西南科技大学2013年秋大二英语期末考试翻译资料

2024-07-17

西南科技大学2013年秋大二英语期末考试翻译资料(精选2篇)

篇1:西南科技大学2013年秋大二英语期末考试翻译资料

Unit 1.Jim Doherty may not be a born farmer, but he gets by without too much trouble.Not that he has had it easy.That first hard winter he faced must have left him with the temptation to give up and go back to the city.But he managed to get through it without losing heart.He’s picked up a lot of skills since then and made some real improvement to his farm,though without much laborsaving machinery,aside from that old rotary cultivator.I suspect he doesn’t make all thar much,though he does have his writing to supplement what little profit he makes from the farm.I guess he does it primarily for the quality of life.Certainly,they seem a happy family and you can often see them out working together,one day spraying apple trees,the next stacking firewood.吉姆多尔蒂可能不是一个天生的农民,但是他没有太多的麻烦。不,他过得很轻松。第一个严冬一定使他面临放弃的诱惑,回到城里。但他设法通过它而不失去信心。他学会了很多技能,自那时以来,使一些真正的改善自己的农场,虽然没有太多的省力机械,除了老旋耕机。我怀疑他不让所有的东西,尽管他有他的写作补充什么利润很少,使他从农场。我猜想他这样做只是为了生活质量。当然,他们似乎是一个幸福的家庭,你可以经常看到他们一起外出工作,一天喷苹果树下堆放柴草。

Unit 2.The Underground Railroad was forged by the efforts of those who were prepared to fight against slavery and stand up for the long-suffering Southern black Americans.Some of those who helped to transport slaves to the north and freedom were former slavers themselves.Others felt compelled to take part because of their deeply held convictions.For many of those involved, liberating the slaves from those who exploited them became a mission.While their eventual goal was to abolish slavery completely, in the meantime they were intent on helping to free as many slaves as possible, often at considerable risk.In the eyes of slave owners, they were dangerous enemies and frequently received death threats.地下铁道在那些立志反抗奴隶制度的人们的努力下建成,支持长期受苦的美国南方黑人。其中一些人帮助运送奴隶到北方和解放的地方,他们以前也是奴隶。另外有一些人因为坚定的信念而积极参与。对于参与到其中的许多人来说,用他们解放奴隶变成了一项任务。他们的总体目标是完全废除奴隶制度,同时致力于帮助解放尽可能多的奴隶,常常使得他们处于相当危险的境地。

Unit 3.Statistics show that crime in rural areas is now rising faster than in the cities.The era when the countryside stood for safety and security has long gone.No longer is it safe anywhere to go out leaving the door on the latch.We all feel vulnerable and seek to strengthen the barriers we use to hold criminals at bay.These can range from old fashioned bolts and bars to the latest electronic devices.A moment’s reflection, however is enough to bring us face to face with the following puzzle: we may have locked the evils out,but in doing so we have locked ourselves in.This hardly seems a civilized way of life.统计数字表明,现在乡村地区犯罪率的上升快于城镇。乡村地区更加安全的时代结束了。插上门当就可以安全出门的日子已不复存在。在海湾地区,我们感觉安全方面的脆弱,试图加固我们用来预防犯罪分子进入的设施。这些设施和方法从过时的加固装置、栅栏到最先进的电子设备应有尽有。然而,稍稍想一下,我们就会面临一个困惑:我们也许

把邪恶挡在了外面,可同时也把我们自己锁在了家里。这似乎不是一个文明的生活方式啊。

Unit 5.Alex Haley was at sea when he started thinking how best he could mark Thanksgiving.Turing over the meaning of the holiday in his mind, he came to reverse the order of the words and got to thinking about giving thanks.How, he wondered, could the repay those who had been so helpful to him in the past? It seemed to him the the best way he could express his gratitude would be to write to them.For too long he had gong about without troubling to tell them how much he appreciated all that they had done for him.Before long he had assembled pen and paper and was immersed in assemble writing.Not long after the ship reached port,people started unloading its cargo together with his letters.The replies were not swift in arriving,but when they did, he found them deeply moving.在•哈利考虑如何庆祝感恩节的时候,他人还在船上。他在脑海中反复掂量着感恩节的意义,并最终觉得应将感恩节(Thanksgiving)的倒过来,他要表达自己的感谢(giving thanks)。那么,如何才能报答那些曾在过去给予自己很大帮助的人们呢?•哈利认为最好方法就是给他们写信。因为自己四处漂流的时间太长,一直没能告诉他们对于他们为自己所做的一切的感激之情。不一会儿,他就准备好了纸笔,并埋头于写信当中。不久,在轮船到达港口并卸下货物的同时,也带走了的信。•哈利并未能很快收到回信。但当这些回信最终到来时候,他感受到了他们的深深的感动。

Unit 6

I had only known Johnsy a few months when she fell victim to the disease.We had met in May and, finding ourselves so much in time, had set up home together.Then, in November, she became ill.Scare able to speak in a whisper, she seemed unable to cling to life.It was such a change.Before she had always been so lively and merry.Now she just sat up in bed, staring out of the window.She had this strange belief that once the last leaf on the vine outside fell, she would die.I told her it was all nonsense, but to no effect.It was our downstairs neighbor, Mr.Behrman, who came to her rescue.When he heard of Johnsy`s strange fancy he flew into a fierce temper, regarding it as a sin that one so young should give up life so easily.Thanks to Behrman, the last leaf never did fall.Late at night he had climbed up and painted the leaf on the wall.It was his long-promised masterpiece.我只知道约翰西几个月当她疾病的牺牲品。5月我们见过,发现自己如此合拍,还一起建立家园。然后,去年11月,她病了。几乎不能低声说话,她似乎无法坚持的生活。这种变化。之前她一直是那么活泼快乐。现在,她只是坐在床上,盯着窗外。她这个奇怪的信念,一旦最后叶葡萄树下降外,她就会死去。我告诉她都是无稽之谈,但毫无效果。

这是我们楼下的邻居,贝尔曼先生,他救了她。当他听到约翰西的奇怪的幻想他飞进一个脾气暴躁,对它作一个如此年轻的人应该放弃生活那么容易。

多亏了贝尔曼,最后一片叶子从未下降。深夜他爬上和墙上的叶子画。这是他早就承诺的杰作

篇2:西南科技大学2013年秋大二英语期末考试翻译资料

六级的翻译部分的测试内容分值比例和考试时间。

六级翻译题型描述如下:在30分钟内完成一篇英译汉的短文, 占总分15%。

从列表可以看出:大学英语六级考试中, 原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。六级长度为180-200个汉字。

2 2013改革后大学英语六级翻译考察重点

翻译考察的重点有两个:从句和非谓语动词。英语句子的组成方式不同于汉语。只要我们思维够灵活, 会化解, 加之一定的语言训练, 学会拆分和组合的法则, 避免逐字逐句地翻译, 做好段落翻译还是可能的。

3从科技英语的文体分析来看大学英语六级翻译技巧

[1]刘春燕提出科技文体的主要功能是传递信息。[2]郑声滔提出科技英语长句汉译的括号翻译法。[3]祁慰提出遵循简洁准确、避免误译的原则;注意直译、意译、音译、形译方法的采用;注重词类转换。[4]杨榕采用实证研究的方法[5]严俊仁推出了“句型比对译法”和“英汉科技翻译关键词法”。

科技英语文体分析和翻译方面的研究成果对我们大学英语四六级翻译教学必有一定的价值性。

以下, 结合科技英语翻译方法文体, 笔者列出几种六级英语考试中可采纳的翻译方法:

1) 分译法

总所周知, 英语句子以结构复杂居多, 如果在英汉翻译的时候, 按照英语习惯翻译就会使文章拖沓冗并且意思表达不清楚, 同时不符合汉语表达的习惯, 让读者不知所云。如果采用分译, 则会使译文更加简明、易懂、层次非常分明, 是一种很有效的翻译方法。

例如:少年是流逝非常快的,

Youth will soon be gone, never to return.

这个句子中, 汉语的表达“流逝非常快的”, 英文是拆分成两个部分来表达的, 即:Youth will soon be gone, never to return.通过拆分句子, 意思更加清晰易懂。

2) 合句法

将原本的两个或者多余两个的简单句或者是一个英语的复合句, 在汉译英的翻译过程中, 变成英语的一个单句来表达, 这样的翻译方法目的在于语意连贯。

例:她已失败了好几次, 要帮他们另找一所合适的房子, 结果并未成功。

译文:She had failed several times to help them find proper places without success.

在这个句子中, 汉语是三个部分构成, 而英文句子可以连词一个单句。

3) 正译法

汉语的句子是否定的表达方式, 而翻译成英文的时候可以采取肯定的方式表达否定含义。

例如:他读的这本书并不厚。

The volume he was reading is very slim.在这个句子中, slim表示非常薄, 对应汉语中的“不厚”

4) 反译法

汉语的句子是肯定的表达方式, 而翻译成英文的时候可以采取否定的方式表达肯定的含义

例:我非常同意你的观点。

I couldn’t agree with you any more.

汉语是肯定的表达“非常赞同”, 而英文翻译确用“cannot..more”来表示“最。。。”

5) 顺序法

汉语翻译成英语的时候, 英语的句子语序并不需要发生改变。

例如:在本单元中, 我们将仔细研究一下一些非常长的英文句子的结构, 看一看怎样翻译成中文的。

参考译文:In this unit, we will have a thorough study about the structure of some extremely long English sentences in order to understand how they can be translated into Chinese.

分析:句中的介词短语“in order to understand...Chinese”在本句中作目的状语, 其中“how they can be translated into Chinese”是动词“understand”的宾语, 由关系副词“how”引导。

6) 逆序法

由于英语和汉语的长句的表达习惯的不同, 有的时候也会完全相反, 所以, 在汉译英的过程中, 建议从原文后面往前面翻译, 如:位于主句之后的状语从句、主语从句, 翻译时通常要按照英语表达的习惯位于在主句之后, 使得英文句子更加符合其自身语言的表达习惯。

例如:如果失去父母的保护, 一个没有自控力的年轻人在任何领域都不会成功。

参考译文:A youth who has no ability of self-control will not succeed in any field if he loses the protection of his parents.

分析: (1) 该句是一个条件状语从句, 由关系副词“if”引导; (2) 主句当中, “A youth”是主语, “who has no ability of self-control”为限制性定语从句, 由关系代词“who”引导, 修饰先行词“A youth”, 因此可译为“一个没有自控力的年轻人”。

7) 增词法

在汉译英的过程中, 有时候根据需要要增添部分表达来完善英文翻译的完整性。

例如:长沙是湖南的政治、文化中心。这里你可以游览岳麓书院、东方红广场、岳麓山等。

参考翻译:Changsha is a political and cultural center that offers some scenic attractions:the Yuelu Academyl, Dongfanghong Square, Yuelu Mountain etc.

在这个句子中, 我们可以看到在center后面增补了some scenic attractions让整句更加信息充分。

8) 减词法

汉语喜欢同义之间的重复, 比如排比句, 加强气势, 然而, 英语崇尚简单明了。因此在汉译英的过程中, 可以减少部分词汇让句子更加符合英文的表达习惯。

例如:这是学校的成果, 这是所有教师的成果, 这是科学的成果!让我们好好享受这个成果的喜悦吧!

参考翻译:Let us enjoy the fruit, which is of the university, of the faculty members, and of science.在这个句子中, fruit可以省略, 使得英文句子更加简洁, 更加符合其表达习惯。

9) 词性转换

词类变形和转换, 是英语语言的一个很重要的特点, 尤其是名词、动词、形容词这三种最主要的词类。

(1) 转译成动词:

(1) 由动词派生出来的名词可以翻译成它的动词。

In America, there is a great number of concentration on privacy.

在美国, 人们很注重隐私。

这个句子中, concentration是名词, 可以转译成他的动词:concentrate

(2) 含有动作意味的一些名词很多情况可以翻译成成动词。

A thorough study of the book will give you a big surprise.

仔细研究这本书, 你会非常惊讶

这个句子中, surprise是动作“惊讶”的名词, 在翻译的时候, 可以翻译成一个动词“惊讶”。

(3) 英语中有些加后缀-er的名词, 可以翻译成动词

Those luxury cars are also powerful consumer and waster of petroleum.那些豪车还在极大的消耗和浪费汽油。

这个句子中, consumer是消费者的意思, 根据翻译技巧, 可以转换成其动词:消费。

(4) 形容词转译成动词

I am happy about his success

我很欣慰他的成功。

这个句子中, happy是形容词, 但是尅转译成为动词“对……很高兴或者欣慰”

(5) 副词转译成动词

After deep investigation, they found their market share behind.

经过深入调研之后, 他们发现产品的市场份额落后了。

这个句子中, 副词“behind”可以转换成动词“落后” (2)

(2) 转译成名词

形容词转译成名词英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表某一类的人, 在英汉翻译的时候, 可以直接翻译成为名词。

They tried so hard to help the poor and the homeless.

他们努力地尝试着帮助穷人和无家可归的人。

(3) 转译成形容词

This question is of vital significance.

这个问题是非常重要的。

Significance是名词, 翻译成汉语可以转译成“很重要的”

10) 综合法

运用上述我们提到的所有方法, 融合在一起进行翻译。

例如:

(1) People were afraid to go out, for although the haze had been considered to be thin, they still worried about the safety

参考译文:人们不敢出门, 因为尽管雾霾并不大, 但他们仍然非常担心出门在外并不安全。

分析:这是一个由连词“for”引导的并列句, 后半句当中含有一个让步状语从句, 由连词“although”引导。让步状语从句的主语they still worried about the safety, 译者采取增词法和反译法使得译文更加符合汉语表达习惯。

参考文献

[1]侯维瑞.英语语体[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1996:279-295.

[2]刘春燕.论科技文体的翻译原则与方法[J].中国科技翻译, 2004 (3) :14.

[3]郑声滔.科技英语长句汉译的括号翻译法[J].中国科技翻译, 2008 (2) :42-46.

[4]祁慰.科技英语翻译中有关问题探究[J].益阳职业技术学院学报, 2008 (2) :62-63.

[5]杨榕.科技与文学语篇英译汉翻译单位实证研究[J].外语研究, 2009 (6) :79-83.

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