专八翻译模拟题汉译英

2024-05-30

专八翻译模拟题汉译英(共6篇)

篇1:专八翻译模拟题汉译英

06英语专八考试汉译英参考译文

国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切,在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位,而非绝对统治万物的.主宰。因此我们的苦闷,基本上比西方人为少为小;因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多;因此欲望也小得多。况中国古代素来以不滞于物,不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。并非我们没有守财奴,但比起莫利哀与巴尔扎克笔下的守财奴与野心家来,就小巫见大巫了。中华民族多数是性情中正和平、淡泊、朴实、比西方人容易满足。

Chinese people has never thought of human being as the highest creature among everything since ancient times, whose reflection takes a quite approporate proportion with all others in our natural world in both aspects of philosophy and arts, but not as an absolute dominant ruler. Therefore, our bitterness and depression are basically less than those of westerners, because the intensity of which is growing with the expansion of one’s desire and ambition. People in the agriculture society enjoyed far less than people in the industry society, thus their wants are far less either. Besides, ancient Chinese always regard “not confined by material, not driven by material” as the major philosophy. It not means we do not have misers, but in comparison with Mauriat and Balzac’s miser and aspirant, that is dwarfed. Chinese people almost characterized by moderation, peacefulness, insecular, plainess, and easier to get satisfied than westerners.

篇2:专八翻译模拟题汉译英

正是因为不停地追求进取,我们才感到生活幸福。一件事完成后,另一件随之而来,如此连绵不绝,永无止境。对于往前看的人来说,眼前总有一番新天地。虽然我们蜗居于这颗小行星上,整日忙于琐事且生命短暂,但我们生来就有不尽的希望,如天上繁星,遥不可及。只要生命犹在,希望便会不止。真正的幸福在于怎样开始,而不是如何结束,在于我们的希翼,而并非拥有。

参考译文:

篇3:浅析汉译英的翻译技巧

第一, 汉语句子常按时间顺序或前因后果的逻辑顺序排列。而英语主要按主次从属关系排列, 然后在主干上添加修饰语及限定语。所以做汉译英练习时要正确判断句子间的关系。

例1.不听老人言, 吃亏在眼前。

If you wish good advice, consult an old man.

用连词if把原文中是隐含的假设关系给表达出来。

例2.留得青山在, 不怕没柴烧。

As long as the green hills remain there, we needn’t worry about firewood.

用as long as把原文改成了一个带有条件的复合句。

第二, 汉语同英语在句子的基本框架上趋于一致, 句子主干都包含主语、谓语 (和宾语) 。因此, 汉译英时, 原文的句子主干在译文中能够保持不变。但在有些情况下, 要做到这一点很难。

具体地说, 汉语是注重主题的语言。所突出的是主题而非主语, 其主语的句法功能很弱, 有时不易识别, 或干脆省略。而在英语中, 主语的地位十分突出, 是整个句子最为关键的成分。除了省略句和祈使句等例外, 英语句子一般均须有主语。

例3.该厂产品的特点是工艺精湛, 经久耐用。

The products of this factory are characterized by their fine workmanship and durability.

将修饰原文主题或主语的定语“该厂产品”译成主语。

例4.在那些日子里, 只要一提到她已故丈夫的名字, 她就伤心欲哭。

In those days, even the mention of her late husband’s name would brought her to the verge of tears.

把动词“提到”转换成名词mention, 用做主语。

第三, 汉语特殊句式的英译。汉语中有很多只有谓语部分没有主语部分, 却能表达相对完整的意义的句子。因此英译过程中要增补主语或改变其句式, 以确保符合英语的表达习惯。

例5.学习先进, 才有可能赶超先进。

A person must learn from the advanced before he can catch up with or surpass them.

例6.楼梯上坐着一位黑头发的小女孩。

On the stairs was sitting a small dark-haired girl.

第四, 对于长句或段落翻译, 一定要有语篇意识。即把整个语篇视为一个整体, 注重其内在连贯性。如果缺乏整体观, 翻译中就只会盯住一个个孤立的句子, 译出来的句子语法正确, 但上下文无法串联或主次不分。

例7.生命没有寄托的人, 青年时代和儿时对他格外宝贵。这种罗曼蒂克的回忆其实并不是发现了儿时的真正了不得而是感觉到中年以后的衰退。

One who lives a life without high aspiration will treasure all the more the memory of his own youth and childhood.As it is, the sentimental recollection marks his awareness of post-middle age decline rather than his discovery of anything truly remarkable in the bygone days.

例8.美丽迷人的西湖, 位于市区的西面, 总面积5.6平方公里。纵贯南北的苏堤和横列东西的白堤, 把全湖分成外湖, 里湖, 岳湖, 西里湖和小南湖五个部分。湖面波光闪闪, 湖边茂林修竹, 景色四季宜人。

Lying in the west part of the city, the charming West Lake covers a total area of 5.6 square kms.Su Causeway and Bai Causeway, the former passing through from north to south and the latter from west to east, divide the lake into five sections:Outer Lake, Inner Lake, Yue Lake, West Inner Lake and Lesser South Lake.With glistening water and luxuriant trees and bamboo groves along its bank, the West Lake appears picturesque all the year round.

当我们掌握翻译的要领后, 就不会觉得那么害怕。因为无论是多么复杂的句子都是一些基本成分组成。翻译时, 先确立主干即主语和谓语, 然后添加相应的修饰成分。对于段落, 我们先要反复阅读, 找出多个句子的中心内容及其各层意思, 然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系, 再按照英语的特点和表达方式进行翻译。

摘要:英语翻译成汉语一直是学生们认为很难的一个练习, 更别提得高分了。其实汉译英练习没有同学们想象得那么难, 也是有规律可循的。主要是要注意汉英两种语言在句子排列上是有一定区别的, 汉语注重逻辑顺序而英语注重从属关系;汉语句子可以弱化主语, 但英语中主语的地位十分突出;对于长句和段落翻译, 一定要有语篇意识, 不能只盯住一个个孤立的句子。针对大学英语四、六级考试题型的改革, 本文对汉译英的翻译技巧作了一些探讨, 旨在帮助学生提高应试水平。

篇4:汉译英翻译单位问题探讨

关键词:汉译英;翻译单位;意群

中图分类号:G642.0 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1674-9324(2012)09-0050-02

对于翻译单位的讨论由来已久,但是争议也很大。翻译单位的问题,针对翻译过程来讲,翻译单位就是讲在什么层次寻求翻译对等的问题;针对翻译作品来讲,翻译单位却是判断翻译对等的工具。国内比较集中介绍和引进此方面研究成果的是罗进德,而前苏联巴尔胡达罗夫在《语言与翻译》一书中,对翻译单位做出了权威的定义“翻译单位是在译文中能够找到对应物的原文单位,但它的组成部分单独地在译文中并没有对应物。”基于这一理论,翻译单位既可能是音位层、词素层、词层,也可能是词组层、句子层、话语层。由此可见,对于翻译单位争论是众说纷纭。有人曾撰文对近二十年,中国译学界对翻译单位命题研究进行回顾后,认为翻译单位命题从研究的视角上分为三类:形式切分法、语义确定法、语篇功能分析法;研究方法主要分为主观规定性和客观描写性。而今,对翻译单位问题的探讨仍未间断过,研究视野越来越开阔,话题越来越深入。

一、翻译单位与意群的关系探讨

首先,翻译单位的划分是在翻译实践活动过程中,在语言转换方面,要求在具体层级达到翻译标准。通常,汉语和英语的语言层级都有五个层级,即词、短语、句子、段落和篇章。不过这两种不同的语系,在语言文化、句法结构、思维模式等方面都存在很大差异。如果我们以篇章或段落作为翻译单位,会由于太大而不好操作。而如果我们以短语作为翻译单位,则译文又常常会偏重“形合”而轻视“意合”。虽然,句子是这些语言层级中比较理想的翻译单位,不过一旦遇到比较长或者较为难理解的句子,翻译起来也很棘手。其次,意群既可以是词、词组,也可以是短语、句子,比较灵活。意群作用已经开始显现,目前来看,在英语听力、写作、阅读等诸多方面,意群己经被广泛运用。只是在翻译领域,意群的作用还发挥得不明显。第三,以意群作为翻译单位是具有可操作性和有价值的。我们对翻译的要求一般是忠实和通顺,而所谓的忠实也就是要求将事物之间的逻辑关系梳理清楚,把原文的真正含义准确的表达出来。意群可以是一个词或者是句子,同时又是以意义作为翻译的单位,这是真正代表了词与词之间的内在逻辑关系,从而实现真正意义上的忠实。

二、以意群为翻译单位的实例

有研究者从功能的角度或者从话语层次的角度探讨了翻译单位,将翻译单位划分为两大类:翻译的分析单位和翻译的转换单位,把话语作为翻译的分析单位,把小句作为翻译的转换单位。实际上,转换单位和分析单位都是翻译实践中的实际应用问题。其实,将分析单位与转换单位割裂开来操作有些不切实际。如果将意群作为基本的翻译单位,实际上是找到了分析单位与转换单位的最佳结合点。不过在翻译实践中,由于英语是主语突出的语言,除省略句外,每个句子都必须有主语;汉语则是主题突出的语言,突出的是主题而并非主语。以“意群”作为翻译单位虽然比较合理,但还存在着一些缺陷,比如不像自然段落那样直观明了,因此只有认真阅读原文,将原文的意思了解透彻,才能准确传达原文的内容和风格。同时,要注意根据句子的本来意义进行恰当的分割和重组。本文以朱纯深译《荷塘月色》为例,通过尝试以意群作为汉译英翻译单位,来论证其可操纵性与有效性。

1.以意群为翻译单位,重新分段。重新分段,就是讲通过分译,把那些因为英语与汉语在句型结构、思维方式等方面差异造成的表达问题,用划分意群的方式,把汉语意群按照一定的内在逻辑关系,打乱后重新进行调整和组合,以便于清晰表达的方式。例如:中文:于是又记起《西州曲》里的句子:采莲南塘秋,莲花过人头;低头弄莲子,莲子清如水。今晚若有采莲人,这儿的莲花也算得“过人头”了;只不见一些流水的影子,是不行的。这令我到底惦着江南了。——这样想着,猛一抬头,不觉已是自己的门前;轻轻的推门进去,什么声息也没有,妻已睡熟好久了。英文:Then I recall those lines in Ballad of Xi-zhou Island:Gathering the lotus,I am in the South Pond,the lilies in autumn reach over my head;lowering my head I toy with lotus seeds. Look,they are as fresh as the water underneath. If there were somebody gathering lotuses tonight,she could tell that the lilies here are high enough to reach over her head;but,one would certainly miss the sight of the water. So my memories drift back to the south after all.Deep in my thoughts,I looked up,just to find myself at the door of my own house. Gently I pushed the door open and walked in. Not a sound inside,my wife had been asleep for quite a while.在汉语中对自然段的划分非常的灵活,有时可能是一句话甚至是一个词。而翻译成英语时,必须要考虑每一段同上下文的联系,故以意群作为基本的翻译单位就可以顾及上下文的连贯与衔接了。如上:原文第一个自然段,只包括了一个句子;第二个自然段则包含了两个主题:从暗自思忖到重回现实,其中第一个主题与前一个自然段的联系非常紧密,但在原文中被划归不同的自然段。在汉语中,这样的划分并不让人觉得费解,尤其在散文中,“形散神聚”是其一大特点,往往有些特意的安排会营造一种出乎意料的文学艺术效果。译文则按照英语的思维习惯,按意群分析,将原文的两个自然段重新组合,先谈与“莲”相关的话题,然后话锋一转、独立成段,陈述现实事件。这样的译作更符合英语的审美标准。

2.以意群为翻译单位,重组句子。重组句子,就是讲通过合译,把汉语的几个语言单位的意义加以整合,重新用一个全新的单位加以表达。一般用在以句子为单位的、较大的意群之间,翻译时为了完整表达意义,经常把两个或者多个独立的句子,按照一定的逻辑联系合并成一个句子翻译的方式。例如:中文:曲曲折折的荷塘上面,弥望的是田田的叶子。叶子出水很高,像婷婷的舞女的裙。层层的叶子中间,零星地点缀着些白花,有袅娜地开着的,有羞涩地打着朵儿的;正如一粒粒的明珠,又如碧天里的星星,又如刚出浴的美人。英文:All over this winding stretch of water,what meets the eye is a silked field of leaves,reaching rather high above the surface,like the skirts of dancing girls in all their grace. Here and there,layers of leaves are dotted with white lotus blossoms,some in demure bloom,others in shy bud,like scattering pearls,or twinkling stars,or beauties just out of the bath.原文包含了三个句子,但只含有两层意思:叶子与花。译文没有句句对译,而是根据原文的两层意思,将原文前两个句子整合成了一句,因为这两句的主题都是围绕“叶子”而展开的。原文中,虽然视点不断转移,从荷塘到叶子再到花,但是方位词“上面”、“中间”使原文显得空间感极强,句与句之间连结紧凑,读起来一气呵成。译文若要产生与原文对等的效果,逐字逐句对译显然是不可行的,因而译文抓住了“leaves”这一文眼,围绕它分析出两个意群,并按照英语的表达习惯,重新构建语段结构。

篇5:汉译英单句翻译

Another name for the cicada is Zhiliao, or know all, for that’s how sounds to the Chinese.2.纪晓岚是乾隆的宠臣,曾三次任礼部尚书

Jixiaolan enjoyed great favor in Emperor Qianlong’s court and was times the Ministry of Rites.3.中国人又在正月十五晚上吃元宵,赏花灯的习俗。

The Chinese have the custom of eating yuanxiao sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour and watching festive lanterns on the fifteenth evening of the first lunar month.4.他的不合作态度是这个项目进展十分缓慢。

The project is making slow progress because of his uncooperativeness.5.你们谁想参加春游就在星期五之前报名并交费。

Whoever wants to join the spring out ing should sign up and pay the expenses before Friday.6.我觉得这个店里的衣服即使打折也还是太贵。

I think the clothes in the shop are still too expensive even if we could get a 40 percent discount.7.就目前情况看,工程造价将会超出预算百分之三十。

8.万一你想取消这次旅行,请至少提前一个月书面通知我们

If you should want to cancel the trip, please notify us in writing at least one month in advance.9.想让他答应如此要求恐怕不大可能

I’mafraid it is unlikely for him to agree to such a request

10.在董事会年会上,他请大家注意一个被普遍忽视的问题

At the annual meeting of the board of directors, he called everyone’s attention to a commonly ignored problem.11.听到这个消息,她心里一沉,但还是勉强挤出一点微笑。

Her heart sank when she heard the news, but she still managed to force a smile.12.收到请帖后她觉得左右为难,不知该不该接受

13.如果不适当地处理,锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染

Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities.14.如果说,词汇是语言的“建筑材料”,那么,句子便是文章的“基本部件”。

If vocabulary is the “building materials” for language, sentences are “fundamental parts” of writings.15.鲁迅的骨头是最硬的,他没有丝毫的奴颜和媚骨,这是殖民地半殖民地人民最可宝贵的性格。

Lu Xun was a man of unyielding integrity,free from all sycophancy or obsequiousness, this quality is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial people.16.胎又瘪了。

We’ve got another flat tire.17.人不可貌相,海水不可斗量。We can not judge a person by appearance 18.在历史上,由于长江不断改道,在武汉地区形成了众多的湖泊。

The constant change of the course of the Changjiang River in history helped form a great many lakes in the areas around Wuhan city in central China.19.健康不佳就无法有效工作。

Poor health may cause one’s inefficiency at work.20.北京地区由于近些年加强了植树造林,在一些地方飞来了稀有的鸟类。

Quite a few rare birds come to settle down in some places around Beijing thanks to the expansion of woods there these years.21.世纪交替,千年更迭,人类社会的发展正在揭开新的篇章。

The turn of the century has opened a new chapter in the development of human society.22.世纪之交,中国外交空前活跃。

At the turn of the century, China is most active in its diplomatic activities.23.你做这事不费吹灰之力。

It is very easy for you to do such a thing.24.决定把这问题到下次会上讨论。

It was decided to bring the matter up at the next meeting.25.这时我激动得说不出话来。

I am too excited to utter any words.26.成都新改建的府南河两岸将修建许多草坪和居民大楼。

Plenty of lawns and apartment houses will be built along both the banks of the newly-renovated Funan River.27.这件事至今还没有得出正确的结论。

So far no correct conclusion has been drawn on the matter.28.有明显的迹象表明,一些古老的传统和价值观不再为年轻人所珍藏。

Obvious signs show that some old traditions and values are not cherished by youth any more.29.收音机的成本降低了80%。

The cost of radio sets was reduced by 80%.30.可以预见,在一个不太长的时间内,中国比在科学技术方面赶上世界最先进的国家。It can be predicted that China will catch up with the most advanced nations in the world in science and technology in not too long a time.31.好像有点不大对头。

There seems something wrong about it.32.古今中外,这种情况概莫能外。

There is no exception to this in modern or ancient times,in China or elsewhere.33.古今中外,在商贸市场上历来都是大鱼吃小鱼。

There exists a law at all times and in all countries that the great fish eat up the small in the world of business.34.到了济南府,进得城来,家家泉水,户户垂杨,比那江南风景,觉得更具为有趣。When he reached Jinan and entered the city, there were flowing streams by every house and willow trees by every door, which delighted him even more than the scenery of the south.35.北京很好玩。

Beijing is a city to have fun.36.北京外来人口逐年增多。

The number of people from other places in Beijing increases yeat by year.37.从北京乘火车到郑州要花十多个小时。

It takes more than ten hours to ride by train from Beijing to Zhengzhou, the capital city of Henan province near Beijing.38.总统明天准备乘专机前往上海参观访问。The president prepares to go to Shanghai by his special plane for a visit tomorrow.39.晚上过来跟我们一块打保龄球如何?

Would you come to join us for playing bowling this evening? 40.中央政府不敢与香港特别行政区的事务。

The central government has never intervened in the affairs of the HKSAR.41.中国经济将融入世界经济的大潮。

The economy of China will converge with that of the world.42.新的经典不断出现,观光人数不断增加,地区经济也有了很大发展。

The emergence of one new scenic spot after another and the influx of more and more tourists have also boosted the economy.43.本文所讲的内容对通讯工程来说是很有趣的。

44.在零售和烹调行业方面,加班企业的买卖完全超过了国家办的。

45.和古庙正好个和相对的那座宝塔据说是明代的建筑。

46.我们大为惊奇的是,那幢经受强烈地震而幸存下来的唯一建筑物竟是砖木结构。

47.我们必须培养分析问题解决问题的能力

We should develop our ability to analyze and solve problems 48.要提倡顾全大局

We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation 49.这真是俗话说的,“旁观者清” It was the saying goes, “the observer is clear” 50.中国经济现在还处在落后状态 China’s economy is still backward 51.这些苹果你们四个人分

These apples shared by four people 52.她不把他当公公,而当作亲爹。

She considered him not a father-in-law but a father 53.我们党结束了那个时期的社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面

Our Party has put an end to the social unrest and unpheaval 54.在交作业之前必须读几遍,看看有没有要修改的地方

Before handing in your homework, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved 55.他声称男子气概和勇气只有在战场上才能得当考验

He claimed that manhood and courage could be test only on the battlefield

56.花园里面是人间的乐园,有的是吃不了的大米白面,穿不完的绫罗绸缎,花不完的金银财宝。

The garden was the paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed, and more money than could be spent.57.耳朵是用来听声音的器官,鼻子用来闻气味,舌头用来藏滋味

The ear is the organ that is used for hearing.The nose is used for smelling.The tongue is used for tasting 58.天已经相当晚了,我们决定在那桌庙里过夜

As it was getting quite dark, we decided to stop at that temple for the night 59.人口对住房的压力减少,房价就会下降,建筑业自然就会削弱

When the pressure of population on housing decreases, pricesalso godown and the building industry is weakened 60.他用手蒙住脸,好像是为了保护眼睛

She covered her face with her hand, as if to protect her eyes 61.俘虏往往沈明,又望望其他人,没有说下去

Looking at Shen Ming,then at the others,the prisoner of war fell silent 62.天气这样闷,十之八九要下雨

With the weather so dose and stuff, then to one it’ll rain presently 63.这对年轻夫妇并不相配,一个是西施,一个是张飞

This young couple is not well-matched, one is a Xishi,--a famous Chinese beauty, while the other is a Zhangfei—a well-known ill-tempered brute.64.在党的领导下,中国人民已经完成了解放事业

Under the leadership of the party the Chinese people have succeeded in their liberation 65.也许您忘记了7月份的购货帐还没有结算

Perhaps you have forgot the fact that your account for July purchases has not yet been settled 66.多年来哪个国家一直有严重的失业现象

For many year there has been serious unemphyment in that country 67.谁不盼望自己有个健康的身体,又有谁不盼望能有一个幸福美满的家庭,其实家庭和健康之间存在着密切而不可分割的关系

Who doesn’t hope for a healthy physique and a happy family? As a matter of fact,there exists an intimate and inseparable relation between the family and health.

68.到目前为止,在西藏高原和其他地方建立起50多个机构研究西藏文化——藏学。1986年在北京还成立了一个西藏学中心

So far, more than 50 institutions of Tibetology—the study of Tibetan culture—have been set up in the plateau as well as other places and a Tibetan studies center was founded in Beijing in 1986

69.鼎湖山整个地区为热带、亚热带森林所覆盖,气候独特

Dinghu Mountain is covered by tropical as well as subtropical forest and has unique climate.70.该计划将有一个特别委员会加以审查

This plane will be examined by a special committee 71.广州地铁二号线的列车是从德国空运过来的。

The metro trains of line I in Guangzhou was transported from German 72.有些问题还需要澄清

These questions have to be clarified 73.当下众人七言八语

By now proposals of all kinds were being made 74.据说核电站正在筹建中 It is said that nuclear power plants are undered preparation for construction 75.他们努力尽可能快的速度提高产量

They are working to increase production at the highest speed possible 76.这是能想得出的最好解决办法

This is the best solution imaginable 77.避暑山庄和北京的故宫、山东曲阜的孔庙一样,是中国保存最完好的古代建筑群,也是中国现存规模最大的古典皇家园林

The Summer Palace of Chengde is one of the three best-preserved magnificent ancient architectural complexes in China, the other two being the forbidden City in Beijing and the Confucian Temple in Qufu of Shandong Province.78.无云散掉之后,太阳又开始放射光芒。

The dark clouds having dispersed,the sun shone again 79.是他吃惊的是,她不仅没有表扬他,反而批评了他 To his surprise, she criticized him instead of praising him 80.我们得早点到达那里

We have to be there earlier 81.会议将于明天下午在国际会议厅举行

The meeting will be held in the International Conference Hall.82.我们上星期在他家饱餐了一顿

We ate to our heart’s content at her home last Sunday.83.我们明天早上七点钟动身

We shall start at seven tomorrow morning 84.他出生在绍兴附近的一个小村子里 He was born in a small village near ShaoXing 85.粗活

Heavy manual labor 86.臭豆腐 Stinking toufu 87.交通畅达

Nice traffic 88.我们畅谈了整整一夜

We talked the night over freely and to our heart’s content 89.他笨手笨脚的

He is too clumsy 90.你应丢掉不切实际的幻想

You should cast away any illusions 91.小说的情节错综复杂,引人入胜

The plot of the novel is intricate and fascinating 92.祖国的前途光辉灿烂

The future of our motherland shines with great splender 93.现在形势大好

Now the situation is excellent 94.大好时机 Golden opportunity 95.大干 Go all out 96.大白菜

Chinese Cabbage 97.他给多愁善感的玛丽写了封信 He wrote a letter to the sentimental Marie.98.大作收到,十分高兴。

I was very glad to have received your writing.99.我们响应了祖国的号召.We responded to the call of our motherland.100.我们的心永远向着祖国

Our hearts are always towards our motherland.101.雪下了一整夜,厚厚的积雪覆盖着地面

102.该定理的证明不困难

The proof of the law.103.现在人们越来越认识到这一方法是很有价值的 There is a growing awareness that this technique is of value.104.我们对问题要作全面的分析,才能解学得妥当

We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved.105.老师在等我,我得走了

My teacher is waiting for me, so I have to leave 106.她不来,我不走

If he doesn’t come, I shall not go 107.东方不亮西方亮,黑了南方有北方

When it is dark in the east, it is light in the west;when things are dark in the south there is still light in the north.108.送君千里,终有一别

Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last 109.我们应当逐步消灭城乡差别

We should try to eliminate the differences between town and country 110.那我们在山脚见吧

Let’s meet at the foot of the hill.111.你白天还是晚上飞广州?

Do you fly to Guangzhou in the daytime or at night? 112.班门弄斧

Show off one’s skills with the axe before an expert carpenter.113.三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮

Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.114.心病终需心药治,解铃还须系铃人

No remedy but love can make the lovesick well, only the hand that tied the knot can loose the tiger’s bell.115.结婚大办酒席,是在可以免去了

Giving lavish feasts at weddings can well be dispensed with.116.我们把没收土地改为减租减息

We have altered the policy of confiscating the land of the landlords to the one of reducing the rent and interest.117.我已经提前完成了交给我的工作,他也提前完成了交给他的工作 I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.118.野心不仅是罪恶的根源,也是毁灭的根源 Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as of evil.119.说起季羡林先生的认真,那是出了名的

Professor Ji Xianlin had a reputation for being contentious.120.郭沫若同志曾说:“中国人民历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、用于革命的。”

Comrade Guo Moruo once said, “The people of China have always been courageous in exploration, innovation and revolution.” 121.美国的战争景气,仅仅是一时的现象

The warboom in the United States of America was only temporary.122.这些都是人民内部矛盾的问题

All these are contradictions amidst the people 123.这些新兴汽车速度快,效率高,行动灵活

The new cars are fast, efficient and handy.124.这个口号,是对于在中国和帝国主义国家的关系的问题上,特别是在中国和美国的关系的问题上,还抱有某些幻想的人们说的。

125.基于伊拉克目前社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面,中国驻伊拉克大使馆已经向德国订购了两辆防弹轿车

The Chinese embassy in Iraq has ordered two bulletproof cars from Germany due to the social unrest and upheaval in Iraq at present.126.匪军所至,杀戮人民,奸淫妇女,焚毁村庄,掠夺财物,无所不用其极

Wherever the bandit troops went, they massacred and raped, burned and looted, and stopped at

nothing.127.200公里航道上遍布着无数险滩。险滩上江流汹涌,回旋激荡,水击礁石,浪花飞溅。Numerous shoals scattered over the 200 km course give rise to many eddies.Pounding on the midstream rocks ,the river roars thunderously.128.我们必须坚持社会主义道路,坚持人民民主专政即无产阶级专政,坚持共产党领导,坚持马列主义、毛泽东思想

篇6:汉译英句子翻译常见问题解析

1. 词汇问题

词汇是学习及翻译任何一门外语的首要基础, 要清楚明白地翻译出原来句子的意思就必须有足够的词汇量作为基础。词汇量越大, 翻译出来的句子就能够更加接近原句的意思。当然, 在词汇量充足的情况下, 翻译出来的句子质量更高。我国的考试模式, 客观题较多, 主观题较少, 使得教学侧重点倾向于为考试拿高分服务, 在没有本土语言环境的条件下, 很多学生对所学词汇大都只是停留在认得的阶段, 就是看见一个单词能够想起它的意思, 但是不能牢固掌握单词的用法, 出现以下问题。

1.1 词性拼写错误及词性误用问题

词性是任何阶段学习英语的重点, 辨清词性对正确运用语言大有帮助。一些学生在翻译句子的过程中, 常常不注意分析词性或对词的用法不明确, 表现为:介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用, 等等。

例1:圣诞节期间, 人们过得很愉快 (1) 。

During Chrismas, people are happiness (2) .

分析:译文中的Chrismas很显然是拼写错误, 应该改为, Christmas, 且译文中的happiness明显是名词误用为形容词。当然, 译文中还存在介词的不规范使用的问题。译文应该修正为:At Christmas, people are happy.

1.2 措词问题

措词是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词的问题。由于课堂时间不充足, 老师平时在这方面花的时间有限, 因此学生在句子翻译过程中没有养成良好的推敲、斟酌每个单词用法的习惯, 包括单词的字面意思, 单词及词组的一些固定用法等。在翻译句子的时候, 学生拿词就用, 用词不当的错误比比皆是。

例2:他是个非常隐秘的人, 从不向任何人透露自己的秘密 (3) 。

Being a very private man, he does not interfere in other people (4) .

分析:在例2当中, “interfere in”本来表示“干涉, 插手干预”等意思, 而不是“信任, 信赖”的意思, 显然, 例子中要表达的意思是“信任, 信赖”, 因此改为“confide in”是比较好的选择。

例3:我十分感激那些为聚会取得圆满成功而不辞辛劳的人们 (5) 。

I associated the people who worked hard to made the party a great process (6) .

分析:第一, 考生把associate“使发生联系, 使联合, 结交, 联想, 联盟”误用为be indebted to“感谢, 感激”, 应该改为后者;第二, 考生把process“过程, 加工, 工序”误用为success“成功”, 所以后者才是正确的。

1.3 词在句中的“不一致”问题

在探讨英语“一致”问题的过程中, 大家最容易想起的就是“主谓一致”。但是其实英语的“一致”问题并不仅仅值得是“主谓一致”, 还包括其他的“一致问题”。比如说, 数的不一致、时态不一致及代词不一致, 等等。所谓“主谓一致”是指语法形式上要一致, 即用作主语的名词中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上一致。意义一致, 即主语和谓语的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义。这里以“主谓一致”举例说明。

例4:她卧室和起居室的墙上贴满了流行歌星和电影明星的照片 (7) 。

On her bedroom and living room’s wall, it have many pictures which are popular stars and movie stars (8) .

分析:在译文当中, it是第三人称单数, 因而本句中的have应该为has;这是典型的主谓不一致。

2. 结构问题

除了词汇外, 英文的句子结构也非常重要。学生在句子翻译中出现的一些比较严重的错误都归于此类。在句子翻译中, 语法不规范、句子结构混乱、含义不明等情况非常常见, 中国式英语也屡见不鲜。这是因为考试模式使得学生产生一种误解, 认为句子结构的学习不那么重要, 所以较少有学生愿意在句子结构上下工夫。当然, 造成这样局面的一个重要原因还有老师在课堂上讲句子结构时, 基本上都是注重条条框框的讲解, 比较枯燥乏味。课堂时间有限, 实际让学生练习的时间不多。句子结构系统比较复杂繁琐, 学生很难在短时间之内完完整整地掌握整个英语句子结构系统。在汉译英的句子翻译中句子结构存在的主要问题表现在: (1) 指代不清; (2) 句子不完整; (3) 句子意思不明确。

2.1 指代不清出现的结构问题

指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清, 或者先后所用的代词不一致。

例5:这个国家有许多人对暴力犯罪案件的急剧增加感到惊慌 (9) 。

In this country, the guilty increasing day and night, made many people to feel afraid. (10)

分析:读完上面的译文, 我们无法明确地判断到底是犯罪使得人们感到惊慌还是犯罪案件的增加使得人们感到惊慌。如果译者把易于引起误解的代词所指对象加以明确, 意思就一目了然。当然, 这个例句当中还存在其他一些语法错误, 比如动名词误用为动词等。这个句子可改为:Many peo-ple in this country are alarmed by the dramatic increase in violent crime (11) .

2.2 句子不完整及句子意义混乱

在汉译英的句子翻译过程中, 会出现句子不完整、句子意义混乱等错误。因为没有具体的意境及没有具体的语言环境, 汉译英的句子翻译不同于口语交流、口语交际过程中双方可借助手势语气上下文等, 不完整的句子完全可以被理解, 至少可以在一定程度上被正确地理解。但是书面的句子翻译不同, 句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清, 这种情况常常发生在主句翻译完以后, 又想进行补充说明时。当然, 这样的情况也会出现在翻译比较长的汉语句子中。

例6:我们憎恨恐怖分子对普通人不加区别的施暴行为 (12) 。

We hate the terrify not different from people to violent (13) .

分析:在例6的译文中, 学生没有把句子的主干先翻译出来就着急把这个句子的意思翻译出来, 由于水平有限, 驾驭不了单词的精准用法, 因此导致整个句子的意思非常混乱。

应该改为:We all hate the terrorist’s indiscriminate violence against ordinary people (14) .

例7:他喜出望外, 因为他取得了非凡的成绩, 超过了自己确定的目标 (15) 。

He was overjoyed, because he has gotten a huge achievements, over the goal which he made before (16) .

在译文中, 学生没有搞清楚到底主句有多少个动词, 哪些动词属于并列的结构, 因此出现句子意义不明确的问题。

应该改为:He is overjoyed because of his great achievement that he has surpassed his original goal (17) .

3. 母语的影响

在汉译英句子翻译的过程中, 经常会碰到“中国式英语”。这是因为英语学习者长期处于母语的语言环境及语言氛围当中, 母语的一些特点已经深入学习者的思想当中, 出现此类的英语翻译是“自然的, 本能的”一种对英语的反应。我们清楚地知道, 在中文与英文的表达当中, 其既有“相通”之处, 又有“相异”之处。这样的“相通”、“相异”尤其在句子的语序当中得到充分的体现。“相通”之处指的是母语的正向迁移, 其在句子翻译中起的是正面的作用, “相异”指的是母语的负向迁移, 其在学习句子翻译的时候所起的作用是负面的。

例8:这个国家有许多人对暴力犯罪案件的急剧增加感到惊慌 (18) 。

This country have many people are fear of increase in crime case (19) .

在这个例子当中, this country have many people是中文的说话习惯及语序, 英文当中的语序应当是there are many people in this country。所以, 在翻译句子的时候, 应当充分考虑母语对目的语是否造成了负面迁移, 并且对这种负面迁移加以注意。在翻译过程中, 我们要充分理解原句的意思, 也要充分尊重译文的语言习惯。只有了解并且掌握英汉语序的特点和异同, 才能在翻译的过程中克服语序上的困难, 达到准确传达原意的目的。

4. 结语

在汉译英的句子翻译中出现的问题是多种多样的, 上文分析了其中比较常见的一些问题及出现问题的原因。在翻译句子的过程中, 我们需要把这些常见的问题牢记于心, 以求不出现这样的情况, 哪怕不能译得十全十美, 也要基本符合原句的意思, 译文的语言习惯基本符合英语的语言习惯。当然, 在解决上述问题之后, 还要尽量使译文到“信、达、雅”的标准。

摘要:在英语学习过程中, 句子的翻译一直都是学习者关注的焦点问题。本文就英语的汉译英句子翻译中常见的、学习者容易犯错的问题, 比如词汇、句子结构、母语负迁移等进行归纳, 有针对性地给出例子, 作出详细的分析与讲解。

关键词:汉译英,句子翻译,常见问题

参考文献

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