《画树法》阅读理解答案及译文

《画树法》阅读理解答案及译文（共2篇）

篇1：《画树法》阅读理解答案及译文

①凡画山水，林木当先，峰峦居后。峰峦者，山之骨骼;林木者，山之眉目。未见骨骼先见眉目，故林木须要精彩。譬诸人形骨骼匀停，而眉目俗恶，乌得成佳士?譬诸军旅前锋不扬，何以张后队?故古人未练石先练树。

②况山林非园林可比：园林木植栽培修理，梃干端直，枝叶葱茂，故绘之者易;山林木植，深岩无主，听其荒滋，小者桮棬①，大者巑岏②，不凿其真，无伤其直，阴森鼪径，响挂空潭，云栖之，露袭之，纵横而出，无不顺适其性，克全其天，故绘之者难。夫惟胸涤尘埃，气消烟火，操笔如在深山，居处如同野壑，松风在耳，林影弥窗，抒腕探取，方得其神。否则虽绘其形，如园林之木植，不能得其天然之野态。

③且树法非石法可比：石有皴擦点染，犹可藏拙;树则筋骨毕露，少有背逆，人即见之。故绘之者必用笔法，或用钉头鼠尾，或用蜂腰鹤膝，务要遒劲，一笔数顿即成梃干，不可回护。一笔要当一笔用，如一笔气力不到则败矣。一笔败则通身减色，而烟火市气由是而出。子其慎之!

(节选自清朝布颜图《学画心 法问答》)

【注释】①桮棬(bēi quān)，杯子。②巑岏(cuán wán)，山耸立的样子。

22.第①段中画线句对阐明事理有何作用?(2分)

23.根据第②段，用自己的话说明画山林树木之难的原因。(2分)

24.郑板桥画竹主张意在笔先，本文哪句话与其有相通之处?(2分)

25.下列句子不是写画树法的一项是( )。(3分)

A.不凿其真，无伤其直 B. 胸涤尘埃，气消烟火

C.或用钉头鼠尾，或用蜂腰鹤膝 D. 一笔数顿即成梃干，不可回护

2 6.本文谈画树法，请简要分析文章的行文思路。(3分)

参考答案：

22.用人们熟悉的生活现象作类比，以反问句，(1分)通俗而鲜明地阐释画山水，林木当先，峰峦居后的道理。(1分)(如答阐释古人未练石先练树的原因只给1分)

23.山林树木自然生发而形态万千(1分)，其天然野态神韵不容易表现。(1分)

24. 操笔如在深山，居处如同野壑，松风在耳，林影弥窗，抒腕探取，方得其神。(2分)

25.A。(3分)

26.文章先阐释先练树的道理，再阐明画树之法。(1分)而谈画树之法，主要阐述学习画树的步骤与方法(1分)，即先领会山林天然野态神韵之法，再掌握画树的笔法。(1分)。

【参考译文】大凡画山水，画丛林树木处于首位，山峦放在其次。山峰层峦，是山的骨骼，而丛林树木是山的眉毛、眼睛。没有看到骨骼就先看见了眉毛、眼睛，所以丛林树木必须画得有精神有神彩。就好比人的形体，骨骼均匀适中，但眉毛、眼睛庸俗丑劣，怎么能够成为美的人呢?又好比军队，先头部队不振作，又怎么来部署后面的部队?所以古代的.人还没学习画石头，就先学习画树木。

况且山间的林木也不是园子里的树木可以相比的：园子里的树被栽培、修剪、整理后，树杆端正挺直，枝叶繁茂，所以画它就容易;山间的林木生长在深山无人照看，任随它胡乱地生长，小的似杯子般矮小，大的如山峰般高耸，不曾损坏它的原貌，不妨碍它的伸展，树荫遮蔽着鼠鼬往来的小路，水声高悬在澄明清澈的潭面，乌云漂浮树间，白露沾湿丛林，纵横交错丛生，无不顺应树的天性，而得以保全其自然，所以画它也就困难。只有清除胸内的尘念，屏除心中的燥气，拿起画笔就像身处深山之中，住处如在荒野沟壑，松树间的风声就像在耳中回荡，树林的影像好似布满了窗子，放手画去，捉住意象，这才能抓住它的神韵。否则即使画出它的外形，也如同园子里的树木，不能画出那天然的野生的形态。

并且画树的技法也不是画石的技法可比：画石法有皴、擦、点、染，还可以掩藏技法的拙劣;画树却要枝脉全部显现，稍微有些错位，别人就看见了。所以画树的一定要选用笔法，有的使用钉头笔法或鼠尾笔法，有的使用蜂腰笔法或鹤膝笔法，一定要做到强劲有力，一笔下来停几下就画成了树杆，不可以补救。一笔下来就要当一笔用，如果一笔下来气力不到位，那就成了败笔了。一笔画坏了，那么整个树就逊色，而市井俗气也因此就产生了。您一定要慎重啊!

篇2：《画树法》阅读理解答案及译文

阅读表达(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)

(1) The word addiction usually makes you think of alcohol or drugs，but in modern-day society we are seeing some new kinds of addictions. Some people are compulsive(难以自制的) shoppers. Others find it impossible to pull themselves away from their work. Still others spend countless hours watching TV or playing computer games.

(2) Over the years，shopping has become a very common activity. Many people enjoy going to stores more and more every day，but its more than a common hobby for some of them. They have turned into shopaholics. They are people who simple enjoy shopping and walking around spending money without being able to stop doing it. They are hooked on shopping and usually buy things that they dont need. Even though they dont have enough money，they buy everything they want.__(3) The question is，why do they have this addiction? There isnt a specific answer. Some people go shopping when they are sad，worried，upset or lonely，and they want to feel better. They use this activity as a way to forget their problems. Shopaholics say that they feel more important and better after they buy something. They also tend to have this addiction when they feel guilty.

(4) Shopaholism seems to be a harmless addiction，but it can__________________ . Some of them can be psychological. If this is the case，people addicted to shopping should go to a support group to help them break this habit. However，the process，like for most addictions，is long，and they suffer a lot. It can also cause financial problems. They just think about satisfying their feelings，so they spend money they dont have. They get deep in debt，and they can even go bankrupt and get sent to prison.

76. List three activities that might develop into addictions based on the text. (Please answer within 8 words.)

①____________________________________

②____________________________________

③____________________________________

77. Whats the main idea of Paragragh 3? (Please answer within 8 words)

____________________________________

____________________________________

78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (Please answer within 6 words )

____________________________________

____________________________________

79. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?

Accordingly，these shopaholics should turn to a certain organization for help so that they can stop compulsive shopping.

____________________________________

____________________________________

80. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 into Chinese.

____________________________________

【答案解析】

76. 答案：drinking，taking drugs，shopping，playing computer games，working，

watching TV ( 答出其中三个即可，不根据原文回答者不给分)

解析：这是一道封闭式问题，考查考生对文段的理解能力和对语言的总结概括能力。

文章第一段阐述了当今社会中存在的种种沉迷、上瘾的现象。从文段中我们可以找出重要细节“... alcohol or drugs ... compulsive shoppers ... . impossible to pull ... from their work ... spend countless hours watching TV or playing computer games.”。其中的关键词可以依次对应： drinking，taking drugs，shopping，playing computer games，

working，watching。

77. 答案：The reason why some people /shopaholics have shopping addiction.

The possible reasons for shopaholism/shopping addition.

解析：这是一道段落主旨概括题，考查考生把握文段主题的能力和高度概括的能力。

确定主题句(Topic sentence)是获取段落主旨大意的一个有效方法。第三段的第一句“The question is，why do they have this addiction?”的表达具有概括性，结构简洁明了，本段中其它句子都是以此句为中心层层铺开的，它符合主题句的特点。所以本段的主旨是阐述购物成瘾的原因。

78. 答案：cause/bring about/result in many problems

解析：这是一道补全句子题，考查考生语篇衔接和综合归纳信息的能力。第四段位于本文最后，相对独立地阐述购物成瘾的危害。要补全的句子位于本段的首句，是本段的主题句。首句是一个由but连接的并列句，前后句呈转折关系。前半句Shopaholism seems to be a harmless addiction.说购物癖似乎无害，下半句应与其意义相反，强调购物癖的危害。下文涉及购物癖者会遇到精神和财政方面的问题和麻烦，都是对其危害的阐述。另外，本段中“Some of them can be psychological”和“It can also cause financial problems.”对补全的句子的结构进行了暗示。

79. 答案：If this is the case，people addicted to shopping should go to a support group to help them to break this habit.

解析：这是一道释义对照题，考查考生的综合理解能力和对英语句子释义的能力。

所给句子的意思是：因此，这些购物狂们应该向某个援助团体寻求帮助，以便能够停止这种难以自制的购物行为。在本文的第四段第三句与题中给出的句子意义相符。其中，If this is the case 对应 Accordingly；people addicted to shopping对应these shopaholics；a support group 对应 a certain organization for help；break this habit 对应 stop compulsive shopping。提取出关键实词的信息对应点是解答这道题的关键。

80. 答案：他们购物成瘾，而且通常买的都是用不着的东西。