民主规范模式法律探讨论文提纲

论文题目：A Discourse on Discourse ——Habermas, Foucault and the Political/Legal Discourses in China

摘要：西方民主理论在中国文化土壤中的适应性问题,一直以来都是学术界关心和讨论的重要主题。在这样的大背景下,本文希望从规范角度研究协商民主在中国的适用性问题。我们首先聚焦于哈贝马斯的“关于法律与民主的商谈理论”,因为时至今日,它一直都是被讨论的最多的规范性话语民主理论。有鉴于这一理论强烈的规范性与理想性,我们又引入了福柯的“权力关系话语理论”,来呈现不同的西方话语理论之间的张力。另外,为了考察这两种话语理论在中国背景下的适应性问题,也为了平衡这两者间的张力,我们从中国传统文化资源中发掘了另外一种规范性话语理论——儒家理性的话语商谈理论。于是,本研究希望可以呈现三种不同的话语协商理论以及他们之间的规范关系。当然,作为补充和解释,一些对于中国历史和现实政治的经验性描述也显得非常必要。有两个关于张力的视角将成为贯穿全文的线索：普遍性与特殊性之间的张力,以及规范性理论与社会政治现实之间的张力。以文本研究为主,以概念研究和经验研究为补充,本研究主要从以下几个方向切入：第一章讨论哈贝马斯的规范性的法律与民主的商谈理论与社会实践之间的张力；第二章分析哈贝马斯的理性话语理论与福柯的权力话语理论之间的张力,并主张重新思考和建构这一张力问题；第三章尝试从传统中国文化中发掘抽象出另外一种规范性的话语理论——儒家理性的话语理论,来平衡前述两种规范性理论之间的张力。我们主张：作为一种理想类型的儒家理性（一种价值理性观）,一定程度上可以被用作沟通前述两种相对立的话语理论的桥梁。第四章与第五章都是以经验研究的方式来解释说明前述的规范性理论构建,并考察理论与实践之间的张力。第四章聚焦于传统中国社会中的“公共领域”与政治法律商谈的特点,以解释第三章所提出的规范理论,并希望在中国历史实践的背景下重新思考和定义“公共领域”、“协商性政治”等观念。第五章讨论的是今天中国新媒体公共领域中的政治法律协商。它是对前述各种规范性理论的总体回应,也是对理论与社会实践关系的一个考察。我们主张：由于不同文化背景下人们的认知结构和思维方式的相异性,话语协商民主应当有不同的规范模式。并且,规范性与现实之间的张力就像一枚硬币的两面：规范性理论为协商民主实践提供了方向性的指引；而政治法律的协商实践又可以反过来验证、补充、改进甚至挑战规范性的话语理论。除了展示话语理论的多元维度以外,本研究还有一个实践的目的,那就是倡导一种同时满足“中国性”和“现代性”两种需要的话语协商民主路径。这种路径需要既包含中华文化的基本价值取向,也能符合现代化中国的构成标准。

关键词：话语商谈理论;权力关系;哈贝马斯;福柯;协商民主;儒家理性;公共领域;张力

学科专业：外国哲学

中文摘要

Abstract

外文摘要

INTRODUCTION

1. DISCOURSE DEMOCRACY IS A KIND OF LOCAL KNOWLEDGE?

2. A CHINESE OUESTION TO HABERMAS AND FOUCAULT

3. MULTIVARIATE RATIONALITIES?A WEBERIAN QUESTION

4. METHODOLOGY

5. STRUCTURE

6. CONCEPTS

CHAPTER 1.BETWEEN NORMATIVITY AND SOCIAL FACTS:A SOCIOLOGICALINTERPRETATION ON HABERMAS'S DISCOURSE THEORY OF LAW AND DEMOCRACY

INTRODUCTION

1. COLONIZATION OF LIFE WORLD AND LEGITIMATION CRISIS OF MODERN SOCIETY

2. COMMUNICATIVE RATIONALITY,COMMUNICATIVE ACTION AND THE IDEAL RATIONAL DISCOURSE

3. REBUILDING THE LEGITIMACY OF MODERN SOCIETY WITH COMMUNICATIVE RATIONALITY

4. THE ROLE OF POLITICAL PUBLIC SPHERE

5. THE PROCEDURALIST PARADIGM OF LAW

6. THE EMPIRICAL DIMENSIONSOF DISCOURSE THEORYOF LAW AND DEMOCRACY

7. QUALITATIVE RESEARCHES ON THE DISCOURSE THEORY OF LAW AND DEMOCRACY

8. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCHES ON THE DISCOURSE THEORY OF LAW AND DEMOCRACY

9. CONCLUSION

CHAPTER 2.COMMUNICATIVE RATIONALITY OR POWER DISCOURSE:FOUCAULT'SCHALLENGE TO HABERMAS

INTRODUCTION

1. DIAGNOSES:ABOUT RATIONALITY AND MODERN SOCIETY

2. METHODOLOGIES:DEBATES ON GENEALOGY

3. ON SUBJECT:PRODUCT OF POWER OR INTER.SUBJECTIVITY

4. ON POWER:PRODUCTIVE(MICRO-)POWER AND COMMUNICATIVE POWER

5.DISCOURSE:THE EMBODIMENT OF POWER OR THE CARRIER OF RATIONALITY

6. ON DEMOCRACY AND LAW

7. NORMATIVITY AND REALITY IN THE DISCOURSE THEORIES OF HABERMAS AND FOUCAULT

8. THE INHERENT TENSION OF WESTERN THOUGHTS

CHAPTER 3.CONFUCIAN RATIONALITY:ANOTHER NORMATIVE INTERPRETATION ONDISCOURSE THEORY

INTRODUCTION

1. An Overview

2. THE POTENTIAL AND DEFINITION OF CONFUCIAN RATIONALITY

3. CONFUCIAN RATIONALITY AS THE ETHIC RATIONALISM

4. LANGUAGE AND THE EMPIRICISM OF CONFUCIAN RATIONALITY

5. ZHONGYONG:THE KEY CONCEPT OF CONFUCIAN RATIONALITY

6. RESTRICTING PERSONAL DESIRES AND SACRIFICING INDIVIDUAL INTERESTS FOR COLLECTIVE INTERESTS.

7. LI:THE POWER RELATIONS AND STRUCTURE OF POWER IN CONFUCIAN RATIONALITY

8. SHI(SCHOLAR-BUREAUCRATS):THE CARRIER CLASS OF CONFUCIAN RATIONALITY

9. CONCLUSION:THE POWER/RATIONALITY DISPUTES IN A CONFUCIAN DISCOURSE CONTEXT

CHAPTER 4."PUBLIC SPHERE" AND POLITICAL/LEGAL DISCUSSIONS IN TRADITIONALCHINESE SOCIETY INFLUENCED BY CONFUClAN RATIONALITY

INTRODUCTION

1. "PUBLIC SPHERE" IN TRADITIONAL CHINESE SOCIETY

1.1 IN Ancient China

1.2 IN Modern China

2. POLITICALAND LEGAL DISCUSSIONS IN "PUBLIC SPHERE"

2.1 The Origins of Chinese Political/Legal Discussions

2.2 Inequality (Power imbalance)between participants

2.3 Ethical indoctrination,temperance and holistic perspective in discussions

2.4 Stressing on Harmony and Making Light of the Conflicts, Despising theInstitutionalized Procedures and Using More Informal Mediations

2.5 The Private Values influenced Public Dicussions

CONCLUSION

CHAPTER 5.RATIONA LITY AND POWER IN THE NEW MEDIA PUBLIC SPHERE OF CHINA

INTRODUCTION

1. THE RISE OF WEB 2.0 AND A NEW PUBLIC SPHERE IN CHINA

2. THE POWER INTERVENTIONS ON NEW MEDIA PUBLIC SPHERE

2.1 Legal Means

2.2 Technical Means and the Self-censorship of the Microblogging Companies

2.3 Administrative Means and Other Means

2.4 Staged Conclusion

3. THE PUBLIC DISCOURSES UNDER POWER CONTROL

3.1 The Explorations of the Space of Rationality and Communicative Power

3.2 The Formation of the Irrational discourses

3.3 Staged Conclusion

4. THE POWER INTERACTION BETWEEN PUBLIC SPHERE,STATE POWER SYSTEM AND LEGAL/JUDICIAL SYSTEM

4.1 Judicial System with Chinese Characteristics

4.2 The Interaction between Public Sphere, State Power System and Legal/JudicialSystem

5. A CASE STUDY

5.1 A briefing of the Wu Ying Case

5.2 Public Discourses on the Case

5.3 The Influece of the Weibo public discussions

5.4 Further Analyses on the Public Discourses around Wu Ying Case and Other Judicial Cases

GENERAL CONCLUSION

参考文献