科技英语翻译标准答案

科技英语翻译标准答案（精选9篇）

篇1：科技英语翻译标准答案

宁波大学科学技术学院 2013/2014学年第一学期标准答案及评分标准（A）

课号：AK7G01C0课名：大学生KAB创业基础

大学生KAB创业基础课程考核方法及要求： 期末成绩：过程考核（50%）+创业计划书（50%）=期末成绩（100%）

过程考核100分（占总分的50%）,主要包括：学习态度和考勤（20分）、课堂表现（50分）、平时作业（30分）。

创业计划书100分（占总分的50%），主要包括：项目概况和市场分析（40分）、公司战略和营销策略（30分）、财务计划（20分）、项目完整性（10分）。

创业计划书主要采取期末最后一次课小组答辩的形式（第十七周），评分标准如下：

1、创业项目的可行性（企业的想法和市场分析）：（40分）

（1）展示创业企业的基本情况，有创意，创业项目（产品或服务）具有可行性，提供制造产品或服务的完备计划，市场分析有调研并有充分的数据佐证。（30分—40分）

（2）展示创业企业的基本情况，创业项目（产品或服务）具有可行性，有市场分析和调研。（20分—30分）

（3）创业项目（产品或服务）具有可行性，有市场分析。（10分—20分）

2、公司（团队）战略和营销策略的可实现性：（30分）

（1）

有公司（团队）的一年规划和发展战略，组织机构图清晰，各部门

4、创业计划书的完整性：10分

完整的创业计划书基本包括项目概况、市场分析、营销策略、组织机构、财务计划、缺少一项扣2分，扣完为止。

教师: 胡丹映

3、项目财务计划的合理性：（20分）

（1）

有合理的营运前和营运前期的企业开办资金预算，产品或服务业务

一年的销售计划清晰合理，根据开办资金预算和一年的销售计划制订科学合理的企业融资和回报方案，记帐清晰。（15分—20分）

（2）

有较合理的营运前和营运前期的企业开办资金预算，产品或服务业

务有较清晰的一年的销售计划，根据开办资金预算和一年的销售计划制订相对合理的企业融资和回报方案，记帐较清晰。（10分—15分）

（3）

有企业开办资金预算，有一年的销售计划和企业融资、回报方案，有记帐。（5分—10分）的功能与责任明确，有明确的股东名单，包括认股权、比例和特权等，并有一套完善的营销策略，保证产品（或服务）能迅速打开市场或者在已有市场中保持优势。（20分—25分）

（1）

有公司的发展战略，有公司组织机构图，各部门的责任相对明确，有股东名单，并有相对完善的营销策略，保证产品能打开市场。（15分—20分）

（2）—15分）

有公司发展战略，各部门有人员及职责安排，有营销策略。（10分

篇2：科技英语翻译标准答案

UNIT 7 1．到目前为止，还没有一个竞争者能像iPad一样对消费者形成如此显著的影响。（so far）So far,none of these contenders like iPad has gained any significant influence on consumer.2．如果应当得当，新一轮全球化也许对中国这样的发展中国家更为有利。（be favorable for）When properiy handled, the new-round globalization can be more favorable for developing countries like China.3．她通常不随便花钱，要花也只是花她所挣的一小部分。（a fraction of）Generally, she is careful with her money, and spends only a fraction of her earning.4．演讲者应当向观众表述一些有意义，有见解的发言，让观众在思想上受益。（deliver…to）Speakers should deliver to audience a meaningful and insinghtful speech and make audience benefit from it.5．我得改掉每天晚上看电视的习惯。（wean oneself from）I have to wean myself from watching TV every night.UNIT 8 1．除了过强的北风外，此处为建设零碳环保建筑提供了理想的地理环境条件。（with the exception of）

With the exception of too-strong winds from the north, the location offers ideal geographical and environmental condition for a net-zero, environment-friendly building.2．此外，生态建筑挑战还限制了建材到工地的运输半径。（in addition）

In addition, living building challenge places limits on the transportation radius from the construction site.3．为了充分利用当地的天然资源，项目小组将能源实验室设计成沿地形逐渐降低的三部分。（to make the most of）

To make the most use of the local natural assets the project team developed the energy lab into three volumes that step down with the landscape.4．建筑管理系统在实验室能效监控方面起到了重大作用。（play a significant role in）The building management system plays a significant role in minitoring the lab’senergy efficency.5．考虑到项目小组为满足苛刻认证条件所作出的努力，该项目是真正的可持续建筑。（Given….）

Given all the effort involved in meeting the demanding requirement for the certification ,the project is a real sustainable building.UNIT 10 1．我们需要的一切是一些创造力和大量的时间和练习。（along with）All we need is some creativity along with plenty of time and practice.2．工厂由于未能遵守政府的安全条例而被关闭。（comply with）

The factory was closed for failing to comply with the government safety regulations.3．这个国家最终可能只是成为一个低成本的生产基地，而不是创新的发源地。（end up）This country could end up becoming simply a low-cost manufactoring base , not a source of innovation.4．为了帮助他们开拓新的市场，你有何具体计划？（open up）Do you have any particular plan to help them open up new market? 5．中国不惜一切代价去阻止台湾“独立”，包括发动战争。（wage）

篇3：科技创新管理没有标准答案

学术界分析科技创新管理的主流框架是所谓的“创新系统”方法, 强调各类创新主体之间的沟通和互动, 用“系统”的思维方法去辨识国家、产业、区域等不同层面创新活动的绩效, 并试图剖析创新过程中的“市场失灵”和“政府失灵”问题。

比较一致的看法是, 市场要在创新资源的配置中发挥基础性作用, 政府部门要提供与创新活动有关的各类公共产品和服务。但是对于政府实施科技创新管理的方式和手段, 从各国的实践来看, 并没有一个统一的模式。

政府科技创新管理要解决的一个核心问题是所谓“协调”, 这是由创新活动多主体、多环节的特征所决定的。经合组织 (OECD) 对各国创新政策的协调方式进行了调查评估, 分析了8类方式在创新政策协调中的贡献和作用, 得出了一些很有意思的结论。其中, 对创新政策协调作用贡献最大的协调方式, 是“国家创新战略和规划愿景”, 在规划制定过程中, 政府、企业、科研机构、大学等各方面可以就创新目标和政策措施等一系列重大问题达成共识。

我们在学习借鉴各国经验、对中国的科技创新管理进行“顶层设计”时, 比较容易忽略的一个问题是“历史传统”和“管理对象”的差异。各国的研究开发体系都有一个历史演进的过程, 代表了这个国家创新体系的基本形态, 而正是这种创新体系之间的差异会导致创新绩效的不同。政府科技创新管理方式的变化和职能调整, 很大程度上要尊重这种历史传统, 不可能“推倒重来”, 这也是“国家创新系统”分析框架背后所隐含的重要思想。

篇4：科技创新提升质量标准

“要想富,先修路”。这句曾广泛流行于中国农村的“谚语”,以中国经济的持续快速发展,历史地印证着其内在的朴素真理。“五纵七横”公路国道的建成,使中国公路总里程从89万公里增加到去年底的358万公里,30年,翻了两番;与之对应的是,我国的GDP总量翻了近4番。而今天,高速铁路又来了。

铁道部副部长王志国在今年的“两会”期间谈到,到2012年,我国铁路营业里程达到11万公里以上,最高时速可达350公里,每隔3分钟就可以开出一列列车,全天候运行基本不受雨雪雾的影响,到2012年,北京到全国省会城市都会在8小时以内。

不言而喻,一切将因此而发生新的改变。时空转换,距离缩短,节奏加快,生活方式更新,中国社会、中国经济、中国民生的质量,也将随之得以快速提升。而所有这一切,都来自于科技的有力促进。

据介绍,我国“高铁”建造技术,其中有6大创新已达世界先进水平,包括:工程建造技术、高速列车技术、列车控制技术、客站建设技术、系统集成技术和运营维护技术。铁道部总工程师何华武说,到目前为止,我们国家的高速铁路具有完全自主知识产权,没有和任何一家国外公司产生知识产权纠纷。到目前为止,我们已经申请了946项专利。一流的自主知识产权,已经得到许多国家的青睐,中国“高铁”已经开始进军海外。

早已蜚声海外的中国家电业的更新换代也悄然来临。以面世10年的平板电视为例,奥维营销咨询有限公司的监测数据显示,今年1月,国内平板电视零售量为495万台,同比增长81%,较去年12月份增长54%。这只是冰山一角。纵观家电市场,几乎在各领域,都是由“中国制造”主导。人民收入的提高,产品科技水平的突破,如“3D”电视,将使家电业将迎来又一个春天。

“低碳经济”将使中国制造业面临又一新的转机。新能源、节能减排,在新的世界经济潮流当中,我国的装备制造业前景无限。太阳能、风力发电、新能源汽车等领域的技术开发和运用,无疑是我国经济转型的重要标志。

手机、电视、互联网,“三网合一”技术的运用,也是正在发生的社会变革现实,包括正在逐步开始运用的“物联网”技术,其主要的特质,不仅是信息的集中化处理和共享,也能促进产品提供者与消费者进行互动,从而使质量服务的责任明确,效率提高。

食品安全问题已经被提到了关乎社会稳定与和谐的政治高度,“绿色食品”虽然还存在理想概念的成份,但据了解,为了保证质量安全,今后每个“绿色食品”都将有自己的身份证明。

所有这些技术变革,都将促使中国经济与社会的质量提升。

篇5：新标准大学英语2翻译、听力答案

1.Nowadays in China, it’s no longer so hard for high school graduates to go to university,because there are three times as many universities as there were 20 years ago.But to be admitted by a first-class university, you still need to be more competitive than your peers.2.It is worthwhile to spend money on this project, for the career skills you acquire in the process

are bound to help improve your prospects in your search for a job and all your efforts will eventually pay off.3.Though I can learn teamwork by working side by side with other volunteers, I need to pay for

the participation.I have to acknowledge that I am now spending more time doing part-time jobs to save up for the project, which makes me feel a shortage of time.4.Different sports have different requirements in terms of height, age, strength and stamina.Therefore, there are as many types of athletes as there are sports.There can be no doubt that anyone who wants to get some exercises can find the right sport.Listening:

Unit One: Listening in

Passage 2 :8: choose the best way to complete the sentence

1-----5: b d d b a

Unit 3: Listening in

Passage 1:3: correct the sentences according to the passage

1., but the policeman

2.if you’re going to bite someone

3.another 2,000

4.talking to the newspaper

5.sure what was happening

Passage 2:6.complete the factfile

Name of the victim: Anna Black

Date the attack took place: just over a week ago

Time of the day: about seven

Gender: male

Item: mobile phone

Helped the victim: two men

Time to arrive: five minutes

7.1-----5: b a a b d

Unit 4: Listening in

Passage 1 :

3.complete the incident report

Campus address: South Block, Room 18

Date of the fire: November 10

Time of the fire: 11 pm

Cause of the fire: He had a telephone conversation with his girlfriend and forgot about the chips

he was deep-frying, and then the chips and oil caught fire.To arrive: ten minutes

Damage done: The fire ruined the cooker, two kitchen units and one wall

Passage 2 :4.1-----5: d a a b c

8.1.just as many

2.how they behave

3.a gardening programme

4.do very well

5.to say to that

Unit 5 : Listening in

Passage 1 :

2.complete the sentences:1.businessman;11 years old

2.first name;his second name

3.the same age as

4.terrible four years;survives

5.his Japanese friend

6.strength;courage

3.1-----5 : b d a d b

Unit 6 : Listening in

篇6：新标准英语5B期末试卷及答案

1. Daming ___________( 画) a f lower on a piece of paper, and then he painted it.

2. I like reading the books , they are very ______________(有趣的).

3. The schoolbag is ______________(轻的). I can carry it on my back.

4. Beijing is a very important __________(地方 ) in China.

5. I ___________(遇见)my classmates at the gate yesterday.

Ⅶ.句子理解。(共15分)

A. 根据问句找出相对应的答句，将序号填入题前括号内。

( )1. What did she do ? A. I’m going to clean my car.

( )2. What are you doing? B. Some animals .

( )3. What music does he play ? C. We’re taking some photos.

( )4. What will we see in the zoo ? D. She played on the beach.

( )5. What are you going to do ? E. He plays Chinese music .

B.根据语境提示，选词并用其恰当的形式补全下列短文。

present visit send make give

I’m going to _______my cousin in America. What _______ can I take? Last year, I _______ him a book. This year, I want to _________him a different gift. Maybe you can help me to _______ a kite.

Ⅷ.情景交际。根据对话内容，从方框中选择正确选项，将其序号写在横线上。(每题2分，共10分)

Amy: Excuse me.

Librarian: I’ll look on the computer. Sorry, we haven’t got the DVDs.

Amy: Oh good. Where are they?

Librarian: __________________

Amy: Harry Potter is my favourite.

Librarian: Your library card, please.

Amy: ___________________

Librarian: Please give the books back in two weeks.

Amy: __________________

Ⅸ.阅读理解。(共15分)

A. 阅读短文，判断正误。正确的写“T”，错误的写“F”。

There are four seasons in a year. My favourite season is spring. It’s warm. There are flowers on the trees. I can see ducks in the river. I can go to the park and fly my kite. Amy loves summer. It’s hot. She can go swimming with her mother. She can wear skirts.

( )1. I love summer.

( )2. Amy’s favourite season is spring.

( )3. It’s hot in summer.

( )4. Amy can go swimming in winter.

( )5. I can fly my kite in the park in spring.

B. 阅读短文，选择最佳答案。

Ben is in Grade Three. He has a lot of hobbies. He likes playing basketball best. But he dislikes doing homework after school. And his teacher always finds a lot of mistakes in his homework.

Last Tuesday his math teacher Miss Black looked at Ben’s homework and saw that he got all his answers right. She was very surprised. The next morning before math class, Miss Black asked Tom to her office and said to him, “You got all your homework right this time. Who helped you? Did your parents help you?”

Ben’s parents often help him with his homework, but this time they didn’t help Ben because they weren’t at home. Ben answered, “ No, Miss Black. My mum and dad were very busy last night, so I did my homework by myself. ”

( )1. What is Ben’s favourite sport?

A. Basketball. B. Football. C. Baseball.

( )2. Does Ben usually do his homework by himself ?

A. Yes, he does. B. No, he doesn’t. C. I don’t know.

( )3. Why did Miss Black ask Ben to come to her office?

A. Because Ben got all his homework right.

B. Because Ben was naughty.

C. Because Ben got all his homework wrong.

( )4. Who often helps Ben with his homework?

A. Ben’s classmates. B. Ben’s friends. C. Ben’s mother and father.

( )5. What’s the meaning of the word “ dislike”?

篇7：科技英语翻译标准答案

阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15 各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers.Then again, teenagers have feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them.According to a recent daily research, the most commonbetween parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks.On the one hand, parents go mad overrooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with thethe towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.The research, conducted by St.George University, shows that different parents have different to these problems.However, some approaches are more than others.For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience theof their actions can do better.For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced totheir actions.Psychologists say thatis the most important thing in the parent-child relationships.Parents shouldto their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say.Parents maytheir children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space.Communication is a two-way process.It is only by listening to andeach other that problems between parents and children can be settled.1.A.naturalB.strongC.guiltyD.similar

2.A.interestB.argumentC.linkD.knowledge

3.A.noisyB.crowdedC.messyD.locked

4.A.homeworkB.houseworkC.problemD.research

5.A.washingB.usingC.droppingD.replacing

6.A.approachesB.contributionsC.introductionsD.attitudes

7.A.complexB.popularC.scientificD.successful

8.A.laterB.deliberatelyC.seldomD.thoroughly

9.A.behaviorB.tasteC.futureD.nature

10.A.failuresB.changesC.consequencesD.thrills

11.A.defendB.delayC.repeatD.reconsider

12.A.communicationB.bondC.friendshipD.trust

13.A.replayB.attendC.attachD.talk

14.A.hateB.scoldC.frightenD.stop

15.A.lovingB.observingC.understandingD.praising

篇8：新世纪科技英语翻译的标准与方法

目前, 关于翻译的标准众说纷纭, 有关这个问题的讨论和争执也从未停息过。而关于科技翻译的标准人们的认识似乎没有太大的异议。在实际工作中, 我们认为, 翻译一般要做到“忠实”和“通顺”, 就是译文要力求准确地表达原文的内容和风格, 同时在形式上又符合汉语的规范, 做到通顺流畅。“忠实”是“通顺”的基础, 译文如果不“忠实”, 再“通顺”也没有意义。反过来, 译文如果不通顺又必然影响到译文的“忠实”。但是, 科技翻译不必苛求译文词语的生动和文采的优雅, 因为它的目的不是供读者娱乐消遣或接受文化熏陶, 而是帮助译文读者提高科学技术水平, 从事科学技术研究, 解决生产生活中的实际问题。因此, 新世纪科技翻译的标准可简单概括为以下几点:

(1) 正确无误

众所周知, 科学技术对于准确性的要求特别严格, 大到理论的阐述, 小到数据的举证, 都不能有丝毫的谬误和误差。这就要求科技翻译也必须做到准确无误。鉴于此, “准确”是科技翻译的首要标准。它着眼于译文的内容, 要求确切无误地表达原文本的技术内容和思想内容, 不能有任何模棱两可之处。例如:

There are always crossed transverse steady and longitudinal alternatingfields.

译文①:始终存在着交叉横向稳定和纵向交变磁场。

译文②:始终存在着交叉的横向稳定磁场和纵向交变磁场。

从该例分析得出:译文①的意思不够明确, 容易让人把“交叉”、“横向”和“稳定”视为并列关系, 而且也与“纵向交变”并列, 共同修饰“磁场”一词, 让人误以为磁场具有两种特征。译文②增加了一个“的”字, 清楚地表明“交叉”修饰两个磁场, 又重复翻译了“磁场”这个词, 和原文名词fields对等, 使语义更明确。

(2) 通达顺畅

这是指译文应符合目标语的语言规则和行文习惯, 读起来通顺畅达、可读易懂。“顺达”是保证“准确”的基本条件, 它要求词语的选择、组合和搭配要恰到好处。句子的语序要恰当排列, 各句之间语义逻辑紧密衔接, 句型结构流畅, 能准确地传达原语的情态、时态、语态等, 并能恰当体现语义的重点。例如:

This possibility was supported to a limited extent in the tests.

译文①:在实验中这一可能性在有限的程度上被支持了。

译文②:在实验中, 在一定程度上, 这一可能性得到了证实。

译文③:这些实验在一定程度上证实了这一可能性。

译文④:这一可能性在实验中于一定程度上得到了证实。

分析:译文①似乎达到了“准确”的要求。但是, 翻译为被字句不符合汉语表达习惯。故其既不准确, 更不通顺, 即没有做到“顺达”。译文②停顿太多, 造成语句不通畅, 因而, 也不“顺达”。译文③虽然很通顺, 但是译文的语义重点发生了转移, 即用“这些实验”代替了原句的语义核心“这一可能性”。因而, 也没有做到“达”。译文④真正做到了“准确”和“顺达”。另外, 在翻译实践中, “准确”和“顺达”之间的关系是十分密切、相辅相成的, 不能割裂开来。

(3) 简单干练

科技英语从本质上说是实用英语, 所以译文要尽可能简练, 即简短而凝练, 没有冗词废字。换句话说, 应在准确、顺达的基础上, 力求简洁明快、精练概要。为此, 要使用删减法 (省译法) 来处理译文。例如:

Each product must be produced to rigid quality standard.

译文:每件产品均须达到严格的质量标准。

如果把这个句子译为“每件产品都必须生产得符合严格的质量标准”就显得生硬、啰嗦。

2 新世纪科技英语翻译的方法

新世纪科技英语翻译的方法包括直译和意译、增译和省译、合译和拆译、顺译和倒译等。这些翻译方法之间既有不同之处, 又有相互交叉之处。

(1) 直译和意译

直译是指要保留原文的语法结构形式和原文词语的书面意义, 力争译文既忠实于原文的内容又忠实于原文的形式。意译就是译文忠实于原文内容, 而不拘泥于原文的形式, 翻译时可以进行词语的省略和增补、词义的转换和延伸、词序的变动、句子结构和表达方式的转换等。在科技英语汉译时, 应尽可能采用直译, 只有当直译无法准确地传达原文内容时才采用意译。这是因为在描述科学内容时, 不同的语言虽然有表达形式的差异, 但是在内容方面不会有实质性的差异。而且, 科学领域不像文学、艺术等领域, 后者会因不同的民族特征、文化传统、社会习俗产生大量的“文化缺位”而导致翻译中的“难译”或“不可译”问题, 这时常采用意译法解决;而前者讲究准确、严谨、简洁, 故而其遣词造句十分规范, 各种结构之间的修饰关系、语义关系和逻辑关系都清晰明了, 因而多用直译的方法。例如:

Physics studies force, motion, heat, light, sound, electricity, magnetism, radiation。and atomic struct ure.

译文:物理学研究力、运动、热、光、声、电、磁、辐射和原子结构。

该例用的是直译的方法, 既做到了语义准确, 又保持了原文的形式。又如:

The patient chair is adjustable in three dimensions and precisely controlled by a joystick mounted right in front of the microscope where doctors can easily reach and accurately adjust prior to operation.

译文①:可三维调节的患者座椅由一操纵杆精确控制于显微镜正前方, 这正是医生所处的位置, 术前医生在此对显微镜作精确调节。

译文②:患者座椅可作三维调节, 由一个操纵杆精确控制;该操纵杆安装于显微镜正前方, 在此医生伸手可及, 可在术前作精确调节。

译文①看似通顺、流畅, 然而对照原文即可发现, 它与原文的含义有很大出入。译者忽略了mounted和reach这两个词。稍作推理不难发现, “安装在显微镜正前方的”应该是“操纵杆”, 医生站或坐在显微镜面前, 伸手就能容易地够到和准确地调控该操纵杆, 将患者座椅精确地调节到显微镜下方, 以便对患者进行手术。所以, 本句采用直译更清楚, 即译文②。

从以上二例可以看出, 在翻译实践中, 直译应避免死译、硬译致使文理不通, 意译应谨防随意发挥以致改变原貌。实际上, 直译、意译只是在切分对应层次的单位大小上有别, 并无实质性的区别。前者以词和短语结构为基本对应单位, 后者则扩大到句子与段落以求得更大范围内的翻译对应值。因此, 直译和意译要经常结合使用, 要以完整、准确、通顺地表达出原文为翻译的最终目的。

(2) 增译和省译

增译和省译主要是指在词语层面上的对等翻译而言。由于英语与汉语在表达上有很大的差异, 如果按原文一对一的翻译, 译文就很难符合汉语的表达习惯, 会显得生搬硬套、牵强附会。在汉译过程中, 为了使译文既能准确地表达原文的含义, 又符合汉语的表达习惯和修辞需要, 有时需要增加某些词或删减某些词。例如:

Stems provide mechanical support for leaves in erect plants and are an axis for attached leaves in horizontal plants.

译文:在直立生长的植物上, 茎为叶子提供了机械支撑;在水平方向生长的植物上, 茎为叶子依附的中轴。

本例增译了动词“生长”。又如:

A person with nerve damage in the spinal cord can grasp objects when his or her forearm muscles are activated by a device like this one.

译文:脊髓神经有损伤的人使用这样的装置后, 前臂肌肉被激活。便能抓握东西。

本例省译了代词his和her。

(3) 合译和拆译、顺译和倒译

合译和拆译涉及的是句子层面的对等翻译。在科技英语汉译时, 我们有时可以把原文句子的结构保留下来, 并在译文中体现出来。但是更多时候, 必须对原句子结构作较大的改变, 即进行合并或者拆分。顺译和倒译涉及翻译时语序的处理问题。科技英语翻译多采用顺译法, 这是出于对原文忠实的需要以及科技论述中上下文关联的需要。比如在条件句中, 如果原文将主句放在前面, 是侧重于在一定条件下可能产生的结果, 而放在后面的条件状语从句则是补充说明所需的条件, 那么在翻译时就应采取顺译, 而不必非按汉语的习惯, 把从句放在前面。

3 结语

上述所介绍的新世纪科技英语翻译标准与方法须灵活运用, 无论采用哪一种方法, 其目的都是为了能准确、顺达、简练地表达出原文。因此, 在科技英语的翻译实践中, 译者要注意采用不同方法, 灵活处理, 使译文既忠实于原文, 又符合汉语的表达习惯。

参考文献

[1]李丙午, 燕静敏.科技英语的名词化结构及其翻译[J].中国科技翻译, 2002 (2) .

[2]李少泽.浅议科技英语翻译的标准[J].科教创新, 2012 (4) .

[3]刘向红, 彭菊香, 罗晓语, 陈霞.科技英语中的名词化现象[J].湖南工程学院学报, 2007 (12) .

篇9：科技英语翻译标准答案

Part Four: Exercises1.Exercises in the text: Translating(From English into Chinese)

1)On university campuses in Europe, mass socialist or communist movements gave rise to increasingly violent clashes between the establishment and the college students, with their new and passionate commitment to freedom and justice.在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情投入到争取自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。

2)2)These days political, social and creative awakening seems to happen not because of college, but in spite of it.Of course, it’s true that higher education is still importantl For example, in the UK, Prime Minister Blair was close to achieving his aim of getting 50 per cent of all under thirties into college by 2010(even though a cynic would say that this was to keep them off the unemployment statistics).现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010年让50%的30岁以下的人上大学的目标（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。

3)I never hoped to understand the nature of my generation or how American colleges are changing by going to Lit Theory classes.This is the class where you look cool, a bit sleepy from too many late nights and wearing a T-shirt with some ironic comment such as “Been there, done that and yes, this IS the T-shirt”.我从没指望通过上文学理论课来了解我这一代人的特征，或了解美国大学在如何变化。这门课是让你在课堂上扮酷的----带着一丝熬夜太多的困劲儿，穿着一件T恤衫，上面印着“去过那儿，干过那事儿，对，这就是那件T恤衫”，或诸如此类带有揶揄意为的俏皮话。

4)We’re a generation that comes from what has been called the short century(1914-1989), at the end of a century of war and revolution which changed civilizations, overthrew repressive governments, and left us with extraordinary opportunities and privilege, more than any generation before.我们这一代人来自所谓的短世纪(1914-1989)，生于其后期。这个世纪充满了战争和革命，它改变了人类文明，推翻了强权政府，给我们留下了非同寻常的机会和特权。我们所得到的机会与特权比从前任何一代人都要多。

(From Chinese into English)

1）政府采取的一系列措施不但没有化解矛盾，反倒激起更多的暴力冲突。反对党联合工会发动了一次大罢工，最终导致政府的垮台。

Instead of resolvving contradictions, the series of measures taken by the government gave rise to more violent clashes.The Opposition formed and alliance with the trade unions and launched a general strike, which ultimately brought about the downfall of the government.2）如今，大学与现实世界的距离越来越小，学生也变得越来越实际。从前，大学是一个象牙塔，学者追求的是学问本身而不是把学问作为达到目的的手段，但这样的时代已经一去不复返了。

Nowadays, the gap between the university and the real world is shrinking and students are becoming more and more practical.Gone are the days when the university was an ivory tower in which scholars pursued knowledge as an end rather than a means to an end.3)我从未指望靠上课来学好这门课。但我确实去听课，因为在课上我能了解这门课的重点，学会如何组织材料、如何推理。

I never hoped to learn the subject well by attending those lectures.But I did go to lectures, for it was the place where I could get the important points of the course and learn how to organize materials and how to reason.4）我一直想法设法解决这个难题，但就是找不到满意的答案。可是当我去厨房喝饮料的时候，我突然间灵机一动，意识到解决问题的方法实际上可能很简单。

Although I have been trying every means to solve the problem, I cannot work out a satisfatory solution.But when I went to the kitchen to get a drink, something clicked and made me realize that the solution might be quite simple.Unit 2Translating

(From English into Chinese)

1)Such motor mimicry, as it is called, is the original technical sense of the word empathy as it was first used in the 1920s by E.B.Titchener, an American psychologist.Titchener’s theory was that empathy stemmed from a sort of physical imitation of the distress of another, which then evokes the same feelings in oneself.这种所谓的运动神经模仿就是“同感”的原始技术含义，而“同感”这个词于20世纪20年代由美国心理学家E.B.铁钦纳首次使用。铁钦纳的理论是：同感发自对他人痛苦的一种身体模仿，这种模仿继而在自身引起同样的心理感受。

2)He sought a word that would be distinct from sympathy, which can be felt for the general plight of another with no sharing whatever of what that other person is feeling.Motor mimicry fades from toddlers’ repertoire at around two and a half years, at which point they realize that someone else’s pain is different from their own, and are better able to comfort them.他当时在寻找一个与同情有所区别的词；同情是针对他人的一般困境而发的，无须分担他人的任何感受。小孩两岁半左右就渐渐不再有运动神经模仿行为，那时他们会意识到别人的痛苦与自己的不同，会更有能力安慰别人。

3)I also love the split-second shocked expression on the new people, the hasty smiles and their best imitations of what they think of as their “normal faces”.If they do the ritual well enough I turn my head ever so slightly and tuck my hair behind one of my ears, whichever one’s closer to them.我也喜欢生人脸上那瞬间的震惊表情，匆忙的微笑和他们竭力装出的“正常脸色”。如果他们这套仪式做得够好，我就会微微转过头，把头发掖到离他们较近的那只耳朵后面。

4)“I mostly just read lips because it was easier to pick up than signing, although that’s not the only reason I was staring at your lips,” I told him.He laughed.We talked more, and then the host upped the music volume and dimmed the lights for the “dance floor”, and I had to lean in much, much closer to be able to continue reading his lips in the semi-darkness.And read his lips I did.我告诉他说：“我基本上只读唇语，因为这比用手语更容易，但这不是我一直盯着你的嘴唇的唯一原因。”他大笑起来。我们又说了一会儿话。后来，主人放大音乐的音量，调暗“舞池”的灯光；我不得不凑近他，近得多得多，以便能在昏暗中接着读他的唇语。我的确读到了他的唇语。

(From Chinese into English)

1）一看见抽屉里的那些老照片，我的眼泪就涌了出来。它们让我想起了我跟爷爷奶奶、爸爸妈妈、兄弟姐妹一起生活的美好时光。

The moment I saw those old photos in the drawer, tears welled up in my eyes, for my memory went back to the days when I lived happily with my grandparents, my parents and my brothers and sisters.2）有个学生踩到地上的一滩水滑倒了。周围的人反应各异，有的关心地走上前去看他是否受伤了、能为他做点什么；有的则站在一边不知所措；有的干脆就不理。

When a student slipped on a pool of water and fell over, people’s reaction diverged from one another.Some approached caringly to see of he was hurt and if they could help;some just stood there confusing over what to do about it;while others just tuned out.3）上星期六上午，我像往常一样去超市购物。我刚要打开车门，却发现没带钱包。我只好回家去找，可是哪儿也找不到。

Last Saturday morning, I did the usual and went shopping in the supermarket.When I was about to open the door of my car, I found that I did not have my wallet on me.I could do nothing but go back home in search of it, but I failed to find it anywhere.4）我上小学二年级的时候，我们班有个同学得到的生日礼物是一辆红色的遥控车。我们大家只有羡慕的份，却不能也去买一辆，因为那种遥控车很贵，而且还是在香港买的，那时候在我们看来香港和美国一样遥不可及。

When I was a second grader, one of my classmates got a red radio-controlled toy car as a birthday gift.The rest of us could only admire, but could not imitate, because the car was expensive and was bought in Hong Kong, a place which seemed to us as far away as New York at that time.Unit 4(From English into Chinese)

1)The objective importance of an event is obviously not enough—there are plenty of enormous global issues out there, with dramatic consequences, from poverty to global warming—but since they are ongoing, they don’t make the headlines on the same day.9/11, in contrast, was not just international, but odd, unexpected, and(in the sense that it was possible to identify with the plight of people caught up in the drama)very human.一个事件光有客观重要性显然还不够——世界上有大量全球性的大问题，都会造成戏剧性的后果，从贫困问题到全球变暖问题——但由于它们都是进行中的，并不都集中在同一天上头条。对比之下，9/11不仅具有国际性，而且奇特怪异、出人意料，还（可能使读者对深陷那场悲剧中的人们的痛苦感同身受，从这个意义上讲）极具人性。

2)But TV news is not necessarily more objective or reliable than a newspaper report, since the images you are looking at on your screen have been chosen by journalists or editors with specific objectives, or at least following set guidelines, and they are shown from a unique viewpoint.By placing the camera somewhere else you would get a different picture.但是，电视新闻未必比报纸报道更客观或更可靠，因为你在屏幕上看到的图像是经记者或编辑根据特殊的目的，或至少是按照预定指示筛选过的；它们是从一个独特的视点展现给观众的。如果把摄像机移到别的地方，你就会看到另一番景象。

3)The Internet provides an easy outlet for anyone with an opinion, and there’s nothing a newspaper editor likes more for reassurance about their work than feedback and opinions, as diverse as possible.Teenagers today don’t remember a time when they didn’t have the Internet, and reading a newspaper is something they only do if they have assignment to write about the specific medium of print journalism.互联网为任何有意见的人提供了一个便利的窗口；报纸编辑最喜欢的莫过于给他们提供各种不同的反馈和意见，他们能从中得到安慰。如今十几岁的少年已不记得曾经没有互联网的日子了；只有在写关于印刷新闻这一特定媒体的作业时他们才去读报。

4)So maybe the newspaper won’t die without a struggle.Trends for the future of newspaper include an increase demand for local news, and the continued exploitation of lifestyle journalism,which began in the late 1980s, especially within personal finance and travel, will create new revenue streams.如此看来，报纸是不会轻易消失的。未来报纸发展的趋势包括对本地新闻需求的日益增长，而始于20世纪80年代后期的对生活方式新闻的持续开发利用—尤其在个人理财和旅游方面—将会创造新的收入来源。

(From Chinese into English)

1）这个消息来得如此突然、如此令人震惊，我在沙发上呆呆坐了几分钟。我的第一本能反应就是赶紧打电话把这件事告诉领导，看看我们能为那些在这起交通事故中死伤的同事做些什么。

So sudden, so striking was the news that I sat motionless on sofa for a few minutes.My first instinct was to call our leaders to tell them what had happened and see what we could do for those colleagues who died or got injured in this

traffic accident.2）纸版的儿童图书与电子书相比有很大的优势。对孩子们来说，一本印刷精美的纸版书不仅是一本书也是一个玩具。纸版书的感觉与在屏幕上读书的感觉是很不同的。

Paper books for children have an enormous advantage over e-books.For children, a beautifully printed paper book is not only a book but also a toy they can play with.Reading a paper book is rather different from reading a book on the screen.3）近年来，传统媒体呈现出衰退的趋势，新媒体迅速发展。尽管如此，这并不一定意味着传统媒体已经失去市场。若谈到阅读新闻之类，人们还是习惯于像报纸这样的传统媒体。In recent years, traditional media are in the tendency of decline and new media are developing rapidly.However, this does not necessarily mean that traditional media have lost the market.When it comes to reading things like news, people are still used to such traditional media a newspaper.4）随着金融危机的爆发，许多企业陷入了困境。对于那些因缺乏流动资金无法进行再生产又不想让恶性循环继续下去的企业，他们唯一能做的事情就是向政府求助。With the explosion of the financial crisis, many enterprises find themselves in difficulties.For those who have no circulation fund to invest in new production and would not let the vicious circle continue, the only thing they can do is to turn to government for help.Unit 7

Translate the sentences into Chinese.1.我以前也经常这样为他扔木头。根据木头的不同重量和我动作的大小，我知道它们大概能飞多远。但这块木头赶上了一阵疾风，朝着床单想去的方向飞过了院子，越过了围栏，最后以溜冰高手般的优美动作滑进湖水里。(翻译时应弄清作者为什么扔木头，抓准语气。注意caught a gust及depending on的意思。)

2.接下来的一瞬间我已经站在水里，霍根用前爪破冰朝我游过来。一路上冰块的侵扰似乎让他受了些惊吓，但他绝对能控制得住自己。我尽量向前趟，直到我的双脚陷进湖底的烂泥，冰冷的湖水浸透了我的夹克。我站在那儿等着。（如直译为“湖底在我的重量下塌陷”则言过其实；把施动者换成“我”来译这句更符合汉语的习惯。）

3.它会认人、选择食物、识别道路。但这是否意味着它有思维能力呢？如果有的话，又如何证实呢？我们对动物的认知是经过过滤的，是建立在人类对世界的理解的基础上的，我们常常把人类的情感和思想投射到其他动物身上。（Our perceptions„of the world是翻译难点。建议把句子拆分，才能使译文清晰易懂。）

4.许多20世纪的科学家轻视这些发现，认为它们不可靠，这是受了拟人说的影响，即根据人的特征来判断动物。但是，现在舆论的天平/钟摆已经不再向那些认为动物像机器一样没有智慧的观点倾斜/靠拢了，而是向达尔文的观点倾斜。大范围的动物研究表明：智慧之根在动物界的分布既深又广，变化多端。（the pendulum is „ back towards Darwin’s ideas是比喻，注意其译法。）

Translation the sentence into English.1.The burglars were throwing the stolen items to the pickup and were just about to drive awaywhen the guards watching over the living quarters found them and called the police.2.2.The tree soldiers had walked with difficulty through the woods for a whole day, trying tonavigate to the east bank of the river, only to find that they had been circling in the woods and were still dozens of miles short of their destination.3.3.It seems to me that the scholar who talked about animal intelligence this morning hasobviously overestimated the animal intelligence.She went so far as to suggest that chimpanzees can communicate with humans through computers.4.4.As volunteers, what we need to do is not just limited to smiling to those who come to us forinformation and help.We must also learn skills for cross-cultural communication, without which our performance cannot be satisfactory.Unit 9

1.Exercises in the text: Translating(From English into Chinese)

1)There can be no doubt that this sort of cooperative approach can help many students develop personal skills which will help improve their prospects in their search for a job.One of the most well-known personality tests used by employers when interviewing candidates, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator(MBTI),puts the extrovert / introvert dichotomy at the top of the list of personality traits it tries to analyze.毫无疑问，这种合作学习法能帮助许多学生培养有助于改善就业前景的个人技能。公司在面试应聘者时使用的最有名的人格测试之一是“迈而斯－布里格斯性格分类法”（简称MBTI）,这种分类法把外向/内向性格两分法置于他所分析的人格特征列表之首。

2)For students who choose to offer their talents in this way, one side effect is to gain a wealth of experience to be added to the CV, which will not go unnoticed by future employers.But a word ofwarning is in order: You should remember what your priorities are.对那些选择在这些方面施展才能的学生而言，还有个意外的收获：可以把他们获取的丰富经验写进个人履历里，而未来的雇主是不会不注意到这些经验的。不过提醒一句：你应该记住自己的首要目的是什么。

3)We set up their annual cataract eye camp, with free cataract surgery for the local elderly or anyone that needed an eye check.We helped set up the school, cleaned it out, and turned the classroom into the surgery room.It was called the “operation theater.” The first two days werededicated to the eye surgery, and the rest of the week to the eye camp.我们帮他们搭建每年一度的白内障治疗营地，为当地老年白内障患者免费做手术，或为有需求的人检查眼疾。我们帮他们在学校里安装设备，打扫环境，将教室变成外科手术室，称为“手术教室”。头两天帮忙做眼科手术，后五天在白内障营地帮忙。

4)They were a bit unorganized, which could have been improved with better communication between the local agencies and VFP.The best part was bonding with the volunteers, and the agencies did a good job in varying our tasks„ We got to know the locals.Every time I think about riding through the rice fields, being invited in for tea, it makes me smile.他们做事不太有条理，如果地方机构与和平志愿者组织之间能更好地相互沟通的话，事情就会顺利一些。最好的经历是与其它志愿者建立友情，地方机构尽量给我们分配不同工种的活。。。我们结识了很多当地人。每当想起骑车穿过稻田应邀去当地人家喝茶的情景，我就会发自内心地微笑。

(From Chinese into English)

1）如今对中国的中学毕业生而言，上大学已经不是什么太困难的事情了，因为现在大学的 数量已经是二十年前的三倍。但是要被一流大学录取，你还要比同龄人有更强的竞争力才行。(times„as many as)

Nowadays in China, it’s no longer so hard for high school graduates to go to university, because there are three times as many universities as there were 20 years ago.But to be admitted by a first-class university, you still need to be more competitive than your peers.2）你花钱参加这个项目是值得的，因为你从中获得的职业技能可以改善你的就业前景，而且你所有的努力终将会得到回报。(acquire;prospects;pay off)

It is worthwhile to spend money on this project, for the career skills you acquire in the process are bound to help improve your prospects in your search for a job and all your efforts will eventually pay off.3））虽然通过和这些志愿者并肩工作，我可以学会怎样与他人合作，但我得交参加费。我不得不承认为此我正在花费更多的时间去兼职挣钱，这让我总觉得时间不够用。(work side by side with„;acknowledge;save up for)

Though I can learn teamwork by working side by side with other volunteers, I need to pay for the participation.I have to acknowledge that I am now spending more time doing part-time jobs to save up for the project, which makes me feel a shortage of time.4)不同的运动在身高、年龄、力量、耐力等方面对参加者有不同的要求。因此有多少种运动就有多少类型的运动员。想参加运动的人总能找到合适的项目。(in terms of;as many„as;no doubt)