AirlinesFlight 370”,米歇尔考虑到了她的这次访华的背景情况,当时中国全国上下正在密切关注着“马航事件”的营救情况,之后重点转向到了“文化”领域,米歇尔作为总统夫人不可能将她取材的重点放在政治或者经济领域,只可能以一位关爱孩子,关心教育的母亲角度来重点取材。除了“马航事件”与教育取材,米歇尔也引用了中国著名俗语“读万卷书,行万里路”来探讨留学问题,米歇尔阐述了留学的重要性,鼓励中美学生走出去。纵观米歇尔的这次演讲,其“觅材取材”既考虑到自己的身份地位情况,同时也关注到演讲听众的心理需求,有重点,有轻重“,觅材取材”这个过程做得十分成功。

2.米歇尔演讲的布局谋篇

布局谋篇则是在确定好演讲的主题与材料后,决定这些材料的出场顺序,将所选好的材料以一定的顺序编排起来。演讲中,米歇尔一开头首先用中文和现场观众热情打了一个招呼,然后严肃的谈到了“马航事件”,米歇尔通过“马航事件”立刻与现场听众产生了情感共鸣。然后开始感谢邀请她来的一些学校领导,接下来又提到国家间留学生互相交流学习的重要性,最后又阐述了美国在支持留学方面所做出的努力。从其开头到中间再到结尾,米歇尔先呈现内容由小到大,层层递进,层次清晰、条理分明,节奏上也考虑到了听众的心理特点,鲜明的同时也坚持了适度原则,张弛有序,始终维持住了观众的注意力。

3.米歇尔演讲的文体风格

文体风格的决定则既要考虑到我们的主题是什么同时也要兼顾到对演讲受众的考虑,根据演讲的受众来选择最适宜的,最易于他们理解的文体风格。

米歇尔的演讲风格一直比较温和,这与其自身形象比较阳光温暖有关,一直让人感觉到她是一位有爱心的母亲同时是一位十分支持丈夫事业的妻子,是历届美国第一夫人性格比较外向的一位。米歇尔的这次北大演讲文体风格比较平易近人,属于娓娓道来型,这与其丈夫奥巴马演讲的文体风格不同,奥巴马的演讲中,一般经常使用长短句交替,文中排比句频率很高具有鼓动性与感召力。对比奥巴马总统的演讲,米歇尔的北大演讲,文中几乎没有什么排比句,句子的结构也属于简单明了型,文体风格比较温和不具有侵略性,让听众感觉如沐春风,亲切自然。

4.米歇尔演讲的记忆

众所周知,一场好的演讲必然是生动活泼的,要让听众感觉到他在与演讲人互动中,而不是单纯地看演讲者拿着稿子在那里朗诵,所以这个时候我们就需要第四个阶段“记忆”,只有在对演讲的内容烂熟于心的情况下,我们才能在演讲过程中自信灵活的表达我们的思想,纵观米歇尔演讲的整个过程,整个演讲十分流畅,浑然一体,丝毫不让观众感觉到演讲者正在背诵演讲稿,演讲过程的生动活泼必然与米歇尔对整个演讲文本的烂熟于心有关,可见要做好一场好的演讲,演说者必须在对演讲文本的记忆上投入必要的时间与精力。

5.米歇尔演讲的演说技巧

演说技巧是指临场的发挥表现,考察演说者对其声音和肢体的灵活运用。在米歇尔的演讲中,米歇尔感谢了邀请她来的一系列校方领导时候音调语速都是正常速度,但当感谢在场能来听她演讲的学生时候,音量提高地说出“students”这个词的时候,她的语速较慢,有拖音现象,米歇尔在此处的表现,让现场的听众感受到她对他们的尊重,米歇尔整个演讲过程中会时不时的对观众给予微笑回应。在提到“马航事件”时候,米歇尔表情非常严肃;其次,在提到她因为自身原因,她没有机会出国留学时候,米歇尔表情带着些许悲伤惋惜;最后,在提到出国留学不应该只是少数人的特权时候她表情严肃,并且皱眉。表达出了米歇尔在心理上,把自己归类为普通百姓的一员反对特权的存在,增强了她与听众的联系。

纵观米歇尔这次的北大演讲,充分体现了西方经典修辞学的五大阶段的各个阶段的充分准备与发挥,觅材取材的新鲜贴切,布局谋篇的清晰明了,文体风格的平易近人,记忆的烂熟于心。

三、米歇尔演讲与劝说手段

1.米歇尔演讲的逻辑诉诸

逻辑诉诸(Logo)源于人是充满理性的,米歇尔的演讲中广泛的运用了逻辑三段论的省略式,比如米歇尔提到她来自于工薪阶层的家庭,她因此很遗憾她那时候没有机会海外留学,在这里小前提是米歇尔来自于工薪家庭,结论是她很遗憾没有机会去海外留学,在这里米歇尔就省略了一个大前提,出国留学比较昂贵,而工薪阶层家庭收入并没有很高。随后,米歇尔又在演讲中反复强调出国留学的重要性,说出国留学不仅仅可以为学生自身创造一个美好的未来,更重要的是此举也将会为自己的国家创造一个美好未来,此处有一个前提,米歇尔举例提到美国的纽约大学在上海设立办事处努力帮助中国学生留学美国,于是在这两个前提下,听众很容易得到美国在帮助中国学生、中国未来这个结论,这里运用到逻辑诉诸。

2.米歇尔演讲的情感诉诸

为了在演讲中实现情感诉诸的目的,演讲人在选材时候尽量选择能拉近其与听众距离的材料,演说者会首先挖掘其自身与听众的相似之处,比如曾经共同经历过某种事情,有着共同的出身,来自于共同的地方,说共同的方言。

在演说中,米歇尔一开场选择用中文“你好”打招呼,引起观众欢笑回应,气氛一下就变得和谐愉快,同时也拉近了她与观众的距离感。在第二个例子中,针对近日马航事件乘坐该航班的大量中国乘客失联,米歇尔表达了美国对此事的关注并且正在全力援救中,同时也表达了她个人对此事的痛心并且为此祈祷,所有这些都有助于激发调动听众的情感,让听众感到米歇尔在马航事件中,和他们有着共同的目标并且都在为此奋斗中,这些都是情感诉诸的成功运用。

3.米歇尔的演讲的人格诉诸

演讲中,米歇尔一直非常礼貌热情,在演讲的前面部分,米歇尔说道:“感到十分荣幸和喜悦能有这个机会在这所伟大的大学中给予这次演讲。”他们访问时候每次都会去当地的学校里和学生进行面对面的交流,在这里米歇尔让听众感觉到她的母亲形象,让听众更愿意去倾听这位第一夫人所思所想。人格诉诸里提到,演说者自身形象的良好有助于使听众接受其所要演说的内容,在此处的演讲文稿就充分体现了西方经典修辞学对人格诉诸的要求。

四、结语

篇4:在北大历史系开学典礼上的讲话

在日新月异的现代社会里,历史这门学问是很边缘化的,显得渺茫而遥远。上个世纪初的时候,曾有个人对北京大学的洪业教授说:“历史”这个词听起来有点像“立死”,是一种要死的学问。这看法在今天也算普遍吧,比如在大学生选择专业时就看得出来:进了历史专业的同学,大多没把历史当做第一志愿。

史学家时不时地想为自己的职业辩护的,申说它如何“有用”。这方面说法很多了,不劳我来重复。我个人也以为“史学无用论”不怎么全面,不过却乐于承认,由于社会变迁,历史经验不再像古代那样,能长久地保持实用性了。假如这“用”意味着“实用”的话,那么在这一角度论证史学对现实有用,确实不怎么容易。在求职时你夸耀自己的史学素养有助工作,对方信不信服可是没准儿的事情。我想还是持诚实态度为好,承认史学跟实用技术不同。比如说,它不能够当下就创造出经济效益或社会效益。假如着眼于求职就业,那真的不妨选择或辅修其他学科。

若不是从“实用”,而是从“史学对人类生活是否有意义”这一角度提问,那么还有另一些回答。“实用理性”是中国人的特有思维方式。对一门知识非得要问它是否“实用”或“有用没用”,中国人是很容易提出这类问题的。不过两千多年前古希腊的欧几里得讲授几何学,有学生问他这学问能带来什么好处?欧氏叫仆人给他一块钱,还讽刺道:这位先生要从学问里找好处啊!哲学家维特根斯坦临终时回顾了自己的一生思考,随后告诉人们:我度过了美好的一生。作家王小波在他的《我的精神家园》里面提到,他的大学数学老师对他们说:我所教的数学你们也许一生都用不到,但我还是要教,因为这些知识是好的。王小波为此而深深感动了,我也为此而感动。我也想说,历史知识是好的。史学是许许多多学问中的一种,它也跟各种学问一样,使我们聪明,给我们快乐。

史学的艺术魅力是永恒的

靠历史知识能不能挣来钱,或者能不能赢得什么领导人的惠顾垂青,都不是史学自身的价值所在。就算有人能用历史这门学问弄到很多别的东西,依然如此。史学仅仅是一门学术。它既有科学的精深严谨,又像艺术一样美妙动人。古希腊神话的九位缪斯(文艺女神,Muse)中,居首的是克莱奥(Clio),她是一位司历史的女神。史学的艺术魅力,在人类社会中确实是永恒的。这魅力并非无源之水、无本之木,从根本上说,了解历史,是人类精神生活的固有方面。

德国哲学家文德尔班曾这么说:“人是有历史的动物”;英国史学家卡来尔也曾谈到,“有些原始部族在算术上甚至数不到五,但是也有其历史”。即使是很原始的部族中,也往往有专门讲述历史的人,尽管讲述的内容充满了神话传奇。史学的起源,几乎和人类社会一样古老。传说中国在黄帝时就有了史官,比如发明文字的苍颉。比较能确定的早期史官大概有两种,一种是背诵史实和系谱的瞽蒙,他们看来更古老一些;另一种是用文书记事的史官,他们出现在书写开始发达的较晚时候。

在古罗马政治学家西塞罗看来:“一个人如果对自己出生以前的历史毫无所知的话,这个人就等于没有长大。”动物就没必要知道自己的历史,这对它们的生活没什么意义。可是人类有精神生活,有自我认识的内在渴求。而人群构成和进化的线索和法则,是埋藏在历史之中的;人性,是由传统所塑造的。人类自我认识的重要方式之一,就是诉诸历史。

科林伍德有言:“严格说来,没有人性这种东西,这一名词所指称的,确切地说,不是人类的本性而是人类的历史。”雅斯贝斯的一段话也说得很好:“对于我们的自我认识来说,没有任何现实比历史更为重要了”,它显示了人类最广阔的境界,提供着生活所依据的传统,指点我们用什么标准来衡量现世,解除“当代”所施加的无意识的束缚,“教导我们要从人的最崇高的潜力和不朽的创造力出发来看待人”。

史学使我们突破“当代的束缚”

割断了数千年的深厚文明,只有“当代”而无“历史”,我们所生活的世界就只是个单薄贫乏的平面。但人类不是这样的,人类的生活有一个千万年的纵深。人们要了解古往今来各种各样的文化形态,了解各时代、各民族对真善美、假恶丑的不同理解,了解一种生活方式向另一种生活方式变换的因果。人类一代一代地积累着这些知识和看法,正是它们的总和塑造了人的特质、人类的形象,使我们得以突破“当代的束缚”,知道了我们正在做的是什么,我们应该做的是什么。

尤其是中国人,他们拥有强烈厚重的历史感。历史有如一条奔流不息的长河,沟通了过去、现在和未来。个体生命,只有汇入这条长河才能获得永恒,“名垂青史”几乎是人生的最大成功,为了“留取丹心照汗青”,贤人们宁肯舍生取义。人们习惯于在历史中寻找自我:君主效法尧舜,大臣自比诸葛,武将则追踪岳飞。浩如烟海的史籍之中,凝聚着中华民族固有的文化气质,潜藏着他们对宇宙、社会和人生的特有看法。

学历史需要一点儿“傻气”

史学就是这样一门学术,人类生活中有它的一席之地,会有一些人投身其中而以之为事业,也会有人关注他们的思考和探索。从事学术不比其他行当更高贵,但也并不更低微;史学不比其它的学科更高明,但也并不更低微。当然,学历史多少需要一点儿“傻气”,因为得付出“机会成本”、牺牲另一些诱惑,所以优秀的历史学者,较多出自淡泊执着的人。然而他们为什么执着于此?追寻悠久漫长的文明历程,洞察人群进化的内在奥秘,感受千百年的苦难和欢歌,审视千百年的坎坷和辉煌,以至从一片甲骨发现了一个古国的存在,由一块碑文澄清了一场战争的过程……是这些吸引了他们,足以使他们执着于此吗?

而我们该由怎样的态度,开始学历史呢?我建议,别把历史学习看成就业求职的培训,在北大历史系学习不该如此。史学提供一种特有的训练,我们从一些看似枯燥艰涩的东西开始,逐渐去领会一种学术的境界,去掌握一种求真的技能,去积累一种贯通今古的智慧、去培养一种对人类命运的关怀。那理性和良知的训练,才是使人终身受益的东西,也是我们的校园为什么会成为“精神家园”的东西。

一生中有若干年在大学渡过,与五千年的历史与文明对话,是值得珍视的机会。让我们开始学习吧,历史系的四年时光,你不会毫无所得。

(摘自人人网)

篇5:米歇尔北大演讲全文 2

生来中国

2014年03月22日16:52

来源:人民网-教育频道

米歇尔北大演讲

图片来自@北京大学官方微博

人民网北京3月22日电(赵竹青)北京大学官方微博发布消息,今天上午,美国第一夫人米歇尔·奥巴马在新任驻华大使马克斯·鲍卡斯及其夫人的陪同下到访北大,并在北京大学斯坦福中心发表演讲。以下为演讲全文:

我今天来到这里,是因为我知道,我们的未来,取决于全世界像你们这样的年轻人之间的联系。

这也是为什么我们夫妇在国外访问时,不只参观宫殿和会晤国家元首。我们也来到学校,与像你们一样的学生见面。因为我们相信,国与国之间的关系不只是政府或领导人之间的关系,它们是人民间—特别是年轻人之间的关系。

因此,我们认为海外留学项目不只是为学生提供的教育机会,还是美国外交政策至关重要的组成部分。

“读万卷书,不如行万里路”

你们看,通过现代技术奇迹,我们的世界比以往任何时候都更多地联系在一起。

思想可以通过点击按钮跨越海洋。全球各地的公司可以进行业务往来和相互竟争。我们可以与各大洲的人们通过短信、电子邮件和Skype进行沟通。

因此,出国留学不只是以开心的方式度过一个学期—它正迅速成为全球化经济中取得成功的关键。

因为要走在当今职场的前沿,只在学校里取得好成绩是不够的,还应拥有国境外的真实体验:对完全不同的语言、文化和社会的体验。

正如中国的一句古话所说:读万卷书,不如行万里路。

我想要说的是,出国留学绝不仅是改善你们自己的未来,它也关乎塑造你们的国家、关乎我们共有的世界的未来。

因为我们这个时代的决定性挑战一一无论是气侯变化、经济机遇,还是核武器扩散一一这些都是我们共同的挑战。

没有任何一个国家能够单独应对它们„„唯一的出路就是共同携手。“共同携手”

这就是为什么年轻人到彼此国家学习和生活是如此重要。因为这是你们培养合作习惯的途径一一你们通过融入不同的文化,通过了解彼此的故事,通过跨越常常隔膜我们的成见和误解,来做到这一点。

这是你们了解到我们共享多少东西的途径。这是你们认识到我们的成功惠及彼此的途径。在北京发现的治序方法可以挽救在美国的生命,来自加州硅谷的清洁能源技术可以改善中国的环境,西安一座古老寺庙的架构可激发达拉斯或者底特律新建筑设计的灵感。

这是你们与同学、实验伙伴建立起的联系能带来更多收获的时候。阿比盖尔·柯普林成为北京大学美国富布赖特学者的时候,她与同事们在首屈一指的科学杂志上共同发表论文,建立研究伙伴关系,这段关系在他们各自回国后还长久持续着。

来自北京大学的牛可教授是去年的美国富布赖特学者。我引述下他的话,“最难忘的经历是和我的美国朋友们在一起。”

这些长久的纽带代表留学的真正价值,我很兴奋,越来越多的学生正得到这样的机会。

米歇尔现身说法谈留学

中国目前是美国人留学的第五大热门目的地。今天的美国,来自中国的交换生数量最多。

尽管如此,太多的学生从来没有这样的机会,而一些有机会的学生则犹豫是否要抓住它。

他们可能觉得留学只是有钱的学生或来自某类大学的学生的事。或者,他们可能心里想,“嗯,这听起来很有趣,但它在我的生活中真正有多大用处?”

我理解这些年轻人,因为我在上大学时也有同样的感受。你们知道,我来自一个工薪阶层家庭,我甚至从来没想过留学。我的父母没有上过大学,我将精力集中在进入大学并获得学位,这样我就可以得到一份工作并养活自己。

对于很多像我一样靠奋斗才能读得起一个常规学期的年轻人来说,支付世界另一边的机票或生活费实在是不可能的。这是不可接受的,因为留学不应仅属于有一些背景的学生。

我们希望在所有种族和社会经济背景的人之间建立联系,因为正是这样的多样性让我们的国家如此充满活力和强大„„我们的海外留学项目应向世界反映美国的真正精神。

这就是为什么在2009年我的丈夫访问中国时,宣布了我们的100,000项倡议,该倡议旨在增加留学中国的美国学生的数量和多样性。而今年,在我们纪念中美两国关系正常化三十五周年之际„„美国政府实际上支持更多的美国学生在中国学习。

我们正将高中生、大学生和研究生送到这里来学习中文,我们正邀请中国老师到美国的高校教授普通话,我们为希望留学美国的中国学生提供免费的在线咨询。美中富布赖特项目仍在加强,现有3000多名学友。

私人部门也在加紧工作。例如,美国黑石公司的主管斯蒂夫·施瓦茨曼正在资助清华大学模仿罗德奖学全(Rhode、Scholarship)的一个新项目。

“你不需要登上飞机才能成为公民外交官”

今天,来自不同背景的学生正在中国学习。以来自俄亥俄州克利夫兰的罗亚尔为例,她参加了纽约大学在上海的项目。像我一样,罗亚尔是家里的第一代大学生。她母亲做两份全职工作,而她父亲晚上工作以维持他们的家庭。谈到她在上海的经历时,她说:“这座城市充满韧性,它激励我完成所有我能做的事。”

还有来自华盛顿大学的腓力门·海尔,他还是孩子的时候,他的家人作为厄立特里亚难民来到了美国。谈到他在中国学习的经历时,他说:“在我们进入公民外交的新时代之际,留学是人民间交流的一种强大工具。”

“一个公民外交的新时代”一一我想不出比这更好的说法了,因为这正是我正在谈的,那就是普通公民走向世界。

正如我经常对美国年轻认说的那样,你不需要登上飞机才能成为公民外交官。

我告诉他们,如果你在家里、学校或者图书馆能上网,只要几秒钟,你就可以被带到世界任何地方,遇见来自每个大陆的人。

这就是为什么我每天都要发一篇旅行博文,里面有我这次中国之行的视频和照片—因为我希望美国的年轻人能成为这次访问的一部分。

这确实是技术的力量—它打开整个世界,让我们接触到以前根本难以想象的思想和创新。这也是为什么信息和思想在互联网上、并通过媒体自由流动是如此重要。

因为那是我们发现真理的途径,那使我们得以了解我们的社群、我们的国家和我们的世界到底在发生着什么。

那也是我们何以决定哪些价值观和思想是最好的—通过有力地对它们提出疑问,进行辩论,倾听各方观点,并做出自己的判断。

相信我,我知道这是一个令人困惑而沮丧的过程。有大量来自我们媒体和公民的质疑和批评,而我丈夫和我位于接收端。这并非易事,但我们认为它的重要无可取代。

因为我们一次又一次地看到,当所有公民的声音和观点都能得到倾听之时,国家会变得更加强大和繁荣。

正像我的丈夫曾说过的,我们尊重其他文化和社会的独特性。然而,就自由的表达自我、选择自己所崇拜的东西,以及享有信息公开而言—我们相信那是地球上每个人与生俱来的权利。

“美国面孔”,“中国面孔”

我们相信,所有人都应享有实现自己最大潜能的机会,正如我在美国所能做到的那样。同时,当你在中国这里以及在美国了解新的文化、结交新的朋友之时,你整个人就是那些价值观的鲜活代表。

所以我保证,通过出国留学,你们不仅在改变自己的人生,也在改变你所遇到的每个人的人生。

正像伟大的美国总统约翰·肯尼迪谈到留学美国的外国学生时说的那样,“我想他们所教的比他们学到的还要多。”而对出国学习的年径美国人来说也是一样的。

对世界而言,你们所有人都是最好的美国面孔,和最好的中国面孔。每一天,你们都在向世界展示你们国家的能量、创造力、乐观,以及对未来坚定不移的信念。每一天,你们都在提醒我们,通过跨越国界,学会在彼此身上看到我们自己,和用共同的决心应对我们共同的挑战。

所以,我希望你们都会不断寻求这样的经历。我希望你们能继续受益于彼此,互相学习,同时建立起友谊的纽带,而这些纽带能在未来数十年丰富你们的生活,也丰富我们的世界。

篇6:米歇尔北大演讲英文稿

But let’s be clear, studying abroad is about so much more than improving your own future.It’s also about shaping the future of your countries and of the world we all share.Because when it comes to the defining challenges of our time-– whether it’s climate change or economic opportunity or the spread of nuclear weapons--these are shared challenges.And no one country can confront them alone.The only way forward is together.That’s why it is so important for young people like you to live and study in each other’s countries, because that’s how you develop that habit of cooperation.You do it by immersing yourself in one another’s culture, by learning each other’s stories, by getting past the stereotypes and misconceptions that too often divide us.That’s how you come to understand how much we all share.That’s how you realize that we all have a stake in each other’s success--that cures discovered here in Beijing could save lives in America, that clean energy technologies from Silicon Valley in California could improve the environment here in China, that the architecture of an ancient temple in Xi’an could inspire the design of new buildings in Dallas or Detroit.And that’s when the connections you make as classmates or labmates can blossom into something more.That’s what happened when Abigail Coplin became an American Fulbright Scholar here at Peking University.She and her colleagues published papers together in top science journals, and they built research partnerships that lasted long after they returned to their home countries.And Professor Niu Ke from Peking University was a Fulbright Scholarship--Scholar in the U.S.last year, and he reported--and this is a quote from him--he said, “The most memorable experiences were with my American friends.”

These lasting bonds represent the true value of studying abroad.And I am thrilled that more and more students are getting this opportunity.As you’ve heard, China is currently the fifth most popular destination for Americans studying abroad, and today, the highest number of exchange students in the U.S.are from China.But still, too many students never have this chance, and some that do are hesitant to take it.They may feel like studying abroad is only for wealthy students or students from certain kinds of universities.Or they may think to themselves, well, that sounds fun but how will it be useful in my life? And believe me, I understand where these young people are coming from because I felt the same way back when I was in college.See, I came from a working-class family, and it never occurred to me to study abroad--never.My parents didn’t get a chance to attend college, so I was focused on getting into a university, earning my degree so that I could get a good job to support myself and help my family.And I know for a lot of young people like me who are struggling to afford a regular semester of school, paying for plane tickets or living expenses halfway around the world just isn’t possible.And that’s not acceptable, because study abroad shouldn’t just be for students from certain backgrounds.Our hope is to build connections between people of all races and socioeconomic backgrounds, because it is that diversity that truly will change the face of our relationships.So we believe that diversity makes our country vibrant and strong.And our study abroad programs should reflect the true spirit of America to the world.And that’s why when my husband visited China back in 2009, he announced the 100,000 Strong initiative to increase the number and diversity of American students studying in China.And this year, as we mark the 35th anniversary of the normalization of relationships between our two countries, the U.S.government actually supports more American students in China than in any other country in the world.We are sending high school, college and graduate students here to study Chinese.We’re inviting teachers from China to teach Mandarin in American schools.We’re providing free online advising for students in China who want to study in the U.S.And the U.S.-China Fulbright program is still going strong with more than 3,000 alumni.And the private sector is stepping up as well.For example, Steve Schwarzman, who is the head of an American company called Blackstone, is funding a new program at Tsinghua University modeled on the Rhodes Scholarship.And today, students from all kinds of backgrounds are studying here in China.Take the example of Royale Nicholson, who’s from Cleveland, Ohio.She attends New York University’s program in Shanghai.Now, like me, Royale is a first-generation college student.And her mother worked two full-time jobs while her father worked nights to support their family.And of her experience in Shanghai, Royale said--and this is her quote--she said, “This city oozes persistence and inspires me to accomplish all that I can.” And happy birthday, Royale.It was her birthday yesterday.(Laughter.)

And then there’s Philmon Haile from the University of Washington, whose family came to the U.S.as refugees from Eritrea when he was a child.And of his experience studying in China, he said, “Study abroad is a powerful vehicle for people-to-people exchange as we move into a new era of citizen diplomacy.”

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