外贸函电中译英答案（共6篇）
篇1：外贸函电中译英答案
外贸英语函电答案
外贸函电答案
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Keys to the exercises
Unit 2
3.(1)We are one of the leading importers dealing in electronic products in the area, and take this opportunity to approach you in the hope of establishing business relations.(2)We have been engaged in handling importing and exporting of machinery and equipment for many years, and our products have enjoyed great popularity in many countries.(3)We owe your name and address to the Commercial Counselor’s office of our Embassy in Beijing.(4)We are given to understand that you are a manufacturer of daily chemicals.One of our clients intends to buy cosmetics from your country.We will appreciate it highly if you can airmail the catalogue and the price list of your products available at present.(5)For our credit standing, please refer to the Bank of China, Shanghai Branch.Unit 3
2.1.Pease quote us your best price CIF Shanghai, inclusive of our 3% commission.2.Should your price be found competitive, we intend to place with you an order for 300,000 yards of Cotton Cloth.3.One of our customers is now interested in the Qingdao Haier Refrigerator made in your country.Please offer CIF London for 400 sets to be delivered in April.4.To enable you to have a better understanding of our products, we are sending you by air 5 copies of our catalogue and 2 sample books.5.In reply to your enquiry dated April 28, we are now sending you our latest price list for your reference.3．Dear Sirs,We learn from a friend in Shenzhen that you are exporting light industrial products, especially electric appliances.There is a steady demand here for the above-mentioned commodities of high quality at moderate prices.Will you please send us a copy of your catalogue, with details of your prices and terms of payment.We should find it most helpful if you could also supply samples of these goods.Yours faithfully,4.Dear Sirs,RE: Haier Refrigerator
We are in the market for refrigerators.Please send us your latest catalogue and details of your specifications, informing us of your price CIF Guangzhou, please also state your earliest possible delivery date, your terms of payment, and discount for regular purchase.If your prices prove reasonable and satisfactory, we shall soon place a large order with you.Yours faithfully,5.Dear Sirs,We welcome you for your enquiry of May 5 and thank you for your interest in our products.We are enclosing some copies of our illustrated catalogues and a price list giving the details you ask for.Also under separate cover, we are sending you some samples.Please note that payment should be made by irrevocable L/C payable at sight against presentation of shipping documents.We allow a proper discount in view of this first business between us.We await your acceptance by fax.Yours faithfully,Unit 4
2．(1).We are studying the offer and hope that it will keep open till the end of the month.(2).We believe that you will place a large order with us owing to the high quality and reasonable price of our products.(3).We will allow you 10% discount if you purchase 5000 dozens or more.(4).As to terms of payment, we often require a confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit payable by draft at sight.(5).You are cordially invited to take advantage of this attractive offer.We are anticipating a large order from the United States, and that will cause a sharp rise in price.(6).We will send you a firm offer with shipment available in the early May if you order reaches us before March 10.(7).Because there is a brisk demand for the goods, the offer will be open only for 5 days.(8).We are giving you a firm offer, subject to your reply here by 5 p.m.our time, Tuesday, July 10.3.Dear sirs,In reply to your letter of May 5, we are giving you a firm offer, subject to your reply here by 5 p.m.our time, Thursday, October 15, 2008, as follows:
Commodity: Boots for ladies
Specifications: more than 20 assortments with new designs of brown or red colors(detailed in catalogue)
Quality: the leather used is of superior quality
Price: CIF Guangzhou US$ 95 to 300 according to various designs
Payment: Confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit payable by draft at sight to be opened 30 days before the time of shipment.Packing: at the buyer’s option
Shipment: September.Unit 5
3.1).We shall place a trial order with you for 500 sets if you will give us a 5% commission.2).We are working on your Order No.678 at present and please believe that we will effect the
shipment within the time you stipulated.3)Owing to heavy commitments, many orders haven’t been made, we can only accept orders for October shipment.4)Our stock is exhausted and we are not in a position to accept fresh orders.However, we will contact you as soon as new supplies are available.5)Shipment should be made during August to October in three lots, with 100 tons each.4.Dear Sirs:
We are pleased by your prompt reply to our inquiry of July 10, 2008 and now wish to order from you as our Order No.321 enclosed.Yours faithfully,XI’AN INTERNATIONAL
COMMERCE CORPORATION
Tel:2365474 Fax: 654789321
ORDER FORM
Order No.321July 20, 2008
Messrs.JB SIMPSON &CO.LTD.Deansgate Blackpool
Please supply the following items
Description: A: SA-135 Video Recorder
B: VT-462 Video Tape
C: RC-A43 Mini Radio Cassette Recorder
Quantity: A: 1000
B: 1000
C: 5000
Unit Price: FOB Xin Gang inclusive of our 5% commission
A: US$ 600 each
B: US$ 10 each
C: US$ 20 each
Payment: L/C at 90 days’ sight to be opened 30 days before shipment
Package: By standard export cases
Delivery Date: Before the end of August in one/two lots.6.Dear Sirs:
We are pleased to have received your Order by fax dated March 10 for 500 sets of knitting machinery.Thanks.We have immediately contacted the manufacturer.But they refused our request politely since the machines sell well, and there is a great shortage of raw materials and still a large number of orders.After our repeated negotiations, they finally promised to accept the order and to make delivery of 100 sets each month, beginning from next January.We are aware that you are in urgent need of the products, but uncertain whether you will agree on the above delivery date.We are making contact with manufacturers elsewhere and will let you
know as soon as there are any favourable news.Meanwhile, we are enclosing our catalogue covering all the articles available at present.If you are interested in any of the items, please inform us.We will surely give prompt attention to your requirement.Yours faithfully
Unit 8
2.We refer to Contract NO.CT 345 signed on December 1, 2003, under which we decided 5000 M/Ts cotton will be delivered in March, 2004.Up till now we have not heard any news about delivery from you.Our clients are in urgent need for the goods, please see to it that you should deliver the goods within the time stipulated in the contract, or we will have to lodge a claim and reserve the right to cancel the contract.3.We refer to our Purchase Confirmation No.345 for 5000 pieces of “White Rabit” Blanket.We are notifying that we have opened through ** Bank a confirmed, irrevocable Letter of Credit No.789, totaling US $..., the L/C shall remain in force till 31st August.Please see to it that the above mentioned articles should be shipped before the end of August and the goods should be covered insurance for 130% of the invoice value against all risks.We know that according to your usual practice, you insure the goods only at invoice value plus 10%, therefore, the extra premium will be for our account.Please arrange insurance as per our requirements and we await your advice of shipment.Unit 9
1.The survey report indicates that the damage to the carton and goods was due to rough handling in transit, rather than poor packing as you stated.2.The damage was caused by improper packing, such a big and heavy machine should have been fixed and stuffed in export wooden case.3.Upon examination, we found that there was no sign of poor quality and bad handicraft, and that the dye used is excellent.4.Thank you for your acceptance of the wrongly delivered goods.We will give you a discount of 8% on invoice price.Please agree.5.Please let us know by fax whether you may ship the goods before September 15.If not we shall be compelled to cancel the order.Unit 10
6.﹡﹡Co.We have received your Ls/C No…,...and..., in payment f or Contract No.… covering …goods, and found that some stipulations in your Ls/C are not in conformity with that in the relative contract:
7.﹡﹡Co.V HV RECEVIED UR LS/C NO… ,…N … IN PT FR CONTRACT NO… COVERG …GDS N FOUND STIPULATIONS IN LS/C R NOT CONFOMITY WZ CONTRACT.RCVD YR LS/C …,…N…, FR CONTRACT NO….N FOUND FLWG DEISCREPANCIES:
(1)The contract stipulated that the business is done on the basis of net price, with no commission and discount.But in your L/C No.…a commission of 5% is included.THE CONTRACT STUPLATED BIZ DONE NET PRICE BASIS.W/O COMMISSION N DISCOUNT.BUT UR L/C NO… COMMISSION OF 5% INCLUDED.ACDG TO CONTRACT, BIZ ON BASIS OF NET PRC, NO COMM N DISCNT.BUT 5PCT COMM INCLUDED(LISTED)IN UR L/C NO.….(2)As for payment, the contract requires sight L/C, while your three Ls/C all call for times Ls/C.We have specially written you, on May 5, asking you to amend the Ls/C, but haven’t received any news from you up to now.We can’t effect the shipment due to your failure in following the contract and amending the L/C accordingly.AS FR PAYMENT CONTRACT REQUIRES SIGHT L/C WHILE UR LS/C CALL FR TIME LS/C.V’VE WRITTEN MYA5 ASKG U AMEND LS/C BUT NOT RECEIVED NEWS FROM U.CANT EFFECT SHIP DUE TO UR FAILURE IN FOLLOWG CONTRACT N AMENDG L/C ACCORDGLY.ACDG TO CONTRACT, SIGHT LC REQUIRED(NEEDED)BUT ALL YR LS/C R TIMES.V HV INFORMD U OF AMDT TO UR LC.HWEVER U HV NOT DONE.V CAN’T SHP DUE TO YR FAILURE IN FLWG CONTRACT N AMDG LC.At present, fresh orders for …are rushing in and there is a great shortage of stock on the other hand.Therefore, the present prices of all brands are much higher than the contract prices.You are expected to agree on the following purchases prices and immediately amend your Ls/C accordingly so as to make it in accordance with the present prices and the contracted terms of payment.Meanwhile, you should also extend the shipment date and validity to March 30 and April 15 respectively, otherwise, we would not effect shipment.You will be responsible for the consequence.PRESENT FRESH ORDR FR…R RUSHG IN N ZR IS SHORTAGE OF STOCK.THEREFOR ALL BRANDS PRESENT PRICES R HIGHER THAN CONTRACT PRICES.Y R EXPECTED TO AGRREE THE FOLLOWG PURCHASES PRICES N IMMEDIATELY AMEND LS/C ACCORDGLY TO MAKE IT IN ACCORDANCE WZ PRESENT PRICES N CONTRACTED TERMS OF PAYMENT.MEANWHILE EXTEND SHIP DATE N VALIDITY TO MARCH 30 N APRIL 15 RESPECTIVELY.OR V NOT EFFECT SHIP N RESPON FR CONSEQ.MANY ORDRS NOW.STOCK LIMITED, PRESNT PRC MUCH HIGHER THAN THAT IN THE CONTRACT.U SHUD ORDER ON FLWG PRC N AMD UR LC.EXTEND SHPMT TO MAR 30, VALIDITY TO APR 15.OZWS, V CAN’T SHP N U SHUD B RESPONSBL FR CONSEQUENCE.The prices of all the brands are as follows:
ALL BRANDS PRICES R AS FOLLOWS:
PRESNT PRCS AS FLWS:
补充：Unit 7答案1.（1）包装：用能够很好抵御潮湿和震动的适合于长途海运/包裹邮递/空运和多变天气的坚固的新木箱包装。卖方应承担任何因不当包装引起的货物损失和费用，以及因卖方采取不当的保护措施而造成的任何生锈。应在箱中附寄一整套有关的维护和使用说明书。
（2）装运条件：
A在FOB交货条件下：
a应由卖方预定舱位。卖方应在合同中规定装船日期的45天前，用传真或电子邮件的方式通知买方合同的编号、货品、数量、金额、件数、毛重、尺寸和在装运港的待运日期。
b买方或买方的船运代理商应在货轮到达转运港的预期时间的12天前，通知卖方货轮的名称、合同编号、船运代理商的名称。卖方应与船运代理商联系，并安排货物待运。在有必要更换货轮或发生货轮的提前到达或延迟到达，买方或船运代理商应及时通知卖方。
c如果卖方在货轮按时到达装运港的情况下未能备好货物待运，那么卖方应承担一切空仓费和逾期费。
d在货物越过船舷并由装车写下前，卖方承担一切费用和风险。
B在CFR交货条件下
卖方应在合同规定的交货期内将货物由装运港运抵目的港并按合同第12条规定通知装船日期以便买方及时办理保险。
（3）商品检验及索赔：
货物到达目的港后，买方有权申请广州出入境检验检疫局复检。货到目的港90天内，如发现品质、规格或数量/质量与合同、信用证或发票不符时，除属于保险公司或船运公司所负责的外，买方可凭广州出入境检验检疫局出具的品质和数量检验检疫证书向卖方提出索赔（包括复验费），除应向有责任的船运公司和保险公司提出的索赔。
2.(1)Quality/Quantity/Weight Discrepancy and Claim: If the Buyers find the quality and/or quantity/weight of the goods are not in the contract after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination, aside from those losses within the responsibility of the insurance company and/or the shipping company, the Buyers shall have the right to lodge claims against the Sellers on the strength of inspection certificates issued by the inspection organization accepted by both parties.In case of quality discrepancy claim should be filed by the Buyers within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination, while of quantity/weight discrepancy claim should be field by the Buyers within 15 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination.(2)Arbitration: All disputes in connection with this contract or the execution thereof shall be settled by amicable negotiation between two parties.If no settlement can be reached, the case in dispute shall then be submitted for arbitration in the country of defendant in accordance with the arbitration regulations of the arbitration organization of the defendant country.The decision made by the arbitration organization shall be taken as final and binding upon both parties.The arbitration expenses shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the arbitration organization.
篇2：外贸函电中译英答案
21.我公司是该地区电子产品的主要进口商之一。我们借此机会与贵方接洽，希望与贵方建
立贸易关系。
We are one of the leading importers dealing in electronic products in the area and take this opportunity to approach you in the hope of establishing business relations.2.我公司经营机械设备的进出口业务已多年，我们的产品在许多国家享有盛誉。
We have been engaged in handling importing and exporting of machinery and equipment for many years, and our products have enjoyed great popularity in many countries.3.承我国驻北京大使馆商务参赞处介绍，得知你公司的名称、地址。
We owe your name and address to the Commercial Counselor’s office of our Embassy in Beijing.4.我们了解到你们是日用化学品制造商。我们有一客户想要购买贵国化妆品，如能立即航
寄目前所能供之货的目录及价格表，我们将不胜感激。
We are given to understand that you are a manufacturer of daily chemicals.One of our clients intends to buy cosmetics from your country.We will appreciate it highly if you airmail the catalogue and price list ofthe goods available at present.5.有关我们的资信情况，请向中国银行上海分行查询。
For our credit standing, please refer to the Bank of China, Shanghai Branch.Unit
31.请报你方最优惠的上海到岸价，包括我方3%佣金。
Please quote us your best price CIF Shanghai, inclusive of our 3% commission.2.如果你方价格有竞争力的话，我们打算订购30万码棉布。
Should your price be found competitive,we would intend to place with you an order for 300000 yards of Cotton Cloth.3.我方有一家客户对贵国琴岛海尔电冰箱感兴趣，请电开400台伦敦到岸价4月船期的报盘。One of our customers is now interested in the Qingdao Haier Refrigerator made in your country.Please offer CIF London for 400 sets to be delivered in April.4.为了便于你方了解我方的产品，我们立即航寄样品书两份。
To enable you to have a better understanding of our products, we are sending you 2 sample books by air.5.为答复你方4月28日询价，随函寄去我方最新价目单以供参考。
In reply to your enquiry dated April 28, we are now sending you our latest price list for your reference.Unit
41.我方正在仔细研究你方报盘，希望将此盘保留到月底有效。
We are studying the offer and hope that it will keep open till the end ofthe month.2.我方的产品质量好，价格合理，因此相信贵方能大量订货。
We believe that you will place a large order with us owing to the high quality and reasonable price of our products.3.如果你方能订购5000打或5000打以上，我们将给予10%的折扣。
We will allow you 10% discount if you purchase 5000 dozens or more.4.关于支付条件，我们通常要求保兑的、不可撤销的、凭即期汇票支付的信用证。
As to terms of payment, we often require a confirmed, irrevocable L/C payable by draft at sight.5.请接受此难得再有的报盘。最近可望有大笔订单自美国方面来，届时将导致价格猛涨。You are cordially invited to take advantage of this attractive offer.We are anticipating a large order from the USA, and that will cause a sharp rise in price.6.如果3月10日之前收到你方订单，我方将报5月上旬船期的实盘。
We will send you a firm offer with shipment available in the early May if your order reaches us before March,10.7.由于此货需求量甚大，所以该盘有效期不能超过5天。
Because there is a brisk demand for the goods, the offer will be open only for 5 days.8.兹报实盘，以我方时间7月10日星期二下午5时以前复到为有效。
We are giving you a firm offer , subject to your reply here by 5 p.m.our time, Tuesday, July 10.Unit
51.如果你方能给我方5%的佣金，我方将试购500台。
We shall place a trial order with you for 500 sets provided you will give us a 5% commission.2.我们正在执行你方678号订单。请相信我们定将在你方所规定的期限内安排装运。
We are working on your Order No.678 at present and please believe that we will effect the shipment within your stipulated time.3.由于大量承约，许多客户的订货都未发出，因此我们目前只能接受10月船期的订单。Owing to heavy commitments, many orders haven’t been made ,we can only accept orders for October shipment.4.因为存货售罄，我们不能接受新订单。但是一批新货源的到来，我们即去电与你方联系。Our stock is exhausted and we are not in a position to accept fresh orders.However, we will contact you by cable as soon as new supplies are available.5.该货须分三批装出，每月100吨，从8月份开始。
Shipment should be made during August to October in three lots, with 100 tons each.函电
（1）有意订购对方公司的某牌号录像机、录像带、微型收录两用机
（2）数量：录像机 1000台 Video Recorder
录像带 1000盒 Video Tape
微型收录两用机 5000台 Mini Radio Cassette Recorder
（3）价格：FOB新港，包括我方5%佣金Inclusive of our 5% commission
录像机：每台XX美元USD xx each
录像带：每盒XX美元
微型收录两用机：每台XX美元
（3）付款方式：90天期信用证装船前30天开立
L/C at 90 days’ sight to be opened 30 days before shipment
（4）包装：用标准出口箱包装 By standard export cases
（5）交货日期：一批或分二批8月底前交完
Before the end of August in one or two lots.1.你方3月10日订购500台绒线编织机的传真收悉，谢谢。
We are pleased to have received your Order by fax dated March 10 for 500 sets of knitting machinery.Thanks.2.我们已即刻与厂家取得了联系，但由于该货销路甚佳，已接的订货太多，况且原料紧缺，他们婉言拒绝。经过我方再三努力磋商，厂方答应接受订货，从明年1月起每月交100台。
We have immediately contacted the manufacturer.But they refused our request since the machine sells well, and there is a great shortage of raw materials and still a large number of orders.After our repeated negotiations, they finally promised to accept the order and to make delivery of 100 sets each month, beginning from next January.3.我们知道你方急需此货，不知上述交货时间你们是否同意？目前我们正在和其他地方的制造商联系，若有好消息，当即告知。
We are aware that you are in urgent need of the products, but uncertain whether you will agree on the above delivery date.We are making contact with manufacturers elsewhere and will let you know as soon as there are any favourable news.4.与此同时，我们附上我方目前可供货物的目录及价格表供你方参考，如有兴趣请即告知，我们自当迅速办理。
Meanwhile, we are enclosing our catalogue covering all the articles available at present.If you are interested in any of the items, please inform us.We shall surely give prompt attention to your requirement.Unit6
2.(1)品质、数量和重量的异议与索赔：货到目的口岸后，买方如发现货物品质及/或数据/重量与合同规定不符，除属于保险公司及/或船公司的责任外，买方可以凭双方同意的检验机构出具的检验证明向卖方提出异议，品质异议须于货到目的口岸之日起30天内提出，数量/重量异议须于货到目的口岸之日起15天内提出。
Quality/Quantity/&Weight Discrepancy and Claim: If the buyer find the quality and /or quantity/weight of the goods are not in conformity with these stipulated in the contract after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination, aside from those losses within the responsibility of the insurance company and/or the shipping company, the buyer shall have the right to lodge claims against the seller on the strength of inspection certificate issued by the inspection organization
accepted by both parties.In case of quality discrepancy claim should be filed by the buyer within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination.In case of quantity/weight discrepancy claim should be filed by the buyer within 15 days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination.(2)仲裁：凡因执行本合同或与本合同有关事项所发生的一切争执，应由双方通过友好方式协商解决。如果不能取得协议时则在被告国家（地区）根据被告国（地区）仲裁机构的仲裁程序规则进行仲裁。仲裁决定是终局的，对双方具有同等约束力。仲裁费用除非仲裁机构另有决定外，均由败诉一方负担。
Arbitration: All disputes in connection with this contract or the execution thereof shall be settled by amicable negotiation between two parties.If no settlement can be reached, the case in dispute shall then be submitted for arbitration in the country(district)of defendant in accordance with the arbitration regulations of the arbitration organization of the defendant country(district).The decision made by the arbitration organization shall be taken as final and binding upon both parties.The arbitration expenses shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the arbitration organization.Unit7
(1)信用证345号，请修改：
Please amend L/C No.345 as follows:
① 长吨改为公吨
Adjust Long Ton as Metric Ton.② 目的港伦敦改为汉堡
The “Port of Destination”should read“Hamburg”instead of“London”.③展装运期到8月底并允许分运转船
Extend the shipment date of your L/C to “the end of August”, partial shipments and transhipment are allowed.(2)你方信用证3350号，数量与合同不符，总金额相差￡ 75.60，请速改。
Your L/C No.3350 does not conform to the relative contract in quantity, with a difference of ￡75.60.Please amend it as soon as possible.(3)信用证2345号，请来电取消“银行费用由受益人负担”的条款。
Please amend your L/C No.2345 by fax , so as to cancel the clause of “The expenses of the Bank are to be for the beneficiary’s account ”.(4)信用证3346号，金额不足，请按合同增加520磅（请按合同增至3125.00磅）
We have received your L/C No.3346 and found that the amount is insufficient.Please increase by ￡520.00(increase up to￡3125.00)as the contract stipulated.(5)请将你方信用证6789号的船期及有效期分别延展至10月15日及10月30日。
Please extend the shipment date and validity of your L/C No.6789 to October 15 and 30 respectively.Unit9
1.检验报告证明，箱子及货物受损系运输途中粗鲁搬运所致，而不是你们所说的因包装不善引起的。
The survey report indicates that the damage to the carton and goods was due to rough handling in transit, rather than poor packing as you stated.2.损坏是由于包装不良所致，这样又大又重的机器应在出口木箱内定位填塞。
The damage was caused by improper packing，such a big and heavy machine should have been fixed and stuffed in export wooden case.3.经检查，未发现有任何质量低劣或工艺不佳的迹象，所用染料是最优质的。
Upon examination , we found that there was no sign of poor quality and bad handicraft , and that the dye used is excellent.4.你方愿接受错发货物，致谢。我们可按发票减价8%，希望你方同意。
Thank you for your acceptance of the wrongly delivered goods.We will give you a discount of8% on invoice price.Please agree.5.请速传真告知你方9月15日以前能否发货，倘若不能，我方不得不撤销订单。
篇3：外贸函电的文体特征分析
关键词：外贸函电,文体特征分析,语篇特征,语法特征,词汇特征
外贸函电是涉外商务中使用的各种函件的总称, 是进出口业务进展情况的专业性书面纪录, 它以信函为主要形式 (有时兼有传真、电传和电子邮件等形式) , 在外贸业务中起着传递商业信息、陈述商务事实和磋商业务的作用。外贸函电的内容涉及到不同的外贸流程, 主要包括:建立业务关系, 询盘, 报盘, 还盘, 订货, 接受订单, 签约, 包装, 装运, 保险, 付款, 索赔等。从建立业务关系到达成交易、执行合同以及解决因与合同不符而产生的纠纷等都离不开外贸函电的书写。在现代国际贸易过程中, 外贸函电已经成为我国与世界接轨的重要桥梁和纽带, 也是我国高校商务英语专业和外贸专业的必修课程。在长期的外贸实践中, 外贸函电形成了独特的文体特征, 函电写作在保持一定的公文文体的同时, 行文力求简洁, 并追求实用性、注重专业性、增强可读性;其句子和词语在用法上也被打下了深深的行业印记, 并且已经形成了一套较为完整的特有的语言表达形式。文体学是一门运用现代语言学理论和方法研究文体的科学, 是一门研究语言的表达效果的学科。[1]文体学的任务在于观察和描述各类文体的语言特点, 即它们各自语音、词汇、语法与篇章的特点, 目的在于使学习者能更好地了解它们所表达的内容和在恰当的场合使用它们。本文拟以刘杰英主编的《世纪商务英语———函电与单证》[2]中的外贸信函为主要素材, 从其语篇特征、语法特征和词汇特征入手, 分析外贸函电的文体特征。
1 语篇特征
语篇通常是指系列连续句子构成的语言整体, 是比句子更大的语义单位。它是人们运用语言符号进行交往的意义单位, 故可长可短。[1]外贸函电通过文字传递信息和促成交易, 其语篇具有格式规范、结构严谨、逻辑性强、思路清晰等特点。外贸函电的语篇模式规范。一封信函的主要构成要素有:信头、日期、封内地址、称谓、正文、结束语、签名。根据实际情况可添加其他相关内容, 如标题、附录、副本抄送等。外贸信函的格式正规, 通常分为齐头式、缩进式及混合式三种。
外贸函电的语篇结构逻辑合理、意义连贯。所谓逻辑合理, 包括句子结构合理, 段落安排合理, 语篇思维清晰;所谓意义连贯, 即句与句之间语义连贯, 段与段之间内容连贯, 上下文之间思路连贯。以下以一封外贸信函的正文部分为例来说明这一特征。
We thank you for your letter and shall be pleased to enter into business relationships with you.
As requested, we are sending you by another mail our lates catalogues and pricelists of our exports.
If you find business possible, please write to us.
此信函的正文部分短小精悍, 仅有三个句子且每个句子独立成段, 突出了信函语篇结构简洁完整、逻辑严谨的特点。首段开门见山地表明了写信的意图和目的;第二段处理业务, 说明已按对方要求寄出资料;最后一段呼应前文并提出希望或祝愿。
2 语法特征
2.1 常用句型和句式
源于其应用语体的特点, 外贸函电的句型较简单, 主要是陈述句和祈使句;从句式看, 长短句搭配, 使函电的构成错落有致。外贸函电往往强调一事一信, 内容多围绕一根主线展开, 所要表达的多为说明性或规定性的内容, 所以句型大都为陈述句。祈使句多以表示积极意义的礼貌用语“Please”开头, 以使生硬的命令语气变得委婉。短句的运用符合商务交流简洁、清晰及省时的特点, 但为了使意思表达明确细致、防止歧义, 外贸函电语篇中的句子有时偏长, 句子结构相对复杂, 常使用短语、从句来限定说明成分, 形成较冗长的句子。长句适合表达多层次的复杂逻辑关系, 可以充分完整地表达相互关联的意义, 这种效果是短句无法达到的。而且这些长句句式规范, 很少用到虚拟语气、倒装等语法项目;句子精炼, 华丽辞藻较少, 表达有效, 在陈述事物时往往具体、明确, 绝不含糊其辞, 确保了行文的严谨性和表达的客观性。
2.2 适当使用被动语态
在外贸函电中使用被动语态不必说出施为者, 能够起到突出商务信息、提高论述的客观性、少带主观色彩和增强可信度等作用。因此, 被动语态的适当运用符合外贸函电应用语体严肃性和庄重性的需要。有时候在涉及到负面的消息、存在的问题或关系到对方的责任、过失时, 使用被动语态可以避免语言过于直接。试比较以下两个句子:
1) You promised to deliver the goods before 1st May, bu now you have caused us considerable difficulty through the late delivery.
你方本来承诺在5月1日前发出货物, 可由于发货的延误, 你方给我方带来了相当大的困难。
2) The goods were promised to be delivered before 1st May, but now we have been in considerable difficulty through the late delivery.
货物本应按约定在5月1日前发出, 可是如此长时间的延误使我们面临着相当大的困难。
句1使用了主动语态, 直接地表达了对对方的指责和不满, 显得不够委婉得体;而句2使用了被动语态, 把信息的焦点集中在现实存在的问题上, 有意隐去了责任方, 顾及了对方的面子, 以争取对方的合作与支持并及早解决实际问题。
2.3 套语的大量使用
礼貌原则对于外贸函电的写作至关重要。客气、礼貌和委婉的信函直接体现了写信人自身的素质, 有利于树立企业的良好形象;并能为业务双方营造友好的气氛, 有利于建立良好的业务合作关系。在长期的国际商务交流中所形成的一系列言简意赅又表达地道的固定句型和套语, 这些套语对于函电的礼貌得体起着重要的作用。
如表明信息来源的套语:
On the recommendation of……, we know that….由……推荐, 我们得知……
Through the courtesy of……, we come to know that……承蒙…..推荐, 我们得知……
用于信函结尾的套语:
We are looking forward to your early reply.期盼你方早日回信。
We are awaiting your favorable news.等候你方好消息 (佳音) 。
3 词汇特征
3.1 用词严谨
外贸函电是商务运作中双方关于业务往来的通信, 由于这些信函涉及到双方的权利和义务, 很多时候, 函电可以作为解决商务活动争端的法律依据, 所以外贸函电特别注重用词严谨准确, 以确保所传达信息的准确性和规范性。如在询盘函、报盘函, 以及装运函中, 对货物的具体品质、如颜色、尺码、价格、重量的表达必须具体准确, 以免产生不必要的误解和发生不必要的纠纷。外贸函电的遣词造句力求准确、得体、简单明了, 不像文学作品那样, 有华丽的词藻和丰富的修饰语, 也不必使用夸张、比喻等修辞手段。
3.2 用词专业, 术语较多
专业术语是指适用于不同的学科领域或专业的词, 是用来正确表达科学概念的词。为了准确描述商务活动的各个环节以及与此相关的各类单据、协议和合同, 外贸函电中多使用准确无误的商务术语, 使表达精炼和严谨。这些商务术语承载着商务理论和商务实践等方面的信息, 具有国际通用性, 其意义精确单一、无歧义。如Import License, Interest Rate, sightdraft分别指的是进口许可证、年息和即期汇票。需要特别指出的是, 一些普通词汇在外贸领域中可以具有不同的指称意义。例如quote、accommodation的通常含义为引用、住宿, 但在外贸函电中, 它们却有着特殊的含义。见例句:
We hope that you could quote us the lowest price for cotton.
我们希望你方给我们报棉布的最低价。
We should appreciate it if you extend accommodation to us.
如果你方能给予通融, 我方将不胜感激。
另外, 某些专业术语常以约定俗成的、为业内人士所熟知的缩略词形式出现。这些缩略词形式简练, 使用方便。例如:LC (letter of credit) 信用证, D/P (Document against Payment) 付款交单, RSVP (reply if you please) 请答复, ASAP (as soon as possible) 尽快, Cr. (credit) 贷方, f.d (free discharge) 免费卸货。在使用
缩略词时要注意其缩写的统一性和使用规范。
4 结束语
外贸函电是国际商务往来经常使用的联系方式, 是开展对外经济贸易业务和有关商务活动的重要工具。对外贸函电的文体特征的理解和把握, 有利于人们在进行外贸函电的写作时更好地驾驭语言, 以进行更有效和得体的商务交流。
参考文献
[1]秦秀白.英语语体和文体要略[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2002.
[2]刘杰英.世纪商务英语--函电与单证[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社, 2007.
[3]赵银德.外贸函电[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2007.
篇4：浅析《外贸函电》课程教学
摘要：《外贸函电》是一门实践操作性很强的课程，是高校国际贸易专业的必修课。通过分析教学活动的现状，文章结合自身教学实践经历和学院教学改革的目标，探讨《外贸函电》教学的改革。
关键词：外贸函电；教学改革；课程改革；实践教学
中图分类号：F740
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1006－8937(2009)16－0180－01
随着全球经济一体化的发展，越来越多的中国企业直接参与了国际市场竞争。要想在竞争中获胜，企业必需拥有一批既有外贸专业知识和扎实基本功，又有较高商务英语水平的外贸实用型人才，因此外贸函电变得日益重要。
1目前外贸函电教学状况
①教材陈旧。在当前实际教学中使用的外贸函电教材种类非常多，但教材大部分内容陈旧，很多沿袭旧版，或是挖补性修改。且当今电子商务的迅猛发展和应用，外贸业务联系大多是通过电邮和传真进行。而现仍有不少教材大篇幅地介绍电报和电传类的内容。加上教材本身的滞后性，就很难适应外经贸职业教育发展的需要。
②教师队伍专业素质参差不齐。外贸函电是一门将国际贸易实务与外贸英语相结合的综合性课程，属于专门用途英语(EsP)范畴。教师既要有良好的英文口语教学水平，还应有丰富的外经贸专业知识。
③缺乏实践教学及其创新。外贸函电是借助网络信息，在一定外文基础上实现商务活动，具有很强的实践操作性。而现有课程体系中没有突出创新性，只停留在理论教学，实践教学相对较少，或只是一些理论上的论述创新，缺乏具体的实验活动做指导，在课程体系中大多采用面授式的教学，以模拟性为主，讲解基础性知识，是不利于学生创新能力的培养。
2外贸函电教学探索与改革
外贸英语函电也是一门实用性英语课程。它是根据外贸业务环节的实际流程，系统地展示函电来往的内容、语言特点和表达方式。通过函电的学习，使学生掌握撰写外贸英语函电的知识，具有草拟有关的函电、合约的能力，以适应外经贸工作中与境外客户进行联络的实际业务需要。为应对新形势，须在实际教学中，加以改革创新，整合现有课程体系，加强教学方法、教学手段的改革，以提高学生的综合能力。
①课程体系，教学内容的改革创新，构建新的课程体系。《外贸函电》是一门将国际贸易理论与实务、国际结算、大学英语等相结合的综合性课程，对有重叠内容或相同的课程进行整合。为此，我院去年开始进行相关课程体系改革，08级实行“三阶段，九级别”的课程体系整合：按照学生职业教育培养目标要求从低到高，相应制订了使用能力阶段、结构能力阶段、原理能力阶段，而各阶段里又分别划分三个级别。比如在使用能力阶段中一级的要求是学生能考取单证员证书，具有较强电子制单能力，看懂各种电子单据，掌握不少于500个电子制单、常用外贸词汇并熟练掌握国际贸易、单证、谈判、国贸地理的基础知识，相应的就开设了国际商务单证理论、国际贸易、国际商务谈判、国际贸易地理、国际结算、集装箱运输实务等操作性课程。而在结构能力和原理能力阶段中，对学生的培养要求逐渐提高，在开设外贸跟单理论、报检基础知识等实务操作性课程同时增加如国际市场营销、货币银行学等理论性课程，打破原有专业基础课、理论基础课、专业课、专业实践操作课的顺序设置的课程体系，着重培养学生的实际操作能力，以适应社会对外贸人才的需要。
②外贸专业知识与英文函电知识相结合。外贸函电是以函电为基础，对国际贸易中各实践环节进行展开，要求教师拥有扎实的外贸专业知识和较高的英文口语教学水平，才能胜任外贸函电的教学任务。所以在教学过程中做到理论教学与实践教学相结合，以培养和提高学生的学习兴趣和能力。教师先要向学生介绍外贸函电的基本理论知识，再以外贸业务流程为主线，介绍相关的外贸业务背景和专业知识，便于学生更深刻地领会和掌握国贸实务知识。此外，应加大外贸英语会话训练，融外贸英语会话于函电教学之中，使学生口语和书面表达能力都能提高。
篇5：外贸英语函电第五版答案
Unit 2
1.C D B B B B D C B B
2.(1)regards, say(2)specialized, with(3)with, by(4)If, interesting, enquiry
(5)available(6)popularity(7)finances,to(8)compliance
3.(1)We are one of the leading importers dealing in electronic products in the area, and take this opportunity to approach you in the hope of establishing business relations.(2)We have been engaged in handling importing and exporting of machinery and equipment for many years, and our products have enjoyed great popularity in many countries.(3)We owe your name and address to the Commercial Counselor’s office of our Embassy in Beijing.(4)We are given to understand that you are a manufacturer of daily chemicals.One of our clients intends to buy cosmetics from your country.We will appreciate it highly if you can airmail the catalogue and the price list of your products available at present.(5)For our credit standing, please refer to the Bank of China, Shanghai Branch.Unit 3
1.B B B B A D D C B A
2.(1)Please quote us your best price CIF Shanghai, inclusive of our 3% commission.(2)如果你方价格有竞争力的话，我们打算订购30万码棉布。
Should your price be found competitive, we intend to place with you an order for 300,000 yards of Cotton Cloth.(3)One of our customers is now interested in the Qingdao Haier Refrigerator made in your country.Please offer CIF London for 400 sets to be delivered in April.(4)To enable you to have a better understanding of our products, we are sending you by air 5 copies of our catalogue and 2 sample books.(5)In reply to your enquiry dated April 28, we are now sending you our latest price list for your reference.Unit 4
1.(1)on ,to(2)to, of, to(3)until(4)to, of(5)to,for(6)by, in, ,in ,for(7)from ,within(8)in(9)of ,on(11)offer, at, on, for(12)of, at, per, on(13)to, reply ,reaching , at(14)by ,for , in, of, at
(15)for , offer, of
2.(1).We are studying the offer and hope that it will keep open till the end of the month
(2).We believe that you will place a large order with us owing to the high quality and reasonable price of our products.(3).We will allow you 10% discount if you purchase 5000 dozens or more.(4).As to terms of payment, we often require a confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit payable by draft at sight.(5).You are cordially invited to take advantage of this attractive offer.We are anticipating a large order from the United States, and that will cause a sharp rise in price.(6).We will send you a firm offer with shipment available in the early May if you order reaches us before March 10.(7).Because there is a brisk demand for the goods, the offer will be open only for 5 days.(8).We are giving you a firm offer, subject to your reply here by 5 p.m.our time, Tuesday, July 10
Unit5
1.(1)on , fulfill, with , to ,with
(2)to,with,on
(3)of, from, for, on, terms
(4)with, in,in to,on, of
(5)In, for, of
2.C A C A C C C D B A
3.1).We shall place a trial order with you for 500 sets if you will give us a 5% commission.2).We are working on your Order No.678 at present and please believe that we will effect the shipment within the time you stipulated.3)Owing to heavy commitments, many orders haven’t been made, we can only accept orders for October shipment.4)Our stock is exhausted and we are not in a position to accept fresh orders.However, we will contact you as soon as new supplies are available.5)Shipment should be made during August to October in three lots, with 100 tons each.Unit 8
1.C A C B B B D C B C
Unit9
1.The survey report indicates that the damage to the carton and goods was due to rough handling in transit, rather than poor packing as you stated.2.The damage was caused by improper packing, such a big and heavy machine should have been fixed and stuffed in export wooden case.3.Upon examination, we found that there was no sign of poor quality and bad handicraft, and that the dye used is excellent.4.Thank you for your acceptance of the wrongly delivered goods.We will give you a discount of 8% on invoice price.Please agree.5.Please let us know by fax whether you may ship the goods before September 15.If not we shall be compelled to cancel the order.Unit 12
1.C D B C D A C B
3.(1)We suggest you ship your Stainless Steel Cutlery on consignment in future.(2)If you accept our offer of consignment offer you won’t ran any risk, for we will bear all the expenses for the return of unsold goods.(3)Please sell the consignment before the price go down
篇6：外贸函电中译英答案
外贸英语函电期末复习题
I.Translate the following into English:
1.经过仔细考虑后，我们认为3%的补贴将有助于你们对非洲的贸易。
After consider it carefully, we feel that a 3% allowance will help you expand trade the African countries.2.通过双方信函往来，现已达成交易。
Through the exchange of letters between us, we have now come to terms.3.请按下列意见修改852号信用证：
一.佣金应该是3%，不是5%；
二.有效期展至8月30号；
三.允许转船。
Please amend your L/C No.852 as follows.4.兹随函寄去支票一张，计6400美圆，用以最终并全部了结此索赔案。
We enclose our Check for US $6,400 in full and final settlement of your claim.II.Translate the following into Chinese:
1.The company in the question is an importer and wholesaler here of Electronic Products, having a business background of some thirty years.该公司是电器和电子产品进口商和批发商，开业已30来年。
2.Referring to Order No.567, we are sorry to inform you that our client Mr.Smith has been arrested by the authorities due to some incident.We have no idea when he will be released.We are, therefore, compelled to ask to you consider the order as cancelled.关于第567号定单，现遗憾的奉告没，我方客户司密斯先生由于某事件已被当局逮捕，不知何时能释放，因此被迫请你方考虑撤消该定单。
3.As agreed, we have arranged to leave the Fancy Buttons with you for a period of two weeks and if by then you have not found any customers for them, it is understood that you may either return them to us at our expense, or retain them at the prices mentioned, less than 30% discount.双方同意，这批花式纽扣在你们那里试销二周如到期未能找到买主，可以退货，运货有我们负担，或按七折价由你们公司保留这批货。
4.For your information, our transistor radios are selling fast, and there have been numerous inquiries for them.Please take the necessary steps without delay.顺便奉告，我们的半导体收音机销售很快，询购者众多，希抓紧采取一切必要步骤。
III.Write a letter of counteroffer with following particulars:
1.Your offer for 25 metric tons of Shan Dong Groundnuts.2.US$2670 per metric ton CFR Rotterdam.3.Price too high.4.Groundnuts from the United States at US$2590 per metric ton CFR Rotterdam and easily obtainable in large quantities.5.Reduce the price to something near the above—mentioned level.6.Shipment in October.Ⅳ.Translate the following telexes into Chinese:
1.DOCMNTS UNRCVD WHN U SNT REP
单据未收回，何时寄出的，请复。
2.PLS AMEND L/C BY TLX OTHRWS LICENCE
请电修改信用证，否则不能装运。
3.TLX WHN U EXPECT OBTAIN LICENCE
请电告何时可望获得信用证。
4.CAN U OFR SME TERMS CONDITIONS N PRICE
你能否以同样条款和价格报盘。
5.CANT CNCL GDS ALRDY MANUFACTURED
货已生产好，不能撤销。
V.Write the(inside)address and(the)salutation for the following:
Williams and Henderson.They’ve got a small office in Smithfield Road, in number
27.they’re in London area and the postal code is Ec58D.write an attention line to say the letter is for Mr.Williams.Mr.WilliamsSmithfield Road
London Ec 58 D
Britain
Dear Mr.Williams
I.Translate the following into English:
1.如你所知，我们的政策是在平等互利的基础上和各国人民做生意。
As you know, it is our policy to trade with the people of all countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.2.请向加拿大皇家商业银行（Canadian Royal Bank of Commerce）开立以我公司为受益人的不可撤消的信用证。
Please arrange for an irrevocable Letter of Credit to be opened in our favor with the Canadian Royal Bank of Commerce.3.报给你方的价格是很实际的，很抱歉你方的还盘不能接受。
As the price quoted to you is realistic, we regret to say that we can not accept your counter offer.4.这里的市场不如去年那样活跃，如果你方能减价，比如说3%，成交有希望。
The market here is not so brisk /active as last year.Such being the case, there is still possibility of concluding the business if you can reduce the price by, say, 3%.5.我公司愿接受你方的条件接受你公司的这项定货，并尽快安排交货。
We take pleasure in accepting your order as per your terms and conditions and shall arrange delivery as soon as possible.II.Translate the following into Chinese:
1.We learn from your embassy that you are manufacturing and exporting a variety of textile machines.我们从贵国大使馆得知，你公司生产并出口各种纺织机械。
2.From what you say in your letter it seems possible that some mistake has been made in the dispatch of the materials and we are arranging for our representative in Paris to call on you within next week to examine the faulty materials.根据来函所述，似乎有可能在发货时有些疏忽，我们正在安排驻巴黎代表于下周内前往你公司，检查有问题得材料。
3.We wish to charter a ship of about 50000 tons for a single voyage from Vancouver.Canada to shanghai, China for wheat.我公司拟租50000吨左右得货轮一艘，单程由加拿大得温哥华装运小麦，开往中国上海。
4.The goods shall be covered against all risks by us for 110% of the invoice value, and any extra premium for additional coverage, if required, shall be borne by the buyers.所购商品我们按其发票价值/金额得110%投保综合险，如果买方需要投其他险种，则额外得保费由买方承担。
5.One of our clients in Osaka is in the marker for 500 metric tons groundnuts of 2002 crop and we， therefore, would ask you to make us your best possible fire offer on CIFC 2% Osaka basic, stating terms of payment and the earliest date of shipment.我们在大扳得一个客户想要买500公吨2002年得花生，因此，特请给我们报含2%佣金得成本保险加运费大扳到岸价得最低实盘，并告知付款条件和最得发货日期.III.Write a letter of counteroffer with following particulars:
Shandong groundnuts, 2002 crop, FAQ, hand-picked
2.500 metric tons
3.IN jute bags
4.US $200 per metric ton CIF Osaka
5.Shipment to be made in November/December
6.Irrevocable letter of credit in our favor payable against sight draft, to be opened one month before the shipment.7.Insurance: with particular average(WPA)
Ⅳ.Translate the following telexes into Chinese:
1.PLS SHIP IMMDLYN TEL NME STEAMER DTE SHIPT.请即装运，并电告船名及装运日期。
2.PLS EXECUTE ODERS PROMPTLT OTHRWS CANCEL.请立即执行定单，否则将撤消定单。
3.PLS ADV WHAT INFO NEEDED N IF SMPL REQUIRED.请告知需要什么信息以及是否需要样品。
4.UNLESS UR LC RCVD HERE BY NOON 5TH DEC(MON)OBLIGED
TO RESELL CNSGNT LOCALLY AS IMPS TO CARRY IT LONGER.除非我们在12月5号（周一）午前收到贵方的信用证，否则，我们将不得不在当地出售这批货，因为我们无法再保留它了。
5.INTSTD 20MT OLIVEOIL PROMPT SHPT PLS QUOTE.我们有兴趣购买20公吨能即刻发货的橄榄油，请贵方报价。
V.Write the(inside)address and(the)salutation for the following:
Mr.Eric Johnson is a sales manger with Crystal Glass Co.Ltd, which is located at 23 Gate Street Southampton S04 T60, the United Kingdom.Crystal Glass Co.LtdGate Street
Southampton S04 T60
the United Kingdom