高考英语篇章结构题

高考英语篇章结构题（共6篇）

篇1：高考英语篇章结构题

高考英语阅读篇章结构题解题技巧

1. 确定指代关系。最常见的提问方式是：The underlined word “they/it/…” in paragraph… refers to… …

2. 对句子意义或作用的理解。最常见的提问方式是：The sentence “… …” in paragraph … means ….; The example of … … in para….is used to illustrate/show … ….

3. 对段落大意或段落作用的理解。最常见的提问方式是：The last paragraph mainly tell us that … …; The purpose of writing Paragraph … is …. ….

4. 对文章组织结构的理解。最常见的提问方式是：How is the passage organized?;Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?

在上述几类题中考生感觉难做的题是第四类, 这类题是近两年来出现的主要考查议论文结构的命题新方式,且逐步得到语言教育专家们的认可。并逐步推广到对其他文体结构的考查。分析这一类的题我们看出：对文章组织结构的考查不外乎两个层次。一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构，一是按写作方法(论证方法)理解文章的结构。

首先，看看这样考查从段落层次理解文章的结构。这类题经常用到的提问方式是：Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? 常见的段落结构有如下几种情况：

图1表明：①(Paragraph 1)是主题段(提出论题或论点)，②、③段是就同一论据或者问题的同一方面作论述，④用另一论据材料或者从问题的另一方面论述，⑤段是结论段或者是用来重述论题、强调论点的段落。同样我们很容易理解图2、3、4所示的段落结构的意义。

下面具体看看

The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before changes for the better, changes for the worse, changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger .Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.

Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe, it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development. Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.

The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings: in pure science—a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science—a more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.

Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons, Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals.

William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn(纱线), good and ill together. “The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities—science seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war?

72.Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?

理解文章段落结构，我们很容易找到答案A。

接下来再来看看这样从论证方法上考查对议论文结构的理解。掌握了议论文常见的写作方法，我们不难理解议论文的论证过程。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类：

一、Put forward a question →Analyze the question → Solve the question 这就是“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程;

二、Argument/idea → Evidence → conclusion/ restating the idea

这就是“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。

对说明文、夹叙夹议类文章结构的理解，只要我们弄清段落意义和段落之间的关系，很容易理解其结构。看看下面的例题我们也许会得到一些启发。

例1：

I receive a lot of emails every time a column is published in 21st Century. The majority of questions I get are like this: “My English is still very poor, could you please give me some advice?” Since this kind of question is so big and so vague, any answers will be too broad or too general. In fact, asking questions is an art that needs training and practice in itself. And I would like to offer the following tips:

Always contextualize your question. If you really want to ask for advice on something, you need to provide a brief description of how you came up with the question and how you can benefit from asking it. For instance, if you need to improve your English, you need to state the skill area you are in the greatest need of improving, and what difficulties you encounter that cause you so many problems

The second piece of advice is that your question should be focused and specific. By that I mean that you might have a lot of questions, but choose the one that is most important and at the same time the least complicated.

Third, you can practise asking one question in multiple ways. For instance, if you are interested in knowing how you can boost your confidence in speaking, you might consider asking: “I often feel nervous before I ask a question, how can I overcome my anxiety?” “Could you share with me your experience of speaking in front of others?”

Of course, the best way to ask good questions is through the practice of questioning. I highly encourage you to seek opportunities to ask questions. It takes time to be a really good questioner.

How is the text organized?

A.Topic---argument----description

B.Opinion—discussion---explanation

C.Main idea---comparison--- supporting examples

D.Topic ----argument----conclusion

解析：文章一开始就提出本文要讲的中心, 然后进行论述, 最后得出结论。由此,我们不难得出答案是D。

例2：

In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget. But none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant. The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible.

First of all, the job made huge demands on my strength. For ten hours a night, I took boxes that rolled down a metal track and piled them onto a truck. Each box contained twelve heavy bottles of apple juice. I once figured out that I was lifting an average of twelve tons of apple juice every night.

I would not have minded the difficulty of the work so much if the pay had not been so poor. I was paid the lowest wage of that time—two dollars an hour. Because of the low pay, I felt eager to get as much as possible. I usually worked twelve hours a night but did not take home much more than $ 100 a week.

But even more than the low pay, what made me unhappy was the working conditions. During work I was limited to two ten-minute breaks and an unpaid half hour for lunch. Most of my time was spent outside loading trucks with those heavy boxes in near-zero-degree temperatures. The steel floors of the trucks were like ice, which made my feet feel like stone. And after the production line shut down at night and most people left, I had to spend two hours alone cleaning the floor.

I stayed on the job for five months, all the while hating the difficulty of the work, the poor money, and the conditions under which I worked. By the time I left, I was determined never to go back there again.

52.How is the text organized?

A.Topic—Argument—Explanation

B.Opinion—Discussion—Description

C.Main idea—Comparison—Supporting examples

D.Introduction—Supporting examples—Conclusion

解析：这道题考查考生对文章组织结构的理解，把握了文章的脉络，我们不难得出答案：D。

广东高考英语试题题型(讨论稿)中提出把篇章结构作为专门的一节来考查：要求把标有A-F的句子或段落插入到文章中标记的适当位置，使文章意义完整，结构连贯。

做好这一类题，要先理解全文的意义和结构，然后理解段落的意义和结构，分析句与句之间的关系，句与段落的关系。一般说来，文章中空格的地方主要是三类的句子或者段落：一是段落的主题句;二是和段落主题密切相关的细节句;三是段落或句子之间的过渡句/段。所以学会了分析句与句、句与段、段与段之间的关系做这类题并不难。下面我们来具体看一个例题：

阅读下面短文，请将标有A-F的句子或段落插入到文章中标号为71-75的合适位置，使文章意义完整，结构连贯;其中一个段落或句子是多余的。

Some twenty years ago, the performance of girls and boys in class was compared. 71 Now, the situation is reversed (颠倒) with girls consistently doing better than boys.

72 John Dunsford, leader of the association of head teachers of secondary schools, says that the academic failure of boys is a problem which had its roots in society rather than the classroom. Girls, more than boys, see education as a passport to a good job. On the other hand, according to Penny Lewis, a head teacher, young men lack confidence, which they hide with a show of bravado (逞能). They’re uncertain about their place in society. 73

Moreover, boys may learn in a different way from girls, preferring small amounts of work with immediate headlines rather than large projects stretching (延续) into the distance. And education is not seen as “cool”. 74

This is not just a problem in Britain. In a study by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and UNESCO, girls did better than boys at reading at the age of 15 in all 45 countries. The UK ranks ninth out of the 45 countries for reading despite the fact that pupils in the UK spend less time reading than in most other countries. 75

A. So, what has gone wrong with the boys, and what can be done about it?

B. Interestingly, the study suggested that British children read for pleasure more often than those in other countries.

C. Boys scored better in exams, so various measures were introduced to improve the performance of girls, including having single sex girl-only classes.

D. This study can offer a great help to teachers and school leaders in terms of proper education to different people.

E. Some boys grow up in families where there is no male role model to follow.

F. As one contributoe to a BBC website put it, “Girls achieve more at school because they are watching the future while the boys are watching the girls.”

解析：这是一篇说明文。首先通读文章了解文章的中心：全文分析当前在学校女生比男生表现好的原因。文章结构简单明了：首先提出问题，然后分析原因。接下来我们来逐段分析：

第一段提出问题，71空后面说“现在情况颠倒过来了：女生比男生好了”，看了这句话，我们肯定能判断前一句话的大意应该是：先前的情况是男生比女生表现好。那就从选项中去看哪个句子表达的是这个意思。快速浏览A-F选项，我们得到答案C。

第二段分析原因。段首的空格72，应该是一个承上启下的过渡句。浏览选项，我们迅速得到答案A。段尾的73空应该是一个细节句，对前一句具体说明，能够具体说明They’re uncertain about their place in society一句的只有选项E。

第三段进一步分析原因。74空应该是个细节句，详细阐明男生比女生表现差的原因。这里我们不难找到答案F。

第四段说明这种现象的普遍存在。段尾的75空是一个接续前句的细节句。浏览剩余的选项，我们很肯定地找到答案B。

【实战演练练习十三】

Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?

A supporter of co-educational schools would probably say that schools should be like the societies they belong to .In Hong Kong, men and women mix socially on a day-to-day basis .In many fields men are even likely to have female bosses. It is, therefore, desirable that boys and girls grow up together, go to school together, and prepare themselves for a society that does not value sexual separation.

Some would go on to argue further that growing up with members of the opposite sex is important for personal development. Regular contact(接触)can remove the strange ideas about the opposite-sex and lead to more natural relationships. Single-sex conditions are seen as leading to more extreme opinions, and possibly even as encouraging homosexuality(同性恋), though there is no proof that this is the case.

Those who are against coeducation often also fix their attention on the sexual side. Some parents fear that close contact with members of the opposite sex is dangerous for teenagers. They want their children to be attentive to their studies. Such parents feel uncomfortable with modern ways and the free mixing of the sexes.

A stronger argument comes from research into school results. Girls grow up earlier than

boys ,tend to be more orderly and are likely to be better at languages. In a mixed class ,boys who might do well in a single-sex class become discouraged and take on the rule of troublemaker. Certainly in the UK this situation has greatly alarmed (惊动)the government for it to be encouraging co-educational schools to have some single-sex classes. In the UK the best schools are all single-sex, strongly suggesting that co-education is not the best answer. This may, however, not be as simple as it looks. It may simply be that the famous old schools that attract the best students happen to be single-sex, rather than that being single-sex makes them better schools.

72.In the third paragraph, by saying “though there is no proof that this is the case”, the writer means that .

A.students in single-sex schools will certainly become homosexual

B.students in co-educational schools cannot have extreme opinions

C.students in co-educational schools are likely to be homosexual

D.single-sex school conditions may or may not have effects on the students

【实战演练练习十四】

Have you ever had the strange feeling that you were being watched? You turned around and, sure enough, someone was looking right at you!

Parapsychologists (灵学家) say that humans have a natural ability to sense when someone is looking at them. To research whether such a “sixth sense”really exists, Robert Baker, a psychologist(心理学家)at the University of Kentucky, performed two experiments.

In the first one, Baker sat behind unknowing people in public places and stared at the backs of their heads for 5 to 15 minutes. The subjects(受试者)were eating, drinking, reading，studying, watching TV, or working at a computer. Baker made sure that the people could not tell that he was sitting behind them during those periods. Later, when he questioned the subjects, almost all of them said they had no sense that someone was staring at them.

For the second experiment, Baker told the subjects that they would be stared at from time to time from behind a two way mirror in a laboratory setting. The people had to write down when they felt they were being stared at and when they weren’t. Baker found that the subjects were no better at telling when they were stared at and when they weren’t .Baker found that the subjects were no better at telling when they were stared at than if they had just guessed.

Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when they’re being stared at. If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.”

68. The purpose of the two experiments is to .

A. explain when people can have a sixth sense

B. show how people act while being watched in the lab

C. study whether humans can sense when they are stared at

D. prove why humans have a sixth sense

【实战演练练习十五】

阅读下面短文，并将文后标有A-F 的句子(或段落)插入文章中标号为71-75的合适位置，使短文结构完整。其中有一个句子(或段落)是多余的。

She is widely seen as proof that good looks can last forever. But, at nearly 500 years of age, time is catching up with the Mona Lisa.

71

“The thin, wooden panel on which the Mona Lisa is painted in oil has changed shape since experts checked it two years age,” the museum said. 72 .

73 “It is very interesting that when you’re not looking at her, she seems to be smiling, and then you look at her and she stops,” said Professor Margaret Livingstone of Harvard University, “It’s because direct vision is excellent at picking up detail, but less suited to looking at shadows. Da Vinci painted the smile in shadows.”

74 Da Vinci himself loved it so much that he always carried it with him, until it was eventually sold to France’s King Francis I in 1519.

In 1911, the painting was stolen from the Louvre by a former employee, who took it out of the museum hidden under his coat. He said he planned to return it to Italy. The painting was sent back to France two years later.

75

A. Nearly 6 million people go to see the Mona Lisa every year, many attracted by the mystery of her smile.

B. However, the actual history of the Mona Lisa is just as mysterious as the smile.

C. Visitors have notice the changes but repairing the world’s most famous painting is not easy. Experts are not sure about the materials the Italian artist used and their current chemical state.

D. The health of the famous picture, painted by Leonardo Da Vinci in 1905, is getting worse by the year, according to the Louvre Museum where it is housed.

E. The picture is now so valuable that no one can tell its exact price. Therefore, many thieves tried to steal it in any way they could think of.

F. During World War II, French did the painting in small towns to keep it out of the hands of German forces. Like many old ladies, the Mona Lisa has some interesting stories to tell.

篇2：高考英语篇章结构题

高考辅导考试网

(一)掌握技巧：

(1)注意篇章结构，合理布局

开始部分(opening paragraph)——说出文中的要点、核心问题。

正文部分(Body paragraphs)——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。

结尾部分(concluding paragraphs)——对全文的总结和概括。

要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系，内容完整、连贯。

前后呼应，祛除与主题无关的内容.(2)确定主题句

主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头，而后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释，扩展。

写主题句应注意以下几点：

①归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点

②提炼出一句具有概括性的话

③主题句应具有可读性，抓住、吸引读者。

(二)巧用连接词

要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词

表示罗列增加

First, second, third, First, then / next, after that / next, finally For one thing „ for another„, On(the)one hand„on the other hand,Besides / what’s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also, Especially / In particular,表示时间顺序

now, at present, recently,after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in

a few days,at first, in the beginning, to begin with, later, next, finally,immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment form now on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile, till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during,表示解释说明

now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover furthermore, in fact, actually

表示转折关系

but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except(for), instead, of course, after all,表示并列关系

or, and, also, too, not only „ but also, as well as, both„ and, either „or,neither „nor

表示因果关系

because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to„, due to„, therefore, as a result(of), otherwise, so„that, such„that

表示条件关系

as(so)long as, on condition that, if, unless

表示让步关系

though, although, as, even if, even though, whether „or„, however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how(who, what, which, where, when, whom)

表示举例

for example, for instance, such as„, take„ for example

表示比较

be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with(to)„just like, just as,表示目的for this reason， for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,表示强调

in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all,表示概括归纳

篇3：高考英语篇章结构题

一、主述题结构理论介绍

主述题结构理论即TRG理论 (Thema-RhemaGliederung) , 是由布拉格学派语言学家马特修斯 (V.Mathesius) 创立的。他指出, 一般句子都具有信息传递功能 (Mitteilungswert) , 这一功能是由一个句子的两个部分共同实现的:主题和述题。主题是言语的出发点 (Ausgangspunkt der Aussage) , 述题是言语所要表达的核心内容 (Kern der Aussage) 。 (1) 同时, 主述题结构理论也是“分解篇章信息的工具”。 (2) 人们通过对主题和述题及其连接方式的分析, 可以充分了解文章深层信息之间的逻辑关系, 把握作者的行文思路, 从而真正读懂“吃透”德语文章。

那么, 什么是主题, 什么是述题?

主题 (Thema) , 又称“主位”, 与述题 (Rhema) 相对, 指句子的第一个主要构成成分, 是篇章的出发点, 是已知内容, 在信息传递过程中属于最低程度的交际动力。 (3) 充当主题的成分可能跟话题、甚至跟主语重合。如:“Jenny is’t verheiratet.”这句话中, “Jenny”既是话题又是主语。但有时主题不与主语重合, 反而用状语充当主题, 如:“Gestern hat Jenny einen deutschen Roman gekauft.“主题是时间状语”Gestern“ (昨天) , 而主语是“Jenny”。

述题 (Rhema) , 又称“述位”, 与主题相对, 是句子表述的内容和核心, 在信息传递过程中是信息传递动力最强的一部分, 一般表达新信息。 (4) 比如上文提到的例句“Gestern hat Jenny einen deutschen Roman gekauft.“Gestern (昨天) 是已知的, 而昨天做了什么事情———买个一本德语小说———刚开始读者并不知道, 这是本句的述题, 也是本句传递出来的新信息。

19世纪60年代, 语言学家丹尼斯 (F.Dane觢) 通过对主题和述题结构的分析 (5) , 提出了“主题推进模式” (Thematische Progression) 。 (6) 他认为, 主题的设定是作者设置篇章框架结构的手段, 是信息安排的“纲”;述位则是传达新信息的“目”。对于如何以纲带目, 将杂乱的句子串成一篇具有完整连续意义的篇章, 丹尼斯提出了两种连接方式:

1. 线性连接方式 (Lineare Progression) :

第一句的述题是第二句的主题, 第二句的述题又是第三句的主题……以此类推, 信息呈线性连接关系。这种连接方式符合线性逻辑思维, 主题富于变化, 既不会让读者阅读时因为逻辑混乱而疑惑, 又不会使文章显得太单调乏味。 (7) 其主述题结构如下图 (8) :

2. 串联式连接方式 (Durchlaufendes Thema) :

语篇中各句共用一个主题。每一句话都从同一主题出发, 述题从不同角度补充说明主题, 结构简单清晰, 易于理解。 (9) 其主述题结构如下图 (10) :

二、主述题结构理论分析在阅读实践中的应用

在了解了主述题结构的概念及其主要连接方式后, 笔者以大学德语六级模拟考试阅读文章《Ein Besuch im Deutschen Museum》 (11) 为例, 分析TRG理论对德语篇章阅读的实际作用。

这是阅读文章的第一段。学者刘辰诞认为, 篇章主述题结构的安排给文章确定发展框架时, 第一个句子往往揭示了发展中的“纲”或篇章的主题。 (12) 本段第一句的述位揭示了文章的说明对象:德国慕尼黑博物馆, 这正是笔者的主题。

下面笔者分析本段的主述题结构:

这是一个典型的串联式连接方式结构图, 段落的其他句子都围绕第一句的述题 (德国博物馆) , 从不同角度、不同方面介绍德国博物馆的概况。首先, 说明其重要性:它是世界上最重要的科技博物馆之一;其次, 介绍其规模:占地面积达五万平方米 (句 (2) ) ;最后, 用访问量论证其在博物馆界地位的重要性:每年访问量达130万人次 (句 (3) ) 。

作为一篇说明性文章, 在开篇第一段采用串联式连接方式铺设信息是符合一般逻辑思维的说明性文章第一段的主要目的是介绍说明对象的总体情况, 之后段落的每一句都紧扣说明对象、按照一般逻辑顺序描述。如果笔者由总括到具体地介绍德国博物馆的情况, 就会使文章结构简明清晰, 方便读者理解。

下面笔者再分析该阅读文章的末段:

其主述题结构图如下:

需要注意的是, 研究主述题结构不仅有助于读者分析文章的框架信息, 而且对解题很有帮助。如该阅读理解文章的最后一题:

Nach dem Besuch des Deutschen Museums findet man Technik und Naturwissenschaft nicht mehr langweilig und kann sie besser verstehen.

由主述位结构图可以看出, 这个问题是关于句 (2) 和句 (4) 的, 并且问题的表述与句 (2) 和句 (4) 的述位重复:“nicht mehr langweilig”相当于句 (2) 中的“interessant”;“sie besser verstehen”与句 (4) “gut, sie besser zu verstehen”的表述一致。因此本句是对文章内容的正确复述, 选A。

综上所述, 可以得出这样的结论:主述位结构是篇章分析的重要方法。

笔者将主述位结构分析与阅读实践相结合, 总结出以下阅读方法: (1) 标题往往揭示篇章话题, 因此读者在阅读时, 首先要读懂文章标题, 以文章标题为基本点分析各段。以此类推, 德语篇章每段的第一句话往往揭示本段话题, 其余各句都是围绕中心句展开议论或者说明。把握住这个规律, 就能在繁多的信息中快速找到主要信息, 以纲带目, 摸清整个文章框架。这种方法尤其适用于德语说明性和议论性的文章。 (2) 在段落阅读时, 抓住每句话的主题, 弄懂主题推进的方式, 有助于探寻段落各句内在的逻辑关系和段落的框架结构。 (3) 解答关于文章内容的问题时, 可将问题表述与篇章中相应句子的主题、述题相比较, 找到相同点或矛盾点, 从而判断问题表述的正误或者选出最符合文章内容的选项。

篇4：高考英语篇章结构题

英语高考阅读理解题目的设计不外乎四大类：细节理解类，细节推断类，词义猜测类和篇章结构类。其中细节理解类题目，考生只需要从文章中找到信息点，只要能读懂，就能得分。细节推断类则需要考生不但要找到信息点，还要对相关信息进行比对，综合考虑该信息点所暗含的意思，然后做出合理判断从而得分。词义猜测类与上两类相似，只是细节精确到一个划线词而已。这三类题目的解题关键是耐心和细心，加上一定的语言基础。多数考生在做阅读理解题目时能够理解文章所说的大致意思。但一涉及到整篇文章的框架分析，常觉得很难驾驭。这是因为篇章结构类题目需要的是解构文章框架的能力。相对来讲，这是一种更高级、更综合、更高屋建瓴的阅读能力，从而也成为许多考生阅读理解方面的“瓶颈”。本文将对篇章结构类题目的设题特点、能力要求、解题技巧与阅读能力培养方面进行专门论述，希望对广大考生有所助益。

篇章结构类题目通常包括：询问文章的主旨、段落大意、文体特征、写作意图；选择文章的最佳标题、某一段落的主题句；或者推断该文章前后段落的主题等。常见问题设置形式如下：

1. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

2. What’s the main idea of this passage?

3. What’s the purpose of writing this passage?

4. Where is this passage most likely to appear?

5. Which of the following sentence can be put at the beginning of the second paragraph?

6. What topic will the paragraph before (/behind) this paragraph talk about?

解答篇章结构类题目，要求考生能够正确解构文章框架，从作者的角度出发去体会主题和内容要点之间的逻辑关系，从写作的思维出发去考虑写作的目的与材料的整合和语体的选择。这种对于文章框架的解构能力，要求的正是写作的谋篇布局能力。

写作的谋篇布局能力要求作者根据写作意图合理安排写作素材。作者要能够根据标题合理地展开段落，完成一篇有理有据、有始有终的文章。同时还要根据写作意图对内容素材进行有针对性的取舍与合理的详略安排以及选用恰当的语言风格。

例如：请您以 “Yao Ming”为题写一篇文章，您会写什么呢？应该有姚明其人的家庭背景、教育状况、相貌、生平大事记、成就、名誉等吧。如果题目换成 “Yao Ming’s Achievements” 呢？那就只需要详细列举他在几方面取得的突出成就，写清楚具体的时间地点和荣誉称号以及轰动效应就可以了。若以 “Yao Ming’s dream”为题，就应该从他小时候梦想的形成机缘写起，写到梦想的具体内容和他为实现梦想所做的努力以及他的新的梦想等。同样，如果题目是 “Yao Ming, a model worker”，恐怕还是要对姚明其人进行一些简单的背景介绍，然后重点落在他会被评为全国劳模的原因即他的模范事迹上。

[示例1]：阅读下面一段文章，完成文后的题目。

Everywhere you will always find “the white-haired boy”. He gets special treatment, as if he were above everybody else. You will find him in school, at home, or where you work.

In school, he is the teacher’s pet, her darling who can do nothing wrong. He is always raising his hand, ready with an answer to the teacher’s questions. And he knows all the answers. He “gets into your hair”, especially if you are at the bottom of the class and the teacher thinks you are stupid. How you hate the white-haired boy!

At home, “the white-haired boy” is mother’s choice, her favorite. Sometimes, he is the oldest son——at times, the youngest. If you are in between, you are out of luck.

On the job, you might meet another of these “white-haired boys”; you cannot escape him. For some strange reason, he is the man who always moves ahead. He gets better and better jobs, with more and more money.

Then, you discover that there are others who share your feelings——ready to “let their hair down”——to tell you their private thoughts. One of them asks: “What does he have that I haven’t got?” You ask yourself the same question.

Finally, there comes a day when you decide to stop hating him. Is it perhaps because he has been made boss and you find yourself working for him?

[问题]：Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. Try to Be Attractive

B. Let Their Hair Down

C. The White-haired Boy

D. The Top Student

[解析]：解题时，先仔细分析几个选项。如果A选项作为标题，文章中应该提到为什么要try to be attractive以及如何才能做到attractive，或者某个人在try的过程中遇到的失败或有趣的经历等；如果B选项做标题，文章中应该提到为什么要let their hair down 以及如何才能做到这一点，或者讲一个人通过个人努力或一些非常手段成功了的故事；根据文章看，第一段的主题句是“You will find the white-haired boy in school, at home, or where you work.”，接下来的三段则分别写in school, at home, 和where you work这三个不同地点the white-haired boy的不同表现，第四、五段写大家对于the white-haired boy的态度以及转变。所以the white-haired boy是个贯穿全文的中心词，而且the white-haired boy指的不是同一个人，而是在不同阶段和不同地点总有这样的人。综上所述，正确答案应该是C。

[示例2]：将下列句子按正确的顺序排列起来，使段落逻辑通顺、行文流畅。

①Another way to improve your listening comprehension is to watch English news programs on TV or to listen to English-language radio programs.

②Besides focusing on listening and writing skills, you should also take every opportunity to speak English in and after class.

③I’ve been doing all these things, so I have made great progress in learning English.

④Today, I would like to tell you about different ways to study English.

⑤Secondly, you might want to watch some English-language films, as they make practicing English listening a lot more interesting.

⑥Thirdly, you should work on your writing by keeping a diary in English.

⑦Firstly, you should be sure to read some English newspapers every day.

⑧ For example, you can read articles in China Daily.

[解析]：正确的顺序是：④⑦⑧⑤①⑥②③。其中④是段落的首句，③是尾句，中间部分的⑦⑤⑥几句顺序也是很好确定的。而第⑧句，因为有“for example”这一过渡词，很容易判断出来是跟在某一要点后面作为补充的，又因为句中提到的是报纸阅读，可以判断是跟在“firstly”那一点后面的。第①句中有“another”这一过渡词，又提到听力训练，可以判断是跟在“secondly”那一点后面的。第②句中有“besides”这一过渡词，又提到听力和写作，应该在讲听力的“secondly”和讲写作的“thirdly”之后出现。综上所述，在判断要点的正确 “出场次序”时，过渡词和主题句都起到了举足轻重的作用。

[示例3]： 阅读下列文段，回答文后的问题。

①How can you protect your hearing? ②First and above all, experts suggest turning down the volume and reducing the amount of time you spend listening to music on a portable player. ③A recent poll in the US found that 51% of high school students and 37% of adults have experienced at least one symptom of hearing loss. ④Most students said they used their portable music players for less than an hour at a time. ⑤And 59% of students said they played music at a high volume. ⑥They think, however, that these players are leading to hearing problems. ⑦So, for your own sake, turn down the volume and reduce your time in enjoying portable music as much as possible.

[问题1]：What is purpose of writing this paragraph?

A. To tell us how to protect our hearing.

B. To call on us to turn down the volume when listening to music.

C. To discourage the using of portable players.

D. To show us the results of a recent poll about hearing loss.

[问题2]：What will probably be talked about in the following paragraph?

A. Other dangers of enjoying too much portable music.

B. Other symptoms of hearing loss.

C. Other ways to protect our hearing.

D. More researches about adults’ hearing loss.

[解析]：问题1的答案是A。因为这一段落的主题句就是第①句。这一句提出了问题，后面的句子就是提出解决办法的，并加以事实和数据的论证。最后一句又回扣主题，谈的还是保护听力的问题。

问题2的答案是C。因为在第①句提出了问题之后，第②句的开头用了“first and above all”这样的过渡词，而在这一段的后面没有出现“second, also, besides, in addition”等过渡词，可以判断与之相呼应的过渡词应该出现在下一段。那么下一段应该还是为解决第①句提出的问题服务的，故选C。

篇5：考研英语:阅读理解篇章结构分析

阅读理解题是考研英语的重点，考生在总结解题技巧的同时也应该关注一下阅读理解的篇章结构特点，下面是总结的对阅读理解的几种结构特点，希望能给考生一些帮助。

(一)花开两朵型

文章开始提出两个核心概念，随后分段论述。把握这种文章的关键是注意这两个核心概念的定义，以及它们的区别和联系。这种结构分为两类，一种是两个概念是并列的，另一种是两个概念形成对比，对于后一种文章要注意两个概念之间的区别，以及作者对各自的态度。

(二)现象――解释型

在现象――解释型的文章中，作者在文章开始给出一个现象，相当于提出一个问题，然后对现象进行

解释或分析现象或问题产生的原因，存在的因数以及可能解决方案，作者可能提到几个不同的`解决方案，但是之后作者自己认可的那种解决方案才是文章的重点和主题;在文章最后对现象或问题进行总结说明并进一步强调作者支持的那种解决办法。

(三)层层递进型

全文论述从抽象到具体，从简单到复杂，文章开始是对有关主题的一般介绍，然后一步一步将主题具体化。这类文章的各段开始常出现表示递进关系的副词，如inadditionto，furthermore，moreover等，文章的主题一般可以通过综合各段首句得出。

(四)一枝独秀型

全文围绕一个核心概念展开，文章围绕着这个概念、中心思想或者现象，从各个方面进行分析和解释说明，最后对文章进行总结，并再一次对该概念、中心思想进行阐述。

(五)问题――解决方案型

在这类文章中，作者首先提出一个问题，然后针对这一问题给出解决方案。如果有多个解决方案，作者认可的才是主题。

除了文章结构外，对于报刊杂志体文章时文的一般特点也应有所了解，因为这种文章在考研阅读中占有极大比重。报刊杂志体文章的主要特点有：

1.引人入胜。通常以一个有趣或吸引人的故事或背景开始。

2.抛砖引玉。讲故事或交代背景的目的在于引出主题。所以，时文的主题常出现于首段的最后一句话或第二段的首句。

3.假装客观。作者开始不说出自己的观点，貌似客观地陈述各派观点，最后才表达自己的观点。在确定作者态度的时候，主要根据所举的例子进行判断。如果例子表现一种正面态度，说明作者对这一事物持正评价;反之持负评价。

篇6：高考英语篇章结构题

1.“I _____ his telephone number.” “I have his number, but I ____ to bring my phone book.”

A.forget, forgetB.forgot, forgot

C.forget, forgotD.forgot, forget

— Oh, I ______ where he lives.— Don’t you carry your address book？

No, I ______ to bring it.A.forget, forgetB.forgot, forgot

C.forget, forgotD.forgot, forget

2.I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I _____ too busy.A.wasB.had been

C.would beD.would have been

（1）We had hoped to catch the 10：20 train, but _____ it was gone.A.foundB.had found

C.would findD.would have found

（2）We had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you _____.A.didn’tB.hadn’t

C.needn’tD.would not have

（3）We had wanted to come to see him, but we ____ no time.A.hadB.had had

C.would haveD.would have had

（4）I had expected to come over to see you last night, but someone ______ and I couldn’t get away.A.calledB.had called

C.would call D.would have called

（5）The traffic accident wouldn’t have happened yesterday, but the driver _______ really careless.A.was B.is

C.were D.had been

3.Dear me！Just _____ at the time！I _____ no idea it was so late.A.look, haveB.looking, had

C.look, hadD.looking, have

4.“Your phone number again？ I _____ quite catch it.” “It’s 4331577”

A.didn’t B.couldn’t

C.don’tD.can’t

（1）“Mr Smith isn’t coming tonight.” “ But he _____.”

A.promises B.promised

C.will promise D.had promised

（2）“Hey, look where you are going！” “Oh, I’m terribly sorry._____.”

A.I’m not noticingB.I wasn’t noticing

C.I haven’t noticedD.I don’t notice

（3）“Oh it’s you！I ________ you.” “I’ve had my hair cut.”

A.didn’t realizeB.haven’t realized

C.didn’t recognizeD.don’t recognized

（4）“What’s her new telephone number？” “Oh, I _____.”

A.forgetB.forgot

C.had forgottenD.am forgetting

（5）“Since you’ve agreed to go, why aren’t you getting ready？” “But I ______ that you would have me start at once.”

A.don’t realizeB.didn’t realize

C.hadn’t realizedD.haven’t realized

（6）“It’s twelve o’clock, I think I must be off now.” “Oh, really？ I ______ it at all.”

A.don’t realizeB.haven’t realized

C.didn’t realizeD.hadn’t realized

5.Mr Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether he has finished it.A.has writtenB.wrote

C.had writtenD.was writing

6.He has changed a lot.He _______ not what he _______.A.is, isB.was, was

C.is, wasD.was, is

“What place is it？” “Haven’t you found out we _____ back where we ______？”

A.were, had beenB.have been, are

C.are, wereD.are, had been

7.He is very busy.I don’t know if he _____ or not tomorrow.A.comeB.comes

C.will comeD.is coming

（1）I don’t know if she _____, but if she ____ I will let you know.A.comes, comesB.will come, will come

C.comes, will comeD.will come, comes

（2）“When _____ he come？” “I don’t know, but when he _____, I’ll tell you.”

A.does, comesB.will, will come

C.does, will comeD.will, comes

（3）“When he _____ is not known yet.” “But when he ____, he will be warmly welcomed.”

A.comes, comesB.will come, will come

C.comes, will comeD.will come, comes

8.The bridge, which _____ 1688, needs repairing.A.is dated fromB.was dated from