英国文学选读译文(精选6篇)
篇1:英国文学选读译文
文学体裁:诗歌poem 小说novel 戏剧drama Origin起源: Christianity 基督教 bible 圣经
Myth 神话 The Romance of king Arthur and his knights 亚瑟王和他的骑士
一、The Anglo-Saxon period(449-1066)
1、这个时期的文学作品分类: pagan(异教徒)Christian(基督徒)
2、代表作:
3、Alliteration 押头韵(写作手法)
例子: of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.二、The Anglo-Norman period(1066-1350)Canto 诗章
1、romance 传奇文学
2、代表作:
三、Geoffrey Chaucer(1340-1400)杰弗里.乔叟时期
1、“the founder of English poetry”(英国诗歌之父)
2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体:a verse unit consisting of two rhymed lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格).3、代表作:
大致内容:The pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体
小说特点:Each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character.这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事,无形中表明了各自的观点,展示了各自的性格。小说观点:He believes in the right of man to earthly happiness.He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions and a blind belief in fate.他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。
4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣 :A story holds in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed.Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission.歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式
代表人物:Bishop Thomas Percy 托马斯.帕希主教
代表作:Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale 罗宾汉和阿林代尔
四、The Renaissance(16世纪)文艺复兴时期
(Greek and Roman)戏剧drama 诗章canto
The term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical(Greek and Roman)arts and sciences.文艺复兴最初是指经典艺术和科学在英国的复兴。
The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama.在文艺复兴时期的英国,戏剧也得到了迅速的发展。
1、key word: humanism: admires human beauty and human achievement
2、代表人物:
1)、Thomas More 托马斯.莫尔
2)、Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯.培根 第一个散文家 3)、Thomas Wyatt 托马斯.怀亚特 引入十四行诗的第一人
Sonnet(十四行诗):form of poetry intricately rhymed(间隔押韵)in 14 lines iambic pentameter 4)、Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙.斯宾塞 poet’s poet(诗人中的诗人)< The Fairy Queene>《仙后》(epic poem 史诗)5)、Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗.马洛
blank verse(无韵体:不押韵的五步抑扬格)是十六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式。
6)、William Shakespeare 威廉姆.莎士比亚 戏剧 drama 四大悲剧:
五、The period of Revolution and Restoration(17世纪)资产阶级革命与王权复辟
prose 散文
1、文学特点:The Puritans believed in simplicity of life, disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry, breaking up of old ideals.清教徒崇尚俭朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱情诗、与旧思想脱离。
2、代表人物:
1)、John Donne 约翰.多恩 “metaphysical poets”(玄学派诗人)的代表人物
sonnet 十四行诗 《Death be not proud》
作品特点:① strike the reader in Donne’s extraordinary frankness and penetrating realism.(坦诚的态度和现实描绘)
② novelty of subject matter and point(新颖的题材和视角)③ novelty of its form.(新颖的形式)
2)、John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿 a great poet 诗人(blank verse)
《失乐园》 “Satan is not a villain”撒旦不是坏人
《复乐园》
六、The Age of Enlightenment(18世纪)启蒙运动
prose 散文
1、Emphasized formality or correctness of style, to write prose like Addison, or verse like Pope.强调正确的格式和写作规范,像艾迪生一样创作散文,和蒲柏一样创作诗歌。
The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism.启蒙运动实际上是当时先进的资产阶级同落后的封建主义斗争的一种形式。
The enlighteners repudiate the false religious doctrines about the viciousness of human nature, and prove that man is born kind and honest, and if he becomes depraved, it is only due to the influence of corrupted social environment.启蒙主义者颠覆了宗教所宣扬的人类本恶的观点;论证了人生诚实而友善,而腐化堕落则是后天腐败的社会环境所致。
Contrary to all reasoning, social injustice still held strong, found the power of reason to be insufficient, and therefore appealed to sentiment as a means of achieving happiness and social justice.无论怎样讲究理性,社会不平等现象仍然普遍存在,理性的力量明显不足。因此呼吁把情感的诉求作为一种谋求幸福和社会公平的手段。
2、18th century 文学的三个方面:Classicism(古典主义)、revival of romantic poetry(新兴的浪漫主义诗歌)、beginnings of the modern novel(刚启萌的现代派小说)
3、代表人物:
1)、Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛福 realistic novel 现实主义小说
Novel:
2)、Jonathan Swift 乔纳森.斯威夫特
作品特点:no visible sign of anger, nor raising the voice;the tone is cold, restrained, ironic, varied only by some flashes of fooling when Swift’s sense of the ridiculous gets the better of him.努不动颜,骂不扬声,语调冷酷,锋芒暗藏,讽刺辛辣,仅在讽喻之情难以抑制时才偶露揶揄之态。
一个温和的建议
七、the Romantic Period(1798-1832)浪漫主义
散文 prose
1、前浪漫主义代表人物:William Blake 威廉.布莱克 诗人
Robert Burns 罗伯特.彭斯 苏格兰诗人
Pre-Romanticism was greatly influenced by the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution 前浪漫主义极大地影响了工业革命和法国大革命。
2、教育意义Educational:liberty, equality and fraternity 自由,平等,博爱
3、开始的标志:beginning with the publication of William Wordsworth’s
4、lake poets(湖畔派诗人):Coleridge Southey Wordsworth
5、代表人物:
1)、William Wordsworth 威廉.华兹华斯 poet-laureate(桂冠诗人)
With S.T.coleridge, they jointly published the “Lyrical Ballads”.与s.t.coleridge一起,联合发表了“抒情民谣” 作品特点:simplicity and purity of the language, fighting against the conventional forms of the 18th century poetry 简单而纯洁的语言,反传统形式的18世纪诗歌
2)、Lord Byron 拜伦
3)、Percy Bysshe Shelley 雪莱
《解放了的普罗米修斯》 drama 戏剧
4)、John Keats 济慈 poet 诗人
篇2:英国文学选读译文
经过长期的国外国内战争,英格兰在伊丽莎白女王(1558--1603)统治下进入了和平繁荣发展时期。伊丽莎白女王实行宗教宽容政策,维护了封建君主和正在上升的资产阶级力量,及天主教与新教之间的平衡。
另一件巩固英国君主立宪制、加速民族意识觉醒的大事件是1588年,英国海军打败了西班牙的海上无敌舰队。多年来,西班牙就一直准备攻打岛国,这些攻击性举措还受到英格兰天主教会的支持。当西班牙舰队来袭时,伊丽莎白女王早已安排好自己强大的军舰队迎战。经历过这场战争后,英国逐渐建立起了海上霸权。
2.圈地运动
英国新型的资产阶级力量和新地主是圈地运动的发起者。新航路开辟后,英国商人通过东西方贸易获得巨大利润。然而资产阶级赚取利润的最大的领域是毛织业。英格兰羊毛业发达,几个世纪以来,英国为弗兰德斯的织工提供羊毛。随着羊毛需求量的扩大,一些新贵族和资产阶级占据大量的可耕地,并将这些可耕地变成草场,圈地养羊。大批农民丧失了土地。许多农民被迫离开自己的土地,迁居到城镇里,靠出卖自身劳动力生存。就这样,分化出了两大阶级,资产阶级和工人阶级。3.人文主义
伊丽莎白统治时期,许多文人活跃在文学舞台上。这一时期出现的才华横溢的文人之多,是英国历史上前所未有的。他们作为知识分子贡献了自己的力量,同时也为文学运动作出了巨大贡献。14世纪起源于意大利的文学运动后来波及了法国、西班牙、荷兰以及英国。这场文学运动称为文艺复兴,其中心思想是人文精神。文艺复兴(Renaissance)一词源于法国,英语意思是“诞生(birth)”。在15、16世纪,西欧学家密切关注希腊和拉丁文化,这是古希腊罗马文化多年被人遗忘后的重生。1453年,土耳其人夺取了君士坦丁堡,这个千年以来地中海的中心城市。君士坦丁堡落入土耳其人手中时,众多希腊学者带着自己的书籍逃到意大利,并在意大利大学中重新任职。在意大利求学的英国人将学到的新知识带回英国牛津、剑桥大学,在这里古希腊罗马文化散播到了各处。
篇3:英国文学选读译文
1 英国文学课程教学的现状
乍看起来, 以文学作为课程来学习, 以诗歌、小说为蓝本, 师生应该感到是一件惬意的事情。然而, 从本人的教学实践看来, 事实却并非如此。首先, 虽然经过了两年基础课的学习, 部分学生语言的基本技能仍然有障碍, 学生距离阅读并理解英国文学作品仍然有很大差距。究其原因, 可以从如下几个方面分析:
1.1 教师、教材方面
1) 英国文学历史源远流长, 作品繁多。由于教学任务所限, 大三学生需要在72学时内接触到教材上的所有内容, 大多数教师只得采用“一言堂”的灌输型教学模式。教师讲授、作品分析、提炼主题往往成为学生获得文学知识的单一、枯燥的方法。这种教学模式让作为学习认知主体的学生在整个教学中始终处于比较被动的状态, 多数学校的大班型授课使得学生难有机会阐述自己的观点。文学课的课堂教学难以真正成为丰富内涵、开拓视野、解读人生和陶冶情操等提高人文素质的主战场。
2) 大部分英国文学教材内容冗长, 按编年体例, “以史为序”来编排, 在介绍具体作品时往往遵循从作家生平导入, 接着对其创作生涯归纳, 然后对作家的代表作进行选读分析等一系列的编写原则。这种编写体例较少篇幅对作家、作品所关联的文学批评理论和文学批评方法加以介绍, 学生容易将主修文学课误解为就是了解文学史, 靠机械的背诵还是容易通过考试的, 这对于学生掌握有效的批评思路与方法, 提高反思型的思辨能力是不利的, 进而偏离了学习英国文学的最终目标, 即提高人文素质及培育人文精神。
3) 由于条件所限, 从事文学课程授课的老师难以拿到国外第一手文学作品, 难有机会同国外同行对世界文学最前沿的文学领域进行更多的交流。众多原因导致大多数英国文学教材内容缺乏现代意识, 许多教材只写到二战前, 缺少进期发展情况和对后殖民文学的介绍, 缺少对影响当今世界政治、经济走向的近代部分的文学作品介绍, 这对师生课堂互动和吸引学生热衷文学课都是不利因素。
1.2 学生方面
1) 英国文学作品介绍基本是从从中古英语开始, 这对于中国英语教学从小学开始所接受的基础的、规范化的语言技能训练中国学生来说, 一看到原汁原味的文学作品, 容易使他们在英国文学入门篇就产生畏难情绪, 产生厌倦心里。
2) 学生来源宽泛。如今越来越多的学校英语专业在高考录取中采取文理通招, 一些理科背景的的大学生高中没有学过世界史、世界地理, 进入大学后, 又忽视基础阶段的英语、阅读、国家概况等文学的前期课程的学习, 不了解文学课需要文史结合, 因而缺乏支撑学好文学课的背景知识。
3) 大学生就业难的状况使得英语专业的学生必须把重心放到语言“工具化”的方向上来。本着找工作看技能的原则, 学生们也越来越重视与经贸类相关的课程:如外贸英语、口译等实用性很强的专业课。正是这种“只见树木不见森林”的理念, 使得近年来英国文学课处于被边缘化的尴尬境地。一些学生把文学课看成“高雅艺术”, 是解决生存以后才可以考虑的事情。
4) 当代的大学生的生活环境、娱乐方式发生了很大的变化。正如米勒指出的那样, 这些年轻学者是“在电视、电影、流行音乐和互联网中泡大的第一批人。他们没有把太多的时间留给文学, 文学在他们的生活中无足轻重。”所以, 对于大多数青少年读者而言, 网络媒介提供的电子影视作品要比经典的名著更有吸引力。
2 英国文学课程教学改革实证研究的具体步骤
分析上述师生方面的原因:关键是学生对英国文学作品、英国文学课程的误读使得英国文学教学改革成为一项迫在眉睫的重要任务。如何拓展英国文学课程建设空间, 加大这门专业必修课的改革力度, 提高课程建设质量, 让学生通过英国文学课的学习最终意识到这是一门了解英语国家最有力的学科之一, 是一门“即见树木、又见森林”的必修课。
2.1 不同年级教学环节的改革
教育部在“关于外语专业面向21世纪本科教育改革的若干意见”中指出, “强化专业技能课;上足上好专业知识课;精心设置方向与模块, 动态地设置模块课程”。顺着这种思路, 我们进行优化、完善化英国文学的课程体系。
1) 在大一阶段, 从老师推荐开始, 让学生从英译汉的译本或双语读物入手, 逐步对英国文学的诗歌和小说有些许的认识。因为, 在现代大学生眼里“读小说、诗歌、剧本或是看戏成了越来越造作、次要、过时的活动。”所以, 要谨慎推荐文学读物, 要选择既能夯实基础、拓宽视野, 又能精简名篇、突出差异的作品。避免学生一开始对经典的作品产生逆反心理, 进而会严重地影响文学课教学效果。这个时期的作业布置应该放在指导学生挖掘文学作品的主题思想、情节安排、人物塑造等方面。老师应允许要学生的作业中对前人的研究成果提出挑战, 关键在于能够与时俱进地结合当今社会走向加以积极正面的引导。
2) 大二阶段的学生有激情, 渴望充实自己, 乐于挑战各种被称之为经典的东西。此时引导学生阅读名篇经典原著, 是因为经典作品满足了学生“质疑经典的可靠性, 揭橥经典确立过程中的阶级的、文化的和历史的原因, 提供对经典的别一种解读。”生生生生生生生生生, 老师要时刻关注社会现实, 强化反思性的教学理念, 可以在很大程度上呼唤那些对于阅读文学缺少热情与兴趣的学生回归, 帮助他们重新燃起对文学的激情。这个时期的作业布置应该放在指导学生探究文学作品的叙述角度、象征细节、语言风格等方面。
3) 大三阶段英国文学进入专业必修课阶段, 总计72学时, 每周两课时。经过两年的英语专业熏陶, 西方的文化理念逐渐影响了学生的思维模式。他们愿意充分展示自己才能、发挥自己潜能。随着学生对文学课程实践的深入和感悟, 他们对文学课研究范畴突破了对文学史纲以及文学文本的单纯记忆, 开始解读文学作品的内涵, 他们更加关注文学在整个人类自然生存中的责任与使命, 这样, 重读经典与重构经典就很可能在大三的部分学生中成为渴望。教师在授课中必须要同学生共同文学其中所饱含的人文理念与人文精神, 对当代文学思维方位与向度的调整, 在学生心中树立经典文学的影响力。这个时期的作业布置应该放在指导学生通过PPT、小论文、课堂辩论、公共演讲等形式抒发自己的观点。
2.2 教学方法与教学手段改革
英国文学课程教学方法与教学手段的改革, 是一个承上启下的过程。因为它可以带动英国文学的前期课程改革, 与综合英语、阅读、英语国家概况等课程的互动, 又可以牵制其后续课程的改革, 可以带动美国文学、散文等课程的优化。我们英美文学课程组在日常教学和实践中尝试了部分有效的和科学的教学尝试。
1) 让学生的表演成为文学课的亮点
教师改变以往在英国文学课堂教学的整个过程里“中心”的角色, 改变在介绍具体作品时遵循从作家生平导入, 接着对其创作生涯归纳, 然后对作家的代表作进行选读分析授课模式, 而是采用“名篇精讲”的专题化教学模式, 对知识整合成为不同的专题。进行横向及纵向的关联和比较, 知识点之间的交互有利于加深理解和记忆, 真正地做到优化教学资源、优化教学时间。针对不同的作品采用不同的课堂热身开始。在莎翁的作品中, 学生着装演绎莎翁陛下的哈姆雷特, 罗密欧与朱丽叶。或是采用电影对白, 精选《简爱》和《儿子与情人》, 从《简爱》中展开分析无私纯洁的爱情到《儿子与情人》中分析残缺的爱情中爱与恨的交织。教师与学生变换位置, 实现教与学的互动, 调动学生的积极性, 满足学生的表现欲。
2) 师生共同采用现代媒体技术
师生共同开设微博、QQ, 可以把参与者对文学课、文学评价和个人感受与大家共同分享, 师生很自然把这些问题带到课堂上继续讨论, 这种“开放型、辩论型、研究型”的方式有助于培养学生独立思考、提出问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力。有学生参与视频、微电影的拍摄, 即使语言功底较弱的学生也非常乐意担任拍摄、剪辑等后期制作的任务。同时, 在课程改革中可以充分发挥校园网络配备的经典西方电影和音像制品优势作用, 但更加重要的还是鼓励学生亲自动手, 主动参与。
3) 鼓励准备考研以及愿意从事英语文字工作的同学撰写课程论文, 并进行相应的点评, 点评时要以表扬为主, 帮助学生建立学习的成就感。在教学中, 教师可引导学生将已有的文学知识和英美概况中的知识进行对比分析, 指导他们阅读相关的理论文献资料, 阅读他们感兴趣的作家最前沿的作品评价, 介绍文学领域的最新动态和发展趋势。在教授文学人物塑造时, 可以与中国相同题材的作品比较, 例如:《罗密欧与朱丽叶》与《梁山伯与祝英台》比较, 分析不同社会制度下的婚姻。借此培养学生的科研嗅觉, 洞悉学术研究的特点, 提出有价值的问题, 锻炼逻辑论证能力, 为四年级的论文写作和考研打下基础。
4) 改革英国文学考核方法, 注重知识应用
改变文学课程考核“一卷定成绩”的做法。把成绩评定分成开卷与闭卷, 口试与笔试, 论文与报告相结合的形式, 让学生意识到英国文学课不仅考查学生掌握知识的情况, 更重要的是考查学生运用文学课中学到的不同思维模式、不同文化理念解决中西方文化碰撞中的实际问题的能力。课堂活动中的诗歌朗诵、论点辩论、论文展示、话题演讲、视频录像和微电影都将记录到平时成绩的考核中。
在期末考试卷的题型设置上平衡固定知识常识题目和灵活思考表达能力题目的分值比例, 既要保证让学生在考试中对所学知识进行系统和有效地整理和消化, 又要留给学生发挥思想的空间。但是需要不断改进和学习以最大限度地提高教学效果。
3 结束语
外语教学的最终目标是学生跨文化交际能力的培养, 而人文素质的培养则是高校英语专业人才基本准则, 市场经济下的英语专业复合型人才的培养更是离不开坚持人文主义培养传统。由此, 文学课程教学模式和实践所进行的理论方面的探索和教学实践的改革方兴未艾, 今后要探索的路还很长, 需要在实践中模式的教改模式需要不断地完善。我们只有通过不断开拓进取、深入调研才有可能使英国文学课程的教学更上一层楼, 为我国培养具备人文素养、文学鉴赏力和审美的敏感性、理解国际文化的复合型人才服务, 进而从整体上促进学生人文素质的提高。
摘要:人文素质的培养是高校英语专业人才培养的基本准则, 也是实现教学型和应用型大学的目标定位及人才培养目标。如何将英语专业重要课程之一的《英国文学》课程改革落实到实处, 是提高学生人文素质为导向的英语专业人才培养方案中迫切需要解决的问题。课题通过剖析高等学校英语专业英国文学课程教学中存在的问题, 研究实践教学中侧重以名篇选读为导向的英国文学课程教与学的案例, 探寻英国文学课程改革的新思路, 以此促进高等学校英语专业的高年级整体教学。
关键词:英国文学,名篇选读,教学模式
参考文献
[1]高等学校外语专业教学指导委员会英语组.高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲[[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2000.
[2]常耀信.美国文学简史 (第二版) [M].天津:南开大学出版社, 2003.
[3] (英) 特雷.伊格尔顿.文学理论[M].明尼阿波利斯:明尼苏达大学出版社, 1983.
篇4:传记文学选读课程价值初探
一、用传记文学引领学生确立“尊祖意识”和根祖文化意识
构建传记文学课程体系,帮助引导高中学生建立传记文学意识,可以帮助学生确立一种“尊祖意识”,而尊祖或纪念先辈英雄与伟人,一方面能够教育后人,另一方面可以增进文学欣赏的修养和历史人文的素养。
中国家谱资料研究中心李吉教授在《弘扬根祖文化,振兴历史文脉》一文中指出:“世界上每个民族都有属于自己的文化形态与传承体系,由此构成本民族所特有的思想理念与价值取向,并在其文化传承、升华凝练的过程中逐渐形成文化认同、文化崇拜的精神支柱和风俗礼制,成为维系民族团结、社会进步、国家昌盛的共同基石的根祖文化。”
传记文学能够引领学生树立尊祖敬宗、慎终追远的情怀。古人所谓“克明俊德,以亲九族”的价值观,能够在传记文学教学的过程中,引导学生逐步建立起来,这是传记文学所独有的伦理构建功能。这里的着眼点虽小,然而其意义却非常重大。
二、引导学生寻求传记中的史诗构架
名人的传记,向来都是以英雄的史诗来编织的,如此,在引领学生进行传记研读时,则要引导学生在名人传记中寻觅历史构架,从而更好地提升自己的人文历史素养。
譬如法国大作家罗曼·罗兰的“巨人三传”《名人传》,创作于20世纪初期,此传记里的三个人,一个是德国的音乐家贝多芬,一个是意大利的雕塑家、画家、诗人米开朗琪罗,另一个是俄国作家、思想家、文学家列夫·托尔斯泰,他们都是伟大的天才,也都在人生的道路上经历了极为艰辛的考验,在他们成长的过程中,历史风云变幻,他们所历经的苦难、执着的追求、对人类的大爱,无不与其所历经的时代相关。
三、在传记教学中培养学生的求实求是精神
众所周知,传记文学的材料来自两个方面:一靠已经成型的历史材料,也就是各种报刊书籍、文字档案材料,二靠活的材料,也就是写作者对当事人深入细致的采访,乃至实地考察。两者缺一不可。但对于传记文学作者来说,在对待第一种材料时,又不轻信传记资料,而是要进行认真地校订,保证传记作品内容的真实性与准确性。
真正的传记文学,总会在演绎个人命运的同时,为读者还原一段复杂交错的历史,真实地再现时代风云与历史变革。无疑,这种拒绝欺世盗名的严谨求实的治学态度与写作精神,会让学生在欣赏传记文学的文学性时,也得到求实求是精神的培养与熏陶。
四、在传记文学教学过程中建立起一种价值坐标
传记文学本身便具有了一种内在的评价体系,而这种评价体系与标准,往往是以“偏向性和导向性”为主的。偏向性,源于传记作者的写作风格,而导向性,则源于作者的价值引领。传记文学作为文学创作形式的一种,肯定要肩负鼓舞人、引领人的历史责任,否则,传记文学的价值便无从体现。奥地利作家茨威格最为突出的成就是在传记文学方面,他因此被誉为“历史上最优秀的传记作家”,他的《人类群星闪耀时》(北京出版社2005年版,张伟译),是一部历史特写集,写了两千多年里重大历史事件和人物。他不但写伟人名人,还十分热情地讴歌小人物,他说:“在我的传记文学中,我不只写在现实生活中取得成功的人物,而还写那些保持着崇高道德精神的人物……”茨威格对读者们说:“读伟人的传记吧,与勇敢的心灵作伴!”茨威格的话,充分体现了传记文学的价值引领的功能。
五、在研究传记文学的过程中,对学生进行人格教育
每一部人物传记,都会将传主的全部人格折射到传记作品中。人格或伟大、或正直、或大爱,崇儒、尚道、好佛、爱自然等,其人格魅力,尽在作品中得到显现,研究传记文学,也是展示传主人格魅力,并以此来影响学生矫正人生坐标的最好的契机、方法与切入点。
值得注意的是,还有另一种意义上的传记文学作品,那就是文学作品本身。一个作家的全集,就相当于一部传记。在这样的理论指导下,去研习中国文学作品,也便是在研究一个作家的传记。要以用编年的方式去解读一个作家的全部作品,不仅是要看其艺术魅力是如何逐渐圆熟的,更要看他是如何将自己的人生,融入自己的文学,融入波澜壮阔的社会风云变幻之中的。钱穆先生在他的文章中所举的杜甫、陶渊明、王维、陆游、李白、苏轼等诗人,就是最好的例证。钱穆先生看出了伟大人格中的细微差别,也看出了伟大诗人中真正的最伟大的诗人。中学生这样读作家的系列作品,同样也会受到人格教育的。
篇5:英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结
1.Beowulf: national epic of the English people;Denmark story;alliteration, metaphors and understatements(此处可能会有填空,选择等小题)2.Romance(名词解释)
3.“Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story 4.Ballad(名词解释)
5.Character of Robin Hood 6.Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry;The Canterbury Tales(main contents;124 stories planned, only 24 finished;written in Middle English;significance;form: heroic couplet)7.Heroic couplet(名词解释)8.Renaissance(名词解释)9.Thomas More——Utopia 10.Sonnet(名词解释)11.Blank verse(名词解释)12.Edmund Spenser
“The Faerie Queene”
13.Francis Bacon “essays” esp.“Of Studies”(推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读)
14.William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要,最重要属sonnet18。(其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读)
15.John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。对于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的,故事情节来自Old Testament,另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。16.John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress
17.Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne;features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images.18.Enlightenment(名词解释)19.Neoclassicism(名词解释)
20.Richard Steele——“The Tatler”
21.Joseph Addison——“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要,注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样,它虚构了一系列的人物,以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文,这一部分要仔细读。
22.Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions
23.Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”, “The Dunciad”;his workmanship(features)and limitations
24.Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”此书非常重要,要知道具体内容,就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称,和每个部分具体的讽刺对象;(我们主要讲了三个地方)“A Modest Proposal”比较重要,要注意作者用的irony也就是反讽手法。
25.The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature.26.Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”, 当然是Robinson Crusoe比较重要,剧情要清楚,Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形,以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature,另外Defoe是forerunner of English realistic novel。
27.Samuel Richardson——“Pamela”(first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison”
28.Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”第一个和第三个比较重要,需要仔细看。他是一个比较重要的作家,另外Fielding也被称为father of the English novel.29.Laurence Sterne——“Tristram Shandy”项狄传
30.Richard Sheridan——“The School for Scandal”
31.Oliver Goldsmith——“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted Village”(poem)(both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield”(novel), “The Good-Natured Man”(comedy), “She stoops to Conquer”(comedy), “The Citizen of the World”(collection of essays)32.Sentimentalism(名词解释)
33.Thomas Gray——“Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”(英国诗歌里非常著名的一首,曾经被誉为“有史以来英国诗歌里最好的一首”)(a representative of sentimentalism and graveyard school of poets墓园派诗人)* Graveyard School / Poets”: A term applied to eighteenth-century poets who wrote meditative poems, usually set in a graveyard, on the theme of human mortality, in moods which range from elegiac pensiveness to profound gloom.The vogue resulted in one of the most widely known English poems, Thomas Gray’s “Elegy written in a country churchyard”.The writing of graveyard poems spread from England to Continental literature in the second part of the century and also influenced some American poets.34.In the latter half of the 18th century, Pre-Romanticism;representative: William Blake and Robert Burns.35.Thomas Percy——“Reliques of Ancient English poetry”许多中古的民谣都是在这个时期重新收集和整理起来的,这个集子是那个时代比较有名的一个民谣集。
36.William Blake比较重要,需要对主要作品有所了解,特别是Songs of Innocence 和 Songs of Experience, 这两本集子的contrast一定要注意,另外Blake的写作特点也要注意,比如语言的简单明了,神秘主义氛围等。37.Robert Burns伟大的苏格兰民族诗人, A Red Red Rose, Scots Wha Hae, Auld Lang Syne等名诗,写作特点: Scottish dialect;a poet of peasant and Scottish people;plain language;influence from Scottish folk songs and ballads;musical quality of his poems.《英国文学史及选读》第二册练习题 I.浪漫主义时期
I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets.1.English Romanticism is generally said to have begun with_____in 1798.A.the publication of Lyrical Ballads B.the death of Sir Scott C.the birth of William Wordsworth D.the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament 2.The Romantic Period is first of all an age of_____.A.Novel
B.poetry
C.drama
D.prose 3.Romanticism does not emphasize_____.A.the special qualities of each individual’s mind B.the inner world of the human spirit C.individuality D.the features that men have in common 4._____ is not a Romantic poet.A.William Blake
B.Sir Scott
C.P.B.Shelley
D.Lord Byron 5._____ is a Romantic novelist but is impressed with neo-classic strains.A.Walter Scott
B.Mary Shelley
C.Jane Austen
D.Ann Radcliff 6._____ is not characteristic of William Blake’s writing.A.plain and direct language
B.compression of meaning
C.supernatural quality
D.symbolism
7.Wordsworth published Lyrical Ballads in 1789 with _____.A.Byron
B.Coleridge
C.Shelley
D.Keats 8.Wordsworth thinks that _____ is the only subject of literary interest.A.the life of rising bourgeoisie B.aristocratic life C.the life of the royal family D.common life 9.Don Juan is the masterpiece of_____.A.Lord Byron’s
B.P.B.Shelley’s
C.John Keats’s
D.Samuel Coleridge’s 10._____ is not a novel written by Jane Austen.A.Jane Eyre
B.Sense and Sensibility
C.Pride and Prejudice D.Emma II.Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook.1.In essence, Romanticism designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the_____as the very center of all life and all experience.2.For the Romantics, _____ is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject matter.3.Wordsworth is regarded as a “worshipper of _____.”
4.According to the subjects, Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified into two groups: poems about nature and poems about _____.5.Coleridge’s achievement as poet can be divided into two remarkably diverse groups: _____ and the conversational.6.As a leading Romanticist, Byron’s chief contribution is his creation of the “_____.” 7.“_____” is Shelley’s representative work.8._____ are generally regarded as Keats’s most important and mature work.9.“Beauty is truth, truth beauty” is a famous line in Keats’s “_____.” 10._____is the most delightful of Jane Austen’s work.III.Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets.()1.The Romantic period is also a great age of prose.()2.Romantics also tend to be nationalistic, defending their own literary heritage against the advocates of classical rules.()3.Coleridge has been rewarded as Poet Laureate.()4.Keats is one of the “Lake Poets.”
()5.Jane Austen is a typical Romantic writer.IV.Name the author of each of the following literary work.1.“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” 2.Songs of Innocence 3.“Ode to a Nightingale” 4.“A Song: Men of England” 5.The Prelude V.Define the literary terms listed below 1.Romanticism 2.Ode VI.For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it.1….Be through my lips to unawakened Earth.The trumpet of a prophecy!O, Wind, If winter comes, can Spring be far behind? 2.For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils.Keys: I.1.A
2.B 3.D 4.B 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.A
10.A II.1.individual
2.human life
3.nature
4.human life
5.the demonic
6.Byronic hero
7.Ode to the West Wind
8.The odes
9.Ode on a Grecian Urn 10.Pride and Prejudice III.1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F IV.1.Coleridge
2.Blake
3.Keats
4.Shelley
5.Wordsworth V.1.Romanticism is a movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music and art in western culture during most of the nineteenth century, beginning as a revolt against classicism.There have been many varieties of Romanticism in many different times and places.The leading features of Romantic movements are Wordsworth, Shelley, etc.2.Ode is a complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subject.Odes are often written for a special occasion, to honour a person or a season or to commemorate an event.VI.1.It is taken from Shelley’s Ode to the West Wind.In this poem, Shelley eulogizes the powerful west wind and expresses his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality.In these last lines, the poet shows his optimistic spirit for the future.2.It is taken from Wordsworth’s “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.” The poet thinks that it is a bliss to recollect the beauty of nature in his mind while he is in solitude.He expresses his strong affecting for nature in the poem.II.维多利亚时期
I.Each of the statement below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets 1.The Victorian period roughly began at the enthronement of Queen Victoria in_____.A.1835
B.1836
C.1837
D.1838 2.The critical realists like Charles Dickens in the Victorian period wrote novels_____.A.representing the 18th century realist novel
B.criticizing the society C.defending the mass E.all the above 3._____is not a Victoria novelist.A.Charles DickensB.George Eliot C.William Makepeace ThackerayD.D.H.Lawrence 4._____ is not a work by Charles Dickens.A.Oliver Twist
B.David CopperfieldC.Middlemarch
D.A Tale of Two Cities 5.Wuthering Heights is a masterpiece written by_____.A.Charlotte Bronte
B.Emily Bront C.Anne Bronte
D.Branwell Bronte 6._____ is not Thomas Hardy’s work.A.The Mill on the Floss C.Jude the ObscureD.The Mayor of Casterbridge 7.“My Last Duchess” is _____.A.a dramatic monologue
B.a short lyricC.a novel
D.an essay 8.Tennyson’s “Ulysses” gets its inspiration from the following works or writers except_____.A.Homer’s Odessey
B.Joyce’s Ulysses C.Dante
D.Greek Mythology
9.In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trend _____ appeared.And it flourished in the 1840s and in the early 1950s.A.romanticism
B.naturalism C.realism
D.critical realism 10.The title of the novel Vanity Fair was taken from_____.A.The Pilgrim’s Progress B.Childe Harold’s PilgrimageC.Gulliver’s TravelsD.The Canterbury Tales II.Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook 1.The aestheticists such as Oscar Wilde in the Victorian period advocated the theory of “_____.”
2.In the Victorian period, _____became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought.3.Charles Dickens is one of the greatest _____ writers of the Victorian Age.4.Tennyson’s poem “_____” is in memory of his bosom friend Arthur Hallam.5.Robert Browning is famous for his _____.6.George Eliot’s _____ is one of the most mature works in English literature.7.Tennyson’s famous dramatic monologue based on the story in Greek Mythology is “_____.” 8._____ is Dickens’ first child hero.9.Jane Eyre represents those_____-class working women who are struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being.10.The most important poet of the Victorian Age was_____.Next to him were Robert Browning and his wife.III.Decide whether the following statements are true of false and write your answers in the brackets.()1.The Victorian period has been generally regarded as one of the most glorious in the English history.()2.Tennyson is famous for his aesthetic viewpoint of “art for art’s sake.”()3.Wuthering Heights is the masterpiece of Charlotte Bronte’s.()4.Browning’s “Meeting at Night” and “Parting at Morning” were originally one poem in dramatic monologue.()5.Naturalism has played an important part in Thomas Hardy’s work.IV.Name the author of each of the following literary works.1.The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club 2.The Tenant of Wildfell Hall 3.In Memoriam 4.The Mill on the Floss 5.The Return of the Native V.Define the literary terms listed below.1.Dramatic Monologue 2.Critical Realism VI.For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it.1.That same evening the gentleman in the white waistcoat most positively and decidedly affirmed, not only that Oliver would be hung, but that he would be drawn and quartered into the bargain.Mr.Bumble shoot his head with gloomy mystery, and said he wished he might come to good;where—unto Mr.Gamfield replied, that he wished he might come to him---which, although he agreed with the beadle in most matters, would seem to be a wish of a totally opposite description.The next morning, the public were once more informed that Oliver Twist was again To Let, and that five pounds would be paid to anybody who would take possession of him.2.Thus, neither having the clue to the other’s secret, they were respectively puzzled at what each revealed, and awaited new knowledge of each other’s character and moods without attempting to pry into each other’s history.Every day, every hour, brought to him one more little stroke of her nature, and to her one more of his.Tess was trying to lead a repressed life, but she little divined the strength of her own vitality.Keys: I.1.B 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.A
7.A
8.B 9.D 10.A II.1.art for art’s sake
2.the novel
3.critical realist
4.Break, Break, Break
5.dramatic monologue
6.Middlemarch
7.Ulysses
8.Oliver Twist
9.middle
10.Tennyson III.1.T 2.F 3.F 4.F 5.T IV.1.Charles Dickens
2.Anne Bronte
3.Alfred Tennyson
4.George Eliot
5.Thomas Hardy V.1.Dramatic Monologue is a kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem.The occasion is usually a crucial one In the speaker’s personality as well as the incident that is the subjects of the poem.An example of a dramatic monologue is “My Last Duchess” by Robert Browning.2.Critical Realism is a literary movement in the 19th century.It sticks to the principal of faithful representation of the 18th century realistic novel and carries its duty forward to the criticism of the society and the defense of the mass.The representative figures are Dickens, the Bronte’s, etc.VI.1.It is taken from Charles Dickens’s Oliver Twist.This part describes how Oliver is punished for asking for more to eat and how he is therefore sold at three pound ten to a notorious chimney-sweeper.It reveals that the pitiable state of the orphan boy and the cruelty and hypocrisy of the workhouse board.2.It is taken from Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles.This part describes how Tess forgets about her past misfortune in the beautiful, pastoral dairy farm and unconsciously gives herself up to the attraction of Angel Clare.III.现代时期
I.Each of the statement below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets 1.Modernism takes_____as its theoretical base.A.the irrational philosophy
B.the theory of psycho-analysis
C.both A and B
D.neither A nor B 2.Modernism rose out of_____.A.skepticism
B.disillusion of capitalism
C.irrational philosophy
D.al the above 3.Modernism is, in many aspects, a reaction against_____.A.romanticism
B.Realism
C.post-modernism
D.all the above 4._____is not a movement in the modern period.A.“the Angry Young Men”
B.“the Beat Generation”
C.“the Lost Generation”
D.“the Theater of the Absurd” 5._____ is not a representative figure in applying the technique of “the stream of consciousness” in his/her writing.A.D.H.Lawrence
B.James Joyce
C.Virginia Woolf
D.Dorothy Richardson 6.Waiting for Godot is regarded as the most famous and influential play of the Theater of Absurd.It is written by_____.A.George Bernard Shaw
B.Samuel Beckett
C.John Galsworthy
D.Eugene O’ Neill 7.The Waste Land is_____’s most important single poem.A.Ezra Pound
B.William Butler Yeats
C.Alfred Tennyson
D.T.S.Eliot 8._____ is not D.H.Lawrence’s work.A.Finnegans Wake
B.Sons and Lovers
C.Lady Chatterley’s Lover
D.The Rain Bow 9._____ is not James Joyce’s novel.A.Ulysses
B.A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man C.Dubliners
D.Finnegans Wake 10.“The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock” is written by_____.A.W.H.Auden
B.D.H.Lawrence
C.W.B.Yeats
D.T.S.Eliot
II.Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook 1.The French_____, appearing in the late 19th century, heralded modernism.2.Modernism rejects_____, which is the theoretical base of realism.3.In stimulating the technical innovations of novel creation, the theory of the Freudian and Jungian_____played a particularly important role.4.Most of Bernard Shaw’s plays are concerned with political, economic, moral, or religious problems, and, thus, can be termed as_____.5._____is famous for his frank discussion of “sex” in his works.6.John Galsworthy’s trilogy is named_____.7._____, an American Poet, took English Citizenship in 1927, and became a devout member of Anglican Church.8._____is Eliot’s most important poetry, revealing the spiritual decadency and meaninglessness of life of the 20th century.9.Most of Joyce’s works are concerning the life of his hometown_____.10.Joyce’s “Araby” is a short story in his collection_____.III.Decide whether the following statements are true of false and write your answers in the brackets.()1.The rise of modern poetry was, in some sense, a revolution against the conventional ideas and forms of the Romantic poetry.()2.Writers like E.M.Forster and D.H.Lawrence are still conventional writers, as in their works, old traditions are still there.()3.John Galsworthy has been awarded Nobel Prize for literature.()4.John Galsworthy is a conventional writer, inheriting the fine traditions of the great Victorian novelists of the critical realism such as Dickens.()5.James Joyce is a prolific writer, creating a great number of famous works.IV.Name the author of each of the following literary works.1.Modernism 2.Angry Young Men V.Define the literary terms listed below.1.Pygmalion 2.“Sailing to Byzantium” 3.Woman in Love 4.Ulysses 5.The Man of Property VI.For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it.1.I will arise and go now, for always night and day
I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore;
While I stand on the roadway, or on the pavements gray,I hear it in the deep heart’s core.2.Now she began to combat in his restless fretting.He still kept up his connexion with Miriam, could neither break free nor go the whole length of engagement.And this indecision seemed to bleed him of his energy.Moreover.His mother suspected him of an unrecognized leaning towards Clara, and, since the latter was a married woman, she wished he would fall in love with one of the girls in a better station of life.But he was stupid, and would refuse to love or even to admire a girl much, just because she was his social superior.Keys: I.1.C 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A
6.B 7.D 8.A
9.C 10.D II.1.Symbolism
2.rationalism
3.psycho-analysis
4.problem plays 5.D.H.Lawrence 6.The Forsyte Saga
7.T.S.Eliot
8.The Waste Land 9.Dublin
10.Dubliners III.1.F 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F IV.1.Modernism is a movement in the 20th century.It takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base and in many aspects is a reaction against realism.2.Angry Young Men is a phrase applied to a number of British playwrights and novelists from the mid-1950s, who described various forms of social alienation and whose political views were radical and anarchic.V.1.Bernard Shaw
2.W.B.Yeats
3.D.H.Lawrence
4.James Joyce
5.John Galsworthy VI.1.It is taken from Yeats’s “The lake Isle of Innisfree.” In this poem, Yeats expresses his longing to escape from the city life and to live a secluded life by describing the peaceful, tranquil scene of the lake Isle of Innisfree, a legendary place for hermitage.2.It is taken from D.H.Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers.Paul has love affairs with two girls, Miriam and Clara.But he is so dependent on his mother’s love and help that he fails to achieve a fulfilling relationship with either girl.English Literature
(Book II)
Romanticis
1.Romanticism(名词解释)要对浪漫主义兴起的时间,根源,主要特点,主要代表作家都有所了解。
2.William Wordsworth要知道他的 “Lyrical Ballads”前言是英国浪漫主义时期开始的标志,也是宣言。Lake Poets(名词解释)。他诗歌的主要两类题材:nature and common people’s lives。
写过的著名作品:I wandered lonely as a cloud;To the cuckoo;Lines composed a few miles above Tintern Abbey;The solitary reaper;We are seven 等等。
3.Samuel Taylor Coleridge两首名诗:The Rime of the Ancient Mariner;Kubla Khan主要写作supernatural题材。4.George Gordon Byron,Byronic Heroes(名词解释);著名作品:Child Harold’s Pilgrimage要知道大致内容,另外此诗用Spenserian Stanza写成;Don Juan要知道大致内容。
5.Percy Bysshe Shelley著名作品:Queen Mab;The Revolt of Islam;Prometheus Unbound(lyrical drama,要知道大致内容及此剧与古希腊的“被束缚的普罗米修斯”不同之处及其意义。)其它名作: Ode to the West Wind;To a skylark等等。
6.John Keats著名作品:Ode to Autumn;Ode to a Nightingale;Ode on a Grecian Urn”。注意Keats与Byron和Shelley的不同,Keats的诗歌没有两人那么强的革命性,他的诗歌主要是为了缔造一个唯美的世界,为了追求美而写作的。7.Charles Lamb:The Essays of Elia(humorous, archaisms, quotations from other writers)8.Walter Scott: founder and great master of the historical novel;his death marks the ending of Romantic Period in English literature;famous novels: Rob Roy, Ivanhoe;features of his novels.English Critical Realism 9.Critical Realism批判现实主义,要知道它兴起的时间,历史背景,主要代表人物及主要特点。
10.Charles Dickens主要作品: The Pickwick Papers(first novel);Oliver Twist;Dombey and Son;David Copperfield;A Tales of Two Cities等等,对这些主要作品除了第一部以外剩下的要对情节,主要人物形象,主题及其意义有所了解,另外要知道狄更斯的小说的特色。
11.William Makepeace Thackeray主要作品即Vanity Fair要知道这个题目出自John Bunyan的The Pilgrim’s Progress,另外小说的副标题 “A novel without a hero”的意思,小说的情节,主题,人物形象都要了解。
12.Jane Austen主要作品:Pride and Prejudice其它5部小说知道名字即可,对于《傲慢与偏见》简单看一下它的情节和主要人物。Austen的写作特点:thin plot, mostly everyday life of simple country society;good at writing young girls;modest satire;witty dialogues。
13.Charlotte Bronte主要作品Jane Eyre,要知道其情节和意义,另外简爱的人物形象也比较重要。
14.Emily Bronte主要作品Wuthering Heights,情节,人物形象及意义。勃朗特姐妹的小说虽然写作在批判现实主义时期,但其作品有明显的浪漫主义特色,比如包含的一些supernatural elements,特别体现在呼啸山庄中。15.George Eliot主要作品: Adam Bede, The Mill on Floss.Prose-writers and poets of the mid and later 19th century
16.Alfred Tennyson主要作品: In Memoriam, The Idylls of the Kings;有名的短诗Break, Break, Break;Crossing the bar等,此人政治态度保守,作品追求形式上的完美,富于音乐性和色彩。
17.Robert Browning introduced dramatic monologue to poetry.His famous poems: “Home-thoughts from abroad” etc.Elizabeth Barrett Browning: “Sonnets from the Portuguese”.18.Aestheticism唯美主义(名词解释)Oscar Wilde主要作品,写作特点及其意义简要了解。
Twentieth Century English Literature
19.John Galsworthy: 主要作品 “The Forsyte Saga”注意这是两个trilogy构成的,可不是一本小说,其中比较重要的是 “The Man of Property”就是书上介绍的那一部,要知道此部小说主人公的名字,以及这个主人公的性格,和小说主题。
20.George Bernard Shaw主要作品Mrs Warren’s Profession和Major Babara,对他作品的主要人物,情节,主题和意义要了解,他是比较重要的一个作家。
21.T.S.Eliot比较重要,特别是他的The Waste Land要知道包括哪几个部分,大概是什么情节,有什么象征意义,主题是什么,有什么写作特点。另外他著名的文章Tradition and the Individual Talent被认为是manifesto of modernist poetry.22.Modernist fiction put emphasis on the description of the characters’ psychological activities under the influence of Austrian doctor Sigmund Freud’s theories.23.D.H.Lawrence重点作品Sons and Lovers这个作品明显受到弗洛伊德影响,特别是其中体现的Oedipus complex,对其人物,主题要有了解;The Rainbow及其续篇Women in Love要有简单了解,特别是对其主题。Lady Chatterley’s Lover简单了解即可。劳伦斯的思想特点以及局限性要了解。
24.Stream-of-consciousness(名词解释)25.James Joyce其它作品简单了解,但Ulysses非常重要,需要知道题目来源,题目的含义,小说的主人公和情节,以及主题。
篇6:英国文学选读译文
摘要:基于慕课的英国文学史及选读课结合了慕课在线学习与课堂面授,并以课下的第二课堂活动为辅助,是一种混合式新型的文学课教学模式。本文将讨论基于慕课的英国文学史及选读混合式课程教学模式的构建,以期掌握有效将慕课与传统文学课课堂结合的教学实践的过程、方法与注意事项,以促进文学课课堂教学改革。
关键词: 文学课程;慕课;视频;课堂教学
一、基于慕课的英国文学史及选读课混合式教学模式的优势
基于慕课的英国文学史及选读课混合式教学模式,结合了线上教学系统的优势与实际课堂教学的优势,借助互动性较强的慕课学习的平台,提炼各时期英国文学的特点、思想和艺术特色,指明重点与难点,并构建相关在线学习视频,供学生自主学习;同时线下选取各时期、各流派的代表作家和作品,通过面对面的课堂互动讨论,为学生答疑解惑,培养学生的综合能力。与此同时,以课下的第二课堂活动为辅助,培养了学生在实践学习中的成就感,强化了学生对文学赏析、评论、研究训练的主动性和自觉性。
二、基于慕课的英国文学史及选读课混合式教学模式的构建思路
(一)理论基础
Benson认为语言学习的自主性有以下三个方面:①自主学习是一种独立学习的行为和技能;②自主学习是一种指导自己学习的内在的心理动能;③自主学习是一种对自己学习内容的控制。可以说,自主学习就是“自我导向、自我激励、自我监控”的学习。
基于慕课的英国文学史及选读课混合式教学模式,为学生打开了广阔的知识空间,提供了丰富的信息和教学资源环境。学生在教师的指导下,可以根据自己的需要、兴趣、爱好、能力自由选择所需信息去构建自己的知识结构,不受时间和空间的限制,不受教学资源的限制。这种教学模式可以充分开发学生的学习潜能,使学生处于积极主动的地位,因而能更有效地激发学生的学习兴趣和创造性。
(二)构建思路
本课程计划开课36课时,其中在慕课平台授课为12课时,课堂教学为24学时,并以第二课堂活动为辅助。
1.慕课视频的录制与准备
在设计慕课内容时,将各模块细化为“知识点组”,并针对“知识点组”进行课前教学视频录制,这样视频针对性更强,便于学生观看。同时我们还收集整理与各知识点组相关的资料,放到慕课平台上,以拓展学生视野。
2.基于慕课的英国文学史及选读课混合式教学模式的实施过程
(1)慕课的自学阶段。在这一阶段中,知识的传授主要是学生在慕课平台上观看教师录制的教学视频完成的。这一阶段的主要目标是初步完成知识的接受和理解,并通过测验题和作业达到对知识掌握程度的自我检测。如遇到问题,还可以通过平台的讨论功能,向教师请教或与同学讨论来解决。
(2)课堂的内化阶段。课堂应是生命相遇、心灵相约的场域,是质疑问难的场所,是通过对话探求真理的地方。[1]本课程的课堂是文本阅读实践为主体的讨论式课堂。教师首先对学生遇到的问题及疑难点进行讲解,然后对相应的文本抛出具有讨论性质的问题,学生进行讨论式学习,教师在适当的时候进行指引和辅导。在讨论结束后,教师对讨论过程进行梳理与总结,加深学生对问题的理解。
(3)课后的升华阶段。要把知识和技能内化为自身的素质,能够批判地学习新的思想,并把它们融入原有的认知结构中,能在众多的思想结构间进行联系,并能够将已有的知识迁移到新的情境中,作出决策并解决问题。[2]以课下的第二课堂活动为辅助,达到语言知识与实际使用语言能力的进一步内化、拓展与升华。
慕课与课堂教学相结合的混合式文学课教学模式对教师的教学技能提出了新要求,也对学生的学习能力提出了新要求。只有重新定位师生角色,精心制作教学视频,重建有效的课堂对话,才能让这一新模式在文学课教学中充分发挥作用,并持久进行下去。
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