非谓语动词难点总结

非谓语动词难点总结（共6篇）

篇1：非谓语动词难点总结

非谓语动词的含义

非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。

非谓语动词的形式

非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。具体如下：

1. 不定式

①基本形式：to do(表示主动，并且一般表示将来)

②被动式：to be done(表示被动，并且一般表示将来)

③进行式：to be doing (表示主动和进行)

④完成时：to have done(表示主动和完成)

⑤完成被动式：to have been done(表示被动和完成)

⑥完成进行式：to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)

The teacher told us to do morning exercises.

老师让我们做早操。

The car to be bought is for his sister.

要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。

She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.

老师进来时，她假装正在读书。

The thief is said to have escaped.

据说小偷已经逃跑了。

The thief is said to have been arrested.

据说小偷已经被抓住了。

She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.

据说在过去的里，她一直在这家工厂工作。

2. 动名词

①基本形式：doing (表示主动)

②被动式：being done(表示被动)

③完成式：having done(表示主动和完成)

④完成被动式：having been done(表示被动和完成)

Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.

在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。

Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans. Freddy

和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。

I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you.

我不知道他做过这样一件违背你的事情。

Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop.

很多顾客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。

3. 现在分词

①基本形式：doing (表示主动和进行)

②被动式：being done(表示被动和进行)

③完成式：having done(表示主动和完成)

④完成被动式：having been done(表示被动和完成)

He sat there，reading a newspaper.

他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。

The area being studied may be rich in coal.

这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。

Having finished my homework，I began to watch TV.

完成作业后，我开始看电视。

Having been told many times，she still can t remember it.

已经被告诉了很多次，她仍然记不住。

4. 过去分词：done

及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成;不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。

polluted river 被污染的河流;fallen leaves 落叶

注意：非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行、将来和完成时是相对于谓语动作来说的：和谓语动作同时发生表示进行;发生在谓语动作之后表示将来;发生在谓语动作之前表示完成。

非谓语动词的语法

非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其它所有成分都可以做。具体如下。

1. 不定式：做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。

To learn a foreign language is difficult .(作主语)

学会一门外语是很难的。

It’s easy to see their aunt.(作真正主语，it做形式主语)

很容易见到他们的姑姑。

Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.(作宾语)

汤姆想要喝杯啤酒。

His wish is to be a driver.(作表语)

他的愿望是当一名司机。

I have nothing to say.(作定语)

我没有什么可说的。

The teacher told us to do morning exercises . (作宾语补足语)

老师让我们做早操。

They went to see their aunt. (目的状语)

他们去见他们的姑姑。

2. 动名词：做主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语。

Learning English is very difficult .(作主语)

学英语非常困难。

I enjoy dancing.(作动词宾语)

我喜欢跳舞。

I have got used to living in the country.(作介词宾语)

我已经习惯了住农村。

His job is driving a bus.(作表语)

他的工作是开车。

3. 现在分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。

The story is interesting.

这个故事有趣。

He sat there，reading a newspaper.(作状语)

他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。

The area being studied may be rich in coal.(作定语)

这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。

He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.(作宾补)

他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。

4. 过去分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。

He is interested in the news.(作表语)

他对这则消息很感兴趣。

polluted river(做定语)

被污染的河流

Given more time,I can do my work better.(做状语)

如果再被多给些时间，我会把工作做得更好。

I found my watch stolen.(做宾补)

我发现我的手表被偷了。

非谓语动词重、疑、难点

1. 须用省去to 的不定式(do)作宾补的11个动词。

五看(see、watch、notice、observe、look at)

两听(hear、listen to)

三使(make、let、have)

一感觉(feel)

根据谐音记忆法，我们可以记做“吾看两厅三室一感觉”。

I saw a big bird fly over the roof of the house yesterday.

昨天，我看到一只大鸟飞过了屋顶。

注意：以上11个动词，也可以接现在分词和过去分词作宾补，但在时间和语态上会有变化，我们以see为例来区分一下。

see sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事

see sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事

see sb./sth. done 看到某人/某物被......

I see him make the phone call.

我看到他打了电话。(他打电话的整个动作我都看见了)

I see him making a phone call.

我看到他正在打电话。(强调看到他正在打电话,并没有看见全过程.)

We often see him surrounded by much work.

我们常常看见他被大量的工作包围着.

2. 只接不定式(不能接动名词)作宾语的25个常用动词

want、would like、wish、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、afford、agree、arrange、ask、beg、care、choose、decide、demand、determine、expect、fear、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse

3. 只接动名词(不能接不定式)作宾语的28个常用动词

practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、mind、miss、permit、prohibit

4. 既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义完全不同的8个动词

remember to do sth. 记住要做某事(未做)

remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)

forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做)

forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)

regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事(未做)

regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做过某事(已做)

try to do sth. 努力做某事

try doing sth. 尝试做某事

mean to do sth. 计划做某事

mean doing sth. 意味着做某事

can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事

can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事

go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事

go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事

stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事

stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情

5. 所有非谓语动词的完成形式都不能做定语，如to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done 和 having been done。

非谓语动词的解题步骤

1. 判断非谓语动作的逻辑主语，以此来确定它表示主动含义还是被动含义。

①非谓动词做定语时，其逻辑主语是它所修饰的名词或代词。

②非谓语动作做状语时，其逻辑主语是句子主语。

③非谓语动作做宾补时，其逻辑主语是它前面的宾语。

2. 判断非谓语动作与谓语动作的先后关系。

和谓语动作同时发生表示进行，应用以上提到的进行式(to be doing和doing);发生在谓语动作之后表示将来，应用(to do和to be done);发生在谓语动作之前表示完成,应用(to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done、having been done和done)。

例如下面几题：

(1)_____ all my money on the car, I can’t afford a holiday with my friend this summer.

A. Spending

B. Spend

C. To spend

D. Having spent

【答案与解析】D “已经花了所有的钱买车”做时间状语，所以其逻辑主语应是句子主语“我”。“我”与“花钱”之间应该是主动关系，并且“花钱”发生在谓语动作“can’t afford a holiday”之前，所以非谓语动词应用主动和完成的含义，故选“D”。

(2)An exercise method to improve strength and balance is becoming popular in the United States.

A. designing

B. designed

C. to be designed

D. being designed

【答案与解析】B “设计”在这里是定语，修饰其前的“an exercise method”，所以其逻辑主语应该是它的被修饰词“an exercise method”，所以表被动。因为“设计”这个动词在这里本身已经完成，所以应用表示被动完成含义的designed。

(3)Open your heart, and you’ll make yourself better ______.

A. known

B. knowing

C. to know

D. know

【答案与解析】A ”知道，了解“在这里做宾补，所以其逻辑主语是其前的宾语”yourself“，”yourself“和”知道，了解“在这里是被动关系，所以选择过去分词”known“。

篇2：非谓语动词难点总结

1. 不定式：to do(表示主动，并且一般表示将来)

例如：

The teacher told us to do morning exercises .

老师让我们做早操。

2. 动名词：doing (表示主动)

例如：

Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.

在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。

3. 现在分词：doing (表示主动和进行)

例如：

He sat there，reading a newspaper.

他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。

4. 过去分词：done

及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成;不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。

polluted river 被污染的河流 (及物动词pollute和river之间是被动关系，即“河流被污染”)

fallen leaves 落叶(不及物动词fall和leaves之间是主动关系，即“叶子落下来”)

篇3：非谓语动词难点及解决对策

首先, 看看定义

在一个简单句中, 不是谓语动词的动词就是非谓语动词。

那么, 什么是谓语动词?有三种情况:

第一, 时态里应用的动词。如, We are playing.

第二, 与情态动词合用的动词。如, She may come.

第三, 与助动词合用的动词。如, She will go.

那么, 为什么要有非谓语动词?因为在英语中, 一个简单句只能出现一个谓语动词, 其他动词只能非谓语动词化。

其次, 看看非谓语动词的基本形式和意义

四种基本形式

第一种:动词不定式to do, 主要有下列三个用法:

(1) 表将来, 例 (2010陕西, 19) His first book＿＿＿＿＿＿＿next month is based on a true story.

A.published B.to be published

C.to publish D.being published

解析:句意:他的第一本书将于下月出版, 该书以一个真实的故事为基础。book与publish之间是动宾关系, 选被动, 根据next month表将来, 故选B (选项B表将来被动) 。

(2) 目的:例 (2011四川, 11) Simon made a big bamboo box＿＿＿＿＿＿＿the little sick bird till it could fly.

A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep

解析:句意:为了养这个生病的小鸟, 直到它能飞, Simon做了一个大竹箱。to do表目的, 故选D。

(3) 结果:例 (2012四川, 6) Tom took a taxi to the airport, only＿＿＿＿＿＿his plane high up in the sky.

A.finding B.to find

C.being found D.to have found

解析:句意:汤姆坐着出租车来到机场, 结果发现他的飞机已高高在天空了。only to do表意想不到的结果, 故选B。

第二种:省略了to的动词不定式do。

使用条件有三:1.感官或使役动词2.宾语补足语3.主动例 (2013陕西, 13) let those in need＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿that we will go all out to help them.

A.to understand B.understand

C.understanding D.understood

解析:句意:让那些贫困者知道我们会全力以赴得帮助他们。let使役动词并且是主动形式, understand在句中作those in need的宾语补足语, 故选B。

第三种:现在分词doing主动, 表正在进行。

如, (2011全国I, 27) The next thing he saw was smoke＿＿＿＿＿＿＿from behind the house.

A.rose B.rising C.to rise D.risen

解析:句意:他看到的另一件事是烟从房后升起。此时rising作定语修饰smoke, 表正在进行, 故选B。

第四种形式:过去分词done表完成和被动 (表被动必须是及物动词)

例 (2013陕西, 14) The witnesses＿＿＿＿＿＿＿by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.

A.questioned B.being questioned

C.to be questioned D.having questioned

解析:句意:刚才被警察讯问的那些目击者, 对于打斗给出了完全不同的描述。Witnesses和question之间构成动宾关系, 选被动, 根据just now表动作已发生, 而选项A表完成被动, 故选A。

第三, 解决非谓语动词的三种基本方法

1.基本意义 (上面已提到)

2.语态:主动语态和被动语态

确定主被动, 找逻辑主语 (形式主语) , 逻辑主语出现的位置如下所示:

(1) 其前的名词或代词, 例 (2011陕西, 14) Henry had his luggage＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿an hour before his plane left.

A.check B.checking C.to check D.checked

解析:句意:飞机起飞前的一小时, Henry托运了行李。Luggage和check之间是动宾关系, 只有checked表完成被动, 故选D.

(2) 句子的主语 (2010陕西, 16) ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿from the top to the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.

A.seen B.seeing C.having seen D.to see

解析:句意:丛塔顶看, 南山脚是一片树的海洋。逻辑主语the south foot of the mountain与see之间是动宾关系, 只有seen表被动, 故选A。

3.体体就是判断非谓语动词和谓语动词在时间上的关系

以动词不定式to do来说

一般体非谓语动词发生在谓语动词之后用to do如, Iplan to attend the meeting.

解析:句意:我打算去开会。开会发生在将来, 故用一般体。

进行体非谓语动词与谓语动词同时进行, 用to be doing如, They are said to be working hard.

解析:句意:据说他们工作卖力。说的同时, 他们依然还在卖力工作。故用进行体。

完成体非谓语动词先于谓语动词发生, 用to have done,

Xi Ming is said to have been admitted into a key university.

解析:句意:据说小明已被一所重点大学录取。录取发生在说之先, 故用完成体。

完成进行体非谓语动词先于谓语动词发生, 但现在仍继续, 将来还可能持续, 用to have been doing

如, He is said to have been working in that factory for 12 years.

解析:句意:据说他在那个工厂已工作12年了。工作发生在说之先, 现在还在继续, 将来还可能持续, 故用完成进行体。

下面我们看看几个真题, 来巩固体的用法,

例1 (2012安徽, 24) I remembered＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.

locking B.to lock

C.having locked D.to have locked

答案:B

解析:句意:在离开办公室前, 我记住要关门, 但是忘记关灯了。remember doing表示记得做过某事, 因此选项A与后面的before I left the office相矛盾。C和D都是完成时, 表示它们发生在remember之前, 这没有必要, 故选B。

例2 (2011上海春招, 40) Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿as a carpenter before.

to work B.to be working

C.to have worked D.to have been working

答案:C

解析:句意:Harrison Ford被认为是为数不多的曾经做过木匠的电影明星之一。“做过木匠”发生在认为之先, 故排除选项A和B, 现在已不是木匠, 故排除选项D, 最终选C。

摘要：非谓语动词是英语学习中的难点也是高考考查的重点, 许多同学觉得这部分知识杂、多、难。为了对非谓语动词的理解和掌握, 本文从非谓语动词的概念、用法和解题方法, 三个方面来解决这一重难点。

关键词：非谓语动词概念,用法,解题方法

参考文献

[1]尹传仁高考英语单项选择真题分类强化训练桂林:广西师范大学出版社, 2012 (9)

篇4：非谓语动词难点解析

难点一、 being done的含义

1. being done作分词用时表示“进行被动”的意义，在句中充当定语、状语和补语。例如：

The room being painted is my bedroom.正在被粉刷的房间是我的卧室。

I can’t see clearly the subtitle being shown on the screen.我看不清银幕上正在放映的小标题。

He heard someone being beaten in the room upstairs.他听见楼上的房间里有人正在挨打。

Being watched over, the prisoner couldn’t escape.因为被看守，所以这个犯人逃不脱。

2. being done作动名词用，只表“被动”而没有“进行”的意义，在句中作主语或宾语。例如：

You always hear about planes being delayed because of technical faults.你总听说因技术故障飞机被延误的情况。（planes being delayed是动名词复合结构,作about的宾语）

How can we prevent the environment from being polluted?我们怎样才能防止环境被污染呢？ （being polluted作from 的宾语）

He escaped being punished because he was absent that day.那天他没有被惩罚，因为他不在。 （being punished 作escaped 的宾语）

难点二、 having been done与done的异同

1. having been done表示“完成被动”的意义,是分词的完成被动式，在句中只能作状语，此时也可用done代替。例如：

（2007山东33） The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecrafts, the most recent ___________at the end of last March.

A. has been launched

B. having been launched

C. being launched

D. to be launched

此题考查独立主格结构，表示发生过的被动动作，即“完成被动”的意义，后一部分在句中作评注性状语，故答案为B。上例中的having been launched 也可使用launched。此句也可改为并列句：

... and the most recent was launhed at the end of last March. 最近的未载人飞船于去年三月末被发射。

2. having been done 作主语或宾语时，是动名词的完成被动式。例如：

（2006江西29） After he became conscious, he remembered____________ and _____________ on the head with a rod.

A. to attack； hit

B. to be attacked； to be hit

C. attacking； be hit

D. having been attacked； hit

此题需要选择动名词作remember的宾语，表示“记得做过的事”，故选D。此时，having been attacked 可用being attacked 代替。

3. done 表示“被动或完成被动”的意义，在句中作状语、定语、表语或补足语。例如：

（2007 上海36） The Town Hall ___________in the l800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.

A. to be completed

B. having been completed

C. completed

D. being completed

此题需选后置定语，故首先排除B，因为having been done在表示“完成被动”的意义时，是分词的完成被动式，在句中只能作状语，此时方能与done换用。根据句中时间状语，应选C，表“完成被动”义。译为：建于十九世纪的市政大厅是当时最杰出的建筑物。

(2006福建33) __________________ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.

A. BlamingB. Blamed

C. To blameD. To be blamed

句意：因为破坏了学校电脑网络，Alice 受到了责备。表示“完成被动”义，故选B。

难点三、非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子的主语的一致性

（2008重庆29）______________ to reach them on the phone, we sent an e-mail instead.

A. FailB. Failed

C. To failD. Having failed

句意：因为（我们）未能通过电话与他们取得联系，所以我们发了一个电子邮件。句子主语是“我们”,“未能……”的动作是“我们”做的，表“完成主动”义，故排除 B（B是“完成被动”义），故只有D项正确。

（2005全国卷Ⅱ18） While watching television, __________________-.

A. the doorbell rung

B. the doorbell rings

C. we heard the doorbell ring

D. we heard the doorbell rings

分词watching television的动作应该是“人”做的而不可能是doorbell做的，故排除A、B项，根据结构选C。

难点四、 only to do与 only doing

1. only to do作结果状语时，表示“未预料的或不好的结果”。例如：

（2004福建27） The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______________the film stars had left.

A. to tellB. to be told

C. tellingD. told

此题表示“未预料的结果——结果却被告知……”，故选B。

2. only doing 作伴随状语时，表示的动作与谓语动作相随进行。例如：

（2008辽宁27） He was busy writing a story, only ______________ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.

A. to stopB. stopping

C. to have stoppedD. having stopped

此题答案为B，表示伴随的动作。

难点五、 非谓语与谓语的判断

1. （2004上海春44） Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ______________the girl and took her away,________________ into the woods.

A. seizing; disappeared

B. seized; disappeared

C. seizing; disappearing

D. seized; disappearing

解析：第一空seized是谓语动词与took并列，第二空disappearing 作伴随状语。

2. （2005全国卷32） The storm left, _____________ a lot of damage to this area.

A. causedB. to have caused

C. to causeD. having caused

分析：逗号后面无并列连词，故空格处不能用谓语动词，故排除A。此处不是目的状语，也不是未预料的结果，故排除B、C项。D项为正确答案，在句中作时间状语，它表示的动作先于谓语动作，译为“在导致了许多损失后……”，可以把having caused ...放于句首。

3. （2005全国卷Ⅱ20） “You can’t

catch me！” Janet shouted，________________away.

A. run B. running C. to run D. ran

此题与上题一样无并列连词，首先排除谓语形式D项。应选择充当伴随状语的B项。

4. （2006山东29） Five people won the “China’s Green Figure ”award, a title___________to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.

A. beingB. is given

C. givenD. was given

解析： a title 充当the “China’s Green Figure” award的同位语，它不是一个句子的主语，因为逗号不隔开两个并列的句子，所以排除谓语形式D。a title (一个称号)后面是后置定语，a title与give为被动关系，故选C项。

难点六： have结构的迷惑

1. have表示“进行某种动作”，有固定搭配。例如：have a good time, have a swim, have a rest, have breakfast, have sports等。

（2008四川14） We had an anxious couple of weeks_______________for the results of the experiment.

A. waitB. to be waiting

C. waitedD. waiting

此题考查have an anxious couple of weeks (in) doing sth.与have a good / hard time (in) doing sth.结构相同，故选D。

2. have 作使役动词用时，结构有have sb. do / doing或have sth. done。例如：

Who would you like to have___________the letter?

A. typedB. to type

C. typingD. type

答案选D。属于have sb. do sth.的结构。

3. have 表示“有”时，结构有have sth.∕sb. to do，译为“有……要做”，to do 作后置定语，do与sb. ∕ sth.为动宾关系。例如：

She has a lot of children __________ , so she is busy all day.

A. to take care ofB. taken care of

C. take care ofD. taking care of

答案选A。译为：她有许多孩子要照顾，所以整天都很忙。

难点七、 不定式的主动表被动意义的情况。

1. sb. ∕sth. ＋ be ＋ adj. ＋ to do

do 与主语sb. ∕sth.有动宾关系，此句型表示主语的性质或特点。例如：

The morning air is so good to breathe.

The problem is hard to solve.

She is easy to work with .

2. to do 作后置定语时，do与被修饰词为动宾关系。例如：

I have nothing to do right now.

He has a lot of work to do.

She has nothing to worry about.

3. sb. be to blame 某人应受责备 / 负责。例如：

He is to blame for the broken window.

难点八、动名词的复合结构与独立主格结构的区别

动名词的复合结构常用作主语或宾语，而独立主格结构只能用作状语。例如：

1. ___________at the meeting encouraged all of us.

A. He being praised

B. His having been praised

C. He praising

D. For him to have been praised

此题选B，B项为动名词复合结构在句中作主语。

2._____________ ill, his mother had to stay at home to attend (to) him.

A. His beingB. He being

C. To beD. Being

此题选B。独立主格结构作原因状语，相当于Because he was ill。

【巩固练习】

1. （2008江西28） We finished the run in less than half the time _______________ .

A. allowingB. to allow

C. allowedD. allows

2. (2006湖北34) Don’t sit there _______________nothing. Come and help me with this table.

A. doB. to do

C. doingD. and doing

3. （2006安徽35） Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _______________ .

A. blamedB. blaming

C. to blameD. to be blamed

4. (2008陕西14) _______________around the cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.

A. Having shownB. To be shown

C. Having been shownD. To show

5. (2008北京32) I feel greatly honoured_______________into their society.

A. to welcomeB. welcoming

C. to be welcomedD. welcomed

6. (2007上海，13) She wants her paintings_______________ in the gallery, but we don’t think they would be very popular.

A. displayB. to display

C. displayingD. displayed

7. (2005上海33)_______________into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.

A. PutB. Putting

C. Having putD. Being put

8. （2008天津4） _______________ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.

A. To throwB. Thrown

C. ThrowingD. Being thrown

9. (2008浙江13) It’s one of the funniest things_______________ on the Internet so far thisyear.

A. findingB. being found

C. to findD. found

10. (2008陕西11) The message is very important, so it is supposed_______________ as soon as possible.

A. to be sentB. to send

C. being sentD. sending

11. （2007山西实验二次模拟） For many years people in that country have beenaccustomed_______________like animals.

A. to be treatedB. to being treated

C. to treatD. treating

12. (2007北京西城抽样) —What made little Tony so unhappy and cry in his room?

—_______________ to go hiking with his brother.

A. Having not been allowed

B. Not having allowed

C. Having not allowed

D. Not having been allowed

13. （2004上海春35） I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything _______________ ?

A. to be buyingB. to buy

C. for buyingD. bought

14. (2005北京28) It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview._______________ the answers ready will be of great help.

A. To haveB. Having had

C. HaveD. Having

15. (2007银川一中期中) Much new and high technology has been introduced from America, thus_______________ in great increase in

production of the company.

A. resultingB. resulted

C. resultsD. which results

篇5：非谓语动词知识点总结

I.概述

1.基本形式的变化：

不定式：

时态主动态被动态

一般式to doto be done

进行式to be doing

完成式to have builtto have been built

John said that he had run in order to catch the bus. (一般式的主动态)

He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态)

He pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式)

He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态)

This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式的被动态)

v-ing形式

时态主动态被 动 态

一般式doingbeing done

完成式having donehaving been done

注意：不及物动词没有被动式

动名词

I am sure of his coming in time. (一般式主动态) (= I am sure that he will come in time)

He is proud of being selected as monitor. (一般式被动态) (= He is proud that he is selected as monitor.)

I’m confident of his having passed the exam. (完成式主动态)

(= I am confident that he have passed the exam.)

He complained of having been cheated by others. (完成式被动态)

现在分词

He sat in a chair,reading a novel. (一般式主动态)

Being exhausted by work, he fell asleep quickly. (一般式被动态)

Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主动态)

All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态)

2.所做成分

项目/成分主语表语宾语宾补定语状语

动词的ing形式现在分词 △ △△△

动名词△△△ △

不定式 △△△△△△

过去分词 △ △△△

注：现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。

II.基本知识

1.动词不定式在句中充当的成分

①作主语。

To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.

To make money is not the only purpose of our life.赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的

在很多情况下，常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。

It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。

②作动词的宾语，常用在以下动词后：

help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)

He managed to pass the exam.他成功地通过了考试。

He promised to be here at nine.他答应9点钟到这儿。

I didn’t expect to see you here.我没有料到在这儿见到你。

在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。

He considered it better to leave now.他认为最好现在就离开。

I found it impossible to finish the work on time.我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。

③作定语(常置于名词之后)。

由only, last, next 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语; 不定式还可用作名词

代词的的宾语 (ability, anything, attempt, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure,

intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something)

She is always the first student to arrive at school.

He is always the last one to leave the office.他总是最后一个离开办公室。

I don’t think he is the best man to do the job.我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。

I have no desire to travel.

You’ll find something to interest you here.

注：动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词，而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系，这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。

I haven’t decided which hotel to stay at.

I found no one to play with.

④作状语

I walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down.(不至于跌倒) (表目的)

They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. (表结果)

He tried only to fail. (结果没有成功)

She was happy to hear the news. (表原因)

不定式常用于修饰下列形容词：

able,afraid,angry, anxious, apt, careful, careless, certain, clever, considerate, delighted, difficult,eager, easy, fit,frightened , happy, interesting, likely, lucky, quick, ready, reluctant , right, sorry, surprised, sure, thoughtful,thoughtless, unable, unwilling, wrong etc.

French is difficult to learn. 法语难学。

I’m sorry to interrupt you, but I have to.

⑤作独立副词成分。

To speak frankly, I don’t like your attitude.

⑥与疑问词连用。疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how等后加动词不定式，构成不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。

When to start has not been decided.什么时候出发还没有定。

The problem is how to get there on time.问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。

注意：

①在有些动词后常用疑问词 + 动词不定式的结构。这类动词有：know, ask, tell, show, wonder,consider,understand, learn, instruct, guess, see, explain, discover, imagine, think, hear 等。

He didn’t know what to do next.

I haven’t decided whether to go to Japan.我没有决定是否到日本去。

②不定式的复合结构

由for + 名词或代词 + 动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。

It is necessary for you to finish the work before Friday.你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工

His idea is for us to travel in different cars.他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。

由of 引出的不定式复合结构，经常与以下形容词连用：brave, careless,,clever,courageous,foolish,good, honest,kind,nice,rash, right,rude, stupid,silly,thoughtful,thoughtless,wrong, wise等。

It’s kind of you to say so.

It’s brave of you to go into the burning building to save the baby!

你真勇敢，冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿

③不带to 的动词不定式

▲在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式，如let,make,have, hear,see,feel,smell,hear,watch等。

The teacher often makes me rewrite the composition.老师常常让我把作文重写。

将该句转换成被动语态：I am often made by the teacher to rewrite the composition.

I heard her say that she was fed up.

▲在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式：had better, would rather, can not but, cannot help but,do nothing but等。

I’d better go now, or I’ll miss the train.

They can not but accept his advice.我只好接受他的建议。

▲在except, but 之前有动词do作实义动词，则except, but 后一般接不带to的动词不定式，反之则接带to的动词不定式。

We have no choice but to wait.我们除了等待别无选择(我们只好等待)。

There is no choice but to go there.

There is nothing to do but to (to 可省略) read a book.

▲在why, why not结构中，紧接其后的动词不定式不带to

Why argue with him?

Why not send those books back?为什么不把那些书送回去?

2.动名词在句中充当的成分

①作主语

Asking for help is sometimes necessary. 请求帮助有时是必要的。

Eating too much is not good for your health.吃得太多对你的健康不利。

Teaching offers something besides money and power.

②作补语、表语

Seeing is believing.

We call such an act cheating.我们称这样的行为为作弊/欺骗行为。

③作以下及物动词及词组的的宾语

建议冒险去献身：advise, suggest, risk, devote oneself to

忍受期待不停顿：bear/stand(忍受), look forward to, stop

放弃延期悔失去：give up, delay, put off, regret, miss

坚持欣赏(想)要(实)践(完)成：keep (on)/insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice, finish

注意原谅避反对：pay attention to, excuse, escape, avoid, object to

考虑要求不自禁：consider, require, cannot help

允许习惯不介意：forbid; permit, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind

值得开始想动名：be worth, set about, imagine

The mother did agree to let the boy risk swimming across the river.冒险游过河

His wife doesn#39;t allow smoking inside the room but allows him to smoke outside the room

他的妻子不允许在室内抽烟，但是允许他在室外抽。

All of them insisted on my staying with them a few days longer.

他们所有的人都坚持要我再跟他们多呆几天时间。

I#39;m looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Being ill for a few days,she doesn#39;t feel like eating anything.不想吃任何东西

另在want, need, require等动词后，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思(主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系)。

My hair needs cutting. (= My hair needs to be cut.)

⑤作定语

它与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，通常只表示用途或与所修饰的名词有关的动作。

The factory built a swimming pool last year.游泳池

Our teacher uses a very good teaching method.教学方法

⑥作同位语

His hobby, making model airplanes, is very interesting.

注意：

①动名词的复合结构

动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格 + 动名词构成。如果不是在句子开头，这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格 +动名词构成，在句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：

Do you mind my closing the door? Do you mind me closing the door?

My closing the door made him angry.

I can’t stand Lao Chang’s talking like that about other comrades.

②动名词的某些固定结构

▲It is + no use, no good(fun,a great pleasure, a waste of time,a bore...)等名词+doing sth.

It is no use crying.哭没有用。

It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。

It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。

▲It is + useless+doing sth.

It is useless speaking.光说没用。

▲There is no + v-ing “…是不可能的”。

There is no knowing how old she is.(= I t is impossible to know how old she is.)

There is no telling where she’s gone.(= It is impossible / difficult to know where she’s gone.)

▲make a point of + doing “认为…是必要的”

Our family make a point of going to church every Sunday.(= Our family make it a rule to go to church every Sunday.)

▲be on the point of + doing “濒临，将要…”

He was on the point of leaving.

▲on (upon) + doing “一…就…”

On hearing the news, I changed my plans.(= As soon as I heard the news, I changed my plans.)

▲go + doing (大部分指运动和游戏)

He went shopping / hiking / swimming / fishing etc.

▲动名词短语常用在以下结构中

have difficulty (in) + doing sth

have trouble (in) + doing sth

have fun (in) + doing sth/

have a good time (in) + doing sth/have a hard time (in) + doing sth

▲feel like + 名词“想要”=would like to +原形动词

Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗?

I don#39;t feel like reading tonight.今晚我不想读书。

3.分词在句中充当的成分

①作定语。作定语的分词如果是单个分词，放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。在用作定语时，分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。

The boring snow made the bored boys go home. (= The snow was boring, so the boys wee bored and went home.)

China is a developing socialist country.发展中的.社会主义国家

The man writing the obituary (讣告) is my friend.

(= The man who is writing the obituary is my friend.)

The broken glass scattered on the ground.破杯

注：现在分词与过去分词都可作定语，但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情，有主动意义;而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情，有被动意义。

②作表语、宾语补足语。能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see, hear, keep, find, notice, watch, think, want, smell, observe等。

The story is boring.

I found him reading a novel. 在读小说(现在分词作宾语补足语)

I found him surrounded by a group of children.一群孩子包围着 (过去分词作宾语补足语)

③作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间,原因, 条件,结果,伴随情况。

Having read all the required papers, he answered the questions fluently.(时间)

Being short of money, I decided to apply for the work.(原因)

Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital.(原因)

If going there by plane, we’ll have to pay twice as much.(条件)

Unless asked to answer questions, the pupils were not supposed to talk in Mrs Smith’s class.(条件)

The farmer used a new insecticide, thus raising the average yield by 15%.(结果)

He sat in a rocking chair, watching TV.(伴随)

注意：分词的特殊结构

①独立主格

有时分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，这时分词须带上自身的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。

That being the case, we’d better make some changes in the plan.

Weather permitting, we will go out. == if weather permits

The teacher having finished the lesson, the students left the classroom.

②“with或without + 名词或代词 + 分词”的复合结构

常用作补充说明或表示伴随情况。例如：He fell asleep with the lamp burning.

③某些固定结构

generally / frankly speaking …,judging from / by …中，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词。

Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family.从他的衣着判断

Frankly speaking, I dont like him at all.坦率地说

④catch+宾语+doing

I caught them stealing my apples.我抓住他们偷我的苹果。

If she catches me reading her diary，she#39;ll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的。

注：有些现在分词可以作介词用：如concerning, considering, regarding, respecting等。

Considering his age, he is tall.考虑了他的年龄。

篇6：非谓语动词难点总结

1. 不定式-主、表、宾、补语(宾补&主补)、定、状、同位语

2. 动名词-主、表、宾、定、同位语

3.分 词-表、补语(宾补&主补)、定、状

知识要点：

一、不定式与动名词做主语：

1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。Collecting information about children’s health is his job.

It’s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher.

2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：

常用结构：It+be+ adj./n.+ for sb. to do sth.

(常见形容词: difficult , important, necessary, impossible, etc.)

It+be+ adj. + of sb. to do sth. =sb. be + adj. + to do sth.

(常见形容词:clever, silly, foolish, stupid, wise, kind, rude, impolite, careless, cruel, crazy, etc.)

3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：It’s no good (use, fun) doing sth.

It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing sth. It’s worth while doing sth.

二、不定式、动名词、分词做表语：

1、不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。不定式一般紧跟在系动词如: be, seem, remain, appear等后面, 用来说明主语的内容。这类结构中的主语一般为名词，如：idea, purpose, hope, plan, intention, wish, dream, etc.

eg.) My purpose is to teach them a lesson.

有时句子主语也可以是不定式或名词性从句。

Eg.) To be strict with students is to be responsible to them.

What I want to do is (to )tell you the truth.

The only thing he could do was ( to) tell the truth.

如果主语中含有do的任何形式, 那么不定式可以省去to.

2、动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可互换，动名词常用于口语中。

Its full-time job is laying eggs.

3、分词做表语:

现在分词作表语:一般表示主动或主语的性质和特征, “令人……”的, 主语多数情况是sth.

过去分词作表语: 一般表示被动或说明主语情感心理上的感受, “感到……的”,主语多数是sb.

exciting, excited annoying, annoyed amazing, amazed

boring, bored confusing, confused encouraging, encouraged

embarrassing, embarrassed frightening, frightened; inspiring, inspired

现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征；进行时表示正在进行的动作。

The task of this class is practising the idioms. （现在分词做表语）

With the help of the teacher, the students are practising the idioms. （现在进行时）

过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。

The village is surrounded by high mountains.（过去分词做表语）

The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army.（被动语态）

He is well educated.（过去分词做表语）

He has been educated in this college for three years.（被动语态）

注意: 过分除修饰sb.以外,还可修饰表示神态、声音等的名词, 说明主语的心理状态。

Eg.) He had a _________ (terrifying, terrified) look in his eyes.

The boy answered in a ________ (frightening, frightened) voice.

三、不定式与动名词做宾语：

1、下列动词跟不定式做宾语：

want, wish, hope, expect, ask, demand, pretend, care, decide, happen, long, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, cause, afford, beg, manage, agree, promise等。

2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语：

常见动词: advise, avoid（避免）, appreciate（感激）, admit（承认）,consider(考虑), complete, delay, deny（否认）, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, forbid, forgive, imagine, miss, mind, mention, permit, practise, risk（冒险）, suggest (建议), understand, etc.

常见短语: be busy, be worth, burst out, feel like, can’t help (忍不住), can’t stand, set about, succeed in, be engaged in, persist in, insist on, be fond of, dream of, prevent…(from), keep…from, stop…(from), protect…from…, set about, spend/waste…(in)

be/get used/accustomed to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, get down to, devote oneself/one’s life ( energy, effort, time) to, make contributions to, admit to, owe to,

【lead to, stick to, listen to, refer to, turn to, thanks to, owing to, due to后接名词,一般不接动名词】

3、某些动词后既可接动名词,也可接不定式.

常见动词: begin/start, continue; love, like, dislike, hate, prefer; need, want, require; forget, remember, regret; mean, try, go on, stop, be used to, can’t help

3. begin/start

三种情况下,一般接不定式做宾语:①主语是sth.;②本身用于进行时;③做宾语的动词表示情感、思想或意念时(如:like, love, understand, realize, understand, know, etc.)

A.) love, like, dislike, hate, prefer, 如表示经常性的动作, 用动名词作宾语;如表示特定或具

体的动作,多接不定式.

Eg.) I like___(play) chess during my spare time.

I like___(play) at chess with the chess master now.

B.) need, want require

eg.) He wants _____(repair) the bike for me.

The bike needs/wants/ requires______(repair).

4. forget, remember, regret

eg.) The light in the office is still on. I forgot ____ (turn) it off.

I’ll never forget ____(see) the musical comedy in New York.

Remember____( meet) me tonight.

I remember ____(take) to Beijing when I was a child.

I regret ____ (inform) you that you are dismissed.

I regret ______( not take ) his advice.

E.) mean, try, go on, stop, be used to, can’t help

Eg.) What do you mean _____ (do ) with it?

____(miss) the train means __(wait) for another two hours.

He’s been trying ____ (get) you on the phone.

Let’s try___ (knock) at the back door.

He paused and went on __ (explain) the text to us.

Go on _____(do) the other exercise after you have finished this one.

Wood is used to ___(make) paper.

He is used to _____(get) up early.

She couldn’t help_____( do ) the housework, for she was busy.

People couldn’t help____(laugh) at the foolish emperor in the procession.

4、动名词作need, want, require, be worth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。

The washing-machine needs repairing.（或用：needs to be repaired）

The point wants referring to.

This English novel is well worth reading.

The situation in Russian required studying.

下列句子惯用不定式主动语态.

Eg.) The house is to let/to be let. 这房子待出租。

He is not to blame for everything.

四、不定式与分词在句中做宾语补足语：

1、以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语：

动词/动词词组+宾语+to不定式:

常见动词: want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, allow, permit, help, advise, persuade, cause, force, warn, invite, urge, encourage, prepare, call on, would like, wait for, etc.

eg.)I got them to join us in the discussion.

They are waiting for the school bus to come.

The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days. （注suggest后不跟不定式做宾补。）

We wish him to remain and accept the post.（注hope后不跟不定式做宾补。）

动词+宾语+不带to的不定式:

常用动词: feel (一感) ; hear, listen to(二听); make, let, have(三让); see, watch, observe, notice, look at(五看) ;help (半帮助,可带to或不带to)etc. 但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to.

Eg.) I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road.

比较: I saw him crossing the road. He was seen _____the road.

I saw him carried downstairs. He was seen ____ downstairs.

2、下列动词后的复合宾语用分词做宾补：see, watch, notice, observe, find, hear, feel, make, get, set, send, start, catch, have, leave, keep,等。用现在分词还是用过去分词做宾补，要看分词与宾语的关系。

We heard him ____ (sing) the song when we came in.

We have heard the song _____ (sing) in Japanese.

He watched the bed _____ (carry) out of the door.

He felt a great weight _____ (take ) off his mind. 他感到心头如释重负。

How would you like your hair ___ (cut)?

五、非谓语动词做定语：

1、不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示在谓语动词之后发生的动作或过去的某一特定动作。

He had no house to live in but a lot of work to do.

Our monitor is the first to arrive.

2、动名词与现在分词做定语的区别：

动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词进行的动作。

a walking stick 拐杖（动名词， a stick for walking）

a sleeping car 卧铺车厢（动名词， a car for sleeping）

the rising sun 正在升起的太阳（现在分词）

the changing world 变化中的世界（现在分词）

3、现在分词与过去分词做定语的区别：过去分词做定语表示完成或被动的动作，现在分词做定语表示主动或进行的动作。

a piece of disappointing news =a piece of news which disappointed us）

in the following years =in the years that followed）

a well dressed woman =a woman who is dressed well）

a car parked at the gate =a car which was parked at the gate）

六、不定式与分词做状语：

1、不定式做状语，只表示目的、结果或原因：

He hurried home only to find his money stolen.（结果状语）

To make himself heard, he raised his voice.（目的状语）

All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress. (原因状语)

2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式、结果：

Seen from the top of the hill, the town is beautiful.（条件状语）

Having been hit by the big boy on the nose, the little boy began to cry. (原因状语)

He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased.（伴随状语）

动名词的复合结构:

① 物主代词或名词所有格+ 动名词(作主语、宾语、表语)

② 代词宾格或名词普通格+ 动名词(作宾语、表语)

Eg.) My father’s being ill worried us greatly.=That my father was ill worried us greatly.

His not being present at the party annoyed the hostess.

It’s no use your pretending that you didn’t know the truth.

What angered me most was the students failing to fulfill their duties.

I think the problem is their/them not having enough time.

注意: 若动名词的逻辑主语为无生命的东西,只用普通格:

eg.) The experiment can’t be carried out because of the equipment being out of order.

The news of the new hotel catching fire shocked everyone.= The news that the new hotel caught fire shocked everyone.

The noises of the boxes being opened and closed could be heard.

存在句的非限定形式

存在句的非限定形式是there to和there being结构。这两种结构在用法上有相同点。为便于比较，我们把它们放在一起介绍。

1） 作介词补足成分

两种结构都可作介词补足成分。如果介词是for，便只能用there to be结构。

Eg.) It is too early for there to be anyone around here.

It is important for there to be a fire escape.

也能用在不及物动词+for之后:

They planned for there to be another meeting.

如果介词不是for, 则要用 there being结构。

Eg.) John was relying on there being another opportunity.

2） 作宾语

作宾语时, 通常用there to be结构。

Eg.) Members like there to be plenty of choice.

能这样用的及物动词为数有限,常见的有expect, mean, intend, want, like, prefer, hate等。

3） 作主语和状语

there being结构还能用作主语和状语。

Eg.) There being a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage.

There having been no rain, the ground was dry.

存在句的限定形式与非限定形式之间可以相互转换。

For there to be so few people in the streets was unusual.

(=It was unusual for there to be so few people in the streets.)

有时限定形式与非限定形式还可以结合使用。

Eg.) It is said that there are troops on the frontier. =There are said to be troops on the frontier.

关系代词的省略:

1. This is the fastest train there is to Beijing.

2. He asks for the latest book there is on the shelf.

3. ---- What did the football player you were talking to want?