演说中英对照

演说中英对照（精选6篇）

篇1：演说中英对照

华盛顿总统就职演讲（中英文对照版完整版）

First Inaugural Address of George Washington

THE CITY OF NEW YORK

THURSDAY, APRIL 30, 1789

Fellow-Citizens of the Senate and of the House of Representatives:

Among the vicissitudes incident to life no event could have filled me with greater anxieties than that of which the notification was transmitted by your order, and received on the 14th day of the present month.On the one hand, I was summoned by my Country, whose voice I can never hear but with veneration and love, from a retreat which I had chosen with the fondest predilection, and, in my flattering hopes, with an immutable decision, as the asylum of my declining years--a retreat which was rendered every day more necessary as well as more dear to me by the addition of habit to inclination, and of frequent interruptions in my health to the gradual waste committed on it by time.On the other hand, the magnitude and difficulty of the trust to which the voice of my country called me, being sufficient to awaken in the wisest and most experienced of her citizens a distrustful scrutiny into his qualifications, could not but overwhelm with despondence one who(inheriting inferior endowments from nature and unpracticed in the duties of civil administration)ought to be peculiarly conscious of his own deficiencies.In this conflict of emotions all I dare aver is that it has been my faithful study to collect my duty from a just appreciation of every circumstance by which it might be affected.All I dare hope is that if, in executing this task, I have been too much swayed by a grateful remembrance of former instances, or by an affectionate sensibility to this transcendent proof of the confidence of my fellow-citizens, and have thence too little consulted my incapacity as well as disinclination for the weighty and untried cares before me, my error will be palliated by the motives which mislead me, and its consequences be judged by my country with some share of the partiality in which they originated.Such being the impressions under which I have, in obedience to the public summons, repaired to the present station, it would be peculiarly improper to omit in this first official act my fervent supplications to that Almighty Being who rules over the universe, who presides in the councils of nations, and whose providential aids can supply every human defect, that His benediction may consecrate to the liberties and happiness of the people of the United States a Government instituted by themselves for these essential purposes, and may enable every instrument employed in its administration to execute with success the functions allotted to his charge.In tendering this homage to the Great Author of every public and private good, I assure myself that it expresses your sentiments not less than my own, nor those of my fellow-citizens at large less than either.No people can be bound to acknowledge and adore the Invisible Hand which conducts the affairs of men more than those of the United States.Every step by which they have advanced to the character of an independent nation seems to have been distinguished by some token of providential agency;and in the important revolution just accomplished in the system of their united government the tranquil deliberations and voluntary consent of so many distinct communities from which the event has resulted can not be compared with the means by which most governments have been established without some return of pious gratitude, along with an humble anticipation of the future blessings which the past seem to presage.These reflections, arising out of the present crisis, have forced themselves too strongly on my mind to be suppressed.You will join with me, I trust, in thinking that there are none under the influence of which the proceedings of a new and free government can more auspiciously commence.By the article establishing the executive department it is made the duty of the President “to recommend to your consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.” The circumstances under which I now meet you will acquit me from entering into that subject further than to refer to the great constitutional charter under which you are assembled, and which, in defining your powers, designates the objects to which your attention is to be given.It will be more consistent with those circumstances, and far more congenial with the feelings which actuate me, to substitute, in place of a recommendation of particular measures, the tribute that is due to the talents, the rectitude, and the patriotism which adorn the characters selected to devise and adopt them.In these honorable qualifications I behold the surest pledges that as on one side no local prejudices or attachments, no separate views nor party animosities, will misdirect the comprehensive and equal eye which ought to watch over this great assemblage of communities and interests, so, on another, that the foundation of our national policy will be laid in the pure and immutable principles of private morality, and the preeminence of free government be exemplified by all the attributes which can win the affections of its citizens and command the respect of the world.I dwell on this prospect with every satisfaction which an ardent love for my country can inspire, since there is no truth more thoroughly established than that there exists in the economy and course of nature an indissoluble union between virtue and happiness;between duty and advantage;between the genuine maxims of an honest and magnanimous policy and the solid rewards of public prosperity and felicity;since we ought to be no less persuaded that the propitious smiles of Heaven can never be expected on a nation that disregards the eternal rules of order and right which Heaven itself has ordained;and since the preservation of the sacred fire of liberty and the destiny of the republican model of government are justly considered, perhaps, as deeply, as finally, staked on the experiment entrusted to the hands of the American people.Besides the ordinary objects submitted to your care, it will remain with your judgment to decide how far an exercise of the occasional power delegated by the fifth article of the Constitution is rendered expedient at the present juncture by the nature of objections which have been urged against the system, or by the degree of inquietude which has given birth to them.Instead of undertaking particular recommendations on this subject, in which I could be guided by no lights derived from official opportunities, I shall again give way to my entire confidence in your discernment and pursuit of the public good;for I assure myself that whilst you carefully avoid every alteration which might endanger the benefits of an united and effective government, or which ought to await the future lessons of experience, a reverence for the characteristic rights of freemen and a regard for the public harmony will sufficiently influence your deliberations on the question how far the former can be impregnably fortified or the latter be safely and advantageously promoted.To the foregoing observations I have one to add, which will be most properly addressed to the House of Representatives.It concerns myself, and will therefore be as brief as possible.When I was first honored with a call into the service of my country, then on the eve of an arduous struggle for its liberties, the light in which I contemplated my duty required that I should renounce every pecuniary compensation.From this resolution I have in no instance departed;and being still under the impressions which produced it, I must decline as inapplicable to myself any share in the personal emoluments which may be indispensably included in a permanent provision for the executive department, and must accordingly pray that the pecuniary estimates for the station in which I am placed may during my continuance in it be limited to such actual expenditures as the public good may be thought to require.Having thus imparted to you my sentiments as they have been awakened by the occasion which brings us together, I shall take my present leave;but not without resorting once more to the benign Parent of the Human Race in humble supplication that, since He has been pleased to favor the American people with opportunities for deliberating in perfect tranquillity, and dispositions for deciding with unparalleled unanimity on a form of government for the security of their union and the advancement of their happiness, so His divine blessing may be equally conspicuous in the enlarged views, the temperate consultations, and the wise measures on which the success of this Government must depend.【中文译文】：

美国人民的实验

乔治-华盛顿

第一次就职演讲

纽约 星期四,1789年4月30日

参议院和众议院的同胞们：

在人生沉浮中，没有一件事能比本月14日收到根据你们的命令送达的通知更使我焦虑不安，一方面，国家召唤我出任此职，对于她的召唤，我永远只能肃然敬从；而隐退是我以挚爱心憎、满腔希望和坚定的决心选择的暮年归宿，由于爱好和习惯，且时光流逝，健康渐衰，时感体力不济，愈觉隐退之必要和可贵。另一方面，国家召唤我担负的责任如此重大和艰巨，足以使国内最有才智和经验的人度德量力，而我天资愚饨，又无民政管理的实践，理应倍觉自己能力之不足，因而必然感到难以肩此重任。怀着这种矛盾心情，我唯一敢断言的是，通过正确估计可能产生影响的各种情况来克尽厥职，乃是我忠贞不渝的努力目标。我唯一敢祈望的是，如果我在执行这项任务时因陶醉于往事，或因由衷感激公民们对我的高度信赖，因而受到过多影响，以致在处理从未经历过的大事时，忽视了自己的无能和消极，我的错误将会由于使我误人歧途的各种动机而减轻，而大家在评判错误的后果时；也会适当包涵产生这些动机的偏见。

既然这就是我在遵奉公众召唤就任现职时的感想，那么，在此宣誓就职之际，如不热忱地祈求全能的上帝就极其失当，因为上帝统治着宇宙，主宰着各国政府，它的神助能弥补人类的任何不足，愿上帝赐福，侃佑一个为美国人民的自由和幸福而组成的政府，保佑它为这些基本目的而作出奉献，保佑政府的各项行政措施在我负责之下都能成功地发挥作用。我相信，在向公众利益和私人利益的伟大缔造者献上这份崇敬时，这些活也同样表达了各位和广大公民的心意。没有人能比美国人更坚定不移地承认和崇拜掌管人间事务的上帝。他们在迈向独立国家的进程中，似乎每走一步都有某种天佑的迹象；他们在刚刚完成的联邦政府体制的重大改革中，如果不是因虔诚的感恩而得到某种回报，如果不是谦卑地期待着过去有所预示的赐福的到来，那么，通过众多截然不同的集团的平静思考和自愿赞同来完成改革，这种方式是不能与大多数政府的组建方式同日而语的。在目前转折关头，我产生这些想法确实是深有所感而不能自已，我相信大家会和我怀有同感，即除了仰仗上帝的力量，一个新生的自由政府别无他法能一开始就事事顺利。根据设立行政部门的条款，总统有责任“将他认为必要而妥善的措施提请国会审议”。但在目前与各位见面的这个场合，恕我不进一步讨论这个问题，而只提一下伟大的宪法，它使各位今天聚集一堂，它规定了各位的权限，指出了各位应该注意的目标。在这样的场合，更恰当、也更能反映我内心激情的做法是不提出具体措施，而是称颂将要规划和采纳这些措施的当选者的才能、正直和爱国心。我从这些高贵品格中看到了最可靠的保证：其一，任何地方偏见或地方感情，任何意见分歧或党派敌视，都不能使我们偏离全局观点和公平观点，即必须维护这个由不同地区和利益所组成的大联合；因此，其二，我国的政策将会以纯洁而坚定的个人道德原则为基础，而自由政府将会以那赢得民心和全世界尊敬的一切特点而显示其优越性。我对国家的一片热爱之心激励着我满怀喜悦地展望这幅远景，因为根据自然界的构成和发展趋势，在美德与幸福之间，责任与利益之间，恪守诚实宽厚的政策与获得社会繁荣幸福的硕果之间，有着密不可分的统一；因为我们应该同样相信，上帝亲自规定了水恒的秩序和权利法则，它决不可能对无视这些法则的国家慈祥地加以赞许；因为人们理所当然地、满怀深情地、也许是最后一次把维护神圣的自由之火和共和制政府的命运，系于美国人所遵命进行的实验上。

我已将有感于这一聚会场合的想法奉告各位，现在我就要向大家告辞；但在此以前，我要再一次以谦卑的心情祈求仁慈的上帝给予帮助。因为承蒙上帝的恩赐，美国人有了深思熟虑的机会，以及为确保联邦的安全和促进幸福，用前所未有的一致意见来决定政府体制的意向；因而，同样明显的是，上帝将保佑我们扩大眼界，心平气和地进行协商，并采取明智的措施，而这些都是本届政府取得成功所必不可少的依靠。

篇2：演说中英对照

希拉里竞选演说（中英对照版）

特朗普在11月8日美国大选中获得了第45任美国总统职位入主白宫。本周三(11月9日)大选失败的希拉

里及其竞选团队举行了迟到的“承认失败”演讲。

演讲在美国东部时间11:30开始。希拉里的副总统候选人、前弗吉尼亚州州长蒂姆凯恩为希拉里做了介绍开场白。他带着哽咽的声音表示自己为希拉里感到骄傲，并与支持者一同欢迎了演讲的主角希拉里。

希拉里与丈夫美国前总统比尔克林顿以及家人一同上台。她的出现获得了台下支持者的热烈欢迎。希拉里首先感谢了所有的竞选团队。希拉里表示，她祝贺了特朗普，并表示希望特朗普成为一个好总统。

希拉里表示，尽管失败，但自己的竞选团队表现出非常优秀的成绩。希拉里表示，大选失败的确是非常痛苦的结果，而且她承认这种痛苦将会持续很长时间。但她仍然表示生活仍然需要继续。

希拉里承认自己与自己的支持者都非常失望。但她表示，自己的竞选活动不是为了一个人或是一群人，而是为了将美国建立成更加美丽的国家。所以希拉里希望所有美国人必须共同为美国的未来做出贡献。希拉里表示，“我们的国家一直都以平稳的政府过渡而闻名，我希望这个传统能受到所有美国人的尊重。”

希拉里仍然重申了自己希望各民族、各宗教的美国人民公共创造美好美国未来的希望。但她仍然表示，希望所有人在今天之后，继续为国家做出贡献，并给特朗普一个机会，让他证明自己可以成为一个好的美国总统。

希拉里在最后感谢了自己的竞选伙伴，感谢了自己的支持者。她还特别感谢了美国上任总统奥巴马对她的支持以及他为美国作出的无数贡献。

希拉里向所有年轻人提出建议：“尽管人生中总有失败，但为了理想，为了自己认为正确的事业而奋斗绝对值得。”

美国总统候选人演讲

希拉里对所有的女性表示，“你绝对配得上你努力获得的一切成就。”

希拉里表示，作为一个美国人，她仍然相信，只要美国人团结一致，那么美国更美好的未来将会到来。

希拉里在演讲最后对所有的竞选团队表示，愿上帝保佑你们，愿上帝保佑美国。

附演讲全文：

希拉里：谢谢，谢谢你们!谢谢!

(掌声)

谢谢，非常感谢你们!谢谢!

(掌声)

谢谢你们的欢呼和掌声!感谢你们，我的朋友们!谢谢!非常感谢你们与我一同在此!我也爱你们!

我已于昨晚祝贺唐纳德·特朗普成功当选总统，并且主动提出与他共事，一同为这个国家服务。我希望他能成为一名成功的总统，一位服务所有美国人的总统。我们为这次竞选付出了艰苦卓绝的努力，却没有得到我们想要的结果。对此，我感到非常抱歉。我们没有凭借所认可的价值观和为美国设计的愿景而赢得这次选举。

但是，我们共同创造了一次无与伦比的竞选活动，对此我深感骄傲，并心存感激。这次竞选活动涉及范围广阔、富有变化、别出新意、灵活多变、并且充满活力。在你们身上能看到美国人最优秀的品质，而能够成为你们的候选人是我这辈子最大的荣耀之一。

(掌声)

美国总统候选人演讲

我知道你们有多沮丧，因为我也切身体会。想必，寄希望和梦想于这次竞选的千百万美国人也和我们一样伤感。落选是痛苦的，并且痛苦将持续很长一段时间。但是，我希望你们记住：

我们竞选从来不是为了某一个人或者某一次选举，而是为了这个我们所热爱的国家，是为了建成一个充满希望、充满善意、兼容并包的国家。

我们都有目共睹，我们国家的割裂程度比我们想象的要严重。但我仍然并将一直对美国抱有信心。如果你和我一样抱有信心，那么我们就必须接受落选的结果，然后朝前看。唐纳德·特朗普将成为我们的下一任总统。我们本该用更开放的心态看待他，他也应该得到一次领导美国的机会。

我们的宪政民主制度要求：权力交接必须和平进行。我们尊重并且珍视这样的规定。此外，该制度还规定了法治，规定了人人享有平等权利和尊严的原则，规定了宗教自由和表达自由。我们也同样尊重并珍视这些价值观，而且我们必须要捍卫它们。

(掌声)

不仅如此，宪政制度要求我们参与其中，不仅仅是四年一次的参与，而是要始终如一的参与。因此，让我们继续共同努力：为我们所珍视的事业和价值观不懈奋斗;让每个人、而不仅仅是上层人士，都能从经济发展中受益;保护我们的国家和地球;并破除一切阻碍我们实现美国梦的障碍。

希拉里：过去一年半的时间里，在我们的号召和引领下，来自全国各个地方的人们汇集在一起，发出共同的声音：我们相信美国梦大到可以容纳下每一个美国人—不论来自什么种族，不论有着怎样的信仰，不论是男还是女，不论是不是移民，不论是不是同性恋或是变性者，不论是不是残疾人，美国梦是每个人的美国梦!

(掌声)

那么，作为美国公民的一份子，我们需要各尽其责，为打造一个更好、更强、更公平的美国而奋斗。我知道，你们会为此而不懈努力。

美国总统候选人演讲

我很感激能和你们站在一起。我还要感谢竞选搭档蒂姆·凯恩和安妮·霍尔顿夫妻的一路陪伴。在我们增进对彼此了解的过程中，我们相处甚欢。得知蒂姆将会继续担任弗吉尼亚州议员，为民主党奋战在前线，我感到巨大的希望和安慰。

(掌声)

让我们向奥巴马夫妇致敬，非常感谢你们为国家作出的一切。感谢你们的坚强领导，这对美国以及世界都有着非常重要的意义。

谢谢比尔、切尔莎、马克、夏洛特和艾丹，谢谢我的两个弟弟，谢谢所有的家人。我对你们的爱已经无法用言语来表达。你们代表竞选团队在全国四处奔走，在我最需要的时候给予我支持和鼓励—就连仅4岁的小艾丹都跟随他的妈妈四处奔波。

我将永远心存感激，感谢所有在纽约布鲁克林以及全国其他地方总部辛勤工作的你们，谢谢你们的创意、才华和奉献!

(掌声)

你们为这次竞选倾注了心血。在你们当中，有些人是第一次参加竞选活动，有些人是退伍军人，曾经参加过其他的竞选活动。不管怎样，我想让你们每个人知道，这次竞选是任何人所能期待和参与的最佳竞选。

(掌声)

感谢千千万万的志愿者、社区领导、政治活动家、集会组织者!谢谢你们到户宣传、劝说邻居，在脸书甚至是秘密的私人脸书网站上发帖……

(笑声)

美国总统候选人演讲

(掌声)

……我想要每个人都从幕后走到台前，让你们的声音都被聆听。

(掌声)

感谢所有捐款者，即便是5美元，也是让我们继续前行的动力。我仅代表我们团队的所有人谢谢你们!

我还要特别感谢所有的年轻人。我希望你们能听到这一部分的内容。正如蒂姆所说的，我这辈子都在为我的信条而奋斗。有过成功，也有过挫折，有时候甚至是非常严重的挫折。你们当中许多人都处在公共领域工作或政治生涯的早期。同样地，你们会得到成功，也会遭受挫折。

这次落选令人心痛，但是请千万不要放弃相信：为正义奋斗是值得的。

(掌声)

希拉里：是的，是值得的。

(掌声)

因此，我们需要你们继续为正义而奋斗，为之奋斗终生。

谢谢所有的女性，尤其是年轻女性，谢谢你们对这次竞选和对我的支持和信心。我想要你们知道，成为你们的斗士是我最大的骄傲。

(掌声)

我知道，我们还没有打碎最高和最硬的玻璃天花板(指女性当选总统)，但终有一天，有人会打碎，希望这一天能比我们期待的更早到来。

美国总统候选人演讲

(掌声)

我还要谢谢所有正在观看此次演讲的小女孩们。我想告诉你们，永远都不要质疑你自己的价值和能力，你配得上每一个帮助你追逐和实现梦想的机会。

最后……

(掌声)

最后，我要感谢国家，感谢国家给我的一切。我每天都在为我自己是美国人而感到幸运。并且，我仍然坚信不疑，只要我们齐心协力，尊重差异，相信并热爱这个国家，我们还会取得更伟大的成就。

(掌声)

因为我相信“众人拾柴火焰高”，我相信我们会一起向前。并且，永远也不要后悔你为这个目标奋斗过。圣经上说，“我们行善，不可丧志。若不灰心，到了时候，就要收成”。

朋友们，让我们相信彼此，让我们保持斗志，让我们保持信心，因为未来还有机会。而我们也还有更多的工作需要去做。

能够有机会代表你们参与这次至关重要的选举，我感到无比荣幸、无比感激!

(翻译作者：粥叔;)

英文原文：

Hillary Clinton’s concession speech 2016

Site: http://time.com/4564480/read-hillary-clintons-concession-speech-full-transcript/

美国总统候选人演讲

CLINTON: Thank you.Thank you all.Thank you.(APPLAUSE)

Thank you all very much.Thank you.Thank you.Thank you so much.(APPLAUSE)

Very rowdy group.Thank you, my friends.Thank you.Thank you, thank you so very much for being here and I love you all, too.Last night, I congratulated Donald Trump and offered to work with him on behalf of our country.I hope that he will be a successful president for all Americans.This is not the outcome we wanted or we worked so hard for and I’m sorry that we did not win this election for the values we share and the vision we hold for our country.But I feel pride and gratitude for this wonderful campaign that we built together, this vast, diverse, creative, unruly, energized campaign.You represent the best of America and being your candidate has been one of the greatest honors of my life.(APPLAUSE)

I know how disappointed you feel because I feel it too, and so do tens of millions of Americans who invested their hopes and dreams in this effort.This is painful and it will be for a long time, but I want you to remember this.Our campaign was never about one person or even one election, it was about the country we love and about building an America that’s hopeful, inclusive and big-hearted.We have seen that our nation is more deeply divided than we thought.But I still believe in America and I always will.And if you do, then we must accept this result and then look to the future.Donald Trump is going to be our president.We owe him an open mind and the chance to lead.美国总统候选人演讲

Our constitutional democracy enshrines the peaceful transfer of power and we don’t just respect that, we cherish it.It also enshrines other things;the rule of law, the principle that we are all equal in rights and dignity, freedom of worship and expression.We respect and cherish these values too and we must defend them.(APPLAUSE)

Now — and let me add, our constitutional democracy demands our participation, not just every four years but all the time.So let’s do all we can to keep advancing the causes and values we all hold dear;making our economy work for everyone not just those at the top, protecting our country and protecting our planet and breaking down all the barriers that hold any American back from achieving their dreams.CLINTON: We’ve spent a year and a half bringing together millions of people from every corner of our country to say with one voice that we believe that the American dream is big enough for everyone — for people of all races and religions, for men and women, for immigrants, for LGBT people, and people with disabilities.For everyone.(APPLAUSE)

So now, our responsibility as citizens is to keep doing our part to build that better, stronger, fairer America we seek.And I know you will.I am so grateful to stand with all of you.I want to thank Tim Kaine and Anne Holton for being our partners on this journey.(APPLAUSE)

It has been a joy getting to know them better, and it gives me great hope and comfort to know that Tim will remain on the front lines of our democracy representing Virginia in the Senate.美国总统候选人演讲

(APPLAUSE)

To Barack and Michelle Obama, our country owes you an enormous debt of gratitude.(APPLAUSE)

We — we thank you for your graceful, determined leadership that has meant so much to so many Americans and people across the world.And to Bill and Chelsea, Mark, Charlotte, Aidan, our brothers and our entire family, my love for you means more than I can ever express.You crisscrossed this country on our behalf and lifted me up when I needed it most — even four-month-old Aidan who traveled with his mom.I will always be grateful to the creative, talented, dedicated men and women at our headquarters in Brooklyn and across our country.(APPLAUSE)

You poured your hearts into this campaign.For some of you who are veterans, it was a campaign after you had done other campaigns.Some of you, it was your first campaign.I want each of you to know that you were the best campaign anybody could have ever expected or wanted.(APPLAUSE)

And to the millions of volunteers, community leaders, activists and union organizers who knocked on doors, talked to neighbors, posted on Facebook, even in secret, private Facebook sites…

(LAUGHTER)

美国总统候选人演讲

(APPLAUSE)

… I want everybody coming out from behind that and make sure your voices are heard going forward.(APPLAUSE)

To everyone who sent in contributions as small at $5 and kept us going, thank you.Thank you from all of us.And to the young people in particular, I hope you will hear this.I have, as Tim said, spent my entire adult life fighting for what I believe in.I’ve had successes and I’ve had setbacks.Sometimes, really painful ones.Many of you are at the beginning of your professional public and political careers.You will have successes and setbacks, too.This loss hurts, but please never stop believing that fighting for what’s right is worth it.(APPLAUSE)

CLINTON: It is — it is worth it.(APPLAUSE)

And so we need — we need you to keep up these fights now and for the rest of your lives.And to all the women, and especially the young women, who put their faith in this campaign and in me, I want you to know that nothing has made me prouder than to be your champion.(APPLAUSE)

美国总统候选人演讲

Now, I — I know — I know we have still not shattered that highest and hardest glass ceiling, but some day someone will and hopefully sooner than we might think right now.(APPLAUSE)

And — and to all the little girls who are watching this, never doubt that you are valuable and powerful and deserving of every chance and opportunity in the world to pursue and achieve your own dreams.Finally…

(APPLAUSE)

Finally, I am so grateful for our country and for all it has given to me.I count my blessings every single day that I am an American.And I still believe as deeply as I ever have that if we stand together and work together with respect for our differences, strength in our convictions and love for this nation, our best days are still ahead of us.(APPLAUSE)

Because, you know — you know, I believe we are stronger together and we will go forward together.And you should never, ever regret fighting for that.You know, scripture tells us, “Let us not grow weary in doing good, for in due season, we shall reap if we do not lose heart.”

篇3：演说中英对照

英语是世界上最受欢迎, 也是应用最广的一门语言。其声调抑扬顿挫, 音节轻重缓急, 节奏清晰明快, 富有音乐美 (朱成鹏、白志敏, 1994) , 因此, 语调也经常被称为“语言的韵律”。目前关于英语语调的研究多为传统的研究, 对于英语语调在语篇中的功能研究更是凤毛麟角 (曲明文, 2006) , 本文从口语语篇的实例分析入手, 对英语语调的实际应用作一探讨。

二、英语语调的语法功能

在口头交流中, 英语语调对表达意思、传递信息起着重要的作用, 它使听话者更加容易理解说话者所要传递的信息。英语语调的语法功能已被广泛地接受, 它把语调与句子结构联系起来改变语调。语调与语法紧密相关, 我们甚至可以说它是语法的一部分。如: (本文语料皆选自奥巴马总统的就职演说)

1. Forty-four Americans/have now`taken/the presidential`oath.

2. That we are in the midst of′crisis/is now well`understood.

(“/”表示停顿, “`”表示降调, “′”表示声调, “ˇ”表示降升调, “^”表示升降调, 下同)

陈述句中用降调标志一句话的结束, 表示说话者的肯定语气。升调则常用于疑问句中, 尤其是一般疑问句。降升调表示限制性肯定, 通常含有言外之意。一般情况下, 陈述句、祈使句、感叹句和特殊疑问句使用降调, 一般疑问句使用升调, 其它句型和从句也都有固定的语调模式 (朱成鹏、白志敏, 1994) 。但是需要注意一点, 在句型与声调之间没有一对一的联系, 它们是两个各自独立的系统, 却互相和谐地对语篇的意义起着重要作用。

三、英语语调的表态功能

语调最普通的功能就是用来表达态度或情感。在口头交流中, 我们使用声调来告诉听话者我们的感觉、状态还有处境。相同的一句话如果我们以不同的语调来表达, 就可能是生气、高兴、感激、厌烦等情绪。但在实际的交流中, 语调是根据情境或说话者的不同而发生变化的。英语语调在口语表达中具有显著的表态作用, 有重要的修辞价值。如:

1.`Homes have been`lost;`jobs`shed;`businesses`shuttered.Our health`care is too`costly;our`schools`fail too many...

2.On this`day, we gather because we have chosen`hope over`fear, unity of`purpose over`conflict and`discord.On this`day, we come to proclaim an`end to the petty`grievances and`false promises, the`recriminations and worn out`dogmas, that for far too long have`strangled our`politics.

这两段话中说话者奥巴马都运用了排比句, 并且句子的调心都用了降调, 表示其对于解决经济危机问题态度的坚决和肯定, 对于安抚和鼓励美国人民受挫的信心起到了重要作用。

尽管我们可以简单地说语调和态度相关联, 却不得不承认它们之间也没有直接的对应关系。人们在表达态度或情感时还结合了其它复杂的成分, 如:声音条件、词汇选择、非语言行为、语境等。

四、英语语调的强调功能

语言中英语的强调手段多种多样。英语语调的强调功能是指说话者为了表达自己的思想感情, 在讲话时, 利用停顿、增加音素的长度、加强重音等语音手段, 对句子的某个或某些词加以强调 (朱成鹏、白志敏, 1994) 。当说话者想要在话语中强调某个信息的时候, 最有效的方法就是变该词为调核重音, 由音调的变化表示话语中的主次要信息。如:

1. But know this, America-theyˇwill be`met.

2.... the God-given promise that`all are equal, `all are free, and`all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.

3. All this we`can do.And all this we`will do.

节选的这三句话, 说话者奥巴马都利用了语调的变化强调了某一部分内容 (强调部分加粗表示) 。例句一奥巴马在美国公民面前肯定地表示了面对危机, 所有的困难政府都将会解决的决心。同时“will”一词运用了降升调, 表示了对于问题解决时间的不确定性, 但是这只是一个时间问题。例句2中, 奥巴马想要强调的是世界所有人民平等、自由、追求幸福的权利, 体现了美国平等自由的思想。最后的例子则是坚定地鼓励了所有民众应该各尽其职、各尽其能为国家的发展作出贡献。

五、结语

英语语调是语言学研究一个较复杂的分支, 正如韩礼德所说, 语篇分析中取得的最令人兴奋的发展是在语调方面的研究。本文属首次分析了英语语调在口语语篇实例中的表意功能, 还需要更多学者作进一步的研究与扩展。

参考文献

[1]Brown, G., Yule, G.Discourse Analysis.Cambridge:Cam-bridge University Press, 1983.

[2]Halliday, M.A.K.Introduction and Grammar in British English.The Hague:Mouton, 1967.

[3]Halliday, M.A.K.An Introduction to Functional Grammar.London:Arnold, 1985.

[4]McCatthy, M.Discourse Analysis for Language Teachers.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2002.

[5]Roach, P.English Phonetics and Phonology:A Practical Course.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000.

[6]曲明文.英语语调在口头语篇中的意义[J].外语教学, 2006, (3) .

篇4：演说中英对照

这篇用词铿锵、掷地有声的演说辞,是3个人的心血结晶。其中,有记者出身的戈尔本人,有戈尔的策略顾问罗伯特·索伦,但人们都把目光放在戈尔的首席演说撰稿人艾里·阿提(Elli Attie身上。阿提是哈佛大学毕业生,长期以来是克林顿、民主党众议院领袖格普哈特等重量级政治人物的一级“写手”。及后选战起风云,戈尔将他拉到麾下,声势立时不同凡响。本刊在此独家刊登戈尔这篇将千古不朽的“认输讲话”(原载于港报),读者可从这中英文对照的精彩文章中细细领略英文写作的典范笔法,包括其整个运筹帷幄的立意、精妙的造词用句等。

向失败者致敬!

戈尔认输演说中译文

晚上好。

我刚跟乔治·W·布什谈过话,祝贺他成为合众国第43位总统;我向他保证,这回绝不会再打电话给他追回原话了。

我提议尽快和他会面,尽快消除过去的竞选运动和官司所带来的分歧。

差不多一个半世纪前,参议员道格拉斯对总统选举击败自己的林肯说:“党派的门户之见必须让路给爱国主义。我支持你,总统先生,愿主保佑你。”

那么,在这样的精神下,我对候任总统布什说,我们一定要将党派之争结下的仇恨抛诸脑后,愿主保佑他好好管治这个国家。

“这条路是那么崎岖漫长”

他和我谁都料想不到这条路是那么崎岖漫长。当然,我们谁也不希望这些事会发生。不过,事情到底来了,现在结束了,而且果然通过我们民主政体的机制解决了。

我国一所法律学院的图书馆上镌刻着这样的一句格言:“听命于法与主,而非听命于人”。这是美国自由的核心原则,也是民主自由之滥觞。在投票日之后的五个星期里,我以此为鉴,这也是美国独立以来所有复杂事件的引鉴。

现在,美国最高法院终于做出了决定。让我说得清楚一点,在我极为不同意的同时,我接受了最高法院的决定。我接受了最终的结果,下星期一,这个结果会在选举人团会议上得到确认。今天晚上,为了国人的团结和美国民主,我认输了。

我也负起责任,无条件支持新的候任总统,尽我所能帮助他团结美国人民,实现我国《独立宣言》中所标举的广袤视野,实现宪法中允诺和保障的一切。

让我向那些支持我和支持我们所捍卫的理念的人衷心致谢。蒂佩尔和我对利伯曼夫妇铭感五中,他们为我俩的伙伴关系带来恳切的热诚和崇高的心志,不仅为竞选活动开辟了新径,也为我国开辟了新径。

这次大选的确是非比寻常的一次大选。不过,在天意难料的崎岖路途上,几经蹉跎,竟然把我们带到一个崭新的境地。正是由于选举结果如此接近,反而提醒了我们原来大家同是一个族群,有着一样的历史、一样的命运。

“我们把国家放在政党之上”

是的,那段历史给了我们许多成败浮沉的前车之鉴,在面对公众意愿的两难之下展开激烈的辩论、无情的抗争。

有些争论在缠讼几个星期后才得以解决。每一次,胜方和被征服的一方都心平气和地接受结局,带着重归于好精神接受结果。

因此,就让这种精神永远和我们一起吧。

我知道很多支持我的人都很失望。我也失望。但失望必须让给我们对国家的热爱。我也对世界各国说,不要把这次争论看成是美国趋弱的症状。通过克服这一连串困难,毕竟彰显了美国民主的力量。

也有人担心,这次选举凸显的反常状况,势必影响新一任总统的施政举措。我不相信那是势所必然。

候任总统布什要管治的美国,是一个国民都愿意在他肩负的重任上帮一把的国家。我个人随时候命,也呼吁所有美国人,尤其是那些曾经站在我这一边的人,团结在新总统的领导下。这就是美国。愈是危急关头,我们的斗志愈高昂;输赢一定,我们捐弃嫌隙,携手合作。

要辩论我们之间的歧异,那是来日方长了。现在要认清的是团结我们的力量比拆散我们的力量更大。

我们对本党的信念虽然不离不弃,眼前到底还有比党务更高远的责任要负起。这就是美国,我们把国家放在政党之上。我们会团结支持新总统。

我接着会做什么,我还不知道。像你们一样,我希望和家人及老朋友度假。我也会在家乡田纳西州修补一下篱笆——真实和象征的篱笆。

失利跟胜利一样

有人问我曾否遗憾,是的,我有一桩憾事:我没有机会在未来4年为国人打拼,尤其是亟欲抛开负担、排除困难的一群;尤其是感到没有人听到他们的声音的一群。我听到了你们的呼声,我永不会忘记。

我看到了大选中的美国,我很喜欢看到的那一切。那是值得一拼的,我不会罢休。

至于今晚偃旗息鼓的一役,我坚信父亲说过的一句话:不论败得多惨,失利跟胜利一样,涤荡心灵,光耀千秋。

因此,对我而言,大选的结束和开始时一样:照样拥有妻子家人的爱;拥有对主的信念;拥有对这个我为它出征越南一直到做副总统的国家;拥有努力奔走的竞选义工和工作人员,包括36天来在佛罗里达州奋力工作的人们。

如今,政治上的斗争已成过去,我们转过头去为了美国人民的幸福而奋斗不懈,为全世界追求自由而对我们有所企望的人们而奋斗不懈。

在我们的赞歌《亚美利加,亚美利加》里说的:“让我们以兄弟之爱为称的善行加冕,从大海到闪亮的波涛。”

好了,朋友们,用我以前讲过的话,“这是我该走的时候了。”谢谢你们,晚安,主佑美国。

戈尔认输演说全文

good evening.

just moments agoi spoke with george .w.bush and congratulated him on becoming the 43rd president of the united statesand i promised him that i wouldn＇t call him back this time.

i offered to meet with him as soon as possible so that we can start to heal the divisons of the campaign and the contest through which we just passed.

almost a century and a half ago senator stephen douglas told abraham lincolnwho had just defeated him for the presidency“partisan feeling must yield to patriotismi’m with you mr.president  and god bless you.”

well in that same spirit i say to president-elect bush that what remains of partisan rancor must now be put aside  and may god bless his stewardship of this country.

neither he nor i anticipated this long and difficult road. Certainly neither of us wanted it to happen. Yet it cameand now it has ended resolved as it must be resolvedthrough the honored institutions of our democracy.

over the library of one of our great law schools is inscribed the motto “not under man but under god and law.”that’s the ruling principle of american freedomthe source of our democratic liberties. I’ve tried to make it my guide throughout this contest as it has guided america’s deliberations of all the complex issues of the past five weeks.

now the u.s supreme court has spoken. Let there be no doubt while i strongly disagree with the court＇s decision i accept it. I accept the finality of this outcome which will be ratified next monday in the electoral college and tonight for the sake of our unity as a people and the strength of our democracy  i offer my concession.

i also accept my responsibilitywhich i will discharge unconditionally  to honor the new president-elect and do everything possible to help him bring americans together in fulfillment of the great vision that our declaration of independence defines and that our constitution affirms and defends.

let me say how grateful i am to all those who supported me and supported the cause for which we have fought.tipper and i feel a deep gratitude to joe and hadassah lieberman who brought passion and high purpose to our partnership and opened new doorsnot just for our campaign but for our country.

this has been an extraordinary election. But in one of god’s unforeseen paths this belatedly broken impasse can point us all to a new common ground  for its very closeness can serve to remind us that we are one people with a shared history and a shared destiny.

indeed  that history gives us many examples of contests as hotly debatedas fiercely fought with their own challenges to the popular will.

other disputes have dragged on for weeks before reaching resolution.and each time both the victor and the vanquished have accepted the result peacefully and in the spirit of reconciliation.

so let it be with us.

i know that many of my supporters are disappointed.i am too . But our disappointment must be overcome by our love of country.

and i say to our fellow members of the world community let no one see this contest as a sign of american weaknessthe strength of american democracy is shown most clearly through the difficulties it can overcome.

some have expressed concern that the unusual nature of this election might hamper the next president in the conduct of his office. I do not believe it need be so.

president-elect bush inherits a nation whose citizens will be ready to assist him in the conduct of his large responsibilities.

i personally will be at his disposaland i call on all americans -i particularly urge all who stood with us to unite being our next president. This is america. Just as we fight hard when the stakes are highwe close ranks and come together when the contest is done.

and while there will be time enough to debate our continuing differencesnow is the time to recognize that that which unites us is greater than that which divides us.

while we yet hold and do not yield our opposing beliefsthere is a higher duty than the one we owe to political party.this is america and we put country before party.we will stand together behind our new president.

as for what i’ll do nexti don’t know the answer to that one yet . Like many of you i’m looking forward to spending the holidays with family and old friends.i know i’ll spend time in tennessee and mend some fencesliterally and figuratively.

some have asked whether i have any regrets and i do have one regret that i didn’t get the chance to stay and fight for the american people over the next four years especially for those who need burdens lifted and barriers removedespecially for those who feel their voices have not been heard i heard you and i will not forget.

i’ve seen america in this campaign and i like what i see. It’s worth fighting for and that’s a fight i’ll never stop.

as for the battle that ends tonight  i do believe as my father once said  that on matter how hard the lossdefeat might serve as well as victory to shape the soul and let the glory out.

so for me this campaign ends as it beganwith the love of tipper and our family with faith in god and in the country i have been so proud to servefrom vietnam to the vice presidencyand with gratitude to our truly tireless campaign staff and volunteersincluding all those who worked so hard in florida for the last 36 days.

now the political struggle is over and we turn again to the unending struggle for the common good of all americans and for those multitudes around the world who look to us for leadership in the cause of freedom.

in the words of our great hymn“america  america”“let us crown thy good with brotherhoodfrom sea to shining sea.”

and now my friends in a phrase i once addressed to othersit’s time for me to go.

篇5：奥巴马胜选演说中英文对照全文

And to all those watching tonight from beyond our shores, from parliaments and palaces to those who are huddled around radios in the forgotten corners of our world – our stories are singular, but our destiny is shared, and a new dawn of American leadership is at hand.我要告诉那些在美国大陆以外关注今晚选举的人们，也许你们在一个被世界遗忘的角落通过收音机了解今晚的选举，尽管我们的国情不一样，但是我们的命运是紧紧联系在一起的。一个全新的美国领导层即将呼之欲出。

To those who would tear this world down – we will defeat you.To those who seek peace and security – we support you.And to all those who have wondered if America’s beacon still burns as bright – tonight we proved once more that the true strength of our nation comes not from our the might of our arms or the scale of our wealth, but from the enduring power of our ideals: democracy, liberty, opportunity, and unyielding hope.我要告诉那些试图破坏这个世界的人们，我们将打败你们！我要告诉那些追求和平和安全的人们，我们将全力支持你们！我要告诉那些对美国的未来持怀疑态度的人们，今晚，我们再次证明了一个事实，那就是这个国家拥有强大的力量，这并不是因为我们拥有众多的武器和财富。民主、自由、机遇、坚定不屈的希望才使这个国家保持强大的持久力量！

For that is the true genius of America – that America can change.Our union can be perfected.And what we have already achieved gives us hope for what we can and must achieve tomorrow.美国强大的真谛在于它能够做出改变，我们的国家可以变得更加完美。我们过去所达到的成就让我们看到了前进的希望。

This election had many firsts and many stories that will be told for generations.But one that’s on my mind tonight is about a woman who cast her ballot in Atlanta.She’s a lot like the millions of others who stood in line to make their voice heard in this election except for one thing – Ann Nixon Cooper is 106 years old.本届选举创造了多项历史之最，有许多故事将代代相传。但此时此刻，我脑海中想起的是一名来自亚特兰大的选民，这位名叫安妮·尼克松·库珀的女性和千千万万的选民一样，静静地站在投票队伍之中，投出自己的选票，表达自己的声音。不过，与众不同的是，她已经106岁高龄了。在她出生的年代，公路上没有汽车，天空中没有飞机。像她一样的人仅仅因为肤色和性别就被挡在参与投票的大门之外。She was born just a generation past slavery;a time when there were no cars on the road or planes in the sky;when someone like her couldn’t vote for two reasons – because she was a woman and because of the colour of her skin.And tonight, I think about all that she’s seen throughout her century in America – the heartache and the hope;the struggle and the progress;the times we were told that we can’t, and the people who pressed on with that American creed: Yes we can.At a time when women’s voices were silenced and their hopes dismissed, she lived to see them stand up and speak out and reach for the ballot.Yes we can.今晚，我由此联想到了她一个世纪以来，在美国见证的一切：困苦与希望，奋斗与进步，那是一个让人无能为力的年代，但人们必须不断告诉自己美国的伟大信条：“是的，我们可以！”曾经，女性无法表达自己的意见，她们的希望成为幻影。如今，她终于见证了这一幕，和她一样有着悲惨遭遇的人们成功地投出了自己的选票。是的，我们可以！

When there was despair in the dust bowl and depression across the land, she saw a nation conquer fear itself with a New Deal, new jobs and a new sense of common purpose.Yes we can.当整个美国大陆都笼罩在经济大萧条的绝望之中时，她见证了一个国家战胜自身恐惧，重新崛起，罗斯福总统推行的“新政”不仅给美国带来了新的就业机会，更给美国人民带来了共同的价值观。是的，我们可以！

When the bombs fell on our harbour and tyranny threatened the world, she was there to witness a generation rise to greatness and a democracy was saved.Yes we can.当敌人的炮弹投向我们的港口，当世界被暴政所威胁，她见证了一个崛起的民族，民主重获新生。是的，我们可以！

She was there for the buses in Montgomery, the hoses in Birmingham, a bridge in Selma, and a preacher from Atlanta who told a people that “We Shall Overcome.” Yes we can.她目睹了发生在蒙哥马利巴士上、伯明翰的高压水龙头下、塞尔玛大桥上的种族歧视暴行„„而后，来自亚特兰大的民权先驱告诉人们，“我们可以战胜这一切”。是的，我们可以！

A man touched down on the moon, a wall came down in Berlin, a world was connected by our own science and imagination.And this year, in this election, she touched her finger to a screen, and cast her vote, because after 106 years in America, through the best of times and the darkest of hours, she knows how America can change.Yes we can.而后，人类登月，柏林墙倒塌，世界重新集结在科学和想象力的号角下。现在，在这场选举中，她终于用自己的指尖触碰到投票屏幕，郑重地投下选票。饱经106年的沧桑变化，穿越岁月的风云变迁，她知道美国能做出怎样的改变。是的，我们可以！

America, we have come so far.We have seen so much.But there is so much more to do.So tonight, let us ask ourselves – if our children should live to see the next century;if my

daughters should be so lucky to live as long as Ann Nixon Cooper, what change will they see? What progress will we have made?

美国，我们风雨兼程，一路走来。我们经历了太多，但前方仍有许多梦想等待着我们去实现。今晚，让我们大声地问自己，我们的孩子是否还能看到下一个世纪；我可爱的女儿是否能和安妮·尼克松·库珀一样幸运，享受漫长的人生。他们将看到怎样的变革？我们将取得怎样的进步？

This is our chance to answer that call.This is our moment.This is our time – to put our people back to work and open doors of opportunity for our kids;to restore prosperity and promote the cause of peace;to reclaim the American Dream and reaffirm that fundamental truth – that out of many, we are one;that while we breathe, we hope, and where we are met with cynicism, and doubt, and those who tell us that we can’t, we will respond with that timeless creed that sums up the spirit of a people:Yes We Can.这是我们给出答案的机会。这是属于我们的时刻。这是我们的时代：让人们有事可做；为我们的孩子打开机遇之门；推动世界和平与繁荣；再次锻造美国梦，重申这一不可动摇的事实——虽然我们每个人不尽相同，但我们是一个整体，只要我们呼吸尚存，希望就永不磨灭。我们将用那历经时间考验的不朽信条掷地有声地直面质疑：“是的，我们可以！”

篇6：林肯葛底斯堡演说中英文对照翻译

林肯葛底斯堡演说中英文对照翻译 林肯的讲话是极简短、极朴素的。这往往使那些滔滔不绝的讲演家大瞧不起。

葛底斯堡战役后，决定为死难烈士举行盛大葬礼。掩葬委员会发给总统一张普通的请帖，他们以为他是不会来的，但林肯答应了。既然总统来，那一定要讲演的，但他们已经请了著名演说家艾佛瑞特来做这件事，因此，他们又给林肯写了信，说在艾佛瑞特演说完毕之后，他们希望他“随便讲几句适当的话”。这是一个侮辱，但林肯平静地接受了。两星期内，他在穿衣、刮脸、吃点心时也想着怎样演说。演说稿改了两三次，他仍不满意。到了葬礼的前一天晚上，还在做最后的修改，然后半夜找到他的同僚高声朗诵。走进会场时，他骑在马上仍把头低到胸前默想着演说辞。

那位艾佛瑞特讲演了两个多小时，将近结束时，林肯不安地掏出旧式眼镜，又一次看他的讲稿。他的演说开始了，一位记者支上三角架准备拍摄照片，等一切就绪的时候，林肯已走下讲台。这段时间只有两分钟，而掌声却持续了10分钟。后人给以极高评价的那份演说辞，在今天译成中文，也不过400字。

Commented by 鱼化石：林肯的这篇演说是演说史上著名的篇章，其思想的深刻，行文的严谨，语言的冼练，确实是不愧彪炳青史的大手笔。尤其是其中的第二段，建议加以仔细分析，其语义的承转，结构的安排，甚至包括其句式的使用，无一不是极尽推敲之作。GETTYSBURG ADDRESS

Abraham Lincoln

Delivered on the 19th Day of November, 1863

Cemetery Hill, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continenta new Nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition thatall men are created equal.Now, we are engaged in a great Civil War,testing whether that Nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated,can long endure.We are met on a great battlefield of that war.We havecome to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for thosewho gave their lives that Nation might live.It is altogether fitting andproper that we should do this.But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannothallow this ground.The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here,have consecrated 声明：本资料由听力课堂网站收集整理，仅供英语爱好者学习使用，资料版权属于原作者。-1-

听力课堂,开放式外语学习的平台！TingClass.com

it far above our power to add or detract.The world willlittle note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget whatthey did here.It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated to thegreat task remaining before us;that from these honored dead, we takeincreased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measureof devotion;that this Nation, under GOD, shall have a new birth of freedom;and that government of the People by the People and for the People shall notperish from the earth.葛底斯堡演说

亚伯拉罕·林肯，1963年11月19日

87年前，我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等的原则。现在我们正从事一场伟大的内战，以考验这个国家，或者任何一个孕育于自由和奉行上述原则的国家是否能够长久存在下去。我们在这场战争中的一个伟大战场上集会。烈士们为使这个国家能够生存下去而献出了自己的生命，我们来到这里，是要把这个战场的一部分奉献给他们作为最后安息之所。我们这样做是完全应该而且是非常恰当的。但是，从更广泛的意义上来说，这块土地我们不能够奉献，不能够圣化，不能够神化。那些曾在这里战斗过的勇士们，活着的和去世的，已经把这块土地圣化了，这远不是我们微薄的力量所能增减的。我们今天在这里所说的话，全世界不大会注意，也不会长久地记住，但勇士们在这里所做过的事，全世界却永远不会忘记。毋宁说，倒是我们这些还活着的人，应该在这里把自己奉献于勇士们已经如此崇高地向前推进但尚未完成的事业。倒是我们应该在这里把自己奉献于仍然留在我们面前的伟大任务——我们要从这些光荣的死者身上汲取更多的献身精神，来完成他们已经完全彻底为之献身的事业；我们要在这里下定最大的决心，不让这些死者白白牺牲；我们要使国家在上帝福佑下得到自由的新生，要使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。