初中英语语法从句练习

初中英语语法从句练习（精选6篇）

篇1：初中英语语法从句练习

连词

一、知识网络

并列连词(but, yet, however, nevertheless, for, so, therefore, and, or, either…or…, neither…nor…, both…and…, as well as)

连词 从属连词(when, while, as, before, after, until, till, whether, since, the moment, where, if, unless, suppose, supposing, providing, provided, as long as, in order that, so that, so, lest, because, since, so…that…, such…that, although/though, even though/if, than, than, like, as if/though)

二、方法指点

连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。

并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等

三、重点讲解：

定义：用来连接词、短语、从句与句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词，在句子中不重读，不能独立担任句子成分。

Slow but sure.要慢而稳。（连接单词）

We may be leaving today or tomorrow.我们可能今天或明天走。（连接词与词）

Now I must go or I shall be late for the party.我现在得走，否则晚会我就要迟到了。（连接句与句）

I went and she went also.我去了，她也去了。（连接分句）

（一）连接具有并列关系的词、短语或句子的连词叫并列连词。根据其意义，并列连词又可分为表示联 合、转折、选 择和因果等四种关系的连词。

1． 表示联合关系的并列连词: 表示联合关系的并列连词有：and(和)，both…and…(既……又……)，neither…nor…(既不….y也不….)，not only…but also….(不但…..而且…..)，as well as(除….外，也…..)，如： I am a teacher and he is a doctor.He has experience as well as knowledge.(He has not only knowledge but also experience.)Neither I nor he has seen the film.2． 表示转折关系的并列连词: 表示转折关系的并列连词有：but(可是，但是)，while(而，然而)，yet(可是)，however(然 而，但是)，whereas(而)，nevertheless(然而，不过)，如：I am willing, yet unable.我心有余而力不足。He is short, while his brother is tall.他个子矮而他兄弟个子高plain.3． 表示选择关系的并列连词: 表示选择关系的并列连词有：or(或)，or else(否则)，otherwise(要不然)，either….or…(或….或….,不是…..就是…..)，rather than(而不，也不)，如：John or I am to blame.Seize the chance, otherwise(or else)you’ll regret it.（otherwise, or else 常放在祈使句后面）You can either stay at home or go fishing.He went rather than stay as an unwelcome guest.。

4． 表示因果关系的并列连词:(1)表示因果关系的并列连词有：so(所以)，for(因为)，如：It is morning, for the birds are singing.是早晨了，因为鸟叫了。It was late, so I went home.天已晚了，因此我就回家了。

(2)then(那么，因而)，thus(因而)，hence(因此)，therefore(因此，所以)等副词常可放句首表示因果关系，如： He studied hard, thus he got a full mark.His car broke down, thus he was late for work.It is winter now;hence the days will be shorter.。

（二）从属连词: 用来连接主句和从句的连词叫从属连词。

1． 引导名词性从句的从属连词: 引导名词性从句的从属连词有连接词 that, whether 和 if, 这些连接词在句中不充当任何句子成分；

连接代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, what 等，它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等； 连接副词主要 有when, where, how, why 等，它们在句中可作状语（相见名词性从句），如：We know(that)the earth goes round the sun.（宾语从句）What we need is more time.我们需要的是时间。（主语从句）That’s what I want.（表语从句）The news that our team had won was very exciting.（同位语从句）

2． 引导状语从句的从属连词

（1）引导时间状语从句的从属连词: 引导时间状语从句的从属连词有when(当…..时)，while(在…期间)，as(当….时，一边…一边)，after(在….之后)，before(在….之前)，since(自从….以来)，till/until(直到，直到….才)，once(一旦…..), as soon as(一….就….), the moment/instant(一…..就….), no sooner….than….(刚….就….), hardly…..when(一……..就….)等，如：Once you begin, you must go on.（2）When it rains, I go on school by bus.When: Don’t get excited when you talk.When he got up he felt dizzy.While: We must strike while the iron is hot.While she ate she grew more restless.As: As he spoke two men came up.He smiled as he passed.Before: Look before you leap.It will be five years before we meet again.After: I arrived after he had left.I’ll tell them after you have left.Until, till : I’ll take no steps until you arrive.I propose waiting till the police get here.Since: How long is it since you came to London? It was years since I had seen her.Whenever: I go and visit him whenever I’m in town.Whenever possible, they play outside.（3）引导原因状语从句的从属连词: 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有as(由于)，because(因为)，since(既然)等，如： He didn’t go to school because he was ill.Since everybody is here, let’s begin.Because: Because it was wet he took a taxi.As: As David had a passion for walking, we started off on foot.还有一些表示原因的状语从句由seeing（that）,considering(that)或now that 等引导： Please don’t try to back out now that everything has been arranged.Now you’re here, you may make yourself useful.许多用在形容词后的that 从句也起原因状语的作用（that 有时可省略）：She was glad that she had controlled herself.I’m disappointed that they cannot come.引导地点状语从句的从属连词: 引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where(在….地方)，wherever(无论在…..哪里)等，如：Wherever she may be, she will be happy.Where there is a will, there is a way.（4）引导条件状语从句的从属连词

① 条件状语从句的从属连词主要由if, unless, supposing(suppose)引导：

if: I must leave if that’s the case.如果情况如此我就得走了。He will come if asked.如果邀请的话他会来的。

unless: I won’t write unless he writes first.I’ll go there tomorrow unless it rains.supposing: Supposing that he asks you, will you go? Supposing his plan goes wrong, what will you do then?

suppose: Suppose she finds out, what shall we do then? Suppose you lost your job tomorrow, what would you do?

provided: I will agree to go provided(providing)(that)my expenses are paid.She agreed to go and work there provided that her family could go with her.providing: I’ll dry the dishes, providing that you do the washing-up.② 条件状语从句还有其他形式：They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.You will always have a home as long as I have anything.此外，as long as, so long as, in case, even if 都起连词作用。

（5）引导目的状语从句的从属连词:引导目的状语从句的从属连词有that(以便)，so that(为了)，in order that(为了)lest(以防，免得)，in case(以防，免得)等，如：She took medicine on time in order that she might get well soon.I came here that I might take a good look at the new bridge.in order that: I lent him ￡50 in order(so)that he might go for a holiday.so that: Ask her to hurry up with the letters so that I can sign them.so: Can’t you fix it somehow so you could stay longer? that: I am anxious to get done that I may be back in Ireland.lest: He hurried on, lest she should meet him again.（6）引导结果状语从句的从属连词:引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so(结果)，so that(结果)，so…..that/such….that(如 此…..以致)，that(以致)等，（that 有时可以省略，特别是在口语中）如： It was very cold, so that the water in the bowl froze.He is such a good student that we all like him.so…that: He was so young that you must excuse him.such…that: Jim made such a noise that his sister told him to be quiet.（7）引导让步状语从句的从属连词:引导让步状语从句的从属连词有though/although(虽然)，as(虽然)，even if/even though(即使)，however(无论怎样)，whatever(无论什么)，whoever(无论谁)，no matter how/what/which……(无论多么/什么/哪一 个……)等，如：Even if you were here yesterday, you couldn’t help him.（8）引导方式状语从句的从属连词:引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as(正如)，as if/as though(好像，似乎)等，如： He speaks English as if he were an English-man.Use a book as a bee does a flower.（9）引导比较状语从句的从属连词: 引导比较状语从句的从属连词有 as(如……), as…….as….,(像….一样)，not so …..as…..(与…不一样)，than(比)等，如：He works harder than before.His elder sister is as tall as his mother.储存连词：

1．引导时间状语从句的从属连词: 引导时间状语从句的从属连词有________(当…..时)，_____(在…期间)，____(当….时，一边…一边)，_______(在….之后)，______(在….之前)，______(自从….以来)，_______(直到，直到….才)，________(一 旦…..),___________(一….就….), __________(一…..就….), ___________(刚….就….), _________(一……..就….)等，如：Once you begin, you must go on.你一开了头，就应该继续下去

2．引导原因状语从句的从属连词:引导原因状语从句的从属连词有______(由于)，________(因为)，______(既然)等.3．引导地点状语从句的从属连词: 引导地点状语从句的从属连词有_______在….地方)，___________(无论在…..哪里)Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。

4．引导条件状语从句的从属连词 条件状语从句的从属连词主要由________________________)引导：此外_______________________________都起连 词作用。

5．引导目的状语从句的从属连词:引导目的状语从句的从属连词有________(以便)，_________(为了)，______________(为 了)________(以防，免得)，___________(以防，免得)等，6．引导结果状语从句的从属连词:引导结果状语从句的从属连词有______(结果)，________(结果)，___________--(如此…..以致)，_________(以致)等，（that 有时可以省略，特别是在口语中）如： 7． 引导让步状语从句的从属连词:引导让步状语从句的从属连词有________________(虽然)，________(虽然)，____________________(即使)，__________r(无论怎样)，___________(无论什么)，__________-(无论谁)，__________________________(无论多么/什么/哪一个……)等。

8．引导比较状语从句的从属连词: 引导比较状语从句的从属连词有________(如……),____________,(像….一样)，_________________.(与…不一样)，__________(比)等。

（三）部分易混连词的用法比较

（一）when 和while

1.两个词都可以表示“当……..时”，引导时间状语从句。When 引导时间状语从句的谓语动词既可以是延续性的，也可 以是终止性的；while 引导时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续性的 He was doing his homework when I came in.I came in when/while he was doing his homework.While/when I was in the town, I saw him twice.2.When 还可译作“这时”，while 可译作“而，然而” He was playing football outside when it began to rain.He is tall while his elder brother is short.（二）though 和 as:两个词都可以表示“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。Though 引导的从句可用正常语序，也可用倒装语 序。As 引导的从句要用倒装语序，即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在as 之前，如：

1． 尽管天气冷，可他仍然继续工作。Cold as it was, he went on working.<-> Though it was cold, he went on working.Cold though it is, he went on working.2． 虽然他还是个孩子，可懂很多事情。Child as he is, he knows a lot.<-> Though he is a child, he knows a lot.Child though he is, he knows a lot.3． 尽管你读得快，你也不能在三天内读完这本书。Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book in three days./ Fast though you read, you can’t finish the book in three days.Though you read fast, you can’t finish the book in three days./ Try though he might, he couldn’t get rid of the difficulty.4． 不管怎样努力，他还是摆脱不了困难。Try as he might, he couldn’t get rid of the difficulty.Though he might try, he couldn’t get rid of the difficulty.（三）because, as, since 和 for for 是并列连词，语气最弱，对前面分句加以解释或表示推断的原因。引导的分句一般置于句末，从句前要用逗号。

Because 表示产生某结果的必有原因，语气最强，引导的从句可以置于句首或句末，放在句首时通常用逗号。

As 表示原因时，语气不如because 那么强，可译为“因为，由于”，引导的从句常置于句首。

Since 可译为“既然”，往往表示一些显而易见的原因，语气不如because 强，引导的从句常置于句首。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.As she was in a bad mood, we left her alone.He is absent from school because he is ill.Because /as it was wet, we went there by bus.Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, Mr.Smith wanted to give John a chance.（四）if 和 whether

1.表示“是否”时两个词都能引导宾语从句I wonder if/whether you can examine him now.2． 如果主句的谓语是短语动词，用whether, 而不用if Everything depends on whether we have enough money.3． 某些动词（如discuss）后的宾语从句，用whether, 而不用if They discussed whether they should help her.3． 宾语从句置于句首时，用whether,不用if Whether it is true or not, I can’t say.4． 宾语从句为否定形式时，通常if,而不用whether I asked her if he would come.5． if 可译作“如果”引导条件状语从句If I were you, I would not go.6． Whether 可译作“不管，无论”，引导让步状语从句Whether he agrees or not, I shall do that.不管他同意与否我都要做这事。

7． Whether 可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、接不定式，或接or not 等（if 则不能）

Whether he will come or not is unknown.（主语从句）

The question is whether it is worth doing.（表语从句）

I have no idea whether he is there.（同位语从句）

I don’t know whether he will do it or not.（接or not）She hasn’t decided whether to go or not.（接不定式）

★比较so 和 such 其规律由so 与such 的不同词性决定。

such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修 饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much，little 连用，形成固定搭配。

so + adj.such + a(n)+ n.so + adj.+ a(n)+ n.such + n.(pl.)so + adj.+ n.(pl.)

such +n.(pl.)so + adj.+ n.[不可数]

such +n.[不可数] so foolish

such a fool

so nice a flower

such a nice flower so many/ few flowers

such nice flowers so much/little money.such rapid progress so many people

such a lot of people

so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such 搭配。so…that 与such…that之间的转换既为 so 与such 之间的转换

Practice ：

Part 1：

17.“You can’t have this football back ____ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” the old man said firmly.（2006 广东）

A.because B.since C.when D.until

18.I grew up in Africa.____at least I should say that I spent much of the first ten years of my life there.(辽宁’06)

A.and B.or C.so D.but

19.Progress so far has been very good.____, we are sure that the project will be completed on time.(浙江’06)

A.However B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.Besides

20.A man cannot smile like a child, ____a child smiles with his eyes , while a man smiles with his lips alone.(湖 南’06)A.so B.but C.and D.for 17.D 18.B 19.C 20.D

篇2：初中英语语法从句练习

一． 主语从句

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

1.It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较

It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如：

a)It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.你不去看那场电影真可惜。

b)It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。

c)It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型）

d)It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型）

2.用it 作形式主语的结构(1)It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句

It is a fact that …

事实是…

It is an honor that

…非常荣幸

It is common knowledge that

…是常识(2)It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句

It is natural that…

很自然…

It is strange that…

奇怪的是…(3)It is ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句

It seems that…

似乎…

It happened that…

碰巧…

It appears that…

似乎…(4)It ＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句

It is reported that…

据报道…

It has been proved that…

已证实…

It is said that…

据说…

3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：

（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。

（2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.（3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him.（4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：

正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?

错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely?

4.what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别

what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：

a)What you said yesterday is right.b)That she is still alive is a consolation

二．宾语从句

宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。

1.作动词的宾语

(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如：

I heard that be joined the army.我听说他参军了。

(2)由what, whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如：

a)She did not know what had happened.她不知道发生了什么。

b)I wonder whether you can change this note for me.我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。

(3)动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：

She told me that she would accept my invitation.她对我说她会接受我的邀请。

2.作介词的宾语，例如：

Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。

3.作形容词的宾语，例如：

I am afraid(that)I’ve made a mistake.我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。

注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。

4.it 可以作为形式宾语

it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：

We heard it that she would get married next month.我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。

5.后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词

这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如：

正确表达：I admire their winning the match.错误表达：I admire that they won the match.6.不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词

有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：

正确表达：He impressed the manager as an honest man.错误表达：He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.7.否定的转移

若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：

I don’t think this dress fits you well.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。

三.表语从句

表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如：

1)The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2)This is why we can’t get the support of the people.3)But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4)The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四.同位语从句

同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

1.同位语从句的功能

同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：

1)The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2.同位语在句子中的位置

同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：

He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别

(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。

(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如： 1)The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）

名词性从句专项练习

1．____he does has nothing to do with me.A.whatever B.No matter what C.That D.If 2.The manager came over and asked the customer how____

A.did the quarrel came about

B.the quarrel had come about

C.had the quarrel come about

D.had the quarrel come about 3.Energy is ____makes thing work..A.what B.something C.anything

D.that 4.Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as 5.This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.A.there

B.in which

C.where

D.when 6.They have no idea at all____.A.where he has gone

B.where did he go C.which place has he gone

D.where has he gone

7.The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease.A.that

B.which

C.of which

D.of that

8.The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning.A.that;had to leave

B.that;should leave

C./;must leave

D.when;should leave 9.___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match.A.There;that

B.It;that

C.there;whether D.It;whether 10.The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our

research.A.that

B.which

C.whether

D.if 11.Is _____he said really true?

A.that B.what C.why

D.whether 12.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter.A.That B.Whether C.If

D.Where 13.It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray.A.while

B.if

C.that D.for

14.???_____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.A.Whether

B.This

C.who

D.If

15.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.A.What B.That

C.Whether

D.If 16.____you don’t like him is none of my business.A.What B.That

C.Who

D.How 17.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded.A.What;what B.That;that

C.what;that D.That;what 18.____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.A.What

B.It

C.All that

D.That 19.It is widely ______that smoking can cause cancer.A.believed

B.think

C.say

D.hoped 20.____caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A.What

B.That

C.How

D.Where

Keys:

篇3：三种英语定语从句的语法争议

英语定语从句在整个复合句中具有举足轻重的地位。在英语复合句的使用或出现频率中, 定语从句的比例是相当高的。定语从句和名词性从句、状语从句之间有着极高的区别度, 而名词性从句中的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、补语从句以及约9~11 种状语从句相互之间却有着极高的相似度。这使得学好定语从句就成为学好其它从句的“钥匙”, 学好了定语从句, 其它从句的问题就可能迎刃而解, 学不好定语从句, 各种从句就可能混淆在一起, 成为 “一团乱麻”。

定语从句可以分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两大类, 二者的基础性语法特征几乎相同。

二者在形式上的区别是:非限定性定语从句的主句和从句之间用逗号隔开, 可以称之为“带逗号的定语从句”;限定性定语从句的主句和从句之间则没有逗号隔开, 可以称之为“不带逗号的定语从句”。

二者在句法含义上的区别是:在非限定性定语从句中, 主句和从句之间的关系松散, 并不构成绝对的限定和被限定关系, 换句话说, 在去掉复合句中的非限定性定语从句之后, 主句依然表达的是原来复合句中主句的含义, 失去从句的限定之后, 主句的句意并不会发生先行词词义所指范围的扩大或缩小变化;限定性定语从句则不然, 其主句和从句之间关系紧密, 一旦去掉复合句中的从句, 主语的句意就会发生先行词词义所指范围的扩大或缩小变化。例如:

(1) We enjoyed the Pacific Ocean on the plane, which is blue and vast.

(取消句子中的非限定性定语从句之后, 主句中的先行词the Pacific Ocean在词意上不会发生地理范围的扩大或缩小, 还是指我们地球上那个唯一的太平洋。)

(2) I have three books which are published in Germany.

(取消句子中的限定性定语从句之后, 主句中的先行词three books在词义上会发生“三本书”所指范围的扩大或缩小, 不一定是指德国出版的那三本书。)

二者的应试实践价值区别是:非限定性定语从句的引导词不能用that, 其引导词在从句中作宾语时不可省略;限定性定语从句则可使用that引导, 其引导词在从句中作宾语时可省略。例如:

(3) We enjoyed the Pacif ic Ocean on the plane, which you have ever f lown over.

(句子中的which不能换成that, 也不可省略。)

(4) I have three books which you probably have never read.

(句子中的which可换成that, 也可省略。)

从语法规则的角度, 可以把定语从句简单归为两大类。

一类是常规的定语从句, 即主句中被从句修饰的先行词在含义上属于分别表示人、事物、时间、地点、原因的五种常规定语从句, 它们的从句引导词因其在定语从句中所表达的含义和所充当的语法成份不同, 可能分别使用who, whom, that, whose+ 相当于名词语法功能的结构, 或者是which, when, where, why, 介词+which。这些十分符合语法规则的定语从句, 其学习相对来说是比较简单的, 不存在多少语法争议, 除了少数语法术语称谓有大同小异的差别。比如:有把“非限定性定语从句”和“限定性定语从句”叫作“非限制性定语从句”和“限制性定语从句”的, 有把比较笼统的定语从句“引导词”称谓进一步细分为“关系代词”和“关系副词”的, 但这些语法称谓上的差异无碍人们对常规定语从句的无争议理解。

还有一类定语从句, 如:部分表示时间含义的名词作引导词的定语从句、as引导的定语从句、主句中的先行词是单词way的定语从句。传统的语法教材一般把它们当作定语从句解读。但是, 五种常规的定语从句的语法规则并不足以对它们作出完整解读, 因为它们除了具有五种常规定语从句的大部分特征, 也兼具某种状语从句或名词性从句的部分语法特征, 而且, 无论哪种从句种类的语法规则, 都无法对它们予以完整解读。这些不同于常规、容易有争议的从句, 常常被主流的语法教材归入定语从句的范畴, 成为可有争议的定语从句。

2对争议的分析

(1) 表示时间含义的名词moment, time, day, morning, afternoon, evening, night, year等直接引导的定语从句。例如:

①I saw the moment he left the house.

② Till today, I still remember that afternoon I saw you for the f irst time all my life.

以第二个例句为例, 如果使用汉语语法“的”字结构作定语的英汉语法移植理解手段, 可以翻译为“时至今日, 我仍然记得此生第一次见到你的那个下午”, 主句是“我仍然记得那个下午/ I still remember that afternoon”, “那个下午”的定语是“我此生第一次见到你的/ I saw you for the f irst time all my life”。汉语用一个带“的”字结构的子句作前置定语, 修饰“那个下午”, 英语则用定语从句作后置定语, 修饰先行词that afternoon。从这个角度看, I saw you for the f irst time all my life作定语从句, 不会有语法争议。

但是, 如果按照五种常规定语从句的用法, 当先行词表示时间含义时, 从句中如果首先缺主语或宾语/ 表语时, 应该使用关系代词which/that来指代这个时间名词并引导这个从句, 从句中如果不缺主语或宾语/ 表语或者缺主语或宾语/ 表语却不能接或者不需要接主语或宾语/ 表语时, 应该使用关系副词when/ 介词+which来指代这个时间名词并引导这个从句。

问题在于, 上述两个例句违背了这一语法规则, 让表示时间含义的名词直接引导定语从句, 一般不再使用when/on which置于that afternoon之后作为该定语从句的关系副词, 一般不再表达为:

①I saw the moment when he left the house.

②Till today, I still remember that afternoon when I saw you for the f irst time all my life.

这个时候, 这个直接引导定语从句的时间名词, 实际上它本身就相当于when, 或者说这个直接引导定语从句的时间名词替代了when在这里的语法功能, 只是所表达的时间, 由原来时间名词的精确表达变成了when的模糊表达。由此, 原来的两个例句相当于以下表达:

① I saw when he left the house.

② Till today, I still remember when I saw you for the f irst time all my life.

问题在于, 这样的两个复合句中的从句不再是定语从句, 而是毫无争议的名词性从句之宾语从句。

实际上, 无论是把原例句理解为定语从句还是宾语从句, 都有其合理之处, 但又都不具有彻底解读为绝对的定语从句或宾语从句的充分理由。

(2) 表示“像……一样”含义的as/the same…as等引导的定语从句。例如:

①I have a book as you bought in Japan last year.

②Jerry likes the same cheese as Tom’s host bought for him yesterday.

在第一个例句中, 如果使用汉语语法“的”字结构作为定语的英汉语法移植理解手段, 可以翻译为“我有一本像你去年在日本买的那样的书”, 主句是“我有一本书/ I have a book”, “一本书”的定语是“像你去年在日本买的那样的/as you bought in Japan last year”。汉语用一个带“的”字结构的子句作前置定语, 修饰“一本书”, 英语则用定语从句作后置定语, 修饰先行词a book。从这个角度看, as you bought in Japan last year作定语从句, 不会有语法争议。

但是, 如果按照五种常规定语从句的用法, 当先行词表示事物含义, 在从句中用来指代该先行词的关系代词一般使用which/that, 这时候例句①就应该使用which/that而不是使用as作为引导词, 从而使之成为一个无争议的符合标准语法规则的定语从句, 表达为:I have a book which/that you bought in Japan last year.

但是, 这样表达例句①是错误的, 它不能使用which/that引导, 因为这个从句需要表达“像……一样”的含义, 用来修饰或限定先行词a book, 整个句子才有合乎逻辑的句子含义, 否则, 句义就成了“我有一本你去年在日本买的书”, 这样的句子含义, 在现实生活中是不合逻辑的, 是无法被别人正确理解的。

问题在于, 例句①的as取代了which/that的位置, 却又不能充当关系代词, 不具备作主语/ 宾语/ 表语的语法功能, 把它引导的从句解读为定语从句就不能有完整充分的理由。在整个英语复合句的语法体系中, 可根据as在这里表达的“像……一样”的词义, 把as引导的这个从句解读为比较状语从句, 但是, 从句as you bought in Japan last year中, bought是及物动词而且从句中缺宾语, 这时候, as就应该在这个状语从句中作宾语, 可是作为介词/连词/副词的as能作宾语吗?

实际上, 把例句①理解为定语从句或比较状语从句, 都有其合理之处, 但都不具有彻底解读为绝对的定语从句或比较状语从句的充分理由。

在第二个例句中, 由于有the same…as这样一个固定短语结构连接了句子的主句和从句, 就更不可能使用which/that去替换as, 错误地编造出一个the same…which/that的固定短语结构, 我们同样只能像例句①那样, 用as表达“像……一样”的含义, 却又不合语法规范地让as充当了相当于关系代词which/that才能充当的宾语语法成份。

(3) 主句中的先行词是单词way的定语从句。在这样的定语从句中, 缺主语/ 宾语/ 表语时, 用which/that引导从句;缺方式状语时, 用in which/that引导从句或者省略从句的引导词。例如:

① I know the way which/that/ (省略) you don’t know.

② I know the way in which/that/ (省略) you can work out the math problem.

例句①按照在定语从句中先行词表示事物、指代它的关系代词在从句中作宾语理解即可, 不会有语法争议。

有争议的是例句②。如果使用汉语语法“的”字结构作为定语的英汉语法移植理解手段, 可翻译为“我知道按照它你就能解出那道算术题的方法”, 主句是“我知道方法/ I know the way”, 先行词“方法” 的定语是“按照它你就能解出那道算术题的/ in which/that/ (省略) you can work out the math problem”。汉语用一个带“的”字结构的子句作前置定语, 修饰“一本书”, 英语则用定语从句作后置定语, 修饰先行词the way。从这个角度看, “in which/that/ (省略) you can work out the math problem”作定语从句, 不会有语法争议。

但是, 除了作为引导词的副词短语in which在从句中作方式状语不会有争议, that作引导词或者省略引导词是有语法争议的。因为, 首先, 在定语从句中, that是关系代词, 充当从句的主语/ 宾语/ 表语语法成份, 但这个句子缺的是方式状语;其次, 在限定性定语从句中, 一般只有当关系代词who/whom/which/that作从句的宾语/ 表语时, 才可以省略引导词, 既然例句②的定语从句中缺的是方式状语, 其引导词又怎么可以省略呢?

3结论

第一, 语言是人类文明发展的一种社会产物, 是一种社会存在现象。世界上一定是先有语言, 然后才有专门研究语言的人从语言现象中总结出规律性的语法规则, 语法规则是不大可能囊括所有语言现象的。所以, 语言中出现的语法规则不能完全解释的语言表达, 是正常的, 是语法规则中的特殊情况或者例外, 并非语法规则本身的问题。

第二, 从功用的角度看, 语法是一种工具, 服务于人们的语言使用, 使语言的表达更符合人类共同约定俗成的惯常表达, 使表达出来的听、说、读、写译等语言内容更加精准。

第三, 对于有争议的同一种语法现象有不同的语法解读, 这很正常, 只要其解读合乎逻辑, 就是可以接受的。对于本文中三种可以有争议的从句, 主流的语法教材均把它们作为定语从句来解读, 是因为定语从句的语法解读手段能够最接近实现对它们的完全解读。对它们进行属于其它从句种类的争议性语法解读, 则有助于提高人们对这三种有较高理解难度的从句的理解透彻度。

摘要：先行词除在含义上分别属于表示人、事物、时间、地点、原因的五种常规定语从句之外, 英语还有分别表示时间含义的名词作引导词的定语从句、as引导的定语从句、主句中的先行词是单词way的定语从句。传统的语法教材一般把这三种特殊的从句视为定语从句, 但定语从句的常规语法规则并不能对它们进行完全解读, 因为它们具有五类常规定语从句的大部分语法特征的同时, 也兼具其它类型从句的部分语法特征, 于是, 它们就成为可有争议的定语从句。

关键词：语法,复合句,定语从句,分类,争议

参考文献

[1]董亚芬.大学英语语法与练习[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2006.

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[3]黄伯荣, 廖序东.现代汉语[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 1991.

[4]何桂金, 高纪兰.新英语语法教程[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2010.

[5]李基安.现代英语语法[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 1998.

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篇4：高中英语语法定语从句教学探讨

【关键词】高中英语 语法知识 定语从句 教学

【中图分类号】G633.41 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-3089（2016）10-0084-02

一、前言

高中生要对定语从句进行明确掌握和了解。教师要改变传统以语法为主的讲解模式，应用例句，为学生营造特定的语言情境，让学生在特定语言氛围中进行定语从句学习，对句子成分、先行词和关系词等进行全面掌握。然后，再借助关系词填空和句子翻译等不同题型，引导学生进行定语从句训练，提高英语教学质量。

二、掌握定语从句概念

1.将课文中的定语从句作为例句，让学生对句子成分进行判定，分别找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词这些标志性的定语从句元素。

2.在课堂上，给出一篇文章，让学生找出文章中的定语从句，并对句子成分进行具体分析。

三、明确先行词成分

经过大量的定语从句训练之后，学生会对先行词的成分具有一个清晰的认知。教师要再次引导学生对先行词在句子中所充当的成分进行解析。从课文中或者习题中挑选一些例句，让学生进行分析。

例1：There are a few students in the school who might not have a happy season.

首先，让学生分别划出主句、从句、先行词、关系词。

其次，对主句和从句进行分别翻译。主句：学校有几个学生。从句：几个学生不能过一个快乐的季节。

第三，从句中的谓语动词和先行词分别为have和students。Students在该从句中充当主语，用关系词who表示。

四、语法规则学习

当高中生能够对从句中先行词的成分进行准确判定之后，引导学生对语法规则进行总结和归纳。在主从复合句中，定语从句一般用来对先行词进行修饰，它作为先行词的定语存在。它的位置是在先行词后面，并由关系代词或者关系副词引导。

1.关系代词

高中英语中常用的关系代词包括：who、that、which、whom、whose、as。它们在定语从句中作为主语、宾语、定语、表语存在。如果句子中的关系代词为主语，句子中的谓语动词、人称、数量要与先行词一致。

（1）如果先行词作为名词或代词，指物。在主句中以主语或宾语形式存在，定语从句用that或者which引导。教师要帮助学生根据其特性，判断关系词是否能够省略。

（2）如果先行词作为名词或代词，指人。在主句中以主语或宾语形式存在，定语从句用that或者who引导。教师要帮助学生根据其特性，判断关系词是否能够省略。

（3）whose作为定语，指代的是某人或者某物。在人和物的指代背景下，分别可以应用of whom和of which进行替换。

（4）关系代词as主要用来对限制性定语从句或者非限制性定语从句进行引导。如果引导限制性定语从句，会和such、so、as等连用；如果引导非限制性定语从句，可以位于句首。

2.关系副词

常用的关系副词包括wnhen、where、why。它们在定语从句中扮演的角色为时间状语、地点状语或原因状语。替代方式为：介词+which。

定语从句中的相关知识点比较繁琐和复杂，学生学习过程中会存在很多问题和疏漏。教师要结合学生的具体学习情况，引导他们对语法规则进行正确掌握，并对他们的细微性错误进行纠正。英语教师要学以致用，根据教学内容，布置相关练习题，让学生进行定语从句训练。

例2：It is a truly delightful place，_____ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.

A.as B.where C.that D.which

该题主要考查定语从句的关系代词。该句式一个非限制性定居从句，先行词为place，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词引导。As引导非限制性定语从句时，要放在句首，所以A排除，选D。

五、经典例句模仿

教师可以引导学生背诵一些定语从句，既能够帮助学生进行定语从句的学习，也能够应用到作文写作中，提高高中生的英语写作质量。

Treasure the things that you can't get.

不能得到的更要珍惜。

Don't give up the things that belongs to you and keep those lost things in memory.

属于自己的，不要放弃；已经失去的，留作记忆。

六、结语

定语从句是高中英语中的重要教学内容。英语教师要结合高中英语教学诉求，应用灵活性的思维进行定语从句教学，并在教学过程中，融入崭新的教学元素，培养高中生的英语学习兴趣，促进高中英语教学水平的提高。

参考文献

[1]唐姝婧. “形式聚焦”在高中英语语法教学的实施—定语从句和非谓语动词的教学研究[D]. 天津师范大学，2012.

篇5：初中英语定语从句练习题

（一）一、选择填空

1.Don’t talk about such things of _______ you are not sure.A.which

B.What

C.as

D.those 2.Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A.that

B.Where C.in which

D.the one 3.Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A.that

B.where

C.which

D.the one 4.Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago? A.that

B.where

C.which

D.the one 5.The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.A.that

B.Where

C.in which

D.in that 6.The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice.A.at which

B.on that C.in which

D.of what 7.This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts..A.how you have observed

B.what you have observed C.that you have observed

D.how that you have observed 8.The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine.A.because

B.why

C.that

D.whether 9.I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.A.all which

B.That C.all that

D.which 10.That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.A.whose

B.of which

C.in which

D.on which 11.I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.A.as

B.That

C.which

D.what 12.He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.A.which

B.it

C.that

D.what 13.We’re talking about the piano and the pianist _______ were in the concert we attended last night.A.Which

B.whom

C.who

D.that 14.The girl ________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.A.who is singing

B.is singing

C.sang

D.was singing 15.Those ___ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A.learn

B.Who

C.that learns

D.who learn 16.Anyone ________ this opinion may speak out.A.that against

B.that against

C.who is against

D.who are against 17.Didn’t you see the man ________?

A.I nodded just now

B.whom I nodded just now C.I nodded to him just now

D.I nodded to just now 18.Can you lend me the novel ______ the other day? A.that you talked

B.you talked about it C.which you talked with

D.you talked about 19.Is there anything _______ to you? A.that is belonged

B.that belongs C.that belong

D.which belongs 20.----“How do you like the book?”

----“It’s quite different from _______ I read last month.” A.that

B.which

C.the one

D.the one what 21.Mr.Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _____ who had lready taken them.A.the ones

B.ones

C.Some

D.the others 22.The train _______ she was travelling was late.A.which

B.Where C.on which

D.in that 23.He has lost the key to the drawer _______ the papers are kept.A.where

B.in which

C.under which

D.which 24.Antarctic _______ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.A.Which

B.Where

C.That

D.about which 25.It’s the third time _______ late this month.A.that you arrived

B.when you arrived C.that you’ve arrived

D.when you’ve arrived

26.It was in 1969 _______the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.A.that

B.which

C.when

D.in which 27.May the fourth is the day ______ we Chinese people will never forget.A.which

B.When

C.on which

D.about which 28.We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _______ live my grandparents and some relatives.A.Which

B.That

C.Who

D.where 29.The hotel _______ during our holidays stands by the seaside.A.we stayed at

B.where we stayed at C.we stayed

D.in that we stayed 30.Is it in that factory _______ “Red Flag” cars are produced? A.in which

B.Where

C.Which

D.that 31.It is the Suez Canal _______ separates Asia ______ Africa.A.which, to

B.where, from

C.that, from

D.that, with 32.Under the bridge, however, almost directly below, _______ was a small canoe, with a boy in it.A.There

B.Where

C.it

D.which 33.He is not ______ a fool _______.A.such, as he is looked

B.such, as he looks C.as, as he is looked

D.so, as he looks 34.Is that the reason _______ you are in favour of the proposal? A.Which

B.what

C.Why

D.for that 35.He must be from Africa, _______ can be seen from his skin.A.that

B.as

C.Who

D.what 36.He has two sons, _______ work as chemists.A.two of whom

B.both of whom

C.both of which

D.all of whom 37.I, _______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A.who is

B.who am

C.that is

D.what is 38.He is a man of great experience, _______ much can be learned.A.who

B.that

C.from which

D.from whom 39.----Do you know the town at all?---No, this is the first time I ________ here.A.was

B.have been

C.Came

D.am coming 40.I don’t like _______ you speak to her.A.the way

B.the way in that C.the way which

D.the way of which 41.The two things _______ they felt very proud are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.A.about which

B.of which

C.in which

D.for which 42.The dinner was the most expensive meal we ______.A.would have

B.have had

C.had never had

D.had ever had 43.Do you know which hotel _______? A.she is staying

B.she is staying in C.is she staying

D.is she staying in 44.There is only one thing _______ I can do.A.what

B.that

C.all

D.which 45.Who can think of a situation ________ this idiom can be used? A.Which

B.that

C.Where

D.in that 46.I have many books, some of _______ are on chemistry.A.them

B.that

C.Which

D.those 47.They were interested _______ you told them.A.in which

B.in that

C.all that

D.in everything 48.The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, ________ much help for knowing space.A.which we think it is

B.which we think are of C.of which we think is

D.I think which is of 49.The great day we looked forward to _______ at last.A.come

B.came

C.coming

D.comes 50.I like the second football match _______ was held last week.A.which

B.who

C.that

D./ 初中英语定语从句练习题

（二）1.A football fan(球迷)is _____ has a strong interest in football.A.a thing that

B.something that

C.a person who

D.what 2.The house, _____ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.A.the roof of which

B.which roof

C.its roof

D.the roof 3.Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day? A.that you talked

B.you talked about it C.which you talked with

D.you talked about 4.The matter _____ you were arguing about last night has been settled.A.That

B.What

C.why

D.for which 5.They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school.A.which

B.that

C.who

D.whom 6.Who _____ has common sense（常识）will do such a thing? A.which

B.who

C.whom

D.that 7.All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs.A.that

B.those

C.Which

D.what 8.They asked him to tell them everything _____ he saw at the front.A.what

B.that

C.which

D.where 9.I’ll tell you _____ he told me last night.A.all which

B.all what

C.that all

D.all 10.A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan.A.who

B.who’s

C.whose

D.which 11.Is this the museum _____ you visited the other day? A.that

B.Where

C.in which

D.the one 12.Is this museum _____ some German friends visited last Wednesday? A.that

B.Where

C.in which

D.the one 13.-How do you like the book?-It’s quite different from _____ I read last month.A.that

B.which

C.the one

D.the one what 14.Which sentence is wrong? A.The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.B.Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform? C.Science and new technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same amount of land.D.People in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth.15.The train _____ she was traveling was late.A.Which

B.where

C.on which

D.in that 16.He has lost the key to the drawer _____ the papers are kept.A.Where

B.on which

C.under which

D.which 17.Antarctic _____ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.A.which

B.where

C.that

D.about which 18.It’s the third time _____ late this month.A.that you arrived

B.when you arrived C.that you’ve arrived

D.when you’ve arrived

19.He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies.A.Whom

B.Who

C.when

D.because 20.The Second World War _____ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.A.When

B.during that

C.in which

D.which 21.He was born in the year _____ the Anti-Japanese War broke out.A.Which

B.When

C.on which

D.during which 22.Mr.Crossett will never forget the day _____ he spent with his various students.A.when

B.which

C.during which

D.on which 23.This is just the place _____ I am longing to visit these years.A.that

B.where

C.in which

D.to where

24.We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou, _____ live my grandparents and some relatives.A.Which

B.that

C.Who

D.where 25.The hotel _____ during our holidays stands by the seaside.A.we stayed at

B.where we stayed at

C.we stayed

D.in that we stayed 26.I have bought the same dress _____ she is wearing.A.as

B.that

C.which

D.than 27.He is not _____ a fool _____.A.such/as he is looked

B.such/as he looks C.as/as he is looked

D.so/as he looks 28.Is that the reason _____ you are in favor of the proposal? A.which

B.what

C.Why

D.for that 29.Some of the roads were flooded, _____ made our journey more difficult.A.which

B.it

C.what

D.that 30.He must be from Africa, _____ can be seen from his skin.A.That

B.as

C.who

D.what 31.He has two sons, _____ work as chemists.A.two of whom

B.both of whom

C.both of which

D.all of whom 32.The buses, _____ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A.most of that

B.which most

C.most of which

D.that most 33.My glasses, _____ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.A.which

B.with which

C.without which

D.that 34.Mr.Wu, _____ everybody likes, is going to give us a talk on chemistry.A.whom

B.That

C.which

D./ 35.This is Mr.Smith, _____ I think has something interesting to tell us.A.Who

B.Whom

C.that

D./ 36._____, the compass was first made in China.A.It is know to all

B.It is known that

C.We all know

D.As is known to all 37.I, _____ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A.who is

B.who am

C.that is

D.what is 38.He is a man of great experience, _____ much can be learned.A.who

B.that

C.from which

D.from whom 39.It was such a serious mistake, _____ caused by carelessness.A.which I think was

B.which I think it was C.I think which was

D.I think which it was 40.He lived in London for 3 months, during _____ he picked up some English.A.This

B.Which

C.that

D.when 41.The general at last got a chance to visit the village _____ he used to fight, _____ he had been dreaming of for years.A.that/which

B.where/that

C.in which/what

D.where/which 42.I will hire the man _____ they say is a good English speaker.A.Who B.That

C.which

D.whom 43.He has to work on Sundays, _____ he does not like.A.and which

B.which

C.and when

D.when 44.I gave him a warning, _____ he turned a deaf ear.A.of which

B.for which

C.to that

D.to which 45.My father has made me _____ I am.A.who

B.which

C.what

D.that 46.She is one of the few girls who _____ passed the examination.A.Was

B.were

C.has

D.have 47.He is my son, _____ a better son does not exist.A.but

B.than who

C.against whom

D.than whom 48.As many members _____ were present agreed to the plan.A.Who

B.that

C.which

D.as 49.You may call on me from one to five o’clock, during _____ I am always at home.A.the time

B.what time

C.that time

D.which time 50.China is the birthplace of kites, _____ kiteflying（放风筝）spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.A.from there

B.Where

C.from where

D.there Keys [参考答案]

一、1—5 AADBA 6—10 ABCCA

11—15 AADAD

16—20 CDDBC 21—25 ACBDC

26—30 AADAD 31—35 CABCB

36—40 BBDBA

41—45 BDBBC

46—50 CDBBC

二、1-5 CADAB

6-10 DABDC

11-15 ADCAC

16-20 ADCBC 21-25 BBADA

26-30 ABCAB

31-35 BCCAA

36-40 DBDAB 41-45 DABDC

46-50 DCDDC

一、定语从句的概念

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

二、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

三、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

四、关系代词的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）

The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）

2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）

The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）

3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）

Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？ 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）

注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：

This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。

（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：

The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。

（4）关系词只能用that的情况：

a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？

c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：

Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？

f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：

a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：

What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？

b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：

This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。

c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：

Tom came back，which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

五、关系副词的用法

（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如： This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：

This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如： Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.自我测试 / Test Yourself

1.-Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？

-Yes，he’s our headmaster.A.he B.who C.which D.whom

2.Is this the river _____I can swim？

A.which B.in which C.that D.the one

3.This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.A.where B.which C.that D.it

4.Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？

A.that you bought B.you bought it

C.that you bought it D.which you bought it

5.Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.A.which agrees B.who agree

C.who agrees D.which agree

6.My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.A.that B.it C.which who

7.The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate

A.who’s B.whose C.that of which.8.The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.A.which； is B.whom； was C.who； is D.who； was

9.I love places ______the people are really friendly.A.that B.which C.where D.who

10.The world ______ is made up of matter.A.in that we live B.on which we live

C.where we live in D.we live in

Ⅱ.用适当的关系代词that，which，who，whom填空。

1.The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.2.April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.3.The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.4.The house _____we live in is very old.5.Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now？

参考答案：

篇6：初中英语语法从句练习

一、用所给词的适当形式填空

1.If you ________(feel)tired, you _______________(have)to have a rest.2.Where _______ he _________(see)the film if he ________________(have)time?

3.If there __________(be)fewer trees, there _______________(be)more pollution.4.He _____________(dress)more casually if he ________________(not work)on weekends.5.If Marcia _____________(live)alone, she ___________________(keep)a pet parrot.6.Lana ________________(buy)a new dress if the old one ____________(be)out of style.7.The twins ______________(fight)if they_______________(argue).8.If the telephone ___________(ring), answer it.9.Peter _____________(send)me a beautiful souvenir if he ________________(tour)Spain.10.If Mr Green ___________(say)I am hard-working, my parents _____________(feel)glad.11.I ____________(go)to the beach if it________________(not rain)this week.12.__________they __________(have)a match if the P.E.teacher _____________(be)busy?

13.He ___________(write)a letter to his grandparents if he __________(get)his report card this week.14.If she ____________(get)up late, she _____________(not catch)the early bus.15.Don’t go out tomorrow if it__________(rain).二、根据汉语意思完成句子

1.如果你请求他，他会帮你的If you ________him, he _________ __________you

2.如果她早点儿起床，就有时间在家里吃早餐

If she___________________a little earlier, she’ll have time to eat breakfast at home.3.如果你参加聚会，你将会过得很开心。

If you__________ the party ,you_________ _________ a great time.4.如果明天下雨，我们将不去野餐

If it __________tomorrow, we _________ ___________ for a picnic.5.如果你经常听英文歌，你将会喜欢英语

If you often __________ __________English songs, you________ _________English.6.如果他到的晚了会发生什么事情？

What _______________ if he _____________ late?

7.如果努力学习，你就会取得好成绩。

If you__________ _________, you ___________ good _____________.8.他如果看电视太久了，他的父母会不高兴。

If he _________ TV too much, his parents __________ __________ unhappy.9.如果我们为他组织生日聚会，大家都会来的。

Everyone ________________ if we _____________ a birthday party __________ him.10.如果明天不下雨，我会和你一起去公园的。

If it ____________________ tomorrow, I ______________ go to the park _________ you.11.如果她起得晚了，就会旅游迟到的。

She;__________________________ the trip if she ___________________.12.如果他有空，他会帮助你的。

If he _________________, he _________________you.13.如果Tom考试不及格，他就没有机会上高中了。

Tom _________have the ________to go to the high school if he ___________ the exams.14.你如果抄同学的作业就不能学好各门功课。

You _________ _________ good at all the subjects if you _________ the other students’homework.1

三、单项选择

1.If you _____ to the party, you’ll have a great time.A.will goB.wentC.goD.going

2． I ______ her the answer if she _______me.A.can tell, will askB.will tell, will askC.would tell, askD.will tell, asks

3.– What are you going to do tomorrow?

--We’ll go to the library tomorrow if it ___.A.isn’t rainB.rainC.won’t rainD.doesn’t rain

4.—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow?

--Sorry, I don’t know.When he ____ back, I’ll tell you.A.comesB.will comeC.comeD.may come

5.What will you do if you _____ to the old folk’s home visit?

A.goB.wentC.goingD.will go

6.If I eat ____ food, I’ll be very fat.A.too manyB.many tooC.too muchD.much too

7.I’ll give the book to him if he ___ here next Sunday.A.will comeB.comesC.is comingD.came

8.There ____an English film in our school tomorrow.A.is going to haveB.will haveC.is going to beD.has

9.When my mother returned last night, I ____a book.A.readB.am readingC.was readingD.am going to read

10.What ____ you ____ when it began to rain?

A.do, doB.were, doingC.are, doingD.did, do

11.I’ll wake you up when he ____back.A.willB.is going to comeC.comesD.come.The volleyball match will be put off(推迟)if it

A.will rainB.rainsC.rained

13.I’ll go to meet you，if I__________free then.A.would beB.will beC.am

14.Be careful, if you____________want to make mistakes.A.won’tB.don’tC.didn’t

15.Work hard if you_________to get a good mark.A.wantedB.wantingC.want

16.There is going to_______sports meeting next week.If it ________, we’ll have to cancel it..A.be;will rainB.have;will rainC.be;rains

17.If he_________, I_________go swimming alone.A.doesn’t come, will goB.won’t come;will goC.will come;won’t go

18.If you _________a chance to study in a foreign country, just take it.A.gettingB.getC.will get