高三高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧

高三高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧（精选5篇）

篇1：高三高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧

高中英语阅读理解词义猜测解题技巧探究

<英语新课程标准>对阅读教学提出了新的指导思想:学生通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的.学习方法,发挥自己的学习潜能,形成有效的学习策略,提高自主学习的能力;在教学中关注学生情感,提高人文素养,积极向上的情感和自信心会有效地促进自主学习,提高学习效率.

作 者：陈和秋  作者单位：四川省古蔺县中学校,四川,古蔺,646500 刊 名：读写算（教育教学研究） 英文刊名：DUYUXIE 年，卷(期)：2010 “”(7) 分类号： 关键词： 

★ 说明文阅读理解解题技巧有哪些

★ 二年级学生语文阅读理解解题技巧

★ 2022高考英语阅读理解题型解题技巧

★ 诗歌内的阅读理解与解题技巧

★ 高中英语阅读理解的训练技巧

★ 英语考试阅读解题技巧

★ 英语六级长篇阅读解题技巧

★ 中考阅读理解解题技巧之掌握知识与话题作文

★ 阅读理解指导

★ 小学语文阅读题解题技巧

篇2：高三高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧

摘要：学生在阅读中会受到许多生词的困扰，如果一见到生词就停下来查词典，不仅会影响阅读速度，减少阅读量，而且会养成不良的阅读习惯。因此，作者详细地阐述了依据单词构词法和上下文来进行词义猜测的技巧。证明了猜测词义的实用性，从而帮助学生扩大词汇量和提高阅读的质量。

正文：

所谓猜测词义,是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的词义,它是一种非常有用的阅读技巧,获得这种技巧之后,读者在阅读过程中能很快通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身的结构特点推断出词义来,从而提高阅读速度和阅读能力。

猜词技巧也是一种很重要的应试技巧。在高考英语测试中,每年都有判断生词或关键词词义的题目。如:① 全国卷中第62题：What is the meaning of “the organic trend” as the words are used in the text? 第74题：What does the underlined word “hassle” (paragraph 1) probably mean? ② 广东卷中第62题：The underlined part “have access to”(in Para.4) means ______.第65题：The underlined part “the colors turned the customers off”(Para.3) means that the colors _____.

那么,怎样来猜测和推断生词的词义呢?这种技巧大体可分为两大类:一类是根据生词本身的特点（构词法）推测词义,另一类是通过上下文推测词义。

1.构词法

1.1.派生

一个英语单词一般可分为三个部分：前缀，词干和后缀。英语中大量的词是通过在词干上加前缀和后缀派生出的新词，熟练地掌握和运用这种构词法，不仅有益于对生词词义作出科学的推测，有助于阅读理解，而且有益于词汇量的扩充。

前缀法常常改变词干的词义，一般不改变词干的词类而只是修饰其词义。如前缀un-把一个词干变成相反的词，unknown意思是not known；rich这个词初中就学过，而中学阶段词汇没有涉及enrich，但通过观察发现，这个词是由词根rich和前缀en-“使……”构成的，因而猜测enrich为“使……富有”是水到渠成的事。依此类推，猜出enlarge, encourage等词的含义并非难事。

后缀法是通过给词干加后缀而构成新词。与主要改变词干意义的前缀不同，后缀与词义仅有很小的关系，它的主要作用是改变词干的语法功能，即它只用于改变词类。如-ly加到形容词quiet后，得到副词quietly。再如：worker, operator, successful, childish, publicly, strengthen, symbolize等词义就很明显了。由此看来，掌握一定的前缀、后缀的含义是很有必要的。

要通过派生构词法来猜测词义，我们常常需要把生词分解为构成它的各个部分。如undrinkable这个词可分为un, drink, able 三部分。如果你知道词干drink 的意思是“喝”，根据前缀 un的意思“不”和后缀able的意思“能”，你马上就可猜出undrinkable是“不能喝的”。

1.2.转化

英语中有些单词,词形不变,词性却可以由一种转化成另一种。转化主要产生名词，形容词和副词。如：dust 由“尘土”转义为“弹掉尘土”，face 由“脸”转义为“面对”，back 由“背”,后面转义为“支持,后退”，slow由“慢”转义为“放慢”，empty 由“空的”转义为“倒空”，the wounded “受伤的人们”, the unemployed “失业的人们”。再如：① Yesterday I spent the whole day papering the walls. （paper为动词“用纸贴”）② We stopped there for a swim. 我们在那儿停下来游了一会儿泳。

1.3.合成

合成，就是由两个或两个以上的单词构成一个新词。英语中合成词多如繁星，大大增加了英语词汇。常见的合成词如: classroom, news- paper,pickpocket,break-water,she-wolf ,breakdown ,editor-in-chief, snow-white, ever-green, six-inch-tall, madman, overcome, beforehand, crybaby, daybreak, handshake, silkworm, motorcycle, homesick, housekeeping, brainwashing, everlasting等等。一般来说，合成词的词义是由其各构成部分得来的，如backswimmer（背朝下游泳者）。

2.上下文线索

在阅读英语材料这类真实语言活动过程中，遇到生词本属正常，但并不是每次遇到生词一定要去查词典。从上下文中去揣度词义这一策略在英语学习中具有重要的意义。下面介绍一些通过上下文猜测词义的方法：

2.1.定义法

如果一个难词在文章中非常重要，作者往往通过这种或那种方式对它加以解释。观察难词前后的句子往往可以帮助读者理解这个词的意思。如:① Anthropology is the scientific study of man.由定义可知，anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。② (NMET2000 C篇 ) Decision- thinking is not unlike poker…. This card game has often been of considerable interest to people. 从后句中解释的内容不难看出，poker是一种多人玩的，有趣的卡片游戏。弄清该词，对理解下面文章颇有帮助。

定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。

2.2.解释法

文中常用解释性词语引出生词含义，如:to be, that is, mean, stand for, namely, in other words等，有时也用同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号，括弧来表示。如:① In general, continuous exposure to sounds of over 80 decibels ( unit for measuring the loudness of sounds) can be considered dangerous.根据括号里的说明“用测量音量大小的单位”不难猜出 “decibels”的词义是“分贝”。② The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中“looks after sheep” 就表明了“herdsman”的词义为“牧羊人”。

2.3.同义词、近义词为线索猜测词义法

有时作者为了使他的意思表达得更清楚明白,通常用一个同义词或近义词来解释另一个比较难的单词或关键词,这些同义词或近义词为读者推断生词词义提供了线索。有些作者在表达同一概念时喜欢用两个或更多的同义词或近义词,其中必定有读者所熟悉的词,根据已知的词语,就不难推断出生词的词义来。如 or有时可作为识别同义词或近义词的信号词。在这一句子：The new tax law supersedes, or re- places, the law that was in effect last year里，作者考虑到“super- sede”一词可能是生词,紧接着用or引出该词的同义词“replace”,此词是一比较常用的词,读者可根据“replace”一词的词义能很容易地推断出“supersede”一词的大概意思来,即“取代,接替”。Like (像……一样), as...as(如同……一样),the same as (与……相同)等也可作为识别生词的同义词或近义词的信号词,以这些词为线索,有时也可推断出生词的词义来。如：Mother was tall, fat and middle- aged. The principal of the school was an older woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.此句中,作者把学校的校长和他的母亲相比,有相同之处和不同之处。校长比母亲年纪大些,个子矮些,但有一点是相同的,并用as...as结构表示出来，从这一对比中,可以看出fat和plump是近义词。fat是读者熟悉的词，那么,plump一词的意思就能猜个大概了，即“肥胖的”。

有的作者使用更常用﹑更简单的词来使读者明白某个难词的词义。如：Mr. Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious.很显然, similarly 表达了重要线索, 暗示loquacious 等于love to talk。

2.4.反义词和对比关系为线索猜测词义法

有时作者运用对比的手法来表现事物之间的差异。在进行对比的过程中,作者必然会用一些互为对应、互为反义的词语,使不同事物的特点更为突出。通过上下文的逻辑关系,从对两种事物或现象进行对比的描述中,读者可以根据其中一个熟悉的词推断出另一个生词的词义来。另外,在表示这种对比关系时,作者通常会用一些信号词来表明另一个词语与前面的词语互为反义。这些信号词无疑为读者理解和猜测生词词义提供了非常好的线索。常用来表示对应关系和提供相反信息的信号词有:but, yet, however, while, whereas, otherwise, in spite of, despite, even though, although, though, unlike, instead(of),rather than, nevertheless, still, nonetheless ,on the other hand, none the less, by contrast, on the contrary, in the end, compared to等等。例如：In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil。此句中,以信号词however为线索,可以看出作者把现在的事情与过去相比。过去是“in an orderly way”, 而现在是“in a state of turmoil”,过去是秩序井然,那么现在则是相反,那就是一片混乱。

在阅读中遇到反义词时，我们同样可从其中之一推知另一个的意思。如，Unlike his sister, who is a warm, interested person, John is apathetic to everyone and everything.根据句义不难看出apa- thetic的意思是“冷漠”。

2.5.以列举的句子为线索猜测词义

为了阐明某一种重要观念或者讲清某一抽象概念，作者往往采取举例的方式对这一观点或概念进行具体的说明和解释，从而使读者理解得更具体些。那么文中的例子自然也就成了读者理解文章生词的线索。表示列举关系的信号词有 like, for example, for instance, such as, especially, include, consist of, specially等。例 ① Defined most broadly, folklore includes all the customs, belief and tradition that people have handed down from generation to generation.此句中,includes后面的例子基本上表示出了 “folklore”的内容范围,即人们一代传一代的那些风俗、习惯、信仰和传统的东西。这些东西都属于通常所说的 “民俗学,民俗传统”,这也就是 “folklore”一词的基本含义。例 ② Many United Nations employees are polyglots; Mr.Simoson, for example, speaks five languages fluently. Mr.Simoson是polyglots之一，而他又能流利地说五种语言，可见polyglots一词一定是指能操纵多种语言的人。

2.6.以因果关系为线索猜测词义

因果关系是一种常见的、行之有效的、能提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。一定的原因会导致一定的结果;某一结果是由某种原因所引起的,作者在叙述原因的过程中,必然会把词或句子置于一种因果关系的逻辑之中,这无疑为读者推断生词词义提供了很好的线索。作者通常会用一些信号词表示句子之间的因果关系,这些信号词有:since, as, because, for, so, thus, therefore, consequently, hence, due to, result in, result from, as a result, for this reason, accordingly, so that, so...that, such...that等。如：Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.从信号词since以及相关信息,可以看出生词所处的上下文存在很明显的因果关系。since引出的从句是原因(即因为我买不起那张原画)，主句是结果。生词replica后一句又进一步解释了另一种原因，即没有经验的人看不出来差别。根据这之间的逻辑关系,就很容易推断:既然不是原画,那么replica应是“复制品”。

2.7.根据普通常识、生活经验和逻辑推理推测生词词义

在阅读的过程中,如遇到生词,读者有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验,或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等,可以帮助加深对文章的理解,遇到生词时,猜测词义的能力自然就增强.如：When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.根据直接或间接的经验,一般具有一点医学常识的人都知道医生在给病人动手术之前,为了减轻病人的痛苦,往往给病人注射麻醉剂使病人失去知觉后再动手术。所以根据这一常识,通过上下文就能比较准确地确定“anaesthetic”一词的意思应该是“麻醉剂”。又如：Metal contrasts as it becomes cool. 金属变冷会怎么样？只要有最基本的物理知识，你就可以知道contrasts表示“缩小”。

篇3：高三高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧

近年来各省高考试题提高了猜词义能力考查的比率。因此, 掌握一定的猜词技巧, 对突破高考阅读理解, 提高学生英语语言能力有着非常重要的作用。

词义猜测题常见的提问关键词为mean、refer to、be replaced等。常见的提问方式有:

The word“_____”in Paragraph _____ can best be replaced by _____ .

What does the underlined word“_____”in Paragraph 3 refer to?

Which of the following words can best replace the word“_____”in Paragraph _____ ?

The underlined part“_____”means _____ .

According to the passage, the expression“_____”is closest to _____ .

笔者以近几年高考真题为例, 浅谈一些解题技巧。

一、鬼斧神工构词法

英语单词的构词法以派生和合成为主, 衍生一些转化词。要想高效猜对这类词, 就需要熟练掌握构词法, 并牢记一些常见的派生词词缀, 这样可以更好地帮助我们猜测生词词义及扩充词汇量。

例题1:

What does the underlined word “escalation” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A. Understanding.B. Increase.

C. Difference.D. Study. (2012重庆)

试题分析:escalate为动词, 意思是“不断扩大, 加剧”。学生可以通过构词法猜出escalation是其名词形式, 含义应该与“扩大, 加剧, 增加”等有关, 故答案选B。

例题2:

What does the underlined phrase“over-consumption”refer to?

A. Using too much packaging.

B.Making more products than necessary.

D.Having more materials than needed.

(2010山东卷)

试题分析:前缀over-的意思是“过分的, 过量的”, 故over--ccoonnssuummppttiioonn的的意意思思是是““过过度度消消费费””。。再再结结合合上上文文语语境“wwee aallrreeaaddyy hhaavvee mmoorree mmaatteerriiaall tthhaann wwee nneeeedd”, 可推测测出出答答案案为为DD。。

二、巧用针对性解释猜测词意

针对性解释是作者为了更好地表达对文章的理解, 在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的词汇等做出的通俗化解释。通常可以利用以下方法猜测:

1. 定义法 (以下定义、定语从句、逗号、破折号、括号以及各种解释词为线索, 如that is to say、in other words、to be mean、namely、refer to等)

2. 复述法 (以单词、短语、同位语或定语从句的形式出现, 提供通俗简洁、详细的信息, 帮助阅读者进一步理解词义)

3. 举例法 (以such as、like、for example、for instance等来举例说明, 帮助阅读者找出猜测生词的重要线索)

例题3:

Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imaginations take us into another world.

“”A.Imaginary life.

B.Simple life in the

C.Times of inventions.

C.Times of inventions.

D. Time for constant activity. (2010江西)

试题解析:根据the days后面的when所引导的时间状语从句的内容, 基本能推测出the days的含义指的是Simple life in the past。

三、充分利用好内在逻辑关系

根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指分析和判断上下信息之间存在的逻辑关系, 然后利用上下文的对比关系、比较关系、因果关系、同义词替代关系等进行推测。

例题4:

I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone.

What does the underlined word “disheveled”mean?

A. Unfriendly.B. Untidy.

C. Gentle.D. Kind. (2010重庆)

试题解析:从前文的unshaven以及后文的worn-out、alone可以推断“老人生活很窘迫”, 所以选择B。

篇4：高三高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧

纵观近年来全国各地英语高考阅读理解试题，就会发现正确猜测词义已是高考阅读能力测试的要求之一。常见的考查这种技能的题型有：

1. What＇s the meaning of “…”in line…of paragraph…?

2. In line/ paragraph…, the word “…” refers to________.

3． The word “…” in line…probably means________.

4． What does the underlined word “…” in the…paragraph probably mean?

5． In line…, the word “…” could best be replaced by which of the following?

6． The word “…” as used in line…is closest in meaning to________.

7. The underlined word “…” in Paragraph…is closest in meaning to________.

如：

2011年英语高考题（陕西卷）：58题 What does the underlined word “boost” in the third paragraph probably mean?

2011年英语高考题（广东卷）：31题 The underlined word swimmingly in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to________.

2011年英语高考题（辽宁卷）：65题 “That sale” in Paragraph 4 refers to.

二、解题技巧点拨

1. 定义或解释说明

 标点符号：( ) —等

It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is, it will break easily.

Tornadoes (violent and destructive whirl wind) normally occur on hot, humid (a little wet) day, but not necessarily in the summer.

 定语从句或同位语

Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person＇s lungs and his heartbeats.

He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.

 信号词：be, be called, means, be defined as

Amosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.

Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.

A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.

His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.

The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.

We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m. —this week.

2. 对比关系

信号词: but, however, yet, otherwise, while, though, on the one hand…on the other hand, for one thing…for another thing, instead of 等

Though Tom＇s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.

John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.

In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.

If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”.

Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate.

Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.

3. 因果关系

信号词: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, so…that, such…that, thus

Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.

The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.

Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.

He＇s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.

She wanted the hairdresser to trimher hair a bit because it was too long.

4. 举例法

信号词: such, such as, like, for example/ instance, especially, include, consist of

Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes.

On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.

5. 重述

信号词: or, that is (to say), in other words, to put it another way, i.e.

In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water, their fields.

All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without, Dolphins belong to odontoceti, that is to say, they are toothed whales.

6. 同义词、近义词

信号词: or, like, as…as, the same as

The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.

Mother was tall, fat and middleaged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.

7. 生活经验, 生活常识, 逻辑推理

When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.

When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch aripple spread in rings on the surface of water.

Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled.

One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever.

Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid.

篇5：高三高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧

关键词：大学英语阅读,阅读策略,解题攻略

培养学生的阅读能力在大学英语教学中有举足轻重的作用。同时, 由于目前学生仍然要参加大学英语四、六级考试, 而考试中对学生阅读理解能力的测试占有很大的比重, 因此, 必须培养学生掌握正确的阅读技能和策略以提高其独立阅读的能力。这就要求大学英语阅读教学一定要建立在策略教学基础之上。近年来对大学英语阅读策略的实用性和操作性研究备受重视。在诸多策略中, 就词义猜测、句意理解题的解题攻略更为根本。词义猜测、句意理解题是指针对文章中的某个单词、短语或句子, 就含义设问的试题。本文通过实例谈一谈这类题目的解题攻略。

1 命题形式

1.1 从猜测的对象看, 主要有对单词、短语和句子的猜测

如:

1) The underlined word“assertiveness”in the last paragraph probably means___.

2) The underlined words“leisure industry”in paragraph 3refer to___.

3) The underlined part in paragraph 2 most probably means that games can___.

1.2 从猜测的内容看, 主要有对含义的猜测和对指代的猜测。如:

含义猜测:The underlined word“outlawed”in paragraph 2means___.

指代猜测:The underlined word“rainbow”in the last paragraph refers to___.

2 解题攻略与实例分析

阅读材料是由一个一个的单词构成的, 每个单词都是有机整体的一部分, 因此做这类题目时一定要根据上下文所提供的特定语境来推测判断词义。

2.1 针对性的解释

针对性解释是作者为了更好地表达思想, 在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。这些解释提供的信息明确具体, 所使用的语言通俗易懂。利用好解释, 词义的猜测就较容易。

1) 根据定义或解释猜测词义。如:

However, what do we do with the time we have saved?certainly not relax, or so it seems。We are so accustomed to constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing, or even just one thing at a time.Perhaps the days are ling gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world.

简析:文中the days的指代可以通过分析该句结构得知。when引导定语从句修饰the days。所以要弄清the days指的是什么, 只需看when引导的定语从句即可。所以the days是指simple life in the past。

2) 根据具体实例猜测词义。如:

With this unshakable belief, I, at fourteen, decided to become a writer.Here too, reading became useful.Every writer stars off knowing that he has something to say, but being unable to find the right ways to say it.He has to find his own voice by reading widely and discovering which parts of the writers he agrees of disagrees with, or agrees with so strongly that it reshapes his own world.He cannot write without loving to read, because only through reading other people's writing can one discover what works, what doesn't and, in the end, together with lots of practice, what voice he has.

简析:文中voice的意思可以根据该词前后的语境得知。“Every writer starts off...”句是一个具体的实例来说明one's own choice的, 通过分析该实例可知voice的意思是a way of writing。

2.2 内在逻辑关系

1) 根据对比关系猜测词义。如:

When something goes wrong, it can be very satisfying to say, “Well, it's so-and-so's fault.”It is probably not your fault, but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are loser.You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation.However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation.This is the winner's key to success.

简析:这个段落中remedy的意思的确定取决于是否注意到文中however这个词。因为however表示转折或前后对比, 所以依据however前部分中出现的a bad situation, 可以推断动词remedy是使…变好, 即改善 (improve) 的意思。

2) 根据因果关系猜测词义。如:

I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train.I did not particularly relish the long journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread.I looked about the train.There was not one familiar face.I sighed and sat down to read my Economy.

简析:文中relish的意思可以从该词前后半句描述获得。 (因为) 我不relish长途旅行, 我买了些杂志反复看。所以relish的意思一定是enjoy。

3) 根据同义、近义、并列、替代、说明等关系猜测词义。如:

Large chunks of ice and snow melt very slowly.Once they begin to thaw, several weeks of warm weather may be required before they are totally dissolved.

简析:文中thaw和dissolved的意思可以从第一句中mel得到, 因为主语“大块的冰和雪”在第二句中用they指代, 可见第二句是进一步说明melt。所以thaw和dissolved都是melt的意思。

3 结束语

从以上实例看, 根据上下文猜测词义是一项重要的阅读技能。另外, 在做具体的阅读理解题时, 要根据实际情况灵活运用、综合运用解题技巧也同样重要。只有这样才能提高解题的准确度。

参考文献

[1]程晓堂, 郑敏.英语学习策略[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2002:25-28.