中国古建筑解析

中国古建筑解析（精选6篇）

篇1：中国古建筑解析

建筑解析实习作业

内容：自选一个著名建筑作为解析对象，解析过程参考课件。（运用各种软

件）

成果要求：

1、A4纸约25页，订成小本。

2、实习日记，从20周写到21周，俩星期，也就是从14号写到27

号。

上交时间：二月二十五日中午前交给各班班长or学委。

寒假愉快！

曹雪野 2013-1-12

篇2：中国古建筑解析

针对西安市或其他城市较某个优秀旅馆建筑（度假村）实例，以3-4人为一个小组，进行实际体验和观察，体会旅馆设计的要点，分析建筑设计中的优点和缺点。解析成果图纸大小为A2，绘图方式为机绘，每小组交一份图。解析内容包括：

1.实例介绍

2.对外交通关系解析：周边道路关系、旅馆停车位，建筑出入口形式和位置

3.建筑解析：建筑单体形式，主要功能布局，建筑水平和垂直交通联系，公共空间（大厅，大堂，中庭）的分区和流线安排

4.客房解析：客房房间大小，客房空间功能分区，家具尺度和，客房排列方式

篇3：中国古建筑解析

就我国古代的情况而论,作为东方民族,长期禁锢在封建宗教的法统之中,这样便逐渐形成一种以封闭、内向为主要性格特征的民族性格,这种民族性格几乎渗透于我们生活的各个方面,最明显的一个方面就是建筑的布局方式。

1 中国传统建筑布局方式——封闭性、内向性特征及体现

“有宅必有园”这种布局方式就可以是我们的建筑传统。它遍布于中华大地的各地民居建筑,形式多样,各不相同,但最普遍的一种类型即采用四合院的布局形式。这也是一种最典型的内向布局方式,其主要的特征为:所有的建筑均背朝外而面向内院,从而形成一个以内院为中心的格局形式。这和西方的花园别墅恰好构成一个鲜明的对比。后者属于纯外向布局的形式,其特点是以建筑为中心,并在其四周布置庭院绿化。然而,中国除了住宅建筑外,其他如宗教建筑,宫殿建筑也大体如此,均以一个两厢和四合院形式作为基本布局手法而灵活运用。大多在四合院的基础上来逐步扩建成一进四合院、二进四合院、三进四合院等。某些规模和尺度特大的建筑群,如北京明、清故宫,沈阳故宫,它的主体建筑三大殿(太和、中和、保和殿)虽然具有外向的特点,但从整体布局来看这种外向仍然属于内向中的外向,就是说它们依然处于一个更大的封闭、内向性的空间院落当中,沈阳故宫平面图见图1。

纵观中国的原始社会、奴隶社会乃至封建社会,封闭、内向性的居住方式是居于主导地位的。这种以封闭、内向为特征的社会模式渗透到社会的各个阶层,使得人们对自然界的适应多于征服,收集、积累多于寻找、探索。这样对于一个数千年来以聚居为基本生活方式的民族来说,久而久之就形成了封闭、内向性的社会心理,他们认为适应自然是取得生存的最佳途径。

研究发现甲骨文中的“囿”和《诗经》中所咏的“园”就是四周加以封闭、围合的早期园林,这些都反映了中国古人所向往的一个理想的生活场所,其实是一个封闭的盆地形的自然地理环境。此后按此理想模式建立的宫殿、寺庙、住宅、园林都是封闭的、内向的。隐藏在高高围墙深宅大院之内,尽管园内的围墙留有花格窗,相互有“透景”“漏景”,然而临街的围墙是完全封闭隔离的,这是中华民族农耕文化时期典型的安居理念。很显然我们先民自给的农耕生活方式对自然界缺乏足够的认识和体验,在不能抗拒自然力、不能更广阔的了解自然界的情况下,就会产生敬畏和封闭的心理。

2 中国传统建筑空间封闭性,内向性的优、缺点

封闭、内向性的布局方式纵然与现代生活方式有很多矛盾,但也不能因此全盘否定。就采用这种布局方式形成的传统空间而言,仍然有相当多的玄妙之处,另人叹为观止。

中国传统建筑空间最显而易见的优点:在极为有限的空间范围内可以布置较多的建筑,且不至造成局促、拥塞的局面。

这一特性对我国现在人口众多,各方面资源紧缺的国情来说有相当大的现实意义。如何利用有限的土地资源创造出宜人的生存空间将是我们这一代甚至后几代建筑师的首要任务。历史上采用这样布局的院落、园林的成功典范不胜枚举。尤其是中国园林更引入了水、叠山、培花、植树等元素,并结合建筑物布局上的变化形成的内院形状更加曲折、另人神往。这里特别强调的是引水的作用,对于内向封闭的小园来说,如果能以一个较大、较集中的水面作为中心而环绕它布置建筑、回廊、亭榭,其向心和内聚的感觉分外强烈,为此,凡取内向布局的中小型庭院,无不在园的中央设置水池,不仅是江南的私家园林(畅园、拙政园等)这样,就是北方皇家园囿中的园中园(如谐趣园)也毫无例外(见图2)。

内向封闭的布局形式虽然有不少优点,但也有其局限性:首先,规模不宜太大,若园的规模过大,而建筑物的高度又有限,在这样的情况下若使建筑物沿园的周边布置,势必使之所形成的空间院落流于空旷单调,甚至会失去原有的正常尺度而得不到应该有的空间感觉。因此,中型、大型的园囿只适宜在局部采用这样的布局形式,整体却不适宜。其次,内向布局的建筑物均面向内而背朝外,因此从外部看显得沉闷而无生气。假如要用,尚须对其外围做适当的处理。颐和园中的谐趣园正是这样做的(见图3)。

3当今现代生活方式中的封闭性、内向性

同样是封闭、内向的布局,在现代生活方式、审美角度较之古代已发生很大改变的情况下,仍有一定的适用性。例如:现今我们修建的和正在修建各种风格情趣的住宅小区以及各种大学城等,其实质就是以“园”为中心的内向、封闭性空间。说这是在搞“圈地”运动一点都不为过。为什么会这样,可能有这样或那样的原因,但主要的原因我想只能是我们需要,我们的浅意识里面需要这样的空间,在那里我们会更舒适自在。既然人们需要,作为建筑师的我们就要把它理解好、做好。

4结语

中国古典建筑、传统空间作为中国人生活环境中最美的部分,作为整个国家文明和品质的象征,是最具生命的文化遗产。但在现代化建设快速发展的今天,在当今生活方式的影响下已经发生了改变。设计师用肤浅的眼光,过多的依赖现代物质材料、采取草率的方式来对待建筑、空间设计。他们对过去影响中国建筑空间设计的传统思想认识不深,也不愿意去了解。而对于我们来说,传统思想并非一无是处,应该说这样的思想在今天仍然深刻影响着我们社会的方方面面,相反,如果缺少这种思想的考虑,就会失去灵魂,失去根。在此透过一些传统的东西讨论中国古典空间设计方法,将有助于我们设计出既具有古典意境美,又符合现代品位的空间,更有助于我们认清我们自己是谁,从哪里来。

摘要：阐述了中国传统建筑布局方式的封闭性和内向性特征,分析了中国传统建筑空间封闭性和内向性的优缺点,探讨了当今现代生活中的封闭性和内向性,以帮助人们设计出既具有古典意境美,又符合现代品位的空间。

关键词：封闭,内向,建筑,传统空间

参考文献

[1]吴靖宇.拙政园[M].南京:南京工学院出版社,1988.

[2]施放.留园[M].南京:南京工学院出版社,1988.

[3]彭一刚.中国古典园林分析[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997.

[4]周武忠.园林美学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996.

篇4：中国十大地标建筑风水解析

上海环球金融中心 风水解析：此楼刚好是在陆家嘴龙脉的正东方，正是风水学上所说“炳泉东架笔”。金融本身由贵金属、黄金等演化而来，属金，而东方属木，克者用材，正是赚钱的好地方。从上海金融区的龙脉走向来看，卷龙留水，水曲必有情。而青龙刀直刃入，金枯水止。一旦在这个水口中间用重金的刀刃形建筑劈开，就会造成风水中的金刃断曲水格局。

央视新大楼 风水解析：从风水学来看，这样上重下轻的建筑缺少根基，暗含“上梁不正下梁歪”。此外，屁股太尖，过于锋芒，既没有过度，也没有修补，少了浑圆之感，失火（指大楼尚未建成就突遭一场大火，损失十亿之巨）是必然的。从五行相克相生来说，金生火，火生土，土铸大地，寓意大楼将从尖锐走向浑圆。一场大火之后，一切归于宁静。“祸兮福之所倚，福兮祸之所伏”，这也符合自然法则。

广州中信广场 风水解析：设计者巧妙运用元运的衰旺，打破中国传统以南向为主原则，立北向来达到财旺而运长效果。中信广场所在地北方近临瘦狗岭，远为白云山、南岭系山脉，南面近为体育中小广场，运眺珠江，地势为北高南低。北方有山而南方有水，中信广场如一把“椅子”坐南向北，寓意长运不衰。中信广场是上世纪九十年代建成的广州最高的地标性建筑，随着中信广场的建成，带动了周围写字楼、住宅楼的建设发展，最终形成了以中信广场为龙头的天河北商业圈，财旺如中天之日。

深圳地王大厦 风水解析：大厦位于深圳市深南大道中部蔡屋围地段。距香港边界约两公里。其势坐东北向西南，风水为“艮山坤向”。故该大厦坐山之命宫为“艮宫”，属风水学“西四宅命宫”。其楼高三百八十余米，合易经卦“三百八十爻”之寓，楼层计八十一层，纳尽卦气，有“九九八十一”之意，收天、地、人三才之气。从风水学论，该地运有一百二十年的运程周期。“七运”之中，旺财为首，吉利为次。

金茂大厦 风水解析：美国设计公司中标后，着手解决的第一个问题不是研究技术问题，而是力求寻找一种现代超高层建筑与中国传统风水相结合，这体现了中国风水在当代超高层建筑的重要性。最终他们选定以西安大雁塔作为构思上海金茂大厦的原型，再次展示了传统风水与现代建筑的完美结合。另一方面，美国人又研究了中国另一个最著名的古建筑群——北京紫禁城的平面布局，将金水玉带的吉祥格局巧妙的引申到金茂大厦的形体设计中。今天来看金茂大厦，与外滩融为一体，寓意“一支笔、一本书”，既有“笔岸书香”之意，也暗合了“江山代有人才出，不尽财富滚滚来”境界。

北京盘古大厦：盘古大厦，位于北京北四环中路、亚奥核心区，距离水立方仅180米，距离鸟巢500米，是千顷奥林匹克公园中心区唯一的地标性城市综合体。项目总占地面积39360平方米，总建筑面积418484.70万平方米，由一幢超5A级写字楼、三幢国际公寓、一座盘古七星酒店以及全长411米的世界第一商业长廊——龙廊综合组成。风水解析：以高192米的写字楼为龙首，三栋国际公寓、一栋七星酒店由南向北依次延伸近700米，呈“三星拱月”之势，昂首摆尾，飞龙在天。411米龙廊之上，共有66根龙柱和66颗“龙头”。六六大顺，财旺人顺。紧临“鸟巢”、水立方西侧，浑然一体。鸟者，飞也；水者，龙之所栖也。

澳门葡京酒店 风水解析：酒店正门一个建成狮子口模样，另一个像虎口，赌客由此进入，如同羊入虎口，万劫难逃。狮乃万兽之王，在风水上有吸财镇邪作用；老虎则是凶猛之物，有守财看屋之用。大多赌客从此两门入，必输无疑。此外，大门有一双大蝙蝠，形象生动，随时会飞扑下来吸人血般，此暗合“出多进少”。屋顶有很多小球及一些大球，其下有一个白色圆形的围边，寓意“大珠小珠落玉盘”，财富永远属于庄家。酒店侧旁有个像雀笼的赌场，寓意入场的每一个赌客即为笼中鸟。其顶部四周有很多类似镰刀状利器，剌向四面八方，意即天下赌客如羔羊，任其宰割尔。

天津津塔 风水解析：大楼位于兴安路北侧，从地理坐标来看，扼京津门户，守海河入口。在此筑一地标建筑，西可吸燕山之紫气，东可以纳黄海之狂澜。正可守基，邪不敢侵。最高的建筑是一栋336.9米高的标志性大楼——津塔，三六九等，尽纳其中矣。津塔呈风帆型，塔基略小，中部稍大，上部逐层收缩，取一帆风顺之寓意，象征天津从此腾飞于渤海之滨。

篇5：绿色生态建筑解析论文

发展趋势

由建筑设计上看，一种是将建筑融入自然。把建筑纳入与环境相适应的循环体系中，更经济地使用自然资源，使建筑转化为生态系统的一部分，尽量减少对自然的破坏，使自然转化为建筑的一部分。第二种是将自然纳入建筑，运用高科技技术，促进建筑生态化，人工环境趋向自然。

篇6：雅思口语话题解析之历史建筑

Describe a historical building you have been to

You should say:

Where it is

What it looks like

What it is used for now

What you learned there

And how you felt about this historical building

关于历史建筑这个话题，考生刚开始会觉得能够准备的内容太少，不过关于历史建筑，除了旅游景点，名人故居，还有很多历史建筑是你生活中出现的，比如有着2历史的小学，古老的办公大楼。

这里需要注意时态问题，因为是去过，时态上注意是过去时。另外，历史建筑不能是一个地点，而是建筑物本身。

介绍建筑物时，如果内容单调怎么办?可以多准备一些套路官话，比如：这里是我们当地著名的地标建筑哦，出了火车站就看到了，或者本身火车站就是个著名的景点。又比如：这个建筑已经有_X年历史了，我爸爸的爸爸的爸爸小时候就在这里玩过。又比如最后说一句：这座古老的建筑和我所生活的城市绑定在一起，共同经历这岁月的洗礼，希望他能陪着我的下一代共同成长。

相关小贴士：作为口语话题还是要尽量随意点，不要出现建筑物的具体身高，比如6层楼高就可以了，否则很容易考官觉得你是提前做好准备的。不要出现：这个建筑始建于1987年……你可以说大约20世纪末这样，毕竟口语话题不是背出来的。

此外关于建筑类的相关词汇和表达，要自己准备好，不建议用生僻的词汇，要尽量贴合自己的水平的词汇，保证词汇丰富度即可。比如建筑风格，建筑材料，建筑外墙设计等等。

地理位置：这座建筑建于……，在_X附近，周围有……

建筑风格与材料：这是早期_风格的建筑，很有当地特色，外墙_，内部是_结构

来自小站雅思君的雅思口语part2话题思路拓展：说到这个话题，让我想到我的小学，一个具有70年历史的小学，这个小学很小，在我们镇的市中心。学校的教学楼一共有6层，每层5个教室，2间办公室，2间厕所，建筑外墙是古老的红砖墙，朝南的大阳台，因为建筑物很古老，所以我们的夏天是没有空调的，当然也没有电梯，所以高年级的学生需要每天爬楼，经常可以看到迟到的学生气喘吁吁地爬楼。

据说这座教学楼原本是一个废弃的医院，后来小镇上的人多了，便将这里改成了小学，附近的居民都把孩子送到这里上学。因为隔音不好，有时候楼上的脚步声会传到楼下，楼下的讲课声在楼上也能听到。

最近一次去小学参观还是前，这里毕业了一批又一批的学生，他们有的离开了这里，有的留在这里做老师，我们曾在这里欢笑，在这里大声朗读，这里的每一段时光都让人怀念。

205-8月雅思口语新题part2配范文之：历史建筑

雅思口语part2：Describe a historical building you have been to

You should say:

Where it is

What it looks like

What it is used for now

What you learned there

And how you felt about this historical building

Part 3

Do Chinese people like to visit historical buildings?

Why do people visit historical buildings?

Is it necessary to protect historical buildings?

Do most people agree to the government’s funding to protect historical buildings?

雅思口语part2范文

The central Bank building is the one that really impressed me. I was then almost 17 years old when I first this building and I still remember that I became amazed watching and wondering about it.

10-15 stories building are quite common in our town but the 75 storied central bank building is really different. Not only it is higher than most other buildings but it also possesses an eye-catchy architectural design which is bound to absorb any one’s attention. From far it will only give you the impression of a futuristic mega structure but if you observe the building from nearby, you will see the real beauty of it.

It looks like every inch of it has been drawn before building it. This building is a fine piece of architecture that prominently announces its presence. When I looked at the top of this building I got the impression that it is endless and has made its way over the sky. The long round clock in from of this building ticks twice to let the city dwellers know its presence.

This central bank building is situated near the National Museum of the city. From a far away, it looks like a pathway to the sky and from nearby it seems like a massive yet beautifully designed architectural building.

年5-8月雅思口语新题之：历史建筑雅思口语part3

Is it important to conserve old buildings? Why?

A. The old buildings are the representatives of the history. They tell the past stories of thousand years and let us know about different issues like how they lived, how their living styles were, what they did, what sort of construction style they had and more other necessary information. If the historical buildings are not preserved, people will be unable to learn about their pasts. It is important to know about the origin, the forefathers and the past in order to live with dignity. If the important buildings are not preserved, the national history will go under oblivion. Moreover, the young generation of a country will be unaware of its history and the greatness of the nation. Usually, the old buildings contain the relics and people develop their idea over their past which is another cause for preserving the old establishments.

Is the history useful for the coming generations? Why?

A. History is always useful. It teaches us different important lessons and most of the people who have succeeded in life have taken their learning from the history. So, history is also useful for the coming generations. It may happen that they are in some sort of trouble and if they look back in history, they will find that there were some other people who also had the same troubles and got rid in any specific way. Thus, history helps them to get out of any troublesome situation. Moreover, if they are in any critical situations, they could take help of history, but it should be remembered that history does always not refer the events old about 100 years.

What is the difference between houses built in the past and now?

The basic difference between the house of past and current is space. Earlier, the houses were made more spacious and covered large spaces to be built. But with the increasing population, the houses are made in small space and the number of houses is on the increase. Moreover, the past houses were designed after different distinctive styles. There were ample spaces for recreation and entertainment for the residents. But in the current days, apartments are being made with lower space and even at times they do not have proper walking space in the staircase. Earlier, the houses covered horizontal space but now they are vertical.

What are the differences in sizes of houses? Why?

The house sizes are different for various reasons and the top most cause is the increased population around the world. To meet the demand of the growing population, the house sizes are becoming small. Currently, it is almost impossible to build a house covering a large space for the living of a family in a comfortable manner rather the large space could be used to build apartment blocks or residential towers that could house several families instead of one family. Accommodation is one of the greatest challenges in the coming days and already people are experiencing the problem in different cities of the world.

Do you prefer a big or a small house? Why?

I prefer living in a big house because the environment of a big house is comfortable. The houses are made in such manner that light and air could pass easily. Moreover, the houses allow the people exercising some hobbies (I like gardening) and if there are spaces, the residents could make gardens before the house which will increase the beauty of the house. But if it is a small house, the options are rare. Moreover, the architectural style of the big houses is usually very attractive and good looking which attracts me more. But the small houses are made commercially to accommodate people, not to exercise their hobbies.

2月雅思口语地点类热点难题分析——历史建筑

? Describe an important historical building in your city?

You should say

Where it is?

What it looks like?

What it is used for

And explain how you feel about it?

Sample answer:

I was born and raised in Shanghai, as you know, a metropolis and international city like Shanghai doesn’t have many historical building compared to many ancient cities in China. But there is still one important historical building also a tourist resort that is worth mentioning, “ Peace Hotel” which is located on the west side of the Huangpu River. If you have the chance to spend a night in this hotel, you will be able to enjoy a feast of views of the enchanting Huangpu River and the astonishing light show from the skyscrapers in the Lujiazui financial center on the other side of the river. The Peace Hotel itself is both a multi-functional modern hotel and a historical building. The seemingly forlorn appearance from outside doesn’t belie its profound and elaborative nature as well as a period of a turbulent past it represents. “The Peace Hotel” is suited on two sides of the road, on the north side is the new Peace Hotel and on the south side is the old Peace Hotel which is nowadays merely an exhibition gallery and museum. The “ Peace Hotel” still remained the most famous hotel and restaurant in Shanghai. In its past, it used to be the only residence for those foreign ambassadors and celebrities. Say like General George Marshall, Charles Chaplin and George Bernard Shaw, ect. The highlight of the Peace Hotel is its stylish Jazz bar its Jazz band. Back in 80’s, it used to be the place where numerous of political and governmental heads enjoy themselves while one of the most famous Asian jazz band playing their classic jazz music. For me, I think the “Peace Hotel” is the hotel where you can trace back to the olden days and embrace the vintage feeling of the old shanghai, meantime, you will find yourself blended in and being a part of these golden memory.

? Do you think that the architecture style are the same in your country?

You know, China is melting pot of different cultures so that’s why the architecture style is versatile too. Geographically, the architecture style in different parts of china are quite distinctive. In the north, the architecture style tend to be more like official mansion and building, say like quadrangle, the most famous residence of the folks in north. In the south, the cities is famous for being surrounded by little creeks and linked by stone bridge, people are more likely to live in small houses that is blue and gray.

? Why the architecture style should be the same?

Take an example of the city Paris, the architecture style of which is basically the same and represent an incomparable beauty of symmetry. If the architecture of a city remain in the same style, it will surely leave a deep impression on people from the world. When they think of Paris, they will think of the stylish and parallel style of the building and the yellow-colored appearance of the city. On the contrary, if the city is mixed up with different colors and styles, people will hardly have any precise impression of it and the only word come to their minds when they try to recall their travel memory of it ,is “Chaos”

? Should the government supervise the architecture style? Why?

I think It’s really a tough question. On one side if the government or the relevant ramifications do nothing to lead to trend of the architecture style and let people to build whatever in their own ways, we will definitely witness a chaotic and asymmetric building style of the city. On the other hand, controlling and supervising the way people choosing their architecture style is not fair for the free willingness and democracy of the folks. From my perspective, I think the government should at least supervise the most symbolic and outstanding constructions and buildings of a city, espeicially in the downtown area, cuz they represent for the style and rhythm of such city. But for the rest of the buildings in the residential or rural area, I think people have rights to decide their own style.