大学英语演讲稿:Sports brings us together

2024-07-13

大学英语演讲稿:Sports brings us together(精选9篇)

篇1:大学英语演讲稿:Sports brings us together

大学英语演讲稿大学英语演讲稿大学英语演讲稿大学英语演讲稿:面对压力面对压力面对压力面对压力 来源: 听力课堂作者:sunjianfei更新日期:2010-12-28浏览: 647次 Good morning , boys and girls.I am pu lijuanand glad to give you a speech about stress.Psychologist tell us that stress is a state of worry caused by the problem of living , such as too much work or study , heavy responsibilities.Statistics show that stress comes from every detail in our life.Financial problems , poor health , being laid off may be the stress that most adults now are suffering.As students in the university , we are also under our special stress.While study , having to take various tests and submit a project against a deadline may put a great pressure on us.And the things that make us felt stressed may be our parents’s greater expectations on us than we could reach.Later , when we are likely to graduate , some other problems will also annoy us.I think we will worry a lot about our ability to compete in the job market and how we can best use what we’ve learned at college in our future job

篇2:大学英语演讲稿:Sports brings us together

稿范文【精品】

大学英语演讲稿范文大学英语演讲稿范文

第1篇:大学英语演讲稿范文(一)

good morning, ladies and gentlemen:

today i’m very happy to be here to share with you some of my thoughts on the topic of globalization.and first of all, i would like to mention an event in our recent history.thirty years ago, american president richard nixon made an epoch-making visit to china, a country still isolated at that time.premier zhou enlai said to him, “your

handshake came over the vastest ocean in the world-twenty-five years of no communication.” ever since then, china and america have exchanged many handshakes of various kinds.the fundamental implication of this example is that the need and desire to communicate across differences in culture and ideology is not only felt by the two countries but by many other nations as well.as we can see today, environmentalists from different countries are making joint efforts to address the issue of global warming, economists are seeking solutions to financial crises that rage in a particular region but nonetheless cripple the world’s economy, and diplomats and politicians are getting together to discuss the issue of combating terrorism.peace and prosperity has become a common goal that we are striving for all over the world.underlying

this mighty trend of globalization is the echo of e.m.forster’s words, “only connect!”

with the it revolution taking place, traditional boundaries of human society fall away.our culture, politics, society and commerce are being sloshed into a large melting pot of humanity.in this interlinked world, there are no outsiders, for a disturbance in one place is likely to impact other parts of the globe.we have begun to realize that a world divided cannot endure.china is now actively integrating into the world.our recent entry to the wto is a good example.for decades, we have taken pride in being self-reliant, but now we realize the importance of participating in and contributing to a broader economic order.from the precarious role in the world arena to our present wto membership, we have come a long way.but what does the way ahead look

like? in some parts of the world people are demonstrating against globalization.are they justified then, in criticizing the globalizing world? instead of narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor, they say, globalization enables developed nations to swallow the developing nations’ wealth in debts and interest.globalization, they argue, should be about an earnest interest in every other nation’s economic health.we are reminded by karl marx that capital goes beyond national borders and eludes control from any other entity.this has become a reality.multinational corporations are seeking the lowest cost, the largest market, and the most favorable policy.they are often powerful lobbyists in government decision-making, ruthless expansionists in the global market place and a devastating presence to local businesses.for china, still more challenges exist.how are we going to ensure a smooth transition from the planned economy to a market-based one? how to construct a legal system that is sound enough and broad enough to respond to the needs of a dynamic society? how to maintain our cultural identity in an increasingly homogeneous world? and how to define greatness in our rise as a peace-loving nation? globalization entails questions that concern us all.like many young people my age in china, i want to see my country get prosperous and enjoying respect in the international community.but it seems to me that mere patriotism is not just enough.it is vitally important that we young people do more serious thinking and broaden our mind to bigger issues.and, there might never be easy answers to those issues such as globalization, but to take them on and

give them honest thinking is the first step to be prepared for both opportunities and challenges coming our way.and this is also one of the thoughts that came to me while preparing this speech.thank you.第2篇:大学英语演讲稿范文(二)

man’s life is a process of growing up

篇3:英语演讲中的英语语法认知

英语演讲是一种极富特色的语言形式,在西方有着悠久的历史。早在公元前5世纪左右的古希腊和罗马时期,由于这些国家的规模小而且尚以口头语言为主,人们常常以演讲和辩论的方式决定公众事务。演讲从形式上分,可谓多种多样。从政治演讲到学校里的讲座,从教堂里的传经布道到公司各部门的工作汇报,都是在运用演讲这种形式,达到交流思想的目的。随着社会的不断发展,演讲变得越来越重要。因为演讲归根结底是一个交流的过程,所以演讲者的目的不外乎是要吸引听众,让听众明白自己的意思,并使其接受自己的观点。所以现在的演讲,特别是国外的竞选演讲越来越趋于口语化,因此,演讲成了身处非英语环境的人们学习英语的极佳素材。

1 从语法上

我们对英语中的人称代词的认知是通过语法书得知:we是“我们”的意思,you—你们,they—他们。但在现实生活中这些表示群体的词到底包括哪些人呢?仅仅依靠语法书上给出的条款很难把如此琐碎的细节涵盖完整,而且即便书上罗列的很详细,在头脑中也很难有深刻的印象。但从演讲中学习就不一样了。

1.1 人称代词we的使用

(1)we用来指代一个广泛的群体,即演讲者用其指代他/她认为所有与他/她同属一类的人。这里we的用法是从语法意义上的指示功能来说的。例如:

a.America was targeted for attack because we’re the brightest beacon for freedom and opportunity in the world.(George W.Bush“Statement by the President to the Nation”)

b.Five score years ago,a great American,in whose symbolic shadow we stand today,signed the Emancipation Proclamation.(Martin Luther King“I have a dream”)

(2)we用来仅仅指代说话者和听话人在内的群体。例如:

a.Now we have the finest food and equipment,the best spirit,and the best men in the world.You know…My god,I actually pity those poor bastards we’re going up against.(George S Patton“General George S Patton’s Address to His Troops”)

b.We may have started on separate journeys but today,our paths have merged.And we are all heading toward the same destination,united and more ready than ever to win in November and to turn our country around because so much is at stake.(Hillary Clinton“Hillary Clinton’s Farewell Speech”)

(3)we用来指代不包括听话人在内的群体。

a.And I thought that was really cool,and we had a team and we put a team together and they won and they got to fly.(Randy Paush“Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams”)

b.The key partnerships we build with software developers around the world are central not only to the success of Windows but also to realizing the great possibilities that PC technology provides.(Bill Gate“Bill Gates’Keynote Speech”)

在实际应用中,人称代词we还可以用来指代不包括听众在内的群体。这时说话人往往是为了强调自己一方的立场与观点而仅仅用其指代演讲者自己以及他/她认为他/她所能代表的其他人。例如

1.2 人称代词you的使用

(1)you用来指代听话者,且仅仅是听话者。例如:

a.I want to start today by saying how grateful I am to all of you to everyone who poured your hearts and your hopes into this campaign…(Hillary Clinton“Hillary Clinton’s Farewell Speech”)

b.What Indira didn’t tell you is that this lecture series used to be called the Last Lecture.(Randy Paush“Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams”)

(2)you用来指代包括听话人在内的更广泛的群体。例如:

a.You’re young,you’re educated,and you are the very best China has to offer.My young Chinese friends,I believe in your dreams.I believe that you can achieve them,and I believe you can make a difference,a big difference.All you have to do is just make the commitment.All you have to do is create the action and commit…(Arnold Schwarzenegger“Keep Your Dreams A Speech Given BYGovernor Schwarzenegger at Tsinghua University”)

(3)you用来指代特定场合的群体。例如:

a.And this thing does parabolic arcs,and at the top of each arc you get about 25 seconds where you’re ballistic and you get about,a rough equivalent of weightlessness for about 25 seconds.(Randy Paush“Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams”)

(4)you表示一种泛指。例如:

a.If you had one last lecture to give before you died,what would it be?I thought,damn,I finally nailed the venue and they renamed it.(Randy Paush“Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams”)

篇4:大学英语演讲稿:Sports brings us together

结构清楚,逻辑清晰

由于公共演讲的听众一般有数十人甚至数百、数千人,再加上演讲环境的不确定性(比如观众的欢呼或者抱怨),演讲者最好在进入主题之后马上给出所讲内容的框架结构,使听众能跟随演讲者的思路,更好地预判整个演讲内容,以达到良好的演讲效果。比如,乔布斯在2005年斯坦福大学毕业典礼上的演讲中,开篇稍微寒暄之后就进入正题:“Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That’s it. No big deal. Just three stories.”听众马上能对演讲内容做出预判——今天会听到乔布斯谈三点,然后他们会关注具体是哪三点。这种演讲就具备了“以观众为中心”的特质。乔布斯在随后的演讲中分别提到,“The first story is about connecting the dots.”“My second story is about love and loss.”“My third story is about death.”。由于演讲思路非常明晰,听众在听完之后也会记忆犹新。

当然,演讲稿在结构方面的逻辑顺序有许多种,乔布斯的这篇演讲是按照话题顺序和时间顺序来安排的。除此之外,还有空间顺序、“提出问题—分析问题—解决问题”的顺序等。大家可以根据不同演讲内容的需要来安排自己演讲稿的逻辑顺序和整体结构。

开篇出彩,吸引听众

演讲稿的开篇往往需要花费大量的功夫去设计。在写作开篇时,演讲者需要结合听众特点、演讲场合和演讲主题等因素,争取在一开始就紧紧抓住听众的注意力和兴趣。下面笔者就介绍一下基本的演讲开篇模式,供大家写作演讲稿时参考。

演讲稿开篇的目的是吸引听众。乔布斯在他的演讲稿开篇使用的是“关联话题与听众”的方式。这是一种比较有效的方法,因为人们一般对自己的事情都很关注,和自己相关的事情也会格外留意。乔布斯在演讲开篇说道:“I am honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. Truth be told, I never graduated from college. And this is the closest I’ve ever gotten to a college graduation.”高度赞美斯坦福大学——这就是在与听众发生关联。乔布斯就是通过这种方式让听众一开始就对他产生好感或对他的演讲内容产生兴趣。当然,乔布斯还用了适当的幽默,使自己与听众的关系变得更为融洽。

除了乔布斯的这种开篇方式外,我们还需要了解和掌握其他一些开篇方式。①指出演讲话题的重要性。比如要做一场关于“英语演讲的艺术”的演讲,演讲者在一开始就可以指出该演讲对于听众今后的学习、工作将会有很大帮助,甚至可以给出一些数据和实例,让听众明白不听这个演讲将会是一个损失,这样听众就会乐于认真听演讲了。②使听众感到震惊。例如要做一场关于“生活方式与疾病”的演讲,开篇就可以给出一组极具冲击力的数据,让听众看到生活方式不健康将会产生多么可怕的后果,这样的震惊能够使听众快速调整状态,投入到听演讲中去。③引起听众的好奇心。演讲者可以在开篇指出一种特别的现象,听众出于好奇就会认真听演讲,想知道演讲者如何分析或解释。④向听众提问。演讲者可以在开篇提出一个问题,这样可以引发听众的思考,也会引导他们去听演讲者如何解答问题。此外,也可以在开篇引用一段名言,或是讲述一个故事等,这些基本的开篇方式被无数的演讲者证明是实用而且有效的。

观点明确,支撑有效

毫无疑问,在演讲稿中,主体段的信息量最大,写作量也最大。如何清晰地阐释演讲者的观点或演讲要点,如何用相关事实有效地支撑演讲者的各个论点或要点,是演讲稿主体段写作时应该把握的关键。乔布斯在斯坦福大学的毕业演讲中明确给出了三个要点:① The first story is about connecting the dots;② My second story is about love and loss;③ My third story is about death。为了清晰、有效地阐述自己想要表达的这三个要点,他运用了三种手段。首先是举例子。乔布斯在演讲中运用了大量的事例来说明他怎么对待学习、工作和死亡。比如他说自己读书时旁听有意思的书法课程,这些课在当时对他没什么实质帮助,但是十年后在他设计第一款Macintosh电脑的时候,这些东西全派上了用场,这个例子充分说明了他演讲的第一个要点——串起生命中的点滴。另一个手段是引用。乔布斯在演讲中引用了一些名言警句来阐述自己的观点。比如在讲到死亡时,他引用了一句格言:“If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you’ll most certainly be right.”这句话表明了他对于生命和死亡的看法,使听众印象深刻。第三个手段是数据支持。在讲第二个故事——关于爱和失去时,乔布斯用了一系列数据来支撑自己的观点。他说自己是幸运的,因为“Woz and I started Apple in my parents’ garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We’d just released our finest creation—the Macintosh—a year earlier, and I’d just turned 30.”数据很直观,能让听众更直接地认识和理解演讲内容。

nlc202309031911

结尾有“道”,画龙点睛

演讲的结尾往往需要起到“画龙点睛”的作用,要尽量做到意味深长、启发思考。开篇和正文再好,如果结尾过于平淡,整个演讲的精彩程度也会大打折扣。那么如何做到结尾有“道”呢?首先我们来看看乔布斯的这篇演讲稿,他的结尾比开篇更加出彩,采用的是“引文结尾”的方式,达到了引人深思的效果。他在结尾说道:“Stewart (编注:即Stewart Brand,《全球概览》杂志创始人) and his team put out several issues of the Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words ‘Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.’ It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.”乔布斯不仅在演讲结尾引用了这句“Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish”(求知若渴,虚怀若谷),而且重复三遍,强化了听众的印象。这句话后来也被广泛传播,被誉为该篇演讲的精髓。

除了乔布斯这种“引文结尾”的方式,常见的演讲结尾方式还有如下几种。①总结演讲。对演讲中的各个论点或要点进行简单总结和梳理,加深听众的印象。②强有力的陈述。这种方式不同于引用他人之言,往往是演讲者自己的总结和心声。一个非常经典的例子是Patrick Henry的演讲“Liberty or Death”。 他在结尾时说道:“Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”③首尾呼应。在演讲结尾对开篇提到的主题和重点进行重新阐述,这是体现演讲内在统一性的经典形式,值得借鉴。

为了更加有效地掌握文中讲到的写作演讲稿的要点,笔者建议大家做到三点。①多看。多看一些演讲素材,比如名人演讲、演讲比赛优秀选手的演讲等,积累大量的一手素材;也有必要阅读一些关于英语公共演讲的书籍,笔者在此推荐Stephen E. Lucas的《演讲的艺术》(The Art of Public Speaking)一书。②多想。学会分析这些演讲之所以精彩的原因,可以从笔者上面讲的几点入手分析。③多练。在有了一定的积累之后,要大量练习写作演讲稿,话题可以从日常学习和工作中选取,这样练习起来会更有兴趣和成就感。

篇5:大学英语演讲稿

Oh, We Chat!Good morning, ladies and gentlemen!It’s a great honor for me to stand here to have a speech!Today, I’d like to talk about We Chat!

First, I’d love to share a piece of news with you!A few days ago, the login page of We Chat has changed.The new page is the earth within China instead of Africa.This image comes from China’s satellites instead of America’s, which means China is becoming more powerful now!And I’m so proud that We Chat has been used in many countries now.As is known, We Chat is an app popular in the area of instant communication.Nowadays, this app can’t be replaced.And the status of We Chat is still becoming more and more important.Firstly, many people tend to take advantage of We Chat to share their life with their friends.Moreover, through We Chat, people can almost know news all over the world immediately.What’s more, people who have provided their bank account information to We Chat may use it to pay bills, order goods and services, transfer money to other users.Indeed, We Chat is of great use, as efficient as fashionable.However, We Chat does have a negative impact in some aspects.We may encounter fraud via We Chat and our privacy information may be leaked.Especially when we share our lives in Friend Circle, we may be noticed by some bad guys, which may bring some underlying threat to our safety.In a word, We Chat is never absolutely safe.What’s worse, youngsters who have been indulged in We Chat may lose the ability to communicate in real life.Because they may get used to chat through We Chat.Recently, one of my best friends encountered some emotional issues.She shared her mood in Friend circle.I chatted with her through We Chat and said some soft words to comfort her.She also got many encourage words from other friends.But she said she didn’t need any messages.She just needed a hug when she was crying.At that moment I know We Chat can never replace the face-to-face communication.We can’t deny the fact that We Chat plays an important role in our life.We just need to use it reasonably and let it serve us better!

Recently, I have watched a video about it.We all know that when we pay in stores, we just need to point our camera phone at the 2-D barcode, and then we can transfer money to the shop owner.But this convenience also brings some chances to the swindler.In this video, the man walked into a shop and pay through We Chat.Then he got the name and image of the shop owner.After that he changed his own name and image as the same.At last he used a picture of his 2-D barcode to replace the one in the shop.The swindler got all the bills in this shop until the shop owner found it.

篇6:大学英语演讲稿

when i come to this school, i told to myself: this my near future, all starts here.following i will learn to become a man, a integrated man, who has a fine body, can take on important task, has independent thought, an open mind, intensive thought, has the ability to judge right and wrong, has a perfect job.

once my teacher said :” you are not sewing, you are stylist;never forget which you should lay out to people is your thought, not craft.” i will put my personality with my interest and ability into my study, during these process i will combine learning with doing.if i can achieve this “future”, i think that i really grow up.and i deeply believe kindred, good-fellowship and love will perfection and happy in the future.

篇7:大学英语演讲稿

in order to get high marks, some students figure out all the ways, the worse situation is to plagiarize other student’s hard-working. plagiarism is a big mistake, the teachers are always emphasizing it, but the lazy students go against the rule, they want to pass assessment easily. these students should be shameful about themselves.

on the one hand, plagiarizing means the lack of respect of other students’ hard-working. students need to spend many hours and put a lot of effort to finish the paper; the outcome means their wisdom and paid, just as the old saying, “no pain, no gain”. while the lazy students destroy other students’ effort, they just get the job done without their own thinking; they can even get the more high marks. this is very unfair; every student should finish the task in their own wisdom, showing respect to each other.

on the other hand, the students who are used to plagiarism will end up hurting themselves. if the students’ such behavior is found by others, they will get bad record in their files, which means they will have problem on trust issues, it is hard for them to find a job. if they are lucky to not be found, they still learn nothing, they lack of ability.

in conclusion, plagiarism is a shameful behavior; students should learn things by their own minds.

为了得到高分,一些学生找到一切门路,最坏的情形是剽窃其他同学的辛勤劳动成果。剽窃是很严重的错误,老师总是强调这点,但是懒惰的学生总是违反这个规则,他们想要轻易地通过评估。这样的.学生应该为自己感到羞愧。

一方面,剽窃意味着对其他学生劳动成果的不尊重。学生需要花费很多时间和精力来完成论文,成果意味着他们的智慧和付出,就像古语有云,没有付出,就没有收获。然而懒惰的学生破坏了其他学生的劳动,他们完成工作不费吹灰之力,甚至还能拿到更高的分数。这是很不公平的,每个学生都应该用自己的智慧来完成任务,尊敬彼此。

另一方面,习惯剽窃的学生最终会伤害自己。如果学生的剽窃行为被别人发现,他们的档案上就会有不良记录,这意味着他们在诚信上有问题,很难找到工作。如果他们幸运不被发现,他们也没有学到东西,缺乏能力。

篇8:大学英语演讲稿:Sports brings us together

一英语公共演讲教学与学生综合能力的培养

公共演讲是一种高级的语言交际活动, 是讲话人在交流过程中处于中心地位向听众做连续性发言的行为。用人单位在雇佣员工时都非常重视交流能力, 因此, 英语公共演讲能力的提高, 不仅有利于提高学生的英语语言输出能力, 也有利于培养学生的跨文化交际能力和批判思维能力, 还有利于增强其自信心和临场应变能力, 从而促进学生综合能力的提高。

1. 提高学生的英语语言输出能力

语言输出 (output) 包括口头输出 (speaking) 和写作 (writing) , 与口语和写作课相比, 演讲课程更具综合性和挑战性。

首先, 英语公共演讲教学能够提高学生的口头表达能力。演讲训练有助于提高语言表达的准确性和流利性。就准确性而言, 演讲教学关注学生的发音是否准确、吐字是否清晰、用词是否贴切、是否使用合适的语气和语调以及节奏变化, 目的在于准确传达演讲者的意图。就流利性而言, 演讲要求流利地表达自己, 尽量避免出现不必要的停顿或重复。大多数公共演讲可以事先准备, 先形成书面讲稿, 再进行口头呈现, 演讲者经过准备, 在公众面前能够准确流利地表达自己。如此反复, 口头表达能力自然有所提升。

其次, 英语公共演讲教学能培养学生的写作能力。演讲稿写作是演讲成功与否的关键环节。与一般英语写作相比, 公共演讲课对演讲稿的要求不仅是具有合理的逻辑和观点, 更要具备观众意识。内容要有层次感和逻辑性, 例子的选择要尽量吸引观众的注意, 词汇的选择必须符合演讲主题, 行文要符合演讲风格, 甚至要考虑如何在演讲开始或结尾处给读者新鲜感或惊喜。综合各种要素, 演讲稿在最终呈现之前, 必然要经过反复斟酌和修改, 写作能力在此过程中也相应得到锻炼和提升。

2. 培养学生的沟通交际能力和文化意识

演讲包括小组和群体交际以及个人间的交际。这使得公共演讲的课堂教学模式往往呈现出学生为主体参与者的特征, 并且这些主体参与者具备演讲者和观众的双重身份。演讲活动有利于激励演讲者在考虑受众的基础上来尽力展示自我, 也往往使作为观众的其他学生受到激励, 形成良好的竞争氛围。同时, 两种角色之间的交流和互相反馈, 让学生在沟通过程中受到鼓励和启发。

此外, 文化和演讲的关系极其密切。演讲有多种场合, 也因不同的目的呈现出不同的特点, 演讲的受众还可能来自多种文化背景, 这都需要演讲者在准备讲稿和演讲过程中具备良好的文化素养。因此, 在公共英语演讲教学中, 对于英语不是母语的中国大学生而言, 熟悉西方文化是学习演讲的重要环节。同时, 学生在学习和了解本民族文化和其他文化差异的过程中, 逐步增强对不同文化的感知能力, 如若在演讲中对两者进行有机结合或有效对比, 不仅能为演讲增添色彩, 还能加深对不同文化的理解。

3. 培养学生的思维能力和分析能力

在英语演讲课上, 每个演讲题目的呈现, 都是对学生思维能力和分析能力的考验和训练。演讲者首先要正确审题, 收集有用素材, 通过分析和整合资料形成合理的逻辑结构, 再生动化具体化地呈现给观众。无论是课上对演讲题目的头脑风暴, 还是课外调研, 都需要学生具有较强的逻辑思维能力和分析能力, 尤其是有些专业性较强的演讲题目, 要求学生在大量调研, 具备良好的相关知识背景后才能形成合理的演讲思路。例如, AIA国际会计师公会求职王双语演讲比赛中的英文题目通常为当下热点财经新闻的综合体, 需要演讲者先进行题目调研和专业分析, 才能开始构思演讲稿, 这对学生的思维能力和分析能力既是挑战又是极为有效的训练。

4. 增强学生的自信心和应变能力

怯场或紧张在公共演讲中属常见现象。演讲课为学生提供这样一个环境, 使学生通过不断练习克服心理上的怯场, 在紧张的状态下依然能够控制好情绪, 把握好演讲节奏, 碰到忘词又能迅速反应, 及时用自己的语言进行填补。与此同时, 还要配合使用好手势和眼神等肢体语言与观众进行沟通, 给观众留下深刻印象。如此训练无疑能大大锻炼学生的心理素质, 增强自信心, 提高临场应变能力。

二注重综合能力培养的英语公共演讲教学实践

上海大学悉尼工商学院作为一所国内起步较早的中外合作办学商学院, 与国外大学合作20余年, 近几年致力于国际化商学院发展, 其英语教学在注重提高学生英语语言能力的基础上, 尤其强调培养学生的综合能力。自2009年起, 学院每年开设英语公共演讲课程, 并从课内延伸到课外, 开展一年一次的英语演讲比赛, 并组成课外演讲培训团队和演讲社团, 旨在通过各类演讲训练来提高学生的综合能力。

1. 英语公共演讲课

英语公共演讲课在教学内容设置、教学模式和评估方式上注重培养学生的综合能力。

第一, 教学内容。

英语演讲课的教学内容主要参考Stephen Lucas的《演讲的艺术》 (2010版) , 同时结合商学院学生的特点, 设置了知识和技能、演讲稿写作和实战训练三大板块 (如上表所示) , 致力于培养学生的英语语言输出能力 (表达能力和写作能力) 、沟通交际能力, 增强自信心和文化意识等。

由上表可以看出, 与国内其他高校公共演讲教学内容不同的是, “演讲稿写作”作为演讲教学中一个独立的板块, 着重培养学生的逻辑思维能力和分析能力, 以及英文写作能力。这主要是因为国际化商学院学生在未来的学习 (比例较高的学生将出国继续深造) 和就业 (比例较高的同学会去外资企业) 中, 对这两项能力的需求尤为明显。另外, 实战训练在教学内容设置上贯穿于各项教学内容, 旨在为学生提供尽量多的机会进行沟通表达能力和应变能力等方面的训练。

第二, 教学模式。英语公共演讲教学方法的最大特点是强调学生是课堂的主导者, 而教师是课堂活动的组织者和指导者。教师的作用主要是设计和布置教学任务, 而学生进行小组讨论、头脑风暴、个人陈述训练、现场互动沟通等。同时, 学生被安排到不同班级进行巡回演讲, 并接受观众的现场提问, 演讲全过程均予摄像, 使每位学生在真实的公共演讲语境中锻炼英语口头表达能力和临场应变能力等。此外, 对于演讲稿写作, 除课堂反馈之外, 教师另设坐班时间 (office hour) , 保证对每位学生的演讲稿至少进行一次一对一的反馈。这一教学模式践行以学生为中心的理念, 多方位地提升学生综合能力。

第三, 评价方式。公共演讲课的评价方式为多元化考核。形成性考核阶段的课堂表现比重较大, 以激励学生主动参与。终结性考核阶段, 除教师评分外, 同学和观众也参与打分, 主要就仪态、表达、发音和对观众的关注度等方面进行综合评定。这一评价方式基本上能客观公平地考查学生在学习过程中的态度和表现水平。

2. 英语演讲比赛和英语演讲培训团队

多年来, 学院每年组织一次院级英语演讲比赛, 在为学生提供更大的展示平台的同时, 选拔优秀的学生进入演讲培训团队。培训团队由专门的教师和历届优秀学员组成, 进行定期培训, 注重人才梯队的建设, 选派不同特点的学生参加国内不同性质的演讲赛事。由此辐射开去, 学生还自发成立演讲社团, 并邀请教师担任社团指导老师, 定期组织活动和训练。

3. 教学实践效果和评价

英语演讲课程自2009年开设以来, 受到学生的普遍欢迎, 每次选课都是超额完成 (上海大学是选课制) , 课堂评价均达到4.85分以上 (5分为满分) , 考核排名位列前列。此外, 多数学生反馈在该课程的学习中锻炼了沟通表达能力, 增强了自身表达的自信心。

值得一提的是, 学院选派的学生在国家和地区性的英语演讲比赛中表现不俗:获华澳杯大学生中澳友好大赛冠军1次 (2013) , 获AIA国际会计师公会求职王演讲比赛冠军1次 (2011) 、亚军2次 (2012, 2014) , 获外研社杯英语演讲比赛上海赛区一等奖1次 (2013) , 获CCTV杯英语演讲比赛上海赛区二等奖1次 (2013) , 获希望之星英语风采大赛全国三等奖 (2014) 等。这些成绩对于非英语专业的大学生来讲, 实属不易, 而所有这些获奖的学生, 均参与了英语演讲课或英语演讲培训团队的训练。他们在获得这些成绩的同时, 无不展示出了优良的综合素质, 这也从一个侧面反映出, 以综合能力培养为目标的英语演讲教学是非常成功的。

三结束语

公共演讲作为一项重要的沟通交际技能, 与其他能力的发展息息相关。上海大学悉尼工商学院英语公共演讲教学实践进一步证明英语公共演讲能力的提高有利于语言输出能力、沟通交际能力、逻辑思维能力和应变能力等的综合发展。因此, 笔者以为, 在注重综合能力培养的潮流下, 英语公共演讲教学是国内高校英语课程发展的一大必然趋势。

参考文献

[1]教育部高等教育司.大学英语课程教学要求[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2007

[2]龚频.美国威斯康辛州立大学公众演讲课教学观摩有感[J].湖北经济学院学报 (人文社会科学版) , 2012 (4)

[3]井卫华、李文萍.英语公共演讲课与外语人才的综合能力培养探究[J].外语与外语教学, 2009 (9)

篇9:大学英语演讲稿:Sports brings us together

【关键词】大学英语演讲 教学 修辞情境

一、修辞情境概述

这里所讲的修辞并不是中文意义上的夸张、比喻、拟人等修辞手法。这里的修辞情境是指由人物、事件、受众和关系组成的综合体,表示出一种事实或潜在的情况。如果修辞中的情境能够有效地把人类的行为或者决定限制在一定范围之内,以形成对该情境的重要修正,这种情况可以完全或者部分地被消除。在产生和修正话语之前,任何情境都由三个部分组成:紧急情况、在决定或行动上受限制的受众、影响演讲家并能用来影响听众的因素。因此修辞情境就是当人们的行为或者决定限制在一定范围之内,修辞情境的运用可以使这种情况完全或者部分被消除,能够使演讲家突破一定的局限或限制、将自己所要表达的东西更好地传达给受众并影响受众。

运用语言来对一个紧急情况进行修正,这就是修辞的紧急情况。比如,当环境受到污染,需要积极地修正这一情况,让人们意识到环境污染的严重性以及保护环境的重要性及其迫切性,这就需要演讲者通过演讲,使人们引起愤慨和共鸣并采取行动保护环境。这个就是通过语言演讲来对一个紧急情况进行积极地修正。又比如国家有一项新政策出来的话,为了让这个政策得到推广、让更多的人了解它,这就需要相关的政策文件出台,或者有相关人员进行公开的演讲说明。这些就是修辞情境中的紧急情况要素。

修辞情境中的受众就是演讲所能影响到的所有人,而不仅仅就是听了演讲的听众。而修辞情境中的限制和约束就是由人物、事件、受众和关系组成的一个综合体。限制包括很多方面,比如教育水平、信念、态度、兴趣、动机等。

二、修辞情境的重要性

传统的英语演讲中,很少强调修辞情境的重要性,很少运用修辞情境。更多地是运用传统的演讲教学方法,比如采用元知性认知的相关训练来提升辨认能力;通过让同学阅读大量的演讲范文,背演讲优美句子、词语,布置演讲题目、定期演讲训练、观摩、模仿等一些传统的常用做法来提升学生的演讲能力。

国外的一些演讲教学会在课前调研话题和起草提纲,而在课堂开始时也会让同学进行充分地话题讨论和交流,有科学合理的时间安排和视频设置。而国内的演讲教学则是布置演讲题目,学生进行演讲稿的准备,在课堂开始前说明演讲的规则。国内演讲话题的选取一般很少会进行事先的调研,对话题重复抄袭或者剽窃等可能性考虑比较少。国内的演讲很少将修辞情境很好地运用其中,忽略了如何引入调查,即如何引用修辞紧急情况这一解决方法,这些都是说明了修辞情境的重要性。

三、在英语演讲教学中构造修辞情境的初步设想

英语演讲课堂就是一个小的社会团体,其中就包含了修辞情境的所有要素。班级中的所有同学和老师就构成了修辞情境中的受众;演讲环境、演讲题目、师生之间的关系、学生的态度、学生的知识结构等等这些都是修辞情境的限制。而知识结构不同、观念不同、家庭背景不同的很多同学,在这英语演讲课堂中有一个共同的目标,就是通过英语演讲提升自己的能力,为自己将来走出社会打下更好的基础,而英语演讲的目标同时也是讲自己演讲的东西能够更好的传达给所有师生,让所有师生接受你的观点、欣赏你、认可你。

因此,这些所有因素与修辞活动的相互关系及相互影响就成为英语演讲教学研究的重要课题。而英语演讲中,话题的调研与选取,从而获得一个好的演讲话题,一个演讲话题可以是一个限制,也可以构成一种紧急情况或修辞情境,演讲者通过自己的演讲突破这一限制,更好的对这一紧急情况进行修正,这便是演讲的成功,也是演讲教学的意义。而让同学在演讲之前能够有目的性地进行演讲准备,以及根据自己的兴趣特长来组织语言、构架内容来影响听众的话题,主要有以下几种:

半开放式命题:半开放式命题只给出了演讲话题的一部分,给出的那部分是演讲的限制,而要补充的那部分则是修辞情境中的紧急情况。演讲者可以根据自己的经历、兴趣等来填补话题的空缺,并运用自己的语言演讲来影响受众,使整个话题变得完整丰满有灵魂。

疑问式命题:现在很多话题也是采用疑问式的命题,比如“1+1=2?”,这本来是一道简单的正常的数学题目,加上个问号,就激发人们有更多的思考,有更多的想象力与创造力,演讲者能够在这一紧急情境中,通过自己的演讲来解答话题的疑问,让受众接受自己的观点。疑问式命题给出的疑问就是一个紧急情况,演讲者需要运用修辞情境来解答疑问,从自己的角度给出答案,一千个人有一千个哈姆莱特,每个人的答案都可以不同。

开放式命题:开放式命题就是给了演讲者很大的自由空间来调研选取话题,但另一方面容易让演讲者失去方向,不知从何入手。建议可以从两个方面考虑,一个是演讲者熟悉的话题,一个是演讲者想进一步了解的话题,前者可以体现演讲者的价值,后者可以提升演讲者个人能力。这两个方面都是演讲者可以选取话题的方向。

结语:修辞学在演讲中起着重要的作用,修辞情境在大学英语演讲中也发挥着很大作用。因此,要不断地完善修辞情境的理论研究,也要将修辞情境更好地运用到大学英语演讲教学中去,使大学英语演讲教学能够发展地更好。

参考文献:

上一篇:材料世界下一篇:大学新学期计划作文我的新学期计划作文新学期新计划作文900