弹簧术语中英文对照表

2024-04-12

弹簧术语中英文对照表(共6篇)

篇1:弹簧术语中英文对照表

弹簧术语中英文对照表

中文 英文 简写

线径 Wire diameter d移除 Remove

外径 Outside of diameter O.D立定处理 Setting

内径 Inside of dimeter I.D应力消除 Stress relieve

中心径 Mean coil diameter C.D弹簧刚度产生单位变形量的弹簧负荷 Spring constant有效圈数 Active coil Number Na强压(拉、扭)处理 Prestressing

总圈数 Total number of coils Nt开口不磨平Open ends, not ground

自由长度 Free lengh F.L弹簧箍固紧簧板的金属箍 Buckle

自由高度 Free height F.H冲击试验 Impact test

卷方向 Winding负荷 Load(P)

右旋 Right hand screw环 Loops

左旋 Left hand screw模量 Modulus

材质 Material开口磨平Open ends ground

一般钢线 SWC铝板 Aluminum plate

琴钢线 SWP-B(For press force)中文 英文

SWP-A(For pull force)压实外径不超过 Outside dia sold, not more than

不锈钢线 Stainless steel热处理加工品检报告 Heat-treatment QC report

闭端研磨 Closed and ground钩 Hooks

表面处理 Surface treatment自由内径不小于 Inside dia free , not less than

低温热处理 Low temperature heat treatment客户名称 customer

万能材料试机 Universal test machine装配高度(基本)Assembled height(Basic)

安全荷重 Total safe load出货单号 Job NO.最大荷重 Maximum load装配高度之负载 Load at assembled height

压时之荷重 Load at pressing length品名 Proname

防锈油 Preventing rust oil压实高度不超过 Sold height , Not more than

电镀 Electroplating硬度要求/硬度值 Hardness/Hardness value

电解 Electrolytic线径(约)Dia of wire(approx)

镀洛 Chroming变形量 Distortion

镀锌 Zinc-plating批号 Batber

五彩镀锌 Colored-plating两端闭合并磨平Ends closed and ground flat

染黑 Black-dyeing数量 TTL OTY.烤漆 Paint drying操作高度(基本)Operating height(basic)

钝化 Passivating重量 TTL WT.

永久变形 Permanent set操作高度之负载 Load at operating height

斜率 Rate(R)

弹性比率(参考)Spring rate(Ref)

依照规格式化MIL-S-13572制造,I型,A级,珠击 Manufacture in accordance wire spec MIL-S-13572 type I , gradea ,shot peen高度18和12之间,负载变化为20+5KG Change in load between 18 and 12 height 20+5kg

注:钢,515H或50B60H.规格为QQ-S-624 notes:Steel 515H or 50B60H.Spec QQ-S-624

钢板 Stainless Plate

弹簧销 Spring pin

钢线弹簧 Spring wire

螺旋形状、螺旋线 Helix

氢脆变 Hydrogen embrittlement

初始负荷 Initial load

疲劳试验 Fatigue test

闭收口 Closed ends

磨平闭收口 closed and ground ends

密身 Close-wound

Permanent deformation / Temporary deformation:永久变形弹簧卸荷后自由高度(长度、角度)

Pre-set:To remove permanent set prior to application installation.Active number of coils(turns):有效圈数计算弹簧刚度时的圈数

Axial pitch: 轴向节距截锥涡卷弹簧轴向的节距

Angular relationship of ends:收口的角关系拉簧的钩环的相对位置

Baking:Heating of electroplated springs to relieve hydrogen embrittlement.Characteristic:弹簧特性工作负荷与变形量之间的关系

Diameter of wire cord:索径多股螺旋弹簧钢索直径

Deflection:变形量(挠度)弹簧沿负荷方向产生的相对位移

Deflection at ultimate load:极限负荷下的变形量弹簧在极限负荷下沿作用方向产生的相对位移

Free height(length):自由长度(高度)弹簧无负荷时的长度(高度)

Free angle:自由角度扭转弹簧无扭矩作用时两臂的夹角

Height(length)at ultimate load:极限高度(长度)弹簧承受极限负荷时的长度(高度)

Hot-setting: 加温立定处理在高于弹簧工作温度条件下的立定处理

Initial tension(Pi):初如拉力密圈螺旋拉伸弹簧在冷卷时形成的内力,其值为弹簧开始产生拉伸变形时所需要的作用力

Mean diameter or coils:弹簧中径弹簧内径和中径的平均值

Modulus in compression:压缩模量橡胶弹簧在压缩时的弹簧模量

Number of end coils:支承圈数弹簧端部用于支承或固定的圈数

Pitch:节距螺旋弹簧两相邻有效圈截面中心线的轴向距离

Pitch of wire cord:索距多股螺旋弹簧钢索中钢丝的导程

Radial pitch:径向节距截锥涡卷弹簧径向的节距

Spring flexibility:弹簧柔度单位工作负荷下的变形量

Spccified load:工作负荷弹簧工作过程中承受的力或扭矩

Torque(M):扭矩,转矩扭簧的弯曲动作,等于负荷乘以从负荷到弹簧轴向的移动距离

Twist angle of strands:索拧角多股螺旋弹簧钢索中心线与钢丝中心线的夹角

Total number of coils(turns):总圈数

Ultimate load:极限负荷对应于弹簧材料屈服极限的负荷

Ultimate torsional angle:极限扭转角扭转弹簧承受极限负荷时的角位移

Working ultimate load:工作极限负荷弹簧工作中可能出现的最大负荷

Working height((length):工作高度(长度)弹簧承受工作负荷时的长度(高度)的变化不能恢复的部分称为永久变形,能恢复的称为暂变形或滞弹性变形

Working torsional angle:工作扭转角扭转弹簧承受工作负荷时的角位移

篇2:弹簧术语中英文对照表

分析证书 certificate of analysis 一致性证书 cettificate of conformity 质量证书 certificate of quality 测试报告 test report 产品性能报告 product performance report 产品规格型号报告 product specification report 工艺数据报告 process data report 首样测试报告 first sample test report 价格/销售目录 price/sales catalogue 参与方信息 party information 农产品加工厂证书 mill certificate 家产品加工厂证书 post receipt 邮政收据 post receipt 重量证书 weight certificate 重量单 weight list 证书 cerificate 价值与原产地综合证书 combined certificate of value adn origin 移动声明A.TR.movement certificate A.TR.数量证书 certificate of quantity 质量数据报文 quality data message 查询 Query 查询回复 response to query 订购单 purchase order 制造说明 manufacturing instructions 领料单 stores requisition 产品售价单 invoicing data sheet 包装说明 packing instruction 内部运输单 internal transport order 统计及其他管理用内部单证 statistical and oter administrative internal documents 直接支付估价申请 direct payment valuation request 直接支付估价单 direct payment valuation 临时支付估价单 rpovisional payment valuation 支付估价单 payment valuation 数量估价单 quantity valuation request 数量估价申请 quantity valuation request 合同数量单 contract bill of quantities-BOQ 不祭价投标数量单 unpriced tender BOQ 标价投标数量单 priced tender BOQ 询价单 Enquiry 临时支付申请 interim application for payment 支付协议 Agreement to pay 意向书 letter of intent 订单 order 总订单 blanket order 现货订单 sport order 租赁单 lease order 紧急订单 rush order 修理单 repair order 分订单 call off order 寄售单 consignment order 样品订单 sample order 换货单 swap order 订购单变更请求 purchase order change request 订购单回复 purchase order response 租用单 hire order 备件订单 spare parts order 交货说明 delivery instructions 交货计划表 Delivery schedule 按时交货 delivery just-in-time 发货通知 delivery release 交货通知 delivery note 装箱单 packing list 发盘/报价 offer/quotation 报价申请 request for quote 合同 contract 订单确认 acknowledgement of order 形式发票 proforma invoice 部分发票 partial invoice 操作说明 operating instructions 铭牌 name/product plate 交货说明请求 request for delivery instructions 订舱申请 booking request 装运说明 shipping instructions 托运人说明书(空运)shipper’s letter of instructions(air)短途货运单 cartage order(local transport)待运通知 ready for dispatch advice 发运单 dispatch order 发运通知 Dispatch advice 单证分发通知 advice of distribution of documents 商业发票 commercial invoice 贷记单 credit note 佣金单 commission note 借记单 debit note 更正发票 corrected invoice 合并发票 consolidated invoice 预付发票 prepayment invoice 租用发票 hire invoice 税务发票 tax invoice 自用发票 self-billed invoice 保兑发票 Delcredere invoice 代理发票 Factored invoice 租赁发票 lease invoice 寄售发票 consignment invoice 代理贷记单 factored credit note 银行转帐指示 instructions for bank transfer 银行汇票申请书 application for banker’s draft 托收支付通知书 collection payment advice 跟单信用证支付通知书 documentary credit payment advice 跟单信用证承兑通知书 documentary credit acceptance advice 跟单信用证议付通知书 documentary credit negotiation advice 银行担保申请书 application for banker’s guarantee 银行担保 banker’s guarantee

跟单信用证赔偿单 documentary credit letter of indemnity 信用证预先通知书 preadvice of a credit 托收单 collection order 单证提交单 documents presentation form 付款单 payment order 扩展付款单 extended payment order 多重付款单 multiple payment order 贷记通知书 credit advice 扩展贷记通知书 extended credit advice 借记通知书 debit advice 借记撤消 reversal of debit 贷记撤消 reversal of credit 跟单信用证申请书 documentary credit application 跟单信用证 documentary credit 跟单信用证通知书 documentary credit notification 跟单信用证转让通知 documentary credit transfer advice 跟单信用证更改通知书 documentary credit amendment notification 跟单信用证更改单 documentary credit amendment 汇款通知 remittance advice 银行汇票 banker’s draft 汇票 bill of exchange 本票 promissory note 帐户财务报表 financial statement of account 帐户报表报文 statement of account message 保险赁证 insurance certificate 保险单 insurance policy 保险申报单(明细表)insurance declaration sheet(bordereau)保险人发票 insurer’s invoice 承保单 cover note 货运说明 forwarding instructions 货运代理给进口代理的通知 forwarder’s advice to import agent 货运代理给出口商的通知 forwarder’s advice to exporter 货运代理发票 forwarder’s invoice

货运代理收据证明 forwarder’s certificate of receipt 托运单 shipping note 货运代理人仓库收据 forwarder’s warehouse receipt 货物收据 goods receipt 港口费用单 port charges documents 入库单 warehouse warrant 提货单 delivery order 装卸单 handling order 通行证 gate pass 运单 waybill 通用(多用)运输单证 universal(multipurpose)transport document 承运人货物收据 goods receipt, carriage 全程运单 House waybill 主提单 master bill of lading 提单 bill of lading 正本提单 bill of lading original 副本提单 bill of lading copy 空集装箱提单 empty container bill 油轮提单 tanker bill of lading 海运单 sea waybill 内河提单 inland waterway bill of lading 不可转让的海运单证(通用)non-negotiable maritime transport document(generic)大副据 mate’s receipt

全程提单 house bill of lading 无提单提货保函 letter of indemnity for non-surrender of bill of lading 货运代理人提单 forwarder’s bill of lading

篇3:弹簧术语中英文对照表

关键词:保险,术语,翻译,译者,工具书

1 Introduction

Insurance plays an important role in protecting against dangers to life and property and promoting savings and investment.Insurance industry in China has been absorbing insurance rules and terms and learning from abroad,especially after the implementation of opening-up and reform in China.China's entry to the World Trade Organization has also facilitated this trend.

With the emerging market of insurance,the demand for insurance references is increasing.Nowadays the printed or online versions of insurance encyclopedia,dictionaries and glossaries are available.This paper explores these resources that are accessible in the library of Chinese University of Hong Kong from the points of terminological record,the usefulness in facilitating the translation and standardization of terms.It points out the appropriateness and deficiencies of these resources and the paper concludes that the standardization of terms is essential for the development of insurance industry.

2 A Brief Review of Insurance Terminologies in Different References

2.1 Terminological record

Terminological record contains all the information relevant to a term.Cabré(1999)pointed that the information of a term can be presented in different models to meet specific needs and objectives.She listed that the standard terminological records usually contain information about"identification of the term,entry term,source of term,grammatical category,subject area(s),definition,source of the definition,context(s),source of the context,cross-references,author of record and data written…source of each equivalent(p.124)."

Apart from the encyclopedia,the resources that I have consulted are small-sized or medium-sized,so the number of terms covered is quite restricted.The presentation of terms varies in different resources.The English insurance terms are presented alphabetically.The Chinese terms are ordered according to the thematic categorization or strokes or the initial sound of the first word.Some insurance dictionaries and encyclopedia contain entries and descriptions of terms.Examples in the same language are also provided in such dictionaries to clarify the description For instance,"the drunken man shoots other people death"is an example for the term"wrongful death".The compliers also mention the equivalence or antonym of the term.For instance,"insurance"means the same thing with"assurance".Insurance dictionary published by Silver Lake Publishing is the only one dictionary that label terms.When a term belongs to the automobile insurance,a cartoon of car is labeled below the term.Such resources are informative and thus can satisfy the decoding need of users.

However,the final goal of the terminology compilation is to achieve appropriate communication.Apart from the reference need,the pragmatic information and encoding need of users can not be ignored.From this point of view,there are some deficiencies with these resources.

The first one is that the terminological information provided in some monolingual and bilingual insurance dictionaries is quite limited.For example,Glossaries of Insurance Terms compiled by the Hong Kong Federation of Insurers merely contains the English terms and their equivalents in Chinese.Most of the resources that I access do not record the grammatical category,contexts and cross reference of the term.Without such information,one may meet obstacles when deal with terms that are polysemous and have different parts of speech.Users may have no clear idea about how the terminological unit functions grammatically and how to use the terms appropriately.One of such terms is"cover".

1)Periods to be covered保险期间

2)Commonly known as an"All Risks Policy",the insurance contract covered accidental loss in buildings and household contents.

家居综合保单,保障投保人的居住单位和家庭意外造成的损失。

3)Mr.Liang then explained the policy covers to me.

梁先生逐向我解释保单所提供的保障。

The above sentences show that"cover"can be used both as a verb like the first two examples and a noun such as the third one.

The second problem with these resources is that the lack of cross reference,which may confuse the readers.Scholars such as Sager and Dungworth&McDonald(1980)held that a special language can be divided into different levels of specialization(as cited in Cabré,1999).A specialized dictionary such as insurance dictionary can be used by experts for professional communication or by the layman for the consultation of general information Thus,the cross-reference is necessary for users to have a better understanding of terms.

The third problem faced by the present printed insurance dictionaries is timely updating.The compilation of printed insurance dictionaries has to take a long time although it has speeded up with the assistance of computer,For example,according to Google book,the latest English-Chinese insurance dictionary was published in 2009 and the latest English one was in 2002.

At present,glossary of insurance terms can be found online The striking feature of such resource is that they are portable free and provide quick search.The interface is user-friendly and users can click the hyperlink to obtain further information such as illustrations on the screen.In addition,the online resources are machine readable,so they can be easily processed by computer and become part of the terminological data banks.However,at present the glossaries or dictionaries of insurance online are issued by government,insurance companies or individuals like translators.The main problem is that the online glossaries are not as complete as those in hard copies.Their quality is not guaranteed.

2.2 Usefulness in facilitating translation

Translation aims at facilitating the precise and unambiguous communication among professionals.Translation relies on the bilingual vocabularies.Bilingual terms in the dictionaries or glossaries can improve the efficiency of translators.

However,it always happens that some terms and their equivalents are not listed in the available dictionaries or glossaries.On this occasion,translators have to find equivalents by themselves.Different translators may come up with different versions.Three reasons may account for this.The first one is that the personal style,competence and insurance knowledge of translators.Secondly,the updating of knowledge has accelerated than ever before.Thirdly,the regional or historical factors effect the translating.Domino theory(of accident causation)is translated into“多米诺事故发生理论”and“骨牌效应”by adopting different translation methods.A typical case for the third reason is that the same insurance term can be rendered differently in mainland,China,Hong Kong and Taiwan.For example,the equivalents of administration bond are行政担保(mainland,China),遗产承办保证(Hong Kong)and遗产管理费用(Taiwan)consequential loss is rendered into后续损失(mainland,China)从属损失(Taiwan)and后果损失(Hong Kong).

2.3 Standardization of terms

Just as mentioned above,the translation of the same term is inconsistent due to several factors.Even for the same concept,it can be expressed by different terms.For instance,"insurance agent"or"underwriting agent"refers to the same thing that is“保险代理人”in Chinese.Similarly,“保险标的”can be rendered into"subject matter"or"subject-matter insured".The equivalents for“担保人”are"surety"or"guarantor".

These inconsistencies may hinder the effective and complete communications.Therefore,it is necessary to standardize these terms.

In the industry of insurance,standardization contributes to achieving effective and complete communication by discarding other variants for the same concept and choosing one alternative over others.Standardization involves fixing a concept with a more precise and appropriate linguistic form."Mortality table"was translated into“生命表”in mainland but now it is translated into“死亡表”which is commonly used in Hong Kong.From this point,some terms have a tendency to be consistent with globalization and increasing communication.Just as Sager mentioned that,standardization plays a crucial role in establishing an agreed system of concepts and their symbolic representation to facilitate communication(1990).

3 Conclusion

This paper discusses the problems that exist in the insurance encyclopedia,dictionaries and other resources from three perspectives.Some deficiencies such as inconsistencies of terms are illustrated.To achieve professional and unambiguous insurance communication worldwide and enhance the competitiveness of domestic insurance industries,it is essential to standardize the insurance terms and achieve successful translation.

参考文献

[1] Budin G,Wright S E.Handbook of Terminology Management [M].Amsterdam; Philadelphia:J.Benjamins Publishing Compa- ny,1997.

[2] Cabré M T.Terminology: Theory, Methods and Applications [M].Amsterdam; Philadelphia: J. Benjamins Publishing Com- pany,1999.

[3] Sager J C.A Practical Course in Terminology Processing[M]. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: J. Benjamins Publishing Company, 1990.

[4] 陈彩稚.保险字典[M].台北:广场文化出版事业有限公司, 1999.

[5] 何靜芝,吴申元,魏原杰.中国保险百科全书[M].北京:中国发 展出版社,1992.

[6] 吳越,徐文虎,乌通元.中国保险词典[M].北京:中国社会科学 出版社,1989.

[7] 香港保险业联会.保险业常用词汇[M].香港:香港保险业联 会,1996.

篇4:弹簧术语中英文对照表

[关键词] “编辑学”英文术语 讹传

[中图分类号] G230 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1009-5853(2012) 01-0023-04

[Abstract] The paper reviews the coin of the term “Redactology” by the author and its misrepresentation in the process of citation by the circles of redactology in China. It is helpful for reminding people of what right citation is and how the history of redactology in China will be recorded.

[Key words] Redactology Misrepresentation

近日不期收到我国编辑和出版界老前辈邵益文先生的来信[1],令晚辈喜出望外。邵老希望我谈谈当年在美国《克利夫兰旗帜日报》(Cleveland Daily Banner)刊登《中国人研讨编辑学》一文的来龙去脉,以免学界就“编辑学”的英文术语Redactology和所谓的美国报道以讹传讹。

我按令即行。原因有三:一是难辞邵老盛情,深为邵先生的精神所感动;二是确有澄清的必要,以免编辑学界在撰写我国编辑学史时以讹传讹;三是怀着一己之见,如鲠在喉:我于1990年8月26日发表在美国报纸上那篇短文中所用的“编辑学”英文术语“Redactology”并非源于林穗芳先生。大致情形是这样的。

我当时兼职于《河南大学学报》编辑部,主编是王振铎教授,张如法教授是资深编审。张如法教授在他的博客[2]上对我和这件事这样记述道:

周领顺先生现在是扬州大学教授,当时为河南大学公共外语教研室教师。他英语水平极高,被《河大学报》编辑部聘请为外语稿件的兼职编辑与英语目录翻译。他业余喜欢写些英语短文,常给美国《克利夫兰旗帜日报》投稿并获刊载。《河大学报》编辑部的一位先生便请周领顺写写学报的编辑学研究情况,给该报投稿,并得刊载,署名为周领顺(汉语拼音)先生。这当然是件好事。

我在《河南大学学报》编辑部工作期间,适逢王振铎教授等撰写的《编辑学通论》一书出版。王老师要我用英语写个书评,碰巧美国的《克利夫兰旗帜日报》向我约稿。我和该报有多年联系,在河南大学读本科时发表了第一篇用英语写的文章Christianity in China is Reviewed(1985年4月11日),后来陆续发表了十几篇,主要写一些中国的民风民俗。该报对我信任有加,聘我做专栏作者,称有稿必发,且配以“编者按”和我的照片,连我孩子1995年出生的纪念文字和大幅照片也刊载了(1995年11月19日),这些短文有几篇还转录于我主编的《英语写作》(中国人事出版社2000年版)一书中。“编者按”不乏溢美之词,如1987年3月31日刊发拙文时赞扬道:Zhou Ling Shun, whose command of a foreign language (English) is remarkably good…。

这家报纸是美国田纳西州克利夫兰市的一份市报,读者面有限。为了方便读者阅读,我故意把我的名字Zhou Ling Shun分开写(按规则应拼为:Zhou Lingshun),竟使他们分不清我的姓氏,报纸上常称呼我为Shun(顺)而不是Zhou(周)先生,比如该报在刊发我这篇编辑学书评(Chinese groups studying ‘redaction’)时配发了王老师和我的照片,照片下方就注的是:Duo(铎)和Shun(顺)。这些英语文章全是闲来习作,主要以练习英语文笔为目的。虽后来不再投稿,但原件和来往信件至今保存着;虽然纸张均已发黄,但一切历历在目,宛然如昨。

该书评的发表,封藏的是一段美好的回忆,从不奢望有什么反响。尽管后来因特网遍布千家万户,而我也时常上网搜索有关我的信息,但从未检索到该文及其可能的反响。迟至2009年5月,我在网上检索我的信息时链接到张如法教授博客上所写的一篇文章,题目是《编辑学存在研究学派之论的虚妄性》。在这篇文章中,与我有关的信息张教授是这样记述的:

上个世纪,曾出现一种说法:美国有关学界也认可中国“编辑学”一词及其英文翻译名,有美国报纸为证。发表此小消息的原河南大学外语部周领顺先生对我说,那是他听说我校学报在研究编辑学后写的,那张报纸并非是美国主流媒体,甚至不是大报,影响很小,是他想发表英文习作,锻炼锻炼能力时找到的,以后常有联系,根本谈不上美国学界已认可。难怪,北京的一位有名的学者在听说美国有关学界也认可中国“编辑学”一词及其英文翻译名时,发出疑问道:中国编辑学会为什么不知道这件事?美国学界为什么不通过北京的研究机构了解中国编辑学研究的情况呢?眼下盛行浮夸吹嘘之风,以提升政绩、名望,此风也该刹刹了!

我顺着该线索往下寻找,不禁愕然,旋即在张教授的博客中简单作了回应。张如法教授在“附记”中写道:

《克利夫兰旗帜日报》只是该市的一家报纸,影响有限。中国人写投并发表此稿件,并不意味着“中国系统的出版理论研究已在20世纪90年代引起了西方的关注”,也不意味着美国传播学界也认同“编辑学”采用周领顺先生提出的redactology英语译名。

该书评被多人引用,沸沸扬扬,且讹误不断,靠臆猜立论者不在少数。转眼20年过去了,应前辈邵先生之约,就此将有关事实向编辑学界作个汇报并讨论有关问题。该书评的英语原文是:

Chinese groups studying ‘redaction’(Book Review)

Editor’s Note: Zhou Ling Shun is an English teacher at Henan University in China, who occasionally submits articles to the newspaper. The following is a book review he wrote about “General Redactology”.

I would like to introduce a newly-developed Chinese science to my Western readers—“redactology”, or the study of editing and publishing.

The study of editing and publishing has been going on all over the world, but in-depth study of redaction as a form of serious learning is very rare. In recent years, Chinese editing circles have started studying redaction, thus, the term“redactology”has been coined.

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Since the beginning of this new science in 1983 to now, some pictorials and over 10 books on redactology have appeared. The latest, most systematic and comprehensive is “General Redactology”, which was published by the Henan University Publishing House in October 1989.

“General Redactology” was written by Wang Zhen Duo, a well-known professor at the famous Henan University and several others.

The book is good, both in theory and in practice. It introduces several new innovative theories of editing, including those which follow the rules of information screening. In practice, it outlines principles and concrete approaches to the editing of news, science, literature and art, broadcast, film, and TV, textbooks, local records and reference books, etc .

Western readers, especially those in editing circles, may be interested in learning more about redactology. If you would like to obtain a copy of “General Redactology”, an English translation can be made available to you. For more information, contact me by writing Zhou Ling Shun, Public English Department, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan P.R.China.

About the author: Wang Zhen Duo, professor of literature and redactology at Henan University, and also Special Research fellow of China’s Publishing Research Institute.

我提出的问题与我的解答有两点。

一是学界对Redactology一语在做法上有两个极端。第一种极端是,在提及《克利夫兰旗帜日报》这篇书评时将Redactology归于林穗芳先生。网上[3]看到有道编辑学考题问的是哪国人首先提出了英文的“编辑学”术语,当然认可的是来自中国的林穗芳先生。比如,作者吴飞在《“天才编辑”的消失与编辑学研究的困境》中就写道:“1990年8月26日美国《克利夫兰旗帜日报》有一篇关于中国编辑学研究情况的报道,文中的‘编辑学’也采用了林穗芳先生所创的redactology。”王波在《编辑学刊》2000年第5期发表的《编辑学为什么首先在中国诞生》一文也作如是说。

林先生是编辑学界名家,认可英文的“编辑学”术语源于林先生无可厚非:一是林先生确实经过了深思熟虑,二是提出的时间也早于我。这些是近来检索有关信息时才得知的。但是一定说我发表于《克利夫兰旗帜日报》上所用的Redactology来自林穗芳先生,我却不敢苟同。

王一禾在《出版发行研究》1999年第11期发表的《得益于内容,获教于治学态度:读〈中外编辑出版研究〉》一文还作恍然大悟状:

1990年8月26日,美国《克利夫兰旗帜日报》报道说,中国新近发展起一门科学——编辑学,并创造了编辑学的英文术语redactology。最近读了林穗芳先生所著《中外编辑出版研究》(武汉,华中师大出版社1998年版,以下简称《研究》),才知道首创这个英文术语的中国人就是他。

王先生还在《编辑之友》2010年第4期发表的《一笔一画的觉悟:追忆恩师林穗芳先生》一文中明确说:“美国《克利夫兰每日旗帜报》1990年8月28日报道我国编辑学研究进展情况时采用了这一术语,并承认这是一门new science(新科学)。”他虽然把美国的这份报纸名称重新翻译了一遍,可惜把发表日期误写为28日。

第二种极端是说到redactology乃“编辑学”的英文术语时,经常和我那篇文章挂钩。比如有一份资料叫《出版专业基础(中级)编辑概论》,其中这样写道:“把编辑学作为一门独立的学科来研究,是从中国开始的。美国《克利夫兰旗帜日报》1990年8月26日发表一篇报道,作者在其中说道:……”。有一份《编辑学概述》的资料也写道:“我国最早提出编辑学。1990年美国报纸进行了这方面的报道。英文redactology。”

我不在编辑学界,编辑学的信息不够敏感,也不够畅达。但作为一个外语学者,在英语redact(编辑)一词后加个-ology(学问、学科)后缀来表示一个学科,是一种本能的、自然的构词联想,这是构词常识。比如,“翻译学”(translatology)就是在translate(翻译)后加上-ology构成的。况且,在此基础上,我在文章中还作了进一步的解释,即:or the study of editing and publishing(或者说是编辑和出版的学问/即对编辑和出版的研究)。从这个角度讲,命名的理据不够充分并不是最关键的,只要有同位语做出解释并做到自圆其说即可。

二是有的甚至将所评介的书名弄错了,比如有人写道:“(美国)《克里夫兰旗帜日报》载文:《中国人研讨编辑学》,在欧美出版物中第一次使用了中国人创造的编辑学术语redactology,评介了《编辑学原理论》一书。”

在引用该书评时,夸大宣传是比较突出的现象。比如吴赟在《“写给‘而立之年’的编辑出版学:对我国编辑出版学科发展的总结与前瞻”》写道:

1990年8月26日,美国《克利夫兰旗帜日报》(Cleveland Daily Banner)以题为《中国有组织地从事编辑研究》的文章报道了中国编辑学的研究情况。可见,中国的编辑出版学已在20世纪90年代初受到西方关注。

赵航在《出版科学》2002年第4期发表的《析编辑学中的变量因素 :读〈编辑学理论纲要〉的联想》更是把“大洋彼岸”的上述反应看得特别重要:

这门学问是由中国编辑和学者搞起来的。……就连大洋彼岸也有了反应。1990年8月26日美国《克利夫兰旗帜日报》在报道中说:“我想向我的西方读者介绍中国新近发展起来的一门科学——编辑学。在全世界一直对编辑出版进行研究,但把编辑工作作为一门严整的学问加以深入研究则很少见。”

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王波在《编辑学刊》2000年第5期发表的《编辑学为什么首先在中国诞生》一文的一个小节标题还以“国外媒体的承认”为题进行了报道,认为“报道的内容和语气都表明, 国外至少是西方一直到1990 年代是没有编辑学的。”

龚维忠甚至在《编辑学研究综述》(《湖南大学学报》2000年第1期)引述阙道隆等著的《书籍编辑学概论》(辽宁教育出版社1996年版)写道:

1990年,美国《克利夫兰旗帜日报》介绍中国的编辑学研究情况时,最先接受了国际用语Redactology的英文表达形式,说明由中国人最早提出的编辑学这门独立学科已经得到国际认可。

以上仅限于网上检索到的部分信息,至于未上网的信息又是怎样传播的,却不得而知。

编辑学界的作者似更应强调引文的规范:当引用二手资料时,要么努力寻求第一手资料去求证,追根溯源,要么明确标以“引自”或类似的文字。像作者杨春兰所写的《在艰难中探索 在探索中前进:关于河南大学编辑出版学专业建设》模糊地叙述为“美国《克里夫兰旗帜日报》载文《中国人研讨编辑学》,在欧美出版物中第一次使用了中国人创造的‘编辑学’术语——redactology,评介了《编辑学通论》一书”,虽然宣传效果甚佳,但读者不免会产生疑虑:作者何许人也?通过什么途径了解了中国的编辑学?也许有读者会产生错觉,误以为该文作者是美国编辑出版传播界的有名人士而发出的赞许之声。

就该书评的整个传播过程看,学界似有先入为主、错误判断语词来源的不当之处。在把“Redactology”和《克里夫兰旗帜日报》对号入座时,这个英文术语一定是作者周领顺构造的,起码文中没有任何词语或叙述证明它来自林穗芳先生。

我的“Redactology”一语是否被美国接受?张如法教授在博客中提及了林先生的疑问。他说,“林穗芳先生精通几国文字,是人民出版社的资深编辑,韬奋奖得主,他最早以疑问的口气提出:说西方学界关注并认同中国首创编辑学一词,为什么没有通过中国编辑学会来传递信息?”当众人把Redactology一语发明权全归功于林先生时,他却没有简单接受,而是对美国报纸上我这篇短文和所谓的美国接受产生了疑虑。

据《关于“编辑学”国际用语定名问题的通信》(《编辑之友》1996年第2期)一文说,林穗芳先生在写给孙同志的信中介绍道,他在《明确基本概念是出版科学研究的重要课题》一文中引用过我这个书评,见于1993年出版的《第六届国际出版学研讨会论文集》(北京高等教育出版社1994年版,第85—86页)。在这封信的末尾,林先生说:“《克里夫兰旗帜日报》大概是通过河南大学的渠道获悉中国编辑学研究情况,所以报道中特别推荐了河南大学专家教授的研究成果。”

不管是哪位学者第一次引用鄙文或者是出于什么样的需要,均无可非议。林先生转引自哪里,已作交待,但他始终没有明白作者是谁、是怎么刊载与传播的,潜意识中也认为是外国媒体主动报道的。遗憾的是,先生生前没能见到我的原文,不然早会阻止讹传之风,因为原文的“编者按”清楚地写着:“周领顺是中国河南大学的英语教师”。

未来中国编辑学史会怎样记录这段历史?比如吴赟在《河南大学学报》2008年第5期发表的《中国编辑出版研究学术史简论》一文中写道:

1990年8月26日,美国《克利夫兰旗帜日报》(Cleveland Daily Banner)以题为《中国有组织地从事编辑研究》的文章报道了中国编辑学的研究情况。可见,中国系统的编辑出版学理论研究已在20世纪90年代引起了西方关注。

周国清在《编辑学导论》写道:

1990年出版的姜振寰主编的《交叉科学学科辞典》、1994年出版的《第六届国际出版学研讨会论文集》,其中的“编辑学”均译为redactology。1992年10月通过的中国编辑学会章程第一条把中国编辑学会的名称定为China Redactology Society。1990年8月26日美国《克利夫兰旗帜日报》关于中国编辑学研究情况的报道中的“编辑学”也采用了redactology,可见国外至少西方一直到20世纪90年代都没有编辑学。

诸位作者都是把这个书评作为编辑学史的一部分来讨论的。笔者期望编辑学界在未来讨论《克里夫兰旗帜日报》上这篇书评和中国编辑学史的关系、“编辑学”英文术语“Redactology”一语的诞生和传播等有关信息时,加以甄别并慎重对待之。

注 释

[1]邵益文先生的信:

周领顺先生:

您好!

友人下载了张如法先生和您对《克利夫兰旗帜日报》刊登《中国人研讨编辑学》的博客对话送我,让我这个闲人了解一点情况。据记忆这段文字,国内引用者不止一二人,首引者可能是林穗芳先生或王振铎先生,后来就增加了。这事不大,但正如你们博客上写的那样,我认为有必要加以澄清,免得以讹传讹。为此,我很希望您能写一篇文章,讲一讲来龙去脉,在相关报刊上予以发表,以便像我这样不玩电脑的老朽也可以了解真相,又可避免有人再予炒作,影响学界风气。

顺颂

冬安!

邵益文 敬上

2010.11.2

[2] 张如法.编辑学存在研究学派之论的虚妄性[OL].http://blog.sina.com.cn/zrf269

[3] 文中的有关检索信息,均来自Baidu网上检索工具,具体网址不再一一注明。

(收稿日期:2011-05-28)

篇5:机械设计名词术语中英文对照表

阿基米德蜗杆 Archimedes worm 安全系数 safety factor;factor of safety

安全载荷 safe load 凹面、凹度 concavity 扳手 wrench

板簧 flat leaf spring半圆键 woodruff key 变形 deformation 摆杆 oscillating bar

摆动从动件 oscillating follower 摆动从动件凸轮机构 cam with oscillating follower

摆动导杆机构 oscillating guide-bar mechanism

摆线齿轮 cycloidal gear

摆线齿形 cycloidal tooth profile 摆线运动规律 cycloidal motion 摆线针轮 cycloidal-pin wheel 包角 angle of contact 保持架 cage

背对背安装 back-to-back arrangement

背锥 back cone ; normal cone 背锥角 back angle

背锥距 back cone distance 比例尺 scale

比热容 specific heat capacity 闭式链 closed kinematic chain 闭链机构 closed chain mechanism 臂部 arm

变频器 frequency converters

变频调速 frequency control of motor speed

变速 speed change

变速齿轮 change gear change wheel

变位齿轮 modified gear

变位系数 modification coefficient 标准齿轮 standard gear

标准直齿轮 standard spur gear

表面质量系数 superficial mass factor 表面传热系数 surface coefficient of heat transfer

表面粗糙度 surface roughness 并联式组合 combination in parallel 并联机构 parallel mechanism 并联组合机构 parallel combined mechanism

并行工程 concurrent engineering 并行设计 concurred design, CD 不平衡相位 phase angle of unbalance

不平衡 imbalance(or unbalance)不平衡量 amount of unbalance

不完全齿轮机构 intermittent gearing 波发生器 wave generator 波数 number of waves 补偿 compensation

参数化设计 parameterization design, PD

残余应力 residual stress

操纵及控制装置 operation control device

槽轮 Geneva wheel

槽轮机构 Geneva mechanism ; Maltese cross

槽数 Geneva numerate 槽凸轮 groove cam 侧隙 backlash

差动轮系 differential gear train 差动螺旋机构 differential screw mechanism

差速器 differential

常用机构 conventional mechanism;mechanism in common use 车床 lathe

承载量系数 bearing capacity factor 承载能力 bearing capacity 成对安装 paired mounting 尺寸系列 dimension series 齿槽 tooth space 齿槽宽 spacewidth 齿侧间隙 backlash

齿顶高 addendum

齿顶圆 addendum circle 齿根高 dedendum

齿根圆 dedendum circle 齿厚 tooth thickness 齿距 circular pitch 齿宽 face width 齿廓 tooth profile 齿廓曲线 tooth curve 齿轮 gear

齿轮变速箱 speed-changing gear boxes

齿轮齿条机构 pinion and rack 齿轮插刀 pinion cutter;

pinion-shaped shaper cutter 齿轮滚刀 hob ,hobbing cutter 齿轮机构 gear 齿轮轮坯 blank

齿轮传动系 pinion unit 齿轮联轴器 gear coupling 齿条传动 rack gear 齿数 tooth number 齿数比 gear ratio 齿条 rack

齿条插刀 rack cutter;rack-shaped shaper cutter

齿形链、无声链 silent chain 齿形系数 form factor

齿式棘轮机构 tooth ratchet mechanism

插齿机 gear shaper

重合点 coincident points 重合度 contact ratio 冲床 punch

传动比 transmission ratio, speed ratio

传动装置 gearing;transmission gear 传动系统 driven system 传动角 transmission angle 传动轴 transmission shaft

串联式组合 combination in series 串联式组合机构 series combined mechanism

串级调速 cascade speed control 创新 innovation creation 创新设计 creation design

垂直载荷、法向载荷 normal load 唇形橡胶密封 lip rubber seal 流体轴承 magnetic fluid bearing 从动带轮 driven pulley 从动件 driven link, follower

从动件平底宽度 width of flat-face 从动件停歇 follower dwell

从动件运动规律 follower motion 从动轮 driven gear 粗线 bold line

粗牙螺纹 coarse thread 大齿轮 gear wheel 打包机 packer 打滑 slipping

带传动 belt driving 带轮 belt pulley

带式制动器 band brake

单列轴承 single row bearing

单向推力轴承 single-direction thrust bearing

单万向联轴节 single universal joint 单位矢量 unit vector

当量齿轮 equivalent spur gear;virtual gear

当量齿数 equivalent teeth number;virtual number of teeth

当量摩擦系数 equivalent coefficient of friction

当量载荷 equivalent load 刀具 cutter 导数 derivative 倒角 chamfer

导热性 conduction of heat 导程 lead

导程角 lead angle

等加等减速运动规律 parabolic motion;constant acceleration and deceleration motion

等速运动规律 uniform motion;constant velocity motion

等径凸轮 conjugate yoke radial cam 等宽凸轮 constant-breadth cam

等效构件 equivalent link 等效力 equivalent force

等效力矩 equivalent moment of force

等效量 equivalent

等效质量 equivalent mass

等效转动惯量 equivalent moment of inertia

等效动力学模型 dynamically equivalent model 底座 chassis 低副 lower pair

点划线 chain dotted line(疲劳)点蚀 pitting 垫圈 gasket

垫片密封 gasket seal 碟形弹簧 belleville spring 顶隙 bottom clearance

定轴轮系 ordinary gear train;gear train with fixed axes 动力学 dynamics

动密封 kinematical seal 动能 dynamic energy

动力粘度 dynamic viscosity 动力润滑 dynamic lubrication 动平衡 dynamic balance 动平衡机 dynamic balancing machine

动态特性 dynamic characteristics 动态分析设计 dynamic analysis design

动压力 dynamic reaction 动载荷 dynamic load 端面 transverse plane

端面参数 transverse parameters 端面齿距 transverse circular pitch 端面齿廓 transverse tooth profile 端面重合度 transverse contact ratio 端面模数 transverse module 端面压力角 transverse pressure angle

锻造 forge

对称循环应力 symmetry circulating stress 对心滚子从动件 radial(or in-line)roller follower

对心直动从动件 radial(or in-line)translating follower

对心移动从动件 radial reciprocating follower

对心曲柄滑块机构 in-line slider-crank(or crank-slider)mechanism

多列轴承 multi-row bearing 多楔带 poly V-belt

多项式运动规律 polynomial motion 多质量转子 rotor with several masses

惰轮 idle gear

额定寿命 rating life 额定载荷 load rating II 级杆组 dyad

发生线 generating line发生面 generating plane法面 normal plane

法面参数 normal parameters 法面齿距 normal circular pitch 法面模数 normal module

法面压力角 normal pressure angle 法向齿距 normal pitch

法向齿廓 normal tooth profile

法向直廓蜗杆 straight sided normal worm

法向力 normal force

反馈式组合 feedback combining 反向运动学 inverse(or backward)kinematics

反转法 kinematic inversion 反正切 Arctan

范成法 generating cutting 仿形法 form cutting

方案设计、概念设计 concept design, CD

防振装置 shockproof device 飞轮 flywheel

飞轮矩 moment of flywheel 非标准齿轮 nonstandard gear 非接触式密封 non-contact seal

非周期性速度波动 aperiodic speed fluctuation

非圆齿轮 non-circular gear 粉末合金 powder metallurgy

分度线 reference line;standard pitch line

分度圆 reference circle;standard(cutting)pitch circle

分度圆柱导程角 lead angle at reference cylinder

分度圆柱螺旋角 helix angle at reference cylinder 分母 denominator 分子 numerator

分度圆锥 reference cone;standard pitch cone

分析法 analytical method

封闭差动轮系 planetary differential 复合铰链 compound hinge

复合式组合 compound combining 复合轮系 compound(or combined)gear train

复合平带 compound flat belt 复合应力 combined stress

复式螺旋机构 Compound screw mechanism

复杂机构complex mechanism 杆组 Assur group干涉 interference

刚度系数 stiffness coefficient 刚轮 rigid circular spline 钢丝软轴 wire soft shaft

刚体导引机构 body guidance mechanism

刚性冲击 rigid impulse(shock)刚性转子 rigid rotor 刚性轴承 rigid bearing 刚性联轴器 rigid coupling 高度系列 height series 高速带 high speed belt 高副 higher pair

格拉晓夫定理 Grashoff`s law 根切 undercutting 公称直径 nominal diameter 高度系列 height series 功 work

工况系数 application factor 工艺设计 technological design 工作循环图 working cycle diagram 工作机构 operation mechanism 工作载荷 external loads 工作空间 working space 工作应力 working stress

工作阻力 effective resistance 工作阻力矩 effective resistance moment

公法线 common normal line 公共约束 general constraint 公制齿轮 metric gears 功率 power

功能分析设计 function analyses design

共轭齿廓 conjugate profiles 共轭凸轮 conjugate cam 构件 link

鼓风机 blower

固定构件 fixed link;frame 固体润滑剂 solid lubricant

关节型操作器 jointed manipulator 惯性力 inertia force

惯性力矩 moment of inertia ,shaking moment

惯性力平衡 balance of shaking force 惯性力完全平衡 full balance of shaking force

惯性力部分平衡 partial balance of shaking force

惯性主矩 resultant moment of inertia 惯性主失 resultant vector of inertia 冠轮 crown gear

广义机构 generation mechanism 广义坐标 generalized coordinate 轨迹生成 path generation 轨迹发生器 path generator 滚刀 hob

滚道 raceway

滚动体 rolling element

滚动轴承 rolling bearing 滚动轴承代号 rolling bearing identification code 滚针 needle roller

滚针轴承 needle roller bearing 滚子 roller

滚子轴承 roller bearing 滚子半径 radius of roller 滚子从动件 roller follower 滚子链 roller chain

滚子链联轴器 double roller chain coupling

滚珠丝杆 ball screw

滚柱式单向超越离合器 roller clutch 过度切割 undercutting

函数发生器 function generator函数生成 function generation含油轴承 oil bearing 耗油量 oil consumption

耗油量系数 oil consumption factor 赫兹公式 H.Hertz equation

合成弯矩 resultant bending moment 合力 resultant force

合力矩 resultant moment of force 黑箱 black box 横坐标 abscissa

互换性齿轮 interchangeable gears 花键 spline

滑键、导键 feather key 滑动轴承 sliding bearing 滑动率 sliding ratio 滑块 slider

环面蜗杆 toroid helicoids worm 环形弹簧 annular spring

缓冲装置 shocks;shock-absorber 灰铸铁 grey cast iron 回程 return

回转体平衡 balance of rotors 混合轮系compound gear train 积分 integrate

机电一体化系统设计

篇6:常见钣金设计术语中英文对照表1

海外工程图面标注说明英文化.------------------

表一(工程图面中最常用的专用术语)

中文名称 英文名称 中文名称 英文名称

向上抽孔 upward extrude 压线 score

向下抽孔 downward extrude 垫脚 locator

正面压螺母(钉)(柱)positive pressing nut(screw)(standoff)色拉孔 counter sink反面压螺母(钉)(柱)negative pressing nut(screw)(standoff)向上凸点 upward bump正面色拉孔 positive counter sink 向下凸点 downward bump反面色拉孔 negative counter sink 向上半剪 upward halt-shear向上抽芽孔 upward threaded hole 向下半剪 downward halt-shear向下抽芽孔 downward threaded hole 半剪 halt-shear

向上反折压平upward folding and flattening 接地标志 ground symbol向下反折压平downward folding and flattening 螺柱 standoff点焊 spot weld 穿孔(通孔)through hole

丝印 silk screen 抽引,抽凸 draw,extrude

攻芽 tap 冲孔 pierce(piercing)

断差 offset 变形 deformation

压平(两个料厚)hem 成形 form(forming)

向上抽引,抽凸 upward draw,form 凸点 bump

向下抽引,抽凸 downward draw,form 拉钉 rivet

扩孔 enlarge hole 规格大小 specification

代号 mark 数量 amount

加工性质 character 备注 instruction

表二(钣金设计中常用的其它术语)

中文名称 英文名称 中文名称 英文名称

扩孔

enlarge hole 自铆 self-chinching

全周压毛边

all round burr平头拉钉 set-head rivet

表面处理

finish 定位销 dowel pin

挂钩

hook平头铆钉 closed-end rivet

焊接线 weld line 塑料固定栓 fastener,plastic,push-type

压合胶粘剂 presure sensitive adhesive 尼龙绑带 tie wrap,nylon五金件 hardware 泡棉静电导片 gasket,foam,emi

贴纸 labeling 铍铜静电导片 gasket,becu,emi烤漆 paint 圆头螺钉 button-head screw电镀 plating平头螺母 nut flush铭板 nameplate平齐自铆 flush,self-clinching包装 packing 紧固螺丝 fix screw铁材零件 sheet metal parts 组装 assembly塑料零件 plastic parts 凹陷,顶针 sink mark压边铆钉 open-end rivet / /

插孔 jack / /

弹簧螺丝 fsnr,cap,scr / /

表三(钣金设计中常用的其它术语)中文名称 英文名称 中文名称 英文名称

厚度 thick 文字,记号 charactor半冲孔 spring slice 角 corner

基座 chassis 自锁螺母 nut self-clenching承座 bracket 轴肘式铆接 toggle lock承架 horsing 卡尺 cali per

下盖 base

打印字模 stamp letter

去毛边 deburr

反面 farside

正面 inside

下料 blank(blanking)

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