英语国家社会与文化选择题

2024-08-03

英语国家社会与文化选择题（共6篇）

篇1：英语国家社会与文化选择题

Chapter One

Land and People Exercises Ⅰ.Choose the correct answer from each of the following 1.The north and west of Britain are mainly ____.(D)

A.level land

B.farmland

C.lowlands

D.highlands 2.The North Atlantic Drift passes the ____ coast of the British Isles and warms them.(A)

A.western

B.eastern

C.northern

D.southern 3.The most important river in Britain is ____ which is 336 kilometers long.(B)

A.the Severn River

B.the Thames River

C.River Clyde

D.the Tweed 4.____ is the capital of Scotland(B)

A.London

B.Edinburgh

C.Cardiff

D.Belfast 5.The skill of iron-working was introduced into Britain by _____.(A)

A.the Celts

B.the Normans

C.the Romans

D.the Viking Danes

6.What is not an influencing factor that helps give Britain a maritime type of climate?(D)

A.the surrounding water

B.the prevailing southeast winds

C.the North Atlantic Drift

D.the heavy rainfalls 7.The earliest written records of Britain’s inhabitants came from ____.(C)

A.the Celts

B.the Normans

C.The Romans

D.the Germans

8.The people who consider themselves as the true Scots are ____.(B)

A.the Scottish lowlanders

B.the Scottish highlanders

C.the Gaelic-speakers

D.the descendents of Jutes 9.The ancestors of the Welsh are ____.(A)

A.the Celts

B.the Angles

C.the Romans

D.the Normans 10.In the sixteenth century, the event that worsened the situation in Ireland was_____(B)

A.the Orange Day celebrations

B.the Protestant Reformation

C.the “dirty protest”

D.the Women’s Peace Movement

11.England became a Protestant country in __.(B)

A.the 14th century

B.the 16th century

C.the 15th century

D.the 17th century 12.The person who crushed various rebellions in Ireland and settled English and Scottish Protestants there by giving them land was_____.(A)

A.Oliver Cromwell

B.King Charles Ⅰ

C.William Ⅲ

D.William the Conqueror 13.Which of the following is not considered a characteristic of the Englishman?(D)

A.reserved

B.shy of strangers

C.suspicious

D.tough

Chapter Two

English History

Exercises Ⅰ.Choose the Correct Answer From Each of the Following.1.In the year 1066, William the Conqueror invaded England from France, defeating the Saxon king Harold at___.(C)

A.the Battle of Crecy

B.the Battle of Agincourt

C.the Battle of Hastings

D.the Battle of waterloo

2.One of the following did not take place during the Middle Ages.It was ___.(D)

A.the Norman Conquest

B.the Crusades

C.the Hundred Years War

D.the “Gunpowder Plot ”

3.For much of the Middle Ages, Britain was ruled by a(n)___ aristocracy.(C)

A.English-speaking

B.German-speaking

C.French-speaking

D.Gaelic-speaking

4.Shakespeare lived in the period of ____.(D)

A.the Middle Ages

B.the Victorian Age

C.the Elizabethan age

D.The Industrial Revolution 5.The defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English navy took place during ___.(C)

A.the Middle Ages

B.the “grab for Africa”

C.the Elizabethan age

D.The Victorian age

6.The “Gunpowder Plot” took place in the reign of ___.(A)

A.JamesⅠ

B.ElizabethⅠ

C.HenryⅧ

D.CharlesⅠ

7.The king who believed the “Divine Right” to govern, and who was condemned to death during the English Civil War was___.(C)

A.HenryⅧ

B.JamesⅠ

C.CharlesⅠ

D.JamesⅡ

8.One of the following did not take place during the eighteenth century in British history.It was___.(D)

A.great victories over France

B.the Industrial Revolution

C.the loss of her American colonies

D.the founding of the modern police force

9.During the whole of the eighteenth century, England’s great enemy was___.(B)

A.Spain

B.France

C.America

D.Germany 10.One of the following did not take place between the two world wars in British history.It was ___.(A)

A.the “suffragette” movement

B.the independence of the southern part of Ireland

C.the great “slump”

D.the General Strike

British Government System

Exercises

Ⅰ.Choose the correct answer from each of the following:

1.Which of the following is the Act that restricted the powers of the Lords in dealing with money?(B)

A.The Parliament Act of 1901

B.The Parliament Act of 1911

C.The Bills of Rights in 1689

D.The Act of Settlement in 1701 2.Which of the following is not a part of the Conventions of the constitution?(C)

A.The powers of the Crown are exercised mainly by Ministers

B.The Queen must act on the advice of Ministers

C.MPs enjoy freedom of speech in debate

D.Ministers are responsible to Parliament for their actions.3.Which of the following sentences is true?(D)

A.The two big parties have been successful in expanding their powers over recent years.B.The strength of the big parties remains unchanged

C.Members of the two big parties no longer dominate parliament.D.The two big parties have declined over the recent years.4.According to the text, which of the following is the most important privilege enjoyed by MPs?(A)

A.Freedom of speech in Parliament.B.High social status.C.High living standards

D.Involvement in law-making

ChapterⅤ

Religion and Belief

Exercises Ⅰ.Choose the Correct Answer From Each of the Following 1.The Church of England is “established” in _______.(D)

A.the whole of Britain

B.England and Scotland

C.England and Wales

D.England only 2.The Church of Scotland is organization is ______.(A)

A.Presbyterian

B.Methodist

C.Congregational

D.Baptist 3.Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Puritans?(D)

A.They are strict teetotallers.B.They believe in plain food and plain clothing

C.They are honest

D.They approve of working on the Sabbath 4.The supreme holy authority of the Roman Catholic Church is ________.(B)

A.the Bible

B.the Pope in Rome

C.the king

D.Jesus Christ 5.The Puritans form “temperance societies” to ______.(C)

A.protect the Sabbath against sacrilege

B.purify the English society

C.combat the evils of strong drink

D.celebrate the Lord’s Day

6.The Puritans were originally an extreme _____ sect.(A)

A.Protestant

B.Jewish

C.Catholic

D.Christian Scientist

7.The only non-Christian religion that is widespread in Britain is that of _____.(A)

A.the Jews

B.the Buddhists

C.the Muslims

D.the Spiritualists 8.Which of the following statements is not true about the religion in Britain?(B)

A.Today only a minority of people go to any kind of Church regularly

B.Today the church-goers are immoral in one way or another

C.Most of the large majority who do not go to Church still believe in God and Heaven in a confused way.D.It is most uncommon for a Britain to be converted to Muslim or Buddhist faith.

篇2：英语国家社会与文化选择题

节日

 蒙特利尔爵士音乐节

世界上最有名的国际爵士音乐节之一。1978年加拿大一名狂热的音乐爱好者Alain Simard基于“把全美国最好的爵士音乐家齐聚蒙特利尔”的梦想，向政府提交了申请书，但直到1980年，第一届蒙特利尔爵士音乐节才在各方的资助下正式拉开了帷幕。开办20 多年来，蒙特利尔爵士音乐节已经逐步超脱了音乐演出的单纯意义，成为一个音乐交流的巨大舞台和加拿大最具影响力的国家盛事之一。进入21世纪以后，每年的蒙特利尔爵士音乐节都会邀请两千位著名乐手为乐迷们献上异彩纷呈的音乐大餐，更会吸引超过150万的参观者慕名而来。2011年，蒙特利尔爵士音乐节被评为加拿大魁北克最重要的十五件大事之一，更被《Jazztime Magazine》的读者选为“最好的爵士音乐节”。

每年的蒙特利尔爵士音乐节是一场音乐盛会，音乐爱好者们可以尽情享受艺术家们带来的听觉震撼。

 堪培拉气球节

每年4月历时2周的热气球节（Canberra Balloon Fiesta）吸引了世界各地的热气球爱好者。全世界的热气球掌舵手和队员们都来到堪培拉参加这一盛事。

热气球从旧国会大厦的前院出发后集中在以堪培拉标志性景点作为背景的指定区域。这些姿态优雅的大家伙慢慢膨胀为形状各异，大小不同冰代表各个国家的巨型气球漂浮在黎明的天空中，你的眼前将是一个五彩缤纷，热闹非凡，充满激情的美丽世界。

 感恩节

每年11月的第四个星期四是感恩节（Thanksgiving Day）.感恩节是美国人民独创的一个古老节日，也是美国合家欢聚的节日，因此美国人提起感恩节总是倍感亲切。感恩节的由来要一直追溯到美国历史的发端。美洲大陆上的移民在当地心

地善良的印第安人的热心帮助下，度过了极寒交迫的冬天，印第安人传授农作技术与经验，送去生活必需品，移民们欢庆丰收的日子，按照宗教传统习俗，移民规定了感谢上帝的日子，并决定为感谢印第安人的真诚帮助，邀请他们一同庆祝节日。1983年，美国总统林肯宣布每年十一月的第四个星期日为感恩节。

如今感恩节文化传播全球，中国人民也喜欢在感恩节前后对亲朋好友送去真诚衷心的感谢，因为中国文化中也有滴水之恩涌泉相报的传统。

文字

中国汉字历史悠久，博大精深，作为世界上最著名的象形文字，汉字随着华夏文明的繁衍发展而源远流长。汉字不同于世界上任何一种文字，汉字的发展历经了几千年的演变，表现形式多种多样，表达意义精彩纷呈。中国作为世界四大文明古国之一，是世界上唯一没有中断过的古老文明，因而汉字也是延续不断的发展演变，汉字文化也是中华文化中不可或缺的一部分。

汉字较世界上其他字母文字有着独特神秘的魅力，汉字是世界上唯一一种可以以艺术形式表现的文字，书法在汉字表达中有着无与伦比的艺术感，并且汉字书法种类繁多，样式精彩，派别众多。从秦始皇的小篆到汉赋的隶书，再到唐诗宋词的楷书，元曲中的行书，草书，狂草等等，更涌现出王羲之，柳公权，颜真卿等名流千古的书法家。历史上的每一个封建王朝都有着主流的汉字书法，也有着主流的汉字文学表达形式，春秋战国的散文，楚辞汉赋，唐诗宋词元曲，明清小说等，再到现代民主社会的百花齐放，百鸟争鸣，汉字文学艺术一直在传承与发展，从未间断。

中华民族历经无数艰难险阻，无数天灾磨难，依旧顽强不屈地伫立世界的东方，其中汉字功不可没。方方正正的汉字，中华儿女正直勇敢，正因为汉字给予了无穷的归属感和凝聚力，中华儿女在面对困难时可以团结一致万众一心克服磨难战胜困难，展现出中华民族强大的凝聚力。

篇3：英语国家社会与文化选择题

我国新一轮教育课程改革强调教学理念和学习方式的转变与创新。教学过程中要转变过于强调接受式学习、死记硬背、机械训练的现状, 要倡导学生主动参与、乐于研究、勤于动手, 成为课堂的真正主角。同伴互评可以帮助学生在学习环境中与他的学习伙伴之间产生一种相互学习的氛围, 并且充分开发学生们的创造力和学习意识, 不断增强学生学习的自主性。正如Sally Brown所描述的那样, “当这一系统处于最佳运行状态, 在学生身上产生的效果也可最大化, 可以帮助学生了解他们做得怎么样, 还有怎样的发展空间。这也可以让全体教员和他们的学生了解所做的一切以及暗示他们前进的方向”。

一同伴评价的概念和意义

Ramsden提出, 所谓的“评价”, 是帮助学生学习的一种方式, 它可以有效地记录学生的学习状况, 是教学方法改进的必由之路。同伴评价是指在评价时利用同伴————————————————————————的力量, 在与同伴互动的过程中, 发挥互助合作与知识共享的精神, 通过观察、模仿、评价同学的作品, 实现学习目的的一种评价方式。在同伴评价的过程中充分发挥学生的能动性, 培养他们的学习能力、创新思维和批判能力, 并希望以此促进整个课堂教学的效果。同伴评价对于学生来说是一种影响力极大的评估方法。它可以激励学生们不断努力前行, 因为他们会受到同龄人之间的相互影响和反馈作用, 而且这种反馈速度很快, 效率很高。为了提高学习效率, 学生需要知道他们在学习方面, 尤其是方法上的是非对错, 并加以改正和提高。

在同伴评价过程中, 被评价的对象要静心倾听他人对自己的评价, 不管对同伴评价的内容是否认同, 都不得在此时发表言论, 以便评价者能畅所欲言、大胆评价。学生倾听他人评价的过程本身就是一个受教育的过程, 如果评价意见是赞扬性的, 可以增强学生的成功体验, 强化学生的研究兴趣;而批评性的意见则可以帮助学生在今后类似情境中加以改进。对不能认同的批评性意见, 静心倾听本身就是对学生人格、心理耐挫力、人际合作意见和能力的一种训练。同伴评价就是一个具体化的会影响个人发展的体系。评估方法的使用与选择和特定评估服务对象之间的完美结合是至关重要的。同伴评价可以刺激学生产生学习的动机并大幅提升学习的最终效果。

借助同伴评价, 学生可以参与并深入了解好学生的标准, 充分利用评估系统, 提高学习自主性。学生不但可以参与进来, 而且还可以提高自己对学习的责任意识, 主动学习。如果学生想在学习上和自己的同龄人一比高下, 他就会把这个评估方法看作是学习的一部分。这样一来, 他们就会学得更好。他们不再会仅仅满足于完成篇章课文的阅读, 而是扩大自己知识的广度和深度, 再也不是肤浅的了解。同样, 这一系统应用以后, 学生会向更高层面的知识领域共同努力发展并且营造一种社会所需的团结合作氛围。

Mendonca和Johnson两位研究者在1994年就发现大多数学生对这一方法还是感到满意的。事实上, 学生此刻迫切需要的, 莫过于老师的评价, 因为这是追求自我提升的一种办法。通过对篇章结构乃至句子的理解和翻译, 老师对学生的学习情况可以进行一系列的评估, 并且给予反馈。结果, 老师们会发现学生只是成了自己的“独家听众”, 学生也只会循环往复地依赖着老师的评价用同一种思维方式考虑问题。这倒是符合某种特定规则, 但会使得学习变得单调乏味, 让学生对学习感到厌倦。最终, 学生会丧失学习的热情, 并且产生学习英语“难于上青天”的想法。在这样的情况下, 学生不可能开拓思路, 从别的层面去思考问题。他们也不想有这样的学习方法。

实际上, 学生们最在意的是他们如何才能获得同龄人的仰慕与赞叹。通过同龄人之间的相互比较, 他们会加深对学习目标和动机的认识。通常情况下, 学生们也会在学习上相互攀比, 这可以帮助学生学得更好, 成为终生学习者, 而不是单纯的收听者。

二同伴评价在英语国家社会与文化课程教学中的成效

学生的学习方法和动机在很大程度上是受老师的教学方法和评价方法所影响的 (Ramsden, 2003) 。英语国家社会与文化课程教学的目的是以全方位的视角培养学习者对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性, 培养学生的跨文化交际能力。这样, 在他们将来的学习、事业和社交活动中, 学生就可以与他人交往自如。通过运用同伴评价的方法, 学生开始深入地理解贯通英美国家的历史、文化及发展, 并能正确地进行跨文化交际, 而不是艰难地识背课文中的文化知识。

首先, 同伴评价转换了学生在教学活动中的角色, 从被动的接受者转变为自主的学习者。主动学习是指在学习过程中, 学生表现出的自觉性、积极性、独立性特征的总和。从广义上讲, 主动学习指的是一种方法, 要求学习者通过积极参与学习活动为自己的学习负责。在这种方法中, 学生可以通过整合分析来推动自己的高阶逻辑思维能力, 建立综合评价, 检验和修正自己的知识。为了提供一个更准确和更快的评价, 评价人员会主动完成学习任务。他们肩负着责任去给自己的同伴做出有价值的反馈和评价, 为了不在同伴面前失了面子, 他们会自主地学习以便做好充分的准备, 吸收更多的信息。虽然教师评价更多的是语法的正确, 仅代表了老师的意见, 在内容上是单调的和有限的。学生需要知道他们做错了什么, 什么地方做得不到位, 或是否有其他的方式可以进行提升。而同伴互评正好可以弥补老师评价的不足。通过互评, 学生也将更明确自己的学习目标和动机是什么。

其次, 同伴评价驱动了学习动机。所谓学习动机包含了学习的目标及努力去实现目标的需求。这就是所谓的“想学”。评估应激励学生努力朝着明确的学习目标发展, 发挥积极作用, 引导学习。对于大多数中国学生而言英语国家文化的掌握和运用是很困难的。连续且乏味地输送语言点和成绩第一的观念使学生失去了学习的兴趣和动机。面对期末大量的笔试内容, 学生会产生各种消极的情绪, 如恐慌和焦虑, 考试带来的压力使学生的成绩低下, 进而有继续影响学生的学习动力。同伴评价, 从这个意义上说, 确实是行之有效的。在这个过程中, 学生可以真正运用自己所学的学科知识和技能, 并且以他们的方式可以很容易地理解彼此的想法。尤其是在中国学习英语, 当学生发现很难学好, 很难记住知识点语言点时, 学生可以通过同伴及时、详细的评价来提高自己的记忆。

最后, 同伴互评可以促进学生的深度学习。深入学习的策略在于学生要理解任务的意义和满足好奇心。学生能用更长的学习时间, 从文本和网站等媒介中进行学习, 做详细的笔记, 而不是仅仅完成作业任务。例如学生在学习英国的dragon文化时, 为了能正确地给同伴做出评价, 他们查阅大量资料, 知道了英国人是不会有中国的“望子成龙”这种表达的, 因为“龙”在其看来是邪恶的。此时, 学生不再只是从文字的表面来进行文化交流。

三结论

在教学的过程中, 同伴评价的应用是有益的, 也是有效的。首先, 它能更加公平公正地评价一个学生, 打破了传统的评价方法。其次, 它促使学生提高了跨文化交流的能力。如果学生取得了一些进展, 他们会变得更有兴趣学习英语, 这将有助于他们实现更多的学习目标。第三, 变得自信起来, 因为学生成了领导者和同伴评价的主角。并且学生可以利用原有的认知结构和批判性分析的新思路, 使众多的已知概念和知识联系起来。Race (2001) 提出同伴互评可以有效地推动学生的深入学习。当他们厌倦了听老师讲, 他们可以自己作为学习主体, 参与学习活动。这会给他们放松学习和获取知识的兴奋感, 有助于他们的进步。在互评中, 学生有机会观察他们的同龄人学习的整个过程, 它能帮助学生更深入地学习, 能够让学生更好地认识到自己的优点和缺点。我们需要高素质的人才, 但不是贴着“高学历”标签的人。同伴评价比学习技能更讲求个人素养的发展, 这是一个完全可行的有效学习方法。

参考文献

[1]邓郦鸣、岑粤.同伴互评反馈机制对中国学生二语写作能力发展的功效研究[J].外语教学, 2010 (1)

[2]张新颖.口语活动同伴互评的个案研究[J].海外英语, 2013 (11)

篇4：英语国家社会与文化选择题

【关键词】项目教学英语学习英语授课英语国家社会与文化

一、《英语国家社会与文化》课程特点

英语国家社会与文化，是英语专业学生必修的一门重点文化课程。

在英美文化概况的学习和教学过程中，我先后使用了三本教材，分别是余志远主编的《英语国家概况》、朱永涛编著的《英美文化基础教程》和刘黛琳主编的《（致用英语系列教材）英语国家概况》。在这些教材的学习和使用中，我个人尝试了很多学习方法，通读整个课本内容，泛泛地了解相关的一些内容；分板块地整理相关的内容，有目的地学习相关内容；通过细化内容，重点了解部分内容等。这些学习的方法同时也对我在教学过程中的备课起到了很大的帮助和梳理作用。

通过这几本教材的使用以及在教学中的经验，我深感使学生能有效地掌握英美文化，了解西方国家情况等知识，仅仅依靠老师上课填鸭式的灌输或者学生学习这门课程的目标如果仅仅是定位为通过考试是远远不够且毫无意义的。这门课程的重点应该是为英语专业的学生在英语学习过程中增加英语国家及文化背景知识，提升英语学习能力，增强英语学习的兴趣。因此如何提高学生的积极性，增加学生自身能动性，是我们在教学中一直探索的一项重要工作。

二、项目教学特色

在我院英语专业学生《英美文化概况》课程的教学和学习中，我们也曾尝试不同的教学方式，在这个过程中我们大胆地进行尝试，把语言学习与项目教学模式进行了结合和尝试。所谓项目教学，即把学习内容根据不同的类别分为不同的版块，把学生分为小组。每个小组分担一个版块任务，课下进行小组互助学习，总结相关内容，然后课上进行学习成果展示和分享。

三、项目教学与《英语国家社会与文化》课程的结合

在实际教学过程中，由于英美文化是一个非常宽泛的话题，要了解的知识不仅多而且杂，因此如何分版块进行小组学习，如何分布主次，划分不同部分花费的时间量的问题也随之变得非常重要。我个人认为，在英美文化的学习中，如果按照国家分类，英国和美国是两个重点学习内容，因此，在版块设置中可以侧重这两个国家的内容学习。其中又以国家历史、文学及宗教问题为重点和难点。以英国为例，学生如果了解英国的国家历史、相关文学特点、宗教对国家和社会的影响及其所起的作用，那么英国这个国家在学生的脑海里就会形成一个完整牢固的框架，为学生课下在相关方面的自主学习打下良好的基础。

在这样的情况下，我认为在实际教学过程中，将课程内容和项目教学结合的学习版块可以分列如下：

1.英国国家概况

在这个大板块下，可以再分出英国国家民族构成、英国历史、英国文学、宗教特色等几大板块，就每一个板块可以分给各个小组一个相关的任务，课下小组成员互相协作收集相关信息，最后整理成完整的报告在课堂上与其他小组分享自己的板块内容和相关的知识。英国国家社会与文化的重点版块可以大致分为两大方向：历史与文学。通过历史与文学再细化小组项目内容，从而不仅了解了历史与文学，同时穿插了解了英国的宗教特色，以此帮助学生更好地了解英国这个古老国家的历史人文特色。

每个小组分到相关的任务后，就其内容进行小组学习和整理，然后课堂展示后，可以就他们整理的重点内容出三五个小题，可以是选择题、填空题或者是简单题，这样可以帮助同学们回忆其中的相关知识同时也帮助大家更加深刻地理解该小组的内容重点。

2.美国国家概况

美国是一个比较年轻的国家，但它在当今世界无论是经济水平，还是科学技术都遥遥领先，影响力也很大。然而许多同学对美国的了解都是从影视资料中来的，这些了解有些是片面的，有些甚至是只知其一不知其二的，因此美国国家概况的学习对同学们了解美国及美国社会是非常重要的，因此在版块的划分上要注意把握大体方向。根据这一想法，美国国家的小组学习可以分为以下几个方向和内容：美国历史，政治制度，美国文学等。

通过以上内容的学习，以及各小组的内容回顾及自我检测，学生对美国国家的情况会有一个全面深入的了解，也为学生更好地理解中西方文化差异打下基础。

3.对其他英语国家的简单了解

在英语国家社会与文化的学习中，重点学习了英国和美国这两个国家的各个方面的知识后，学生对西方文化已经有了一个初步概况的了解，这为今后学习了解其他相关英语国家的情况打下了良好的基础。我们这个课程不可能将所有的英语国家的情况逐一向学生介绍和学习，因此对主要国家和文化学习了解后，如果课时允许，可由教师指导分小组再做一些其他国家特色的小组项目学习活动，比如，加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等国家。

四、小结

篇5：英语国家社会与文化选择题

American Indians , who were mistakenly called by Columbus, moved to the

Americas from Asia about 25 000 years ago.They developed their own aboriginal cultures and some of them such as the Aztecs, the Incas and the mayas were very advanced when Europeans arrived in the New World.But, as a result of European conquest, the Indian population was quickly reduced and their cultures were ruthlessly destroyed.2.the Declaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and was adopted by the Congresson July 4,1776, when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for

their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule.The document

declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.It also explained the philosophy of governments:the powers of governments came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governmemts was to secure the rights mentioned above.The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from John Locke.3.Ggeorge Washington

George Washington was one of the founding fathers of the American Republic.He was the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army in the War of Independence against the British colonial rule and the first President of the United States.4.Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson was one of the founding fathers of the American Republic He was the chief author of the Declaration of Independence and the third President of the United States.5.Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin was one of the founding fathers of the American Republic.He participated in writing the Declaration of Independence and making the U.S.Constitution.6.the Articles of Confederation

After the War of Independence was won, the new nation of the United States was organized under the agreement of the Articles of Confederation with a weak national

government called the Congress.Each state had its own government, made its own laws and handle its internal affairs.The states did not cooperate with the Congress and with each other.The Congress had no power to force anystate to contribute money to the national government and the Congress could not tax any citizen either.As a ressult,the Articles of Confederation failed.7.the Bill of Rights

The Bill of Rights consssists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791.The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.8.Eli Whitney

Eli Whitney is an American inventor who invented the cotton gin, which made

removing the seeds from the bolls of cotton much easier.He also began manufacuring rifles with machinery, using interchanageable part.This contributed to the American system of mass

production.9.service industries

Service industries are industries that sell a service rather than make a product.Service industries range from banking to telecommunications to the provision of meals in restaurants.Aas more and more people are employed iin service industries in the US, it is sometimed said that the US has moved into a “post-industrial era “.10.stock

When starting or expanding business, corporations need to borrow money.They may issue stocks for people to buy.When people buy stock, they become part owner of the company.If the company makes a profit, they receive a share of it.Likewise, if the company loses money, the stockholders will not make a profit or the value of their shares will drop---they lose money.Therefore buying s tock is a risk.11.Mattin Luther Ling,Jr

Martin Luther King,Jr.,an Atlanta-born Baptist minister, was the leader of the

Southern Christian Leadership Conference during the civil rights movement of the 1960s.To promote his philosophy of nonviolent protest against segregationand other kindds of social injustice, King organized a series of “marches”.King delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” speech.Due to his strong belief in nonviolent peaceful protest, King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.He was assassinated in the city of Memphis in April 1968.12.Counter Culture

In the wake of the Free Speech Movement and the New Left appeared a

phenomenon that historians called the “counter culture.” The Counter Culture rejected capitalism andd other American principles.They had morals different from those taught by their parents.Some groups of youth tried to construct different ways of life.The counter culture exerted a great influence upon people’s attitudes toward social

mores,marriage,career,and success.13.Now:

With the publication of The Feminine Mystique in 1963,Betty Friedan became the chief spokesperson of the Women’s Liberation Movement.In her book,she compared the American family,or the American society as a whole,to a “comfortable concentration camp”,where women were discriminated against and oppressed.In 1996,she helped to found the national Organization for Women(NOW).A reform organization,NOW battle for “equal rights in parnership with men.14.white-collar crimes

White-collar crimes are those committed by higher income groups such as the

crimes of fraud,false advertising,corporate price fixing,bribery,embezzlement,industrial pollution,tax evasion and so on.Yet the statistics provided by the FBI tend to overrlook white-collar crimes.In fact,white-collarcrimes are often ignored by law enforcement agencies.Some sociologists aargue that the higher classes may actually have a higher rate of crime than the lower classes.15.the abuse of power by government

People believe that public organizations in the United States sometimes work in concert to advance their own interests rather than those of the people.Government in America is widely distrusted for the lack of answerability.Americans were convinced that the Johnson and Nixon administrations were deliberately and systematically lying to the people in the war against Vietnam and in the Watergate scandal.The FBI and the CIA are responsible for thousands of illegal acts.All these acts show the abuse of power by government.16.Richard Nixon

Richard Buxib was the former President of the United states… Iin the early 1970s, he was involved in the Watergate scandal, for which he was forced to resign from the presidency.17.the Prairies

The prairie provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba lie east of the Rockies.The prairies are flat and featureless and have a harsh continental climate.They are called the breadbasket of Canada becaussse the land is well-suited to farming, and wheat is one of the biggest agricultural crops in this area.The praairies are also rich in energy resources.18.central Canada

Central Canada, Ontario and Quebec, are the parts of the country that were first settled.They are the industrial heartland of the country and are also the most densely populated provincees.They have the largest cities like Toronto and Montreal.19.The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

The canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which was introduced in 1982, expressed the idea thaat any ethnic, racial and religious groups which wanted to retain their cultural identity would be supported by the federal government.This promise was further strengthened and explained in the 1988 Multiculturalism Act.20.Structures of governmeent

Canada’s systerm of government is based on the British system of parliamentary democracy.Like Britain,Canada is a monarchy.The official head of state is the Queen, but she is represented by an official called a Governor General as she doesn’t live in Canada.Canada is a federation with ten provinces and two territories.The government of the country is referred to as “the federal government”,to distinguish it from the lower level government of each province.21.Immigration Act 1976

The Immigration Act 1976 encouraged Asian immigration, offering passports to those with capital and entrepreneurial skills.Would-be immigrants with more than $250 000(Cdn)to invest in businesses that will create jobs and wealth wer welcomed to settle in Canada.This created a new category of ”entrepreneurial immigrants”.22.The Canadian Mosaic

Canada is a nation of immigrants.When Canada is described as a mosaic, it

meaans that each if the immigrant groups do not have to throw off their oldd customs, languages and traditions, because there is no particular concept of an overarching

Canadian identity..This resembles a mosaic of different cultures which overlap but do not overwhelm each other.23.“the First Nnations”

The First Nations are the native tribes of aboriginal people who lived in Canada before the European explorers settled.They were officially referred to as “the First

Nations”because they are the original inhabitants of the country, and because there is not one single group or culture----there are many”nations”,or tribes, which have different languages,customs and beliefs.24.migrant workers

Many big farms hire temporary workers only for a specific chore---such as picking crops.Many of these seasonal workers travel from farm to farm,staying only until the cropss are picked…They are known as migrant workers.25.Samuel Slater

In 1793,Samuel Slater built the first factory in the United States---a cotton cloth factory in Pawtuckket,Rhode Island.He built the factory from memory, because it was a crime to carry factory plant out of England.The success of his factory started a process of

篇6：英语国家社会与文化选择题

A．安全性 B．营利性 C．动态性 D．刚性 E．适度性 2．民间募集社会保障基金的方式是()。

A．发行福利彩票 B．募捐 C．征收社会保险费 D．直接拨款 E．国际援助 3．社会保障管理的模式有()。

A．集中管理 B．分散管理 C．集散结合的管理 D．平行管理 E．垂直管理 4．按照基金来源分类，社会保障基金可分为()。

A．社会救助基金 B．社会保险基金 C．社会福利基金 D．财政性社会保障基金 E．公共基金 5．工伤保险的原则有()。

A．用人单位不缴费 B．个人造成的责任不补偿 C．个人不缴费 D．无责任补偿 E．风险分担、互助互济 6．社会保险基金的筹资模式有()。

A.国家积累制 B．现收现付制 C．部分基金制 D．基金制 E．预期收付制 7．社会保障水平过低的负面影响包括()。

A.保障公民基本的经济生活水平B．社会保障程度不足 C．不利于社会稳定与发展 D．降低了公民的劳动积极性 E．影响社会运转的效率 8.社会福利与社会保障的区别。()A．保障的对象和标准不同 B．资金来源不同 C．分配原则不同 D．经营主体不同 E．保障提供的物质内容不尽相同 9.失业者享受失业保险的资格条件是()。

A．处于劳动年龄条件 B．自愿失业 C．提出申请 D．满足一定的合格期条件 E．具有劳动能力和就业意愿 10.按照社会福利的保障对象，社会福利可分为()。

A.未成年人福利 B．老年人福利 C．残疾人福利 D．劳动者福利 E．住房福利 11．基金制社会保险基金筹资模式缺点的是()。

A．基金贬值风险较大 B．基金营运存在风险 C．互济性较弱 D．难以应付人口老龄化挑战 E．可能诱发代际之间的矛盾 12.我国社会保障管理当前面临的主要问题是()。

A．缺乏统一管理 B．政事不分 C．责权不明确 D．企业社会负担过重 E．管理人员素质较低 13.工伤保险的给付原则是()。

A．无责任补偿原则 B．雇主责任补偿原则 C．风险分担、互助互济原则 D．雇主过失补偿原则 E．个人不缴费原则 14.与其他社会保障制度相比，社会救助制度的特殊性表现在()。

A．义务的单向性 B．目的的明确性 C．目标的低层次性 D．手段的多样性 E．对象的限制性 15.我国社会福利制度的内容体系中的老年福利包括()。

A．住房福利政策 B．老年人的物质生活福利 C．老年人的医疗保健 D．老年人的文化服务设施 E．职工福利 16.社会保险的特点包括()。

A．强制性 B．补偿性 C．普遍性 D．互助互济性 E．营利性 17．社会保险基金现收现付制筹资模式的局限性是()。

A．受通货膨胀的影响较大 B．难以应付人口老龄化的挑战 C．制度建立困难 D．保险费给付不及时 E．可能诱发代际之间的矛盾 18．生育保险的基本内容一般包括()。

A．产假 B．生育津贴 C．医疗服务 D．社会服务 E．医疗保健 19.安置制度所包括的对象主要有()。

A．退伍义务兵 B．复员军人 C．军队离退休干部 D．转业志愿兵 E．军属 20.构成我国住房保障主体的是()。

A．商品房 B．廉租房 C．经济适用房 D．小产权房 E．自建房 21．下列关于制约社会保障水平的因素说法正确的是()。