大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题

大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题（通用6篇）

篇1：大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题

So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that“reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible.”

Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity: It can be seen and observed.

Learning to read involves all that each individual does not make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny. If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in knowledge. Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easily, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”

When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.

1. The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that____.

A) it is one of the most difficult school courses

B) students spend endless hours in reading

C) reading tasks are assigned with little guidance

D) too much time is spent in teaching of reading

2. The teaching of reading will be successful if ____.

A) teachers can improve conditions at school for the students

B) teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading

C) teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading

D) teachers can make their teaching activities observably

3. The word “scrutiny”(Para.3) most probably means____.

A) inquiry B) observation C) control D) suspicion

4. According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ____.

A) children become highly motivated

B) teacher and learner roles are interchangeable

C) teaching helps children in the search for knowledge

D) reading enriches children’s experience

5. The main idea of the passage is that ____.

A) teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read

B) teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible

C) reading ability is something acquired rather than taught

D) reading is more complicated than generally believed

文章大意：

本文介绍了孩子如何学会阅读。虽然老师花了大量的时间教学生阅读，但显然这是徒劳无益的，因为阅读只有通过为学生创造合适的条件，让他们自己养成有效的阅读习惯，并通过阅读本身来解决有效阅读这一问题。

答案和解析：

1. D 细节题。通过题干回到第二段找相对应的地方可以得知答案。根据短文得知，第一段里提到的阅读课存在的问题是教学生阅读花的时间太多。见文章第一段里的第2-4句：Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible.” 根据endless hours spent in activities about reading可以判断，“大量的时间花在阅读这一活动上”，再结合Teaching children to read，可以看出阅读活动是指“教小孩阅读”而不是“小孩自己阅读”，所以答案为D。

2. B 细节题。通过题干回到文章里找相对应的地方可以得知答案。根据短文得知，如果老师能够让学生培养起自己的阅读方法，那么阅读教学就成功了。见文章第二段里的第三句： The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. 根据该句子的意思，“教阅读是否成功”在于for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read，所以答案为B。

3. B 词义题。通过上下文可以得知答案。根据短文得知，scrutiny的意思是observation。见文章第二段里的Teaching is also public activity: It can be seen and observed.与teaching 相对应的是learning to read, 而Almost all of it(learning to read)is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that processis not open to public scrutiny.因而teaching: public, can be seen/observed,那么learning to read 则是private, not open to public scrutiny, scrutiny一定与seen/observed近义，所以答案为B。

4. A 细节题。通过题干回到文章里找相对应的地方可以得知答案。根据短文得知，当学生有强烈的学习动机时，学会阅读就不再是一件难事。见文章最后一句Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading。句中的when隐含条件，在when条件中，关键是孩子有机会“通过阅读来解决学会阅读这一问题(to solve the problem of learning to read by reading)，所以答案为A。

5. C 主旨大意题。通过文章的主题句可以得知答案。根据短文得知，阅读能力是后天习得，而不是老师教会的。见文章的主题句，即para.1第一句：So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves.根据句子的意思，老师教孩子阅读，而这种做法只不过是“为孩子们做了只有他们自己才能做的事(do that which only children can do for themselves)”，所以答案为C。

篇2：大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题

Although many of us may feel air-conditioners bring relief from hot, humid or polluted outside air, they pose many potential health hazards. Much research has looked at how the movement of air inside a closed environment---such as an office building---can spread disease or expose people in the building to harmful chemicals.

One of the more widely publicized dangers is that of Legionnaire’s disease, which was first recognized inthe 1970s. This was found to have affected people in buildings with air-conditioning systems in which warmair pumped out of the system’ cooling towers was somehow sucked back into the air intake (通风口),in mostcases due to poor design. The warm air, filled with bacteria,was combined with cooled, conditioned air andwas then circulated around various parts of the building. Studies showed that even people outside such buildings were at risk if they walked past air exhaust pipes.

Large air-conditioning systems add water to the air they circulate by means of humidifiers (湿度调节器).Inolder systems, the water used for this process is kept in special reservoirs, the bottoms of which providebreeding grounds for bacteria which can find their way into the ventilation (通风)system. The risk to human health from this situation has been highlighted by the fact that the immune systems (免疫系统)of approximately half of workers in air-conditioned office buildings have developed the ability to fight off the organisms found at the bottom of system reservoirs. But chemicals called “biocides”are added to reservoirs to make them germ-free, and they are dangerous in their own right in sufficient quantities, as they often contain compounds strongly linked to cancers.

Finally, it should be pointed out that the artificial climatic environment created by air-conditioners canalso affect us. In a natural environment, whether indoor or outdoor, there are small variations in temperature and humidity. Indeed, the human body has long been accustomed to these normal changes. In an air-conditioned living or working environment, however, body temperatures remain well under37℃, our normal temperature. This leads to a weakened immune system and thus greater exposure to diseases such as colds and flu.

练习题：

Choose correct answers to the question:

1.What do we know about Legionnaire’s disease from the passage?

A.It was the most widely concerned office hazard.

B.It can affect people both inside and outside the building.

C.It happens only in air-conditioned office buildings.

D.It does not develop in well-designed buildings.

2.In the old air-conditioned systems, bacteria first develop______.

A.in the reservoirs

B. in the ventilation system

c. in the humidifiers

D. in the air intake

3.The fact that about half of workers developed the ability to fight off the bacteria may__.

A.relieve people’s worry about the danger caused by the bacteria

B.help people find an effective way to get rid of the bacteria

C.reflect the serious danger brought by the bacteria

D.cause serious disease such as cancers to people

4.The author most probably wants the readers to treat biocides with an attitude of_.

A.caution

B.trust

C.enthusiasm

D.criticism

5.The last paragraph implies that our immune system can be weakened when _

A.we live in an artificial climatic environment

B.there are variations in temperature and humidity

C.our body temperatures often remain not high enough

D.we are often exposed to diseases such as colds and flu

答案解析

1.[B] 事实细节题。本题主要考査复合句的理解。第2段最后一句表明B是正确选项。选项A中的most和C中的only都太绝对了，文中并未对选项A和C中的相关说法加以这样的限定。选项D也太绝对了，第2段第3句只是说到“大多数情况下是因为空调设计欠佳所致”,并不是说所有设计良好的大厦就不会发生这种情况。

2.[A] 事实细节題。本题考查复合句的.理解。只要明白第3段第2句这个非限制性定语从句中的the bottoms of which中的which是指上文的reservoirs,问题就不难解决了。

3.[C] 事实细节题。本题考查被动语态长句的理解。在第3段第3句中，关键词是highlight,选项C是对原句主谓部分的近义替换。选项A和B在文中皆无提及，选项D是过度使用生物杀灭剂的后果，与本题干的情况无关。

4.[A] 观点态度题。第3段最后两句讨论生物杀灭剂的用处，其中最后一句中的but, dangerous和cancers等词说明作者认为要慎用这种杀灭剂。作者并没对杀灭剂全盘否定，只是说过量使用会引发危险，因此选项D不对。

篇3：大学英语阅读理解试题的设计

一、阅读理解试题的选材

测试前, 一个重要的工作就是选材。如果选择的阅读材料不恰当, 命题时要么找不到合适的信息点, 要么难易度不合适, 结果只好放弃重来。所以, 在选择阅读材料时, 应注意以下几点:

1. 题材要多样

阅读材料应该题材多样, 不能只是故事, 也不能只是应用文, 更不能只是广告。阅读材料应该既与学生比较熟悉的话题有关, 又能够体现学生大学学习和生活将会面临的挑战。避免选择过于专业化的材料, 以保证对所有学科学生的公平。理解和获取信息的阅读目的要求所选语篇材料具有一定的学术特征。最好不是诗歌和小说体裁, 应考虑到所选材料体裁的多样性, 阅读材料通常包括说明文, 议论文, 叙述文和实用文来体现各种不同类型的阅读需要。

2. 材料要真实

阅读材料最好来源于原版的报纸、杂志、期刊和小册子, 尽可能保证材料在交际情景、语篇类型、文体、语言等方面都具有真实性, 即符合文体的要求, 符合篇章类型的要求, 能够反映学生的实际, 从而通过考生对其的解读, 比较可靠地推测出考生的语言能力。

3. 信息要丰富

为测试出不同层次的阅读能力, 阅读材料最好能包含充足的信息, 能激起思考和见解, 能展示出一定的篇章结构层次, 而不能是一些平铺直叙的材料。好的材料要包含丰富的考点因素, 能使命题者从各个角度设计出题目[2]。

4. 难易要适当

针对不同层次的考生, 阅读材料语言和词汇的难度要有明确的要求。词汇是决定阅读材料难易度的一个重要指标。选材时, 短文中的生词一般不超过短文字数的2%。

二、阅读理解试题的测试点

阅读理解的测试不是对知识的考查, 而是对学生阅读理解能力的考查, 或是阅读技能的考查。阅读理解的测试点主要包括:

1. 理解文章主旨、要义

任何文章都具有一定的目的, 要准确地对作者所写的文章做出反应, 首先应准确把握作者写作目的或要点。这类题的重点是考查学生的综合归纳能力, 学生应该将阅读的重点从理解文字内容转移到文章的整体信息上来。通常情况下, 学生可从文章的篇首或篇尾去寻找或者从每个段落的开头去寻找, 然后进行归纳总结。常见的题型是标题题和主旨大意题。

2. 理解文中具体信息

具体信息对文章的主题和中心思想起着支撑作用, 对于理解全文内容必不可少, 同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。常见的题型是细节理解题和细节推断题。

3. 根据上下文推测生词词义

正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步, 也是理解文章的基础, 不懂单词含义根本就谈不上理解文章。但英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思, 其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。通常根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义如通过定义、定语从句、同位语从句、逗号或冒号等标点符号、同义词或近义词、对比关系、因果关系、联想、例举、构词法等方法解题。常见的题型是推断生词、短语及句意题。

4. 作出简单判断与推理

阅读文章的目的主要是获取信息即作者所要传达的意思, 但有时候在实际阅读活动中, 作者的一些观点并非是直接表白, 有些事实也是需要进行推断的。因此我们必须培养根据已知线索进行相关推理或运算从而获知作者并未直接提到的事实或观点或某事发生的可能性的能力, 有时还可能要求推测本篇文章之前或之后的内容, 这也是大学英语阅读理解考查的能力之一。常见的题型是推理判断题。

5. 理解文章的基本结构

英语文章的基本结构通常使用主题段和主题句, 尤其是议论文更是如此。主题段通常位于一篇文章的开头 (有时也可能位于第二段, 有时没有) , 主要讲述本篇文章的中心思想, 而主题句则可能在一段文章的开头或结尾, 也可能位于段落的中间, 其目的是用来交代该段内容的大意, 再在下文对该主题句展开充分的叙述或讨论。要真正准确而深刻地理解一篇文章的内涵, 一定要把握文章的整体结构和对文章脉络。大学英语对这种能力的检测通常是通过对文章中心思想, 文章某一段大意或指代关系的阅读理解所表现出来。常见的题型是归纳段意题和推断指代题。

6. 理解作者的意图与态度

每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的, 通常情况下有以下三种写作目的:一是通过对某一人物、事件或物品的描述向读者传递某个信息;二是是通过议论发表对某事物的看法, 试图让读者接受自己的观点;三是纯粹是为了愉悦读者。只有准确地把握了作者的写作目的, 才能跟上作者的思路, 跟作者进行对话或思想交流, 达到作者的目的或读者自身的阅读目的。作者的写作目的并不总是明确告诉你的, 在大多数情况下只能依靠深入阅读把握作者言外之意。

三、阅读理解试题的提问技巧

1. 针对“信息”提问。

阅读理解题的任务是考查获取和利用信息的能力, 是考查理解能力。这种题项的重点不是考语法、词汇知识。倘若涉及到语法、词汇知识, 也应该考那些与信息的获取和利用密切相关的内容。例如, 某处用了虚拟语气, 如果要提问, 应该问句子隐含的意思, 而不是虚拟语气的构成。如果问及某个词语的意思, 不应简单地回忆课本上或者词典上给的意思, 而是猜测在这个语境中的意思。

2. 问题应该有层次之分, 常常问及以下内容:

1) 中心思想 (the main idea) 。考查弄懂主旨没有, 是否抓住材料传递的主要信息。

2) 重要的事实 (important facts) 或支持性观点 (supporting ideas) 。例如, 问关键的情节, 人物或事物的重要特征, 或者某一、两句重要的话的意思。

3) 合理的猜测 (reasonable guesses) 。这种问题的目的。是考查是否能够根据线索猜测没有直截了当地阐述的内容。例如, 根据情景猜测某一句话的含义, 根据讲话的语气猜测人与人的关系。还可以像前面讲过的那样, 猜测词语的意思。

4) 合乎逻辑的结论 (logical conclusions) 。要求分析、综合有关信息, 得出结论。这样的任务时常由最后一题来承担。

3. 要迫使考生从阅读材料中去找信息, 而不是让他们根据常识从选项中找信息。

四、阅读理解试题的编写原则

与其他试题一样, 阅读理解试题的设计同样要遵循效度原则、信度原则和杜绝偏见原则。

1. 效度原则

效度指试题能够测试出预定要测试内容的程度。阅读理解试题的效度取决于其是否能够测试所要测试的阅读理解能力, 因此编制试题首先要确定所要考查的阅读理解能力、技能或策略, 然后选择相应的考查方式, 设计相应的测试题目。

2. 信度原则

信度指考试结果的可信程度。在阅读试题的设计中要保持应有的信度, 就必须确保阅读理解所测试的是对语篇的理解能力, 而不是知识等。如果学生不用阅读就可以得到答案, 那么阅读试题就失去了应有的信度。因此, 阅读理解测试中应避免对知识类的考查。另外一种提高信度的方式是增加题目数量, 在同样的条件下, 题目数量越多信度就会越高。

3. 杜绝偏见原则

偏见指测试因某些学生的性别、种族、宗教信仰、文化、经历等对其所进行的冒犯或不公平的惩罚[5]。如果阅读材料的话题为一部分人所熟悉, 而另一部分人比较陌生, 阅读试题就存在偏见, 测试的成绩也就缺乏公平性。比如, 网上拍卖的话题为城市学生所熟悉, 田野生活的话题为农村学生所熟悉。这种话题总会对一部分学生来说是远离生活的, 这就造成测试中的偏见, 从而降低测试的公平性。要避免偏见, 一是要在选材上下功夫, 二是要熟悉课程标准和考试大纲。如果是学期期末考题, 就必须清楚学生已经学过什么类型的阅读材料, 学生了解什么话题。如果所设计的话题学生都不熟悉, 看似不存在不公平现象, 实际上同样是对学生的一种惩罚, 也是阅读测试中应该避免的[3]。

五、设计阅读理解题时需要注意的问题

要设计出一套理想的阅读理解题, 需要注意下面几个问题:

1. 设问和文章内容的分布要一致

1) 要尽量做到题序和所读材料内容顺序基本保持一致:在考试过程中多数考生是先看问题, 然后根据问题在文章中找答案, 如果题序和所读材料的顺序不一致, 会影响考生对材料的理解 (个别题型除外) ;

2) 编排试卷时, 通常把较容易的、检查对字面意义直观理解的细节类问题放在前面, 把检查判断和推论能力、检查主旨大意和作者观点、意图、态度的概括类问题放在后面。这样首先检查了考生对文章所述事实和细节的理解, 在此基础上, 再检查考生是否掌握主旨大意等。

3) 问题的覆盖面要广:尽量在不同的段落中设问, 不要把问题集中在个别段中, 这样就会出现很多无用的信息。如果问题的覆盖面太小, 仅占文章总词汇量的30%, 这样就很难达到检查学生阅读能力的目的。

4) 尽量避免对常识性的问题提问:对阅读理解能力考试的目的在于检查考生通过阅读, 在较短时间内获取需要信息的能力。因此, 设计考点时必须以短文的信息为依据。如果设计出来的题目是对一些常识设问, 考生不用读原文, 就能在选项中找出正确答案, 这类问题达不到检查阅读能力的目的, 属于无效题目。

2. 题干和干扰项

1) 作为题干的句子, 语言要准确、地道、得体、简洁。题干要简洁, 但是也要避免过于简短, 没有足够的语境, 使考生很难明确题意。

2) 选择项题干长短要一致:选择项的题干长短要尽量保持一致, 题干过长的选择项, 由于提供了较多的信息, 考生会猜测出它是正确的答案, 题干过短, 考生很容易就可以将其排除。

3) 干扰项尽量在所读材料中寻找:通常在设计阅读理解题时, 问题的后面有3或4个选项, 其中的干扰项要尽量在同一篇材料中选择, 要有相应的迷惑性, 使没有掌握相关知识的考生信以为真。不要出凭空想象的与文章没有任何联系的干扰项, 这样考生就会通过排除他所能鉴别的错误项猜到正确答案。另外干扰项的表述形式要尽量一致。

4) 不要在一个选项中涵盖其他题的内容或对其他问题有提示作用的内容。

3. 其他

1) 命题时要避免在同一篇文章之后的问题中, 反复使用同一个疑问词。

2) 四个选项要在正确答案中占有相对平均的数量, 不要将正确答案集中在某一项中。

3) 不要就生词提问, 尤其是在层次较低的试卷中, 问题和答案中应尽量避免生词[4]。

阅读理解试题的设计具有很强的科学性和艺术性。只有了解阅读理解试题的设计技巧, 才能客观可靠地了解学生的阅读能力, 才能真正达到考试的目的, 进而改进提高我们的阅读教学。

参考文献

[1]夏章洪:英语阅读选择题的设计原则[J]。湖州职业技术学院学报2005 (3) :61。

[2]徐欣幸:试论阅读理解的测试效度——如何保证高考英语阅读理解的测试质量[J]。招生考试研究上海市教育考试院主办2007 (2) 。

[3]王笃勤:英语阅读理解试题的设计[J]。山东师范大学外国语学院学报 (基础英语教育) 2006 (2) :79-83。

[4]张惠芹:阅读理解题的设计技巧[J]。北京第二外国语学院学报, 2005 (6) :5-9。

篇4：大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题

【关键词】阅读  策略

【中图分类号】G633.41 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-3089（2015）05-0090-01

英语高考试题注重了学生对于语言的掌握和理解，重视基础突出能力，体现了新课标的理念。话题贴近学生实际生活，整个卷面突出实用性，传递着正能量。注重语言的实用性、人文性、时代性。文章语言和题材鲜活，具有时代感。

从四年题型考点分布对比总数据图表我们从不难获悉无论改革发展走向如何，阅读理解部分始终是占有相当比例的一块大蛋糕。阅读理解题型主要考查学生的细节理解、主题概括、推理判断及根据上下文猜测词义的能力，并结合考查考生概括文章标题、主旨大意及作者意图的能力。其中阅读理解部分主要测试考生以下能力：

1.掌握所读文章和段落的主旨;2.了解阐述主旨的具体信息和有关细节;3.根据上下文判断大纲附表以外的个别词汇和短语的意义;4.理解长难句的意义，理解上下文之间的逻辑关系;5.进行一定的判断，推理和引申;6.感受正能量的传递并且判断作者的观点和态度。因而面对新课改和新一轮的高考方案，我们着重讨论高考英语阅读理解中针对以上情况设计的题型，帮助考生熟悉常见题型，掌握解题策略和技巧。把握作者在文段中所体现出的情感、态度、价值观;把握文章的写作思路，并能据此进行正确的推理与判断并能根据所提供的信息和考生自己的经历去理解。

一、主旨题——考查分辨和提纲挈领的能力。主旨题是阅读理解中最常见的题型之一，测试阅读理解的基本能力。这种题型考查学生在语言水平上对文章的把握：能否分辨主题和细节、是否具备提纲挈领的能力。从文章的逻辑结构、写作思路入手，把握文章的主旨。一般来讲，以时间为顺序的体现文章主旨的中心语句，在文章的第一段或最后一段中去找;以总—分—总逻辑顺序文章的在第一段概括性的语句中找;以分—总逻辑为序的在第一段总结性的语句中会得到体现。解答这类题，可以从下列切点入手：1.把握文章逻辑结构。高考阅读理解文章的主要逻辑结构有：按时间先后说明某一理论的发展，或某一研究成果由过去至现在的情况。属于这种结构的主题通常在首段或末段;首段做总的说明，其他段落分别说明或具体论述首段的观点。2.寻找并结合关键词概括段落大意或主题句。主题句表达中心思想，其它句子均围绕它进行说明或议论。根据图示，主题句通常体现在文章中第一段首句、第一段末句、文章正中和全文末句等地方，或是情节较为平和的叙事型。主题句的隐藏位置进行了下列的图表，主题句与文章的关系无非是下列几种图形论述与诠释：

二、例证题——学会说明例证。说明文和议论文章中举出一些例子是为了说明一定的道理。关键在于这个例子在原文出现的位置，但不管如何，这个例子之前或之后不远处通常都有一句总结说明性的话，这句话就是答案，即举例的目的。如果例子与全文主题有关，则例证主题，答案为主题句。如果例子与段落主题有关，就例证段落主题，则答案为段落主题句;此外则是答案为例子前后总结说明主题。

三、词义题——学会推断。要做好这类题，首先是掌握构词法的基本知识。假如对英语词汇中包含的前缀、后缀和词根的含义或功能比较了解，就能较准确地推测出它们相互组合形成的整体词义。鼓励考生除了以构词法破解词汇的意义以外，更多的方法是根据上下文所提供的线索词义。上下文线索所提示的意义与所考词汇的关系要么为同义关系，要么为反义关系。这推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话或是某几句话，但其指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。引导学生透过字里行间，发挥合理的想象，对文章的表面信息进行挖掘加工，根据具体线索找到原文相关句。

篇5：大学英语四级阅读寒假练习试题一

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement

contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.

You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by

marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Caring for elderly parents catches many unprepared

[A ] Last July, Julie Baldocchi，s mother had a massive stroke and was paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had to become a family caregiver, something that she wasn“t prepared for. “I was flying by the seat of my pants,” says Baldocchi, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and she knew her father couldn’t handle her mother’s care. The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocchi wasn’t willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents’ home created other problems. Baldocchi, 48, is married and lives about a mile away from her parents. She has a full-time job and has back problems that make it difficult for her to lift her mother. “I couldn’t do it all,” she says. “But I didn’t even know how to find help.”

[B] With help from the Family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hired a live-in caregiver. “But even if you plan intellectually and legally, you’re never ready for the emotional impact,” Baldocchi says. In the first two months after her mother’s stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted. More than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a survey by the AARP. An additional 61.6 million provided at least some care during the year. And many are unprepared.

[C] While many parents lack an advance care directive, it’s the most basic and important step they can take. The directive includes several parts, including: a durable power of attorney, which gives someone legal authority to make financial decisions on another’s behalf; a health care proxy, which is similar to the power of attorney, except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a living will that outlines instructions for end-of-life care. (For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificial measures.) “It’s invaluable for the kids, because it’s hard to make those decisions for a parent,” says Jennifer Cona, an elder- law attorney at Genser Dubow Genser & Cona in Melville, N.Y. An advance care directive is the first line of defense if a situation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the Family Caregiver Alliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed the parent’s legal guardian, says AgingCare.com.

[D] It’s important for families to talk about long-term care so the adult children know their parents，preferences, wishes and goals, says Lynn Feinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But it’s not an easy conversation. Elderly parents are sometimes suspicious of their children’s financial motives, says Susan John, a financial planner at Financial Focus in Wolfeboro, N.H. One client asked John to hold a family meeting because they needed an intermediary to talk about financial issues, she says. And when there are many siblings, the family decisions can become a three-ring circus with much acrimony, says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attorney in Glen Cove, N.Y. Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-law attorneys, financial planners, geriatric care managers and caregiver support groups. In February, AARP said it will offer its members a new caregiving support service through financial services firm Genworth.

[E] Many families are unprepared for quick decisions, especially when they find out that Medicare doesn’t pay for long-term care, Feinberg says. The median cost of a year in a private room at a nursing home in was $77,745, according to Genworth. And only those who have spent most of their assets can qualify for Medicaid to pay for the nursing home.

[ F] Assisted living is another option. Residents can have their own apartment to maintain some independence. But the facilities generally provide personal care services, such as meals, housekeeping and assistance with activities. Still, it’s not cheap: The national median cost in 2011 was $39,135, according to Genworth. Assisted living isn’t covered by Medicaid.

[G ] If they have a choice, at least 90% of elderly parents prefer to stay at home as long as they can, according to

AARP research. But if the parents can no longer safely live at home, it can be hard for children to move them into an adult care facility. There may be another option. Sometimes the home can be modified so a parent can stay there. For example, Baldocchi put in a chair lift for her mother. She also arranged for a home caregiver.

[H] Family caregivers take over many responsibilities. One might manage a parent’s finances, while another sibling will take the parent to doctors” appointments and shopping. Those who move in with a parent take on a significant and sustained burden of care. Jan Walker moved into her mother’s home in Leesburg, Fla. After her mother, who is 83, had fallen, she wasn’t able to get around as well. Walker, 55, has three brothers. But she is the only daughter, is divorced and has no children. “I always knew that this was the role that I would have, and I guess my mind was prepared for it,” says Walker, who now is a full-time caregiver and works from home as a tutorial instructor for a digital scrapbooking website. “When you get into the trenches, it’s literally baptism by fire,” she says. “New things come up. It’s not just about advance planning for finances or medical care. It’s everything,” she says.

[I ] Caregivers need to also watch their own health. “There is such a thing as caregiver burnout, ” Cona says. Among female caregivers 50 and older, 20% reported symptoms of depression, according to a study on working caregivers by MetLife. “It’s a hard job,” Walker says. “But most worthwhile things are hard. She was always there for me when I needed a helping hand. It’s only natural that I be here for her now.”

46. When elderly parents cannot live at home safely, their children can change their home instead of sending them to an adult care facility.

47. To talk about long-term care is not easy because sometimes aged parents are suspicious of their children’s financial motives.

48. Besides advance planning for finances or medical care, family caregivers take over many other responsibilities.

49. The difference between a durable power of attorney and a health care proxy is that the latter allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment.

50. Baldocchi did not want to send her mother to a nursing home, but she had difficulty taking care of her.

51. Over 42 million caregivers helped an adult with everyday activities in the USA in 2009.

52. If a family needs information or help to sort out disagreements, there are many people they can call on.

53. Caregivers should pay attention to their own health, or they may burn out or become depressed.

54. One will have to petition the court to be the parent’s legal guardian, if there is no advance directive.

55. The national median cost of assisted living in 2011 was $39,135 and it is not covered by Medicaid.

【答案解析】

46. [G]。题干意为，当上了年纪的父母住在家里不安全时，他们的孩子可以改变他们的家，而不是将他们送 到成人看护中心去。注意抓住题干中的关键词live at home safely和adult care facility。文章段落中，[G]段提 到了上了年纪的父母住在家里不安全和成人看护中心的内容，该段第二至四句提到，如果上了年纪的父 母住在家里不再安全，对于孩子来说将他们送到成人看护中心也很难，不过有另外一种选择――可以改 变他们的家以适合他们在那里度过晚年。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[G]。

47. [D]。题干意为，谈论长期护理问题并不容易，因为有时老年人会怀疑自己孩子有金钱方面的动机。注意 抓住题干中的关键词talk about long-term care、suspicious of和financial motives。文章段落中，[D]段提到了 谈论长期护理和老年人会怀疑自己孩子的内容，该段前三句指出，家庭成员谈论长期护理问题是很重要 的，这样才能了解父母的喜好和意愿等，但是这并不容易，有时候父母会怀疑子女有金钱方面的动机。由 此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[D]。

48. [H]。题干意为，除了提前进行资金和医疗方面的规划，家庭护理人员还有其他许多责任。注意抓住题干 中的关键词planning for finances or medical care和many other responsibilities。文章段落中，[H ]段首先就提到 了家庭护理人员要承担许多责任，该段最后指出，家庭护理不仅仅要提前做好资金和医疗规划，一切问题 都要考虑到。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[H]。

49. [C]。题干意为，永久授权书和医疗保健代理委托书的区别在于，后者允许某人做出有关医疗方面的决定。 注意抓住题干中的关键词a durable power of attorney和a health care proxy。文章段落中，只有[C]段提到了 这两个专有名词，该段第二句指出，护理指示应该包含a durable power of attorney、a health care proxy和a living will。在介绍health care proxy时提到，它与durable power of attorney相似，只是它允许某人做出有关医疗方面的决定。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[C]。

50. [A]。题干意为，Baldocchi不想将母亲送到疗养院，但是她又很难照顾她。注意抓住题干中的关键词 Baldocchi和nursing home。文章段落中，有几段都提到了 Baldocchi,但是提到她不想将母亲送往疗养院但 自己照顾母亲又有困难的只有[A]段。题干内容是对原文第一段的总结，故答案为[A]。

51. [B]。题干意为，，美国有超过4200万护理人员帮忙照料成年人的日常生活。题干中的关键词为Over 42 million caregivers和help an adult with everyday activities。文章段落中，[B]段倒数第三句提到 了 More than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities,其中 More than 42 million和daily activities分别与题干中的Over 42 million和everyday activities为同义互换。故答案为[B]。

52. [D]。题干意为，如果一个家庭需要解决纠纷的信息或帮助，他们可以向很多人求助。注意抓住题干中的关 键词sort out disagreements和call on。文章段落中，[D]段倒数第二句提到，如果一些家庭需要解决纠纷的信息或 者帮助，他们可以向老年法律师、金融规划师、老年人护理经理和护理人员组织求助。由此可知，题干是对 原文的同义转述，故答案为[D]。

53. [I]。题干意为，家庭护理人员应该注意自己的身体健康，否则他们可能会累垮或者变得心情抑郁。注意抓 住题干中的关键词their own health、burn out和depressed。文章段落中，提到要护理人员注意自己身体的是[I] 段，该段前三句指出，家庭护理人员也要注意自己的身体，有的时候护理者可能会累垮。对年龄在50岁及以 上的女性护理人员的调查显示，有20%的人称自己有抑郁症状。由此可知，题干是对原文这三句话的同义转 述，故答案为[I ]。题干中的 pay attention to their own health和原文中的 watch their own health对应。

54. [C]。题干意为，如果没有提前准备一份护理说明，那么想成为父母的合法监护人需要向法庭申请。注意 抓住题干中的关键词petition the court、parent’s legal guardian和no advance directive。本题比较简单，这几个关 键词均在文章[C ]段中直接出现，该段最后一句提到，Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed the parent’s legal guardian。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案 为[ C]。

篇6：大学英语六级长篇阅读模拟习题

Words: 1,036

Earthquakes

A) An earthquake is one of the most terrifying phenomena that nature can dish up. We generally think of the ground we stand on as “rock-solid” and completely stable. An earthquake can shatter (粉碎)that perception instantly, and often with extreme violence.

B) Up until relatively recently, scientists only had unproven guesses as to what actually caused earthquakes. Even today there is still a certain amount of mystery surrounding them, but scientists have a much clearer understanding. There has been enormous progress in the past century. Scientists have identified the forces that cause earthquakes, and developed technology that can tell us an earthquake"s magnitude and origin. The next hurdle is to find a way of predicting earthquakes, so they don’t catch people by surprise. In this article, we’ll find out what causes earthquakes, and we’ll also find out why they can have such a devastating effect on us.

C) An earthquake is a vibration(震动)that travels through the earth’s crust. Technically, a large truck that rumbles down the street is causing a mini-earthquake, if you feel your house shaking as it goes by; but we tend to think of earthquakes as events that affect a fairly large area, such as an entire city. All kinds of things can cause earthquakes: volcanic eruptions, meteor(流星)impacts, underground explosions (an underground nuclear test, for example), collapsing structures (such as a collapsing mine). But the majority of naturally-occurring earthquakes are caused by movements of the earth’s plates.

D) We only hear about earthquakes in the news every once in a while, but they are actually an everyday occurrence on our planet. According to the United States Geological Survey, more than 3 million earthquakes occur every year. That’s about 8,000 a day, or one every 11 seconds! The vast majority of these 3 million quakes are extremely weak. The law of probability also causes a good number of stronger quakes to happen in uninhabited places where no one feels them. It is the big

quakes that occur in highly populated areas that get our attention.

E) Earthquakes have caused a great deal of property damage over the years, and they have claimed many lives. In the last hundred years alone, there have been more than 1.5 million earthquake-related fatalities. Usually, it’s not the shaking ground itself that claims lives; it’s the associated destruction of man-made structures and other natural disasters it causes, such as tsunamis, avalanches (雪崩)and landslides.

F) The biggest scientific breakthrough in the history of seismology―the study of earthquakes―came in the middle of the 20th century, with the development of the theory of plate tectonics(筑造学).Scientists proposed the idea of plate tectonics to explain a number of peculiar phenomena on earth, such as the apparent movement of continents over time, the clustering of volcanic activity in certain areas and the presence of huge ridges at the bottom of the ocean.

G) The basic theory is that the surface layer of the earth―the lithosphere―is comprised of many plates that slide over the lubricating (润滑的)asthenosphere layer. At the boundaries between these huge plates of soil and rock, three different things can happen.

H) Plates can move apart. If two plates are moving apart from each other, hot, molten rock flows up from the layers of mantle below the lithosphere. This magma (岩浆) comes out on the surface (mostly at the bottom of the ocean), where it is called lava (熔岩).As the lava cools, it hardens to form new lithosphere material, filling in the gap. This is called a divergent plate boundary.

I) Plates can push together. If the two plates are moving toward each other, one plate typically pushes under the other one. This plate below sinks into the lower mantle layers, where it melts. At some boundaries where two plates meet, neither plate is in a position to push under the other, so they both push against each other to form mountains. The lines where plates push toward each other are called convergent plate boundaries.

J) Plates slide against each other. At other boundaries, plates simply slide by each other―one moves north and one moves south, for example. While the plates don’t drift directly into each other at these transform boundaries, they are pushed tightly together. A great deal of tension builds at the boundary.

K) We understand earthquakes a lot better than we did even 50 years ago, but we still can’t do much about them. They are caused by fundamental, powerful geological processes that are far beyond our control. These processes are also fairly unpredictable, so it’s not possible at this time to tell people exactly when an earthquake is going to occur. The first detected earthquake waves will tell us that more powerful vibrations are on their way, but this only gives us a few minutes’ warning, at most.

L) So what can we do about earthquakes? The major advances over the past 50 years have been in preparedness, particularly in the field of construction engineering. In 1973, the Uniform Building Code, an international set of standards for building construction,7 added7 specifications7 to7 strengthen7 buildings7 against7 the7 force7 of7 earthquake7 waves.7 This7 includes7 strengthening7 support7 material7 as7 well7 as7 designing buildings so they are flexible enough to absorb vibrations without falling or deteriorating. It’s very important to design structures that can undergo this sort of attack, particularly in earthquake -prone areas.

M) Another component of preparedness is educating the public. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) and other government agencies have produced several brochures explaining the processes involved in an earthquake and giving instructions on how to prepare your house for a possible earthquake, as well as what to do when a quake hits.

N) In the future, improvements in prediction and preparedness should further minimize the loss of life and property associated with earthquakes. But it will be a long time, if ever, before we’ll be ready for every substantial earthquake that might occur. Just like severe weather and disease, earthquakes are an unavoidable force generated by the powerful natural processes that shape our planet. All we can do is increase our understanding of the phenomenon and develop better ways to deal with it.

1. Earthquake-related fatalities are usually caused by buildings，collapse and other ensuing natural disasters, not by the shaking ground itself.

2. Besides movements of the earth’s plates, other forces such as volcanic eruptions, meteor impacts and so on, can also cause earthquakes.

3. Earthquakes actually occur every day; most of them are not big enough to get our attention.

4. People generally think the ground beneath their feet is completely stable, but earthquakes shatter that idea in no time.

5. We cannot prevent earthquakes but we can actively find better ways to face them.

6. Earthquakes are hardly predictable, and people cannot be told when an earthquake is going to occur.

7. Scientists have found out forces that cause earthquakes through years of efforts.

8. Architects now have designed flexible buildings to minimize the damages of earthquakes.

9. Scientists use the theory of plate tectonics to explain the apparent movement of continents over time.

10. The convergent plate boundaries refer to the lines where plates push toward each other.文章精要

地震危害巨大，了解地震对减少其带来的损失有着重要意义。本文讲解了引 发地震的因素、与地震有关的地壳板块运动和地震的危害，并指出尽管人类还无 法准确预测地震，但一些必要的防御措施能够减少地震带来的损失。

答案解析

1. E 本题是对E段最后一句话的同义转述。定位关键词是Earthquake-related fatalities。原文用it’s not...that claims lives; it’s...结构指出“通常不是地壳晃 动引起的死亡，而是伴随而来的房屋倒塌或其他自然灾害导致的死亡”， 题目用...be caused by...not by...结构表达了同样的意思。

2. C 本题是对C段最后两句的归纳，题目将两句话的含义概括为一句话。定位关键词是 movements of the earth$s plates, volcanic eruptions, meteor impacts。

3. D 本题是对D段的总结。定位关键词是get our attention。D段首句就提到每天都会发生地震，最后一句提到只有大地震才能引起人们的注意，本题就是 对这两句话的概括。

4. A 本题是对A段最后两句的同义转述。定位关键词是shatter。题目中的the ground beneath their feet同义转述了原文中的the ground we stand on。

5. N 本题是对N段最后两句的概括。定位关键词是better ways。文章最后一句提到，我们能做的就是增加我们对地震的认识，寻找更好的方法来应对它， 与题干表达一致。

6. K 本题是对K段第三句的同义转述。定位关键词是hardly predictable。原文提到：虽然我们对地震有了更深的了解，但地震仍然不受我们的控制，地震 是无法预测的，人们不可能得知地震什么时候会发生，表达与题干一致。

7. B 本题是对B段第三、四句的同义转述。定位关键词是cause earthquakes。题目中的found out同义转述了原文中的identified。

8. L 本题是对L段最后两句的概括。定位关键词是designed。原文提到：过去50年我们在应对地震方面取得了进步，尤其是在建筑工程领域。我们用特殊 材料加固房屋以应对地震的破坏，我们设计足够灵活的房屋，确保地震不 会导致房屋倒塌，这与题干表达的完全一致。

9. F 本题是F段中举例的一部分。定位关键词是the theory of plate tectonics。原文提到科学家用the idea of plate tectonics解释很多现象，其中之一就是the apparent movement of continents over time。