初三英语作文练习

初三英语作文练习（共8篇）

篇1：初三英语作文练习

（一）1.每天8点开始上课，中午休息两个小时。下午5点放学。放学后，可以进行各种体育活动。

2.同学们都非常刻苦用功，课后经常讨论。

3.我遇到过很多挑战，从考试中学到了很多。

4.我可以与来自不同地方的人交朋友。

5.我经常跟我的朋友一起玩游戏，这让我很开心。

I will introduce my school to you.（二）

1.科技发展迅速，现在的生活比50年前更便利。

2.药物和饮食发展得更好，人们有很多不同的方式进行联系。

3.人们运动减少，人们没有以前健康。

4.交通状况更拥挤和污染更严重。

5.人们开始思考如何节能减排。

6.并就期中一个变化，举出身边的例子来具体说明。

答案

（一）1.每天8点开始上课，中午休息两个小时。下午5点放学。放学后，可以进行各种体育活动。school, we can have different kinds of sports.2.同学们都非常刻苦用功，课后经常讨论。

3.我遇到过很多挑战，从考试中学到了很多。

4.我可以与来自不同地方的人交朋友。

5.我经常跟我的朋友一起玩游戏，这让我很开心。I really enjoy my school life.答案

（二）1.科技发展迅速，现在的生活比50年前更便利。

2.药物和饮食发展得更好，人们有很多不同的方式进行联系。

3.人们运动减少，人们没有以前健康。before.4.交通状况更拥挤和污染更严重。

Traffic makes the roads more crowded, and it also makes pollution worse.5.人们开始思考如何节能减排。

People begin to think about how to use less energy and reduce pollution.6.并就期中一个变化，举出身边的例子来具体说明。

For example, the government set up many rules against the pollution from the factories.

篇2：初三英语作文练习

Computers started to become popular with big companies in the 1960s.

Computer

You’ve probably known about computers your whole life. But computers have not really been around for very long. Computers started to become popular with big companies in the 1960s. Computers didn’t become widespread in homes and schools until the 1980s.

HOW DO PEOPLE USE COMPUTERS?

People use computers in many ways. Stores use computers to keep track of products and check you out at the cash register. Banks use computers to send money all over the world.

Computers help teachers keep track of lessons and grades. They help students do research and learn. Computers let you hook up to networks (many computers hooked together). They let you hook up to a worldwide network called the Internet.

Scientists use computers to solve research problems. Engineers use computers to make cars, trucks, and airplanes. Architects use computers to design houses and other buildings. The police use computers to track down criminals. The military uses computers to make and read coded messages.

篇3：初三英语作文练习

英语写作教学一直以来是大学英语教学中最弱的一个环节。大学英语教学至今没有专用写作教材;写作内容只是作为精读教材的附带部分分散插在各个单元练习中。这种安排本身就注定了写作内容支离破碎,缺乏系统的结构框架。

大学英语教师长期以来习惯于精读、语法等课程的讲授,却缺乏写作教学特别是语篇水平上写作教学的驾御能力[1]。传统英语写作多重视主题句的扩展和一些语法衔接和词汇衔接的手段,如代词、连词、转折词、副词等等,但这些还不能足以保证语篇的连贯性,学生依然会出现表达零乱松散,衔接不紧,层次不清等情况。

主位推进模式从词汇入手,通过主位推进,教给学生的将是整个文章的布局谋篇。它将语言形式的演进与语言内部句与句之间意义的衔接紧密结合,进而扩展至对通篇文章主题思想的延伸和推进,最终完整准确地呈现详实的语篇内容。

本文将运用主位推进模式分析非英语专业学生的英语作文,着重从语篇层面分析学生的弱点,探讨该理论在大学英语写作教学中的应用。

2 主位推进模式

主位(theme)和述位(rheme)最早由布拉格学派创始人马泰休斯(Mathesius)提出[2]。他从交际角度来研究句子中不同成分在语言交际中发挥的作用,并总结出位于句首的成分在交际过程中起到特殊的作用,即引出话题。他把这部分称为主位,把其它部分称为述位。主位一般表示已知信息,述位一般表示未知信息,是新信息。

既然每个完整的句子都有自己的主位和述位,而语篇中句子与句子之间必定存在着一定的联系,使整个语篇能够在意义上连贯起来,即在语篇的前后句中主位与主位,述位与述位之间必然会有一定的联系。整个语篇的发展也必然会按照一定的模式发展。这种语句的联系和发展模式就是主位推进模式(thematic progression),它在语篇的生成和理解过程中起着重要的作用。

在研究主位推进模式中,研究者们分析真实的语篇提出了不同的模式,主要有Danes(1974)的三种最基本的主位推进模式:即简单线性主位发展型、连续主位发展型和派生主位发展型。除了国外学者(Danes[3],Fries[4]和Bloor[5])之外,国内知名学者推出了不同的模式,包括徐盛恒(1982)[6]四种模式,黄衍(1985)[7]七种模式,黄国文(1988)[8]六种模式,胡壮麟(1994)[9]三种模式和朱永生(1995)[10]的四种模式。下面参照各家之说,举例说明主位推进最常见的四种模式。

1)主位一致型(也称平行型或放射型):特点是主位相同,述位不同。如用T表示主位,R表示述位,该模式图示如下:T1→R1;T2(=T1)→R2;Tn(=T1)→Rn.例如:

Gail and I(T1)imagined a quiet wedding.We(T2)had experienced the usual ups and downs of a couple learning to know understand,and respect each other during our two years together We(T2)had honestly confronted all the weakness and strengths of each other’s characters.(Marriage Across Nations《新视野大学英语读写教程》Book 2,Unit3)

主位一致型推进模式中所有句子都以同一个成分为谈论的起点,每个句子的述位都对这个起点作新的论述。

2)述位一致型(也称集中型):各句均以第一句的述位为述位,各句不同的主位都归结为同一个述位,即主位不同,述位相同。模式如下:T1→R1;T2→R2(=R1);Tn→Rn(=R1).例如:

England is a country(T1);France is a country(T2);Norway is another country(T3);Egypt,Italy,Poland are other countries(T4).(C.E.Eckerslay,Essential English1)

3)延续型(也称梯型):前一句的述位或述位的一部分作为后一句的主位,如此延续下去。模式如下:T1→R1;T2(=R1)→R2;T3(=R2)→R3;Tn(=Rn-1)→Rn.例如:

I take them into the kitchen(R1),where(T2)the light is better,and study them—they are filtered(R2),for which(T3)I am grateful.(Weeping for My Smoking Daughter,《新视野大学英语读写教程》Book 2,Unit6)

延续型的推进模式可以使语篇产生结构上首尾相联,意义上步步推进,感觉上扣人心弦的效果。后一句对前一句内容的扩展和补充,所以在讲故事和描写的语篇中经常看到该模式。

4)交叉型:前一句的主位或主位一部分是后一句的述位或其一部分。模式如下:T1→R1;T2→R2(=T1);T3→R3(=T2);Tn→Rn(=Tn-1).例如:

The play(T1)was interesting(R1),but I(T2)didn’t enjoy it(R2).A young man and a young woman(T3)troubled me(R3).I(R4)turned round and looked at them,but they(T4)didn’t pay any attention to me(R5).(《新概念英语》Book2,Unit1)

交叉型推进模式中,每一句的主位是一个新的谈话的起点,并由此而引出了一个新的谈话内容。

以上四种只是主位推进的最基本模式。大多数语篇的主位推进模式往往比较复杂,常常是几种模式的交替组合使用,构成主位推进的复合模式。

3 用主位推进模式分析范文与学生习作

笔者向授课的福建农林大学2009级非英语专业(农村区域发展专业)的学生,共42名,在课堂上布置一篇题为Can Money Buy Happiness?的作文,时间为30分钟,要求是120字左右。这是1995年CET-4的作文,此作文题附有提纲:1.有人认为金钱是幸福之本(source of happiness)。2.也有人认为金钱是万恶之源(root of all evil)。3.我的看法。

这些学生已进入大学学习一年,进行当堂习作时,学习的是《新视野大学英语》(第三册),处于大学英语三级水平,他们习作中出现的错误可代表相当一部分学生的情况,显示他们与四级要求的作文的差距。

3.1 主位推进模式应用于CET-4范文的评析

范文根据题目要求,把文章分为三段。以其中的两段为例分析其主位推进模式。

Different people(T1)//have different ideas about money(R1).Some(T2)//take it for granted that it is the source of happiness(R2).To them(T3),//money means everything(R3).With it they(T4)//can buy whatever they enjoy and do whatever they like(R4).In their minds(T5),//money can bring them power,comfort,friendship,love and so on(R5).

On the contrary,some(T6)//believe money is the root of all evil(R6).Money(T7)//drives people(R7)to make dirty money through illegal means such as stealing,robbing,smuggling and corrupting(R7).A lot of people(T8)//became criminals just because of the thirst for much more money(R8).Therefore,money(T9)//can often lead to the ruin of a person(R9).

分析一下这两段的主位推进模式如图1:

从以上分析可以看出,范文用了主位一致型(平行型),述位一致型(集中型)和延续型这三种主位推进模式。这点符合方丽于2004年所作的研究,“在英语说明文中,语篇大多呈平行型、延续型和集中型三种主位推进模式。”[11]而且,方丽的研究还表明“主位推进程序的6种常见模式在中国学生的英语作文中使用的频率与英语说明文大致一致。段落中句子与句子之间的彼此联系、照应、衔接和过渡,大多采用平行型、延续型或集中型的发展模式。”[11]

3.2 学生习作中的语篇问题

3.2.1 缺乏整体构思,语篇构架混乱

按照作文题目的要求,给出的提纲分为三点,学生应该从三方面加以论述,前两段分别论述两种观点,在第三段表时自己的态度,要言之有理。

而有的学生不注意篇章结构,把本应分三部分阐述的观点融为一起,显得思维混乱。如:

“Somebody think money is the source of happiness,and somebody think money is the root of all evil.But I’m think the money have some benefit and harmful.Money can make someone who drive the car and live in the big or beautiful house.Of course,in the times,we can’t have no money.If it true,that we may be can’t live in the world.Because we need money to buy food,driving or living.So someone think money is the source of happiness.But also,the money make the evil,we can see someone who kill man because money,someone go rob because money,someone accept bribes because money.So we also think money get evil.”

此文有许多语法和词汇搭配的错误,在这里不再过多论述,着重从语篇的框架入手分析。在论述观点时,这位学生先是简要提了别人的观点,然后提出自己的观点,而在举例说明后又说“so someone think”,再举例后又说“so we also think”。非常明显这样的篇章布局给人思维混乱的感觉,到底是在说别人的观点还是在说自己的观点。

在这里应教会学生,首先要分段,“要整体构思,根据具体要求、头脑中的已存知识和能得到的配料确定要表达的主题,考虑大致篇幅,分几部分,每一部分的主题又是什么;要注意语篇构架,弄清楚哪部分先讲、哪部分后讲以及各部之间的语义连贯问题。”[12]

这里借用方丽(2004)在研究中使用的两个术语“宏观主位”和“段落主位”。“宏观主位”指整篇文章的主题或中心;“段落主位”指段落的主题。英语语篇段落与段落之间联系紧密,连贯性强,各段都与主题有着紧密的联系,宏观主位与段落主位总是保持着一致性、连贯性。“而大多数中国学生的英语语篇显得结构松散,段落主位常常出现与宏观主位不一致的情况,段落与段落之间联系不紧密,连贯性差,某些段落与主题没有紧密的联系。”[11]因此在篇章布局上,应当向学生分析范文中的“段落主位”和“宏观主位”是怎样保持一致,以便学生在自己的写作中有这样的意识,以利于他们作文的篇章布局。

以这次作文为例,宏观主位应是对金钱的态度,而段落主位应分为三部分,一部分人的金钱观(金钱是幸福之本),另一部分人的金钱观(金钱是万恶之源)和自己本人的金钱观。因此,本文应从三方面加以论述,才会脉络清晰,语篇连贯。

3.2.2 主位选择不当,信息混乱

有些学生的主位选择不当,造成信息杂乱的感觉。如:

“And some people think the money is root of all evil.We do anything can use money.But they don’t see the evil that use money.In society,money crimes all source of money.They use all kinds of means to acquire more money.”

这是非常典型的一个段落,句与句之间的连贯性差。段落中几个主位以跳跃式的形式出现,彼此之间没有逻辑关系。

又如另一位学生的段落:

“Some people(T1)hold a view that money is the source of happiness.They(T2)grasped that money bring them anything they wanted which makes them happy.On the one hand,you(T3)don’t need to worry about establish foundation,children’s education fees and so on.On the other hand,you(T4)can do anything you want to do without fear of money.”

这位学生的英语写作水平相对比上一篇高,至少还能看出其基本的意思。下面针对其主位模式来分析,这段主要传达一些人的观点,前两句用了some people,they作为句子主位,是合适的。后两句用了you表达人称的无标记主位,造成了信息分散,给人一种杂乱的感觉。建议象范文一样把you改成they,这样此段的主位推进模式就和范文的第一段相似,有平行型和集中型,见图2。

3.2.3 句型单调,多是”主—谓”句

学生在英语写作中存在的一个普遍现象就是句型单调,词和句子结构缺乏变化,常常是千篇一律的”主—谓”句型,文章读起来死气沉沉,缺乏活力与节奏。

如以下一段:

“Firstly,many people think that money is source of happiness.Because they think our life needs some matter.And those matter need use the money to buy.They also think if people don’t have money,our life will become dark and don’t happiness.”

虽然此段存在明显的语法错误,但我们暂且不论,着重从句型的角度来分析:本段一共四句话,有三句都是以they think开头,显得很呆板,从主位推进模式来看,都是主位一致型。建议修改如下:

Firstly,many people(T1)//think that money is the source of happiness(R1),because happiness(T2)//means a lot of material things(R2).Such material things(T3)//need money(R3).Without money(T4)//,people’s life will be poor,not happy at all(T5).

修改后的主位推进模式如图3:

经修改后,原段落的主位推进模式由主位一致改为延续型,意义上层层推进,后一句对前一句内容的进行扩展和补充。这样修改后,会使原文的观点阐述更加流畅自然。

4 主位推进模式对英语写作教学的启示

中国学生在写作方面常犯的错误和常见的困难大致归结起来不外有三个层次:词汇层面、句法层面和语篇层面。前两个方面传统写作教学强调得比较多,而且随着学生英语语言水平的提高,这两个层面上的错误也会逐渐减少。但语篇层面的写作教学则一直以来是一个薄弱点,往往是学生不知问题出在哪里,老师也常常感到不知从何下手改进。

主位推进模式无疑为语篇层面上的写作教学提供了一个有效的途径。从以上的分析可看出,主位推进模式可以应用于CET-4范文的评析和学生习作的分析讲评。向学生讲授主位推进模式可有助于他们写作的语篇扩展和生成。

在写作教学中,教师可以通过讲授主位理论知识,培养学生的语篇衔接能力和谋篇布局能力。教师可采取多种方式如命题作文、给出大纲、让学生对大的篇章进行缩写等进行训练,有意识地引导学生根据不同的体裁、不同的读者对象作篇章主位结构安排,然后将不同的结构安排情况进行比较,通过多次练习使他们逐渐学会根据不同体裁熟练把握各类语篇的主位结构,克服传统写作教学中结构单调杂乱的不足。

在写作中要教会学生首先分析所写题目,进行整体构思;其次把握语篇结构,酝酿语篇组成部分及语义关系;再次进行主位推进模式、词汇和句法的选择;最后,认真修改语篇,仔细分析各主位结构,检查所应用的主位推进模式是否能很好地表达作者的意图。

5 结束语

总之,用主述位理论指导英语写作,可以改变写作时只注重遣词造句、衔接手段等语言形式的写作意识。主位推进模式体现句子之间的语义逻辑关系,清晰的主述位意识有助于提高句间和段落的连贯性。掌握和灵活运用主述位理论,在整体篇章结构上对写作具有指导意义。

参考文献

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[2]宋雅智.主位-述位及语篇功能[J].外语学刊,2008(4):85-87.

[3]Danes F.Functional sentence perspective and the organization of the test[A]//F.Danes(ed).Papers on Functinal Sentence Perspective[C].Prague:Academia,1974:106-128.

[4]Fires,Peter H.On the Status of Theme in English:Arguments from Discourse[A]//J.Petofi and E.Sozer(eds).Micro and Macro Connexity of Texts[C].Hanburg:Helmut Buske.1983:116-152.

[5]Bloor T,Bloor M.The Functional Analysis of English:A Hall-idayan Approach[M].Beijing:Foreign Lanuage Teaching and Research Press,2001:90-93.

[6]徐盛恒.主位和述位[J].外语教学与研究,1982(1).

[7]黄衍.试论英语主位和述位[J].外国语,1985(5).

[8]黄国文.语篇分析概要[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,1988.

[9]胡壮麟.语篇的衔接与连贯[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1994.

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[11]方丽.“主位推进程序”与中国学生的英语语篇思维模式[J].四川外语学院学报,2004(3):76-79.

篇4：英语作文练习两篇

假设你是李华，你们班将于6月19日组织一日游活动。请根据以下提示用英语发一封e-mail通知因感冒在家休息的交换生Tom同学，提醒他有关活动安排。

注意：

1. 词数：100词左右；

2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；

3. 参考词汇：费用 expense

Dear Tom，

I hope you are feeling better now.

Yours，

Li Hua

Dear Tom，

I hope you are feeling better now. （1） I am honored to tell you about our trip on June 19th. First， we will go on a two-hour guided tour of Xifengkou Pass，（2） whose scenery attract most of the visitors. Then at 10：00 a.m.，it will be followed by a visit to Jingzhong Hill， famous at home and abroad. （3） I am sure all of us will enjoy ourselves there. By the way， please bring your own lunch， as we will be picnicking on the top of the hill around 12：30 a.m.. Meanwhile，（4） we all should be awared of the importance of protecting the environment. Don’t throw the rubbish everywhere. Collecting it and putting it in the bin is the best way.（5） Finally，we are determining to return at about 5：00 p.m.

What’s worth thinking is the expense. It will be ￥65， including ￥ 45 for the entrance tickets and ￥ 20 for the bus tickets. In addition， you’d better wear the sports shoes in case of emergency.

What a wonderful opportunity!Hope you will join us in the coming trip and be sure to arrive at the gate before 7：00 a.m..

Yours，

Li Hua

1. 具体分析：

（1） 句中运用了“I am honored to tell you ...”句型，表示“很高兴/荣幸地告诉你……”，显示出对交换生Tom的尊重和友好。

（2） 句为非限制性定语从句，与前一句构成长短句结合，对Xifengkou Pass做补充说明，体现了作者较强的语言功底。但定语从句中存在错误，定语从句的先行词是Xifengkou Pass，whose scenery指的就是the scenery of Xifengkou Pass，为单数形式，因此谓语动词也应用单数形式attracts。

（3） 句“I am sure all of us will enjoy ourselves there. By the way， please bring your own lunch as we will be picnicking on the top of the hill around 12：30 a.m.”中“I am sure”和“By the way”的运用增强了表达色彩。

（4）句应为：we all should be aware of the importance of protecting the environment。因为aware本身就是形容词，放在be后作表语，构成“be aware of sth./doing sth.”，意为“意识到……”。

（5）句应为：Finally， we have decided to return at about 5：00 p.m.。原句中determine的用法不当。

2. 整体点评：

本文属于给出材料内容的说明文，要求按照时间顺序，将各个时间点发生的事情清楚连贯地表达出来，以让对方明白具体在什么时间做什么事情，需要做哪些准备等等。

本篇习作基本完整地表述出了表格中的内容，first，then和finally的使用体现了清晰的逻辑性。in addition，meanwhile等连接词的运用使得文章衔接自然、顺畅，达到了高考英语作文第五档的要求，即要点齐全、语句连贯。此外，文中还使用了一些较高级的词汇和表达，如“famous at home and abroad”，“be aware of”，“be determined to do sth.”， “including”等，以及复杂句式如“whose scenery attracts ...”，动名词作主语“Collecting it and putting it in the bin is the best way”等，更增强了文章色彩。

Dear Tom，

I hope you are feeling better now. I am honored to tell you about our trip on June 19th. First， we will go on a two-hour guided tour of Xifengkou Pass， whose scenery attracts most of the visitors. Then at 10：00 a.m.， it will be followed by a visit to Jingzhong Hill， famous at home and abroad. I am sure all of us will enjoy ourselves there. By the way， please bring your own lunch， as we will be picnicking on the top of the hill around 12：30 a.m. Meanwhile， we all should be aware of the importance of protecting the environment. Don’t throw rubbish everywhere. Collecting it and putting it in the bin is the best way. Finally， we have decided to return at about 5：00 p.m..

What’s worth thinking is the expense. It will be ￥ 65， including ￥ 45 for the entrance ticket and ￥ 20 for the bus ticket. In addition， you’d better wear sports shoes in case of emergency.

What a wonderful opportunity!Hope you will join us in the coming trip and be sure to arrive at the gate before 7：00 a.m..

Yours，

Li Hua

二、 书信写作

假设你是陈明，你的美国朋友Sarah打算暑期来北京旅游，现在来信询问改建后前门大街的情况。请你写封回信，简单介绍以下内容：

简况：长800余米，600多年历史，300余家商铺；

位置：天安门广场南面；

交通：公共汽车17、69、59路等，地铁2号线；

特色：步行街、当当车、茶馆、剧院等；

参考词汇：步行街 pedestrian street

当当车 trolley car

地铁 subway

注意： 1. 词数：100词左右；

2. 不要逐字逐句翻译，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Sarah，

Thank you for your letter asking about the rebuilt Qianmen Street. Here is something about it.

Yours，

Chen Ming

Dear Sarah，

Thank you for your letter asking about the rebuilt Qianmen Street. Here is something about it. Qianmen Street is a famous street that enjoys a history of more than 600 years. The 800-meter long street is lined with 300 shops， providing varieties of goods.

（1）Stretch itself along the south of Tiananmen square， the center of Beijing， Qianmen Street is within easy access by taking Bus 17， 59， 69 as well as Subway No.2.

Shopping is not the only thing you can do on Qianmen Street. （2） Should you get tired of the sun and walking on the pedestrian street， the trolley cars could take you to one of the many tea houses and theaters，（3） there you can not only cool off but experience the truly Chinese life styles. That’s really cool!

Yours truly，

Chen Ming

1. 具体分析：

（1） 句应为：“Stretching itself along the south of Tian’anmen Square， the center of Beijing， Qianmen Street is within easy access by taking Bus 17，59，69 as well as subway No.2”。

本句主干部分为“Qianmen street is within easy access by taking Bus 17，59，69 as well as subway No.2”，已经有谓语动词is，因此前面部分应该用非谓语动词形式，stretching为现在分词形式作状语，其逻辑主语是Qianmen Street。

（2） 句应为：Should you get tired of the sun and walking on the pedestrian street，the trolley cars can take you to one of the many tea houses and theaters。

篇5：初三英语作文练习

阅读理解综合练习

Do you know how to play a game called “Musical Chairs”? It is easy to play and most people enjoy it. All you need are some chairs， some people and some way of making music. You may use a piano or any other musical instrument， if someone can play it. You may use a tape recorder. You can even use a radio.

Put the chairs in a row. The chairs may be put in twos， back to back. A better way is to have the chairs in one row with each chair facing in the opposite direction to the chair next to it.

The game is easy. When the music starts， the players walk round the chairs. Everyone goes in the same direction， of course， they should walk in time to the music. If the music is fast they should walk quickly. If the music is slow， they should walk slowly.

The person playing music cannot see the people in the game. When the music stops， the players try to sit on the chairs. If a person cannot find a chair to sit on， he drops out. Then， before the music starts again， one chair must be taken away. When the music stops again， one more player will be out.

At last， there will be two players and one chair. The one who sits on the chair when the music stops is the winner.

根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。

1. If ten people are playing musical chairs， you must begin with _______.

A. nine chairs B. ten chairs

C. eleven chairs D. one chair

2. Which of the following is not suitable for playing musical chairs? _______.

A. A piano B. A radio

C. A tape recorder D. A telephone

3. The chairs should be put _______.

A. with the desks B. before the winner

C. all over the room D. in a line

4. When the music starts,the players must _______.

A. run about the room

B. get down

C. walk around the chairs

D. sit on the chairs

5. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. The game “Musical Chairs” is not difficult to learn.

B. The last one can sit on the last chair.

C. The winner can sit on the chair.

篇6：初三英语作文练习

一、名词的数

1、名词按其所表示的`事物的性质分为可数名词（Cuntable Nun） 和不可数名词（Uncuntable Nun），可数名词又有单数和复数两种形式。

练一练 ：把下面的名词变成它的复数形式

seasn_______fr________plan_________bus______

（一）数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符.

例如:ten-inute

A. six slices f apples B. five slices f nin

C. fur piece f nins D. five piece f breads

57. I als lie se ______ and ______.

A. tat; chicen B. tates; chicen C. tats; chicens D. tates; chicens

58. ―What is ur sister ding n Dail, April—Octber

Waling Turs f Glasgercat-turs.c.u

Fail (2 Adults ≈ 2 Children ): &pund;13.00

根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入提前括号内。

( ) 1. If i  H

篇7：初三英语作文练习

Main task:

Write an article about your favourite film star.

Tasks:

1. Use the past perfect tense to talk about a past action that happened before another past action.

2. Use the past perfect tense to ask questions about past actions.

3. To use ‘should’, ‘ought to’, ‘had better’, ‘have to’, and ‘must’ to give advice.

4. To learn to use ‘why not’, ‘why don’t you’, and ‘perhaps’ to give advice.

二. 重点、难点：

Grammar A B C

A Past perfect tense 过去完成时态

We can use the past perfect tense to talk about an action that happened before another action in the past. 我们可以用过去完成时态来谈论在过去某个时间之前完成的动作。

过去完成时态由 had + v.ed (动词的过去分词) 构成。

e.g. Audrey had been a model before she became a Hollywood superstar.

When I arrived at the station, the train had left.

She had finished all her homework before she watched TV.

过去完成时态的一般疑问句把had提到主语之前;否定句在had后加not。

e.g. Had you seen any of her films before you saw this one?

Yes, I had. / No, I hadn’t.

The film hadn’t begun when he arrived at the cinema.

B Giving advice with ‘should’ ‘ought to’ ‘had better’ ‘have to’ ‘must’ 用should、ought to、had better、have to、must 提出建议。

(1) 当我们要用“和善”的方法提出建议时，用 should, ought to 和 had better。

e.g. We should go and see Mary sometime.

You ought to watch more Western films to improve your English.

They had better arrive early so that they won’t miss anything.

should/ ought to 表示“应该”，后跟动词原形。should 比ought to语气要轻一些，should谈的是自己的主观看法，而ought to则更多地反映客观情况。

should的否定形式是should not; ought to 的否定形式是ought not to。

had better表示“最好”，后跟动词原形，否定式是had better not do sth.

e.g. You should not do that.

Students ought not to be late for class.

It’ s cold .You had better put on your coat.

She had better not go out at night.

(2) 当我们想用“更强硬”的态度提出建议时，用have to 和must.

e.g. You have to stop smoking.

You must buy a ticket to go into the cinema.

have to / must 表示“必须”，后跟动词原形; have to 常表示客观要求，must则表示主观愿望。

e.g. I have to finish my work on time. (外界要求我完成)

I must finish my work on time. (自己想完成)

have to 的否定式是 don’t have to, 表示“不必要”;must的否定式是must not, 表示“一定不能”、“不允许”。

e.g. She doesn’t have to do all the homework.

You mustn’t put your bike here.

C Using ‘why not’, ‘why don’t you’ and perhaps. 用 why not, why don’t you 和perhaps 来提建议。

why not / why don’t you 后跟动词原形，也是提出建议的两种方式，表示“为什么不……”, 两者可以互换。

e.g. Why not go out for a walk?

Why don’t you go out for a walk?

Why not wear a T-shirt? =Why don’t you wear a T-shirt?

perhaps 是提出建议的另一种方式，表示“或许，可能，也许”。

e.g. Perhaps you should read the film review.

Integrated Skills

1. There is a film festival in Sunshine Town. 阳光城有个电影节。

2. Tales of Old Beijing. 老北京的故事。

3. The World of Dinosaurs. 恐龙世界。

4. A rich woman falls in love with a man. 一个富家小姐爱上了一个男的。

fall in love with sb. 爱上某人

5. The film is suitable for all ages. 这部电影适合所有年龄的人。

be suitable for sb. 适合某人

e.g. This coat is suitable for you.

6. They have a bad effect on people, especially teenagers. 他们对人们有坏的影响，特别是对青少年。

have a bad effect on sb. 对某人有坏的影响

effect 名词，“作用，影响”。

7. I like romantic films because they usually have happy endings. 我喜欢浪漫片，因为它们通常都有一个开心的结局。

ending “故事的结局，终结”

e.g. a story with a sad ending 一个结局悲惨的故事

Study Skills

1. responding to opinions 对意见的反应

2. … so that she can discuss what is … 以便她能讨论……

so that 以便，为了，引导一个目的状语。

e.g. Get up early so that you can catch the bus.

Main Task

1. Gong Li has starred in many other successful films. 巩俐已经在其他多部成功的影片中担任主角。

star 在这里是动词，“主演……，由……主演”

e.g. One cinema showed a film starring Charlie Chaplin.

2. I believe her acting skills will become even better in the future. 我相信她的演技将来会变得甚至更好。

even better甚至更好。 even甚至, 可以用来修饰比较级，表示程度。

e.g. It’s even colder today than yesterday.

【模拟试题】(答题时间：80分钟)

一、听力选择：

A. 根据所听对话，选择正确答案：

( ) 1. What colour is the woman’s blouse?

A. White. B. Blue. C. Red.

( ) 2. What does the woman mean?

A. She must go home now.

B. She will stay a little longer

C. It is not late.

( ) 3. What does the woman mean?

A. She is not ready.

B. She is already ready.

C. She has started.

( ) 4. How did Alice go to school?

A. By bicycle. B. On foot. C. By bus.

( ) 5. What kind of weather are they having?

A. Hot. B. Warm. C. Cold.

( ) 6. What is Mary going to do that afternoon?

A. Go to the library to borrow a few books.

B. Go swimming.

C. Study in the library.

B. 短文理解：

( ) 7. Which of the following did they not order?

A. Fish. B. Soup. C. Beef.

( ) 8. Why did they go to the restaurant?

A. To have tea. B. To have coffee. C. To have lunch.

( ) 9. When did the speaker and George go to the restaurant?

At about 1:00p.m. B. At about 2:00p.m. C. At about 3:00p.m.

( ) 10. What did George want to do in the end?

A. To drink some more coffee.

B. To have some milk.

C. To have afternoon tea.

二、用所给词的适当形式填空：

1. Until she spoke I _______ (not realize) she wasn’t Chinese.

2. Jerry _______ (learn) some Chinese before he came to China.

3. ______ Millie ______ (finish) her homework when Simon phoned her?

4. When I woke up this morning, it ______ (stop) snowing.

5. By the time I got there, the plane ______(leave) already.

6. I told her that I ______ (be) to the Great Wall three times.

7. She _______ (teach) in this school for more than ten years.

8. By the end of last year we ________(read) 3 hundred English stories.

三、用 had better, have to, must, should, why not, why don’t 的适当形式填空：(如果需要加not)

1. It’s getting dark. ______ you go home?

2. Everyone ______ buy a ticket if he wants to enter this park.

3. _______ go out for a walk? You may feel better after that.

4. You ______ smoke here. Look, there’s a sign “No smoking.”

5. Oh, I think you ______ tell him the truth, or I’m afraid he will kill himself.

6. You ______ choose this one. I think it looks good on you.

7. Disneyland is so interesting! You _______ go there if you have time. I’m sure you’ll like it.

四、翻译下列句子：

1. 当我们到电影院时，电影已经开始了。

____________________________________________________.

2. 他说他以前从没看过如此激动人心的比赛。

____________________________________________________.

3. 到上个月底为止，他们已经学了两千多个英语单词。

_____________________________________________________.

4. 放学之前她已经做完了她的家庭作业

_____________________________________________________.

5. 他明天还得去看病。

_____________________________________________________.

6. 我喜欢动作片因为它们很刺激。

_____________________________________________________.

7. 他的梦想是成为一名成功的舞蹈家。

_____________________________________________________.

8. 你为什么不去问李磊呢?他或许知道。

_____________________________________________________.

9. 他今天起得很早，以便能第一个去看医生。

_____________________________________________________.

10. 我不得不放弃篮球，因为我的个子不够高。

_____________________________________________________.

五、完形填空：

The world is divided into two main parts. The ____1____ is that one part is rich and the other is ___2___. In the poor part, a lot of people never get enough to __3____. In the rich part, a lot of people eat too ___4___. In one part, children get hungry and in the other part a lot of people get ____5____ and have to go on diets, or do special exercises in order to lose ___6___.

The poorer countries are called “the ___7____ countries”. They have special problems. Many of these ___8____ are too big for one country to solve alone. Help, which must be the ___9___ help, should be given by the rich countries. Money is not ___10____. The developing countries must be helped to help themselves.

( ) 1. A . conclusion B. difference C. division D. opinion

( ) 2. A. poor B. big C. small D. crowded

( ) 3. A. spare B. spend C. eat D. share

( ) 4. A. little B. much C. badly D. often

( ) 5. A. older and older B. stronger and stronger

C. fatter and fatter D. worse and worse

( ) 6. A. money B. way C. sight D. weight

( ) 7. A. developing B. industrial C. agriculture D. hard-working

( ) 8. A. factories B. buildings C. playgrounds D. problems

( ) 9. A. good B. correct C. right D. kind

( ) 10. A. public B. important C. special D. enough

六、写作：写一篇短文，介绍你最喜欢的电影明星。 (不少于60字)

【试题答案】

一、A. 根据所听对话，选择正确答案：

1. M: Do you like Mary’s new white blouse?

W: Yes, very much. In fact, I’ve one just like hers, but it’s blue.

2. M: Do you have to leave now?

W: I’m sorry, but I must. My parents are expecting me.

3. M: Are you ready?

W: Ready? I haven’t even started.

4. M: Did you come to school by bicycle, Alice?

W: No, It broke down on the way, so I had to walk.

5. M: Did you hear the weather report?

W: Yes, they said it would be slightly above freezing tomorrow.

6. M: Hi, Mary. Would you like to go swimming this afternoon?

W: I wish I could, but I have to spend the rest of the day in the library. I’ve to write an 800-word composition.

B. 短文理解：

My friend George is very fat because he likes eating a lot of good food. George and I graduated from different universities but now we work in the same office. Last Friday since we did not have much work to do in the afternoon, I took George out to lunch. After we sat down at a table in a restaurant, the waiter brought us the menu. We ordered beef, fish, chicken and several other dishes. After the big meal, we ate some cheese and drank some coffee. When the clock struck four o’clock, I said to George that we ought to leave since we had been there for nearly three hours, but George refused and said that it was time for tea.

1-6 B A A B C C 7-10 B C A C

二、用所给词的适当形式填空：

1. didn’t realize

2. had learned

3. Had finished

4. had stopped

5. had left

6. had been

7. has taught

8. had read

三、用 had better, have to, must, should, why not, why don’t 的适当形式填空：(如果需要加not)

1. Why don’t

2. has to

3. Why not

4. must not

5. must

6. had better

7. should

四、翻译下列句子：

1. When we got to the cinema, the film had begun.

2. He said he had never seen such an exciting game.

3. By the end of last month, they had learned more than 2 thousand English words.

4. She had finished doing her homework before school was over.

5. He will have to go to see a doctor tomorrow.

6. I like action films because they are very exciting.

7. His dream is to become a successful dancer.

8. Why don’t you go to ask Li Lei? He may know.

9. He got up very early this morning, so that he could first see the doctor

10. I have to give up basketball, because I am not tall enough.

五、完形填空：

1-5 B A C B C 6-10 D A D C D

篇8：加强英语练习,提高英语教学效率

一、小学英语练习的基本方面

1.巩固语言知识。语言知识和语言技能是综合语言运用能力的基础,是语言理解和表达的基础。因而,应牢固掌握语言知识。巩固语言知识的练习有:听音辨音、对比发音(长短元音、请浊辅音等)、变化词形、分析词的构成、选词造句、同义词替换、多项选择、区分正误、联词成句、词句完形等。这类练习一般从形式到内容都使学生意识到所学的英语基本知识,同时对基本知识有重重测试的作用。

2.形成语言技能。小学阶段英语教学的重点应放在听、说、读、写训练上。要放在引导学生养成良好的读音、正确的听、说、读、写习惯和运用英语的习惯上.要养成良好的接受英语和学习英语的方法上。如:自由对话、自由作文、转述课文大意、看图说话、看表演说话、真实情景谈话等,这类练习对学生如何活动未加严格限制,但要求表现出较高的灵活性、创造性。

3.发展学习策略。针对英、汉两种语言的特点和异同,重点培养学生运用学习策略的能力。其中包括:感知和模仿英语发音的特点;掌握有效记忆和使用英语词汇的方法,理解英语句型结构和语用功能。在小学阶段,应强调培养小学生良好的语言学习习惯.并特别强调对英语的感知能力的培养。可以说,语感是小学英语教学的重要内容之一。在小学阶段,学习策略的培养可以采用渗透的方式,多引导学生通过感知不同学习方法和技巧的作用,养成良好的学习习惯。如:词汇按构成、意义、拼法、用法、词类等进行归类,这类练习对于在学习中发展和发挥智力,培养独立学习能力。提高学习效率有特殊的功效。

4.激发情感态度。如:猜谜语、拼词竞赛、联词竞赛、有奖单词记忆比赛、连贯性自由对话比赛、朗读比赛、快读比赛、演讲比赛、唱英语歌曲、课本剧表演等。此类练习一方面有助于知识的掌握和能力的提高,另一方面因其形式活泼,内容有趣,符合少年儿童的心理特征和要求,所以可提高学生学习英语的直接兴趣.实现通常所说的“寓学于嬉”。小学生由于年龄特点,亟需活泼课堂,因此这类练习进入课堂,成为整个练习体系一个不可缺少的组成部分。

5.提高文化意识。跨文化教育是义务教育英语课程应有之义,其目标应该是引导学生初步形成积极、开放、合理的跨文化态度。教师应基于课文、活动,在日常教学活动中渗透文化教育。如感恩节快到了,教师可以先让学生阅读一篇有关感恩节的来历以及感恩节时文章,然后让其从中寻找适当的句子,谈谈自己的感受和感恩心理。最后,让孩子对周围帮助过自己的人(特别是自己的父母)写几句感恩的话。如此,便“于无声处”进行跨文化教育。

二、小学英语练习的基本形式

课的类型不同,教学环节不同,练习的目的不同,练习的安排形式也就不一样。提高练习效率,就要针对不同的课型、不同的教学环节和不同的练习目的采用不同的练习形式。

1.从课型来分。在英语教学中,从课型来看,我们可分为新授课、巩固课和复习课,如:新授课的练习设计,新授课主要是向学生传授新知识为内容的课型,这是小学英语教学中最常用而又最复杂的一种课型。讲解新知识之后要安排巩固课进行练习,即通过听、说、读、写等形式巩固与检测学生,及时了解各类学生对新知识的理解与巩固程度,其目的是让学生在巩固练习中加深理解,消除疑难,力争使新知识当堂消化。

2.从教学环节来分。从一节课的教学环节来看。我们又可分为课堂准备、课堂呈现与操练、课堂巩固与发展三个阶段。不同的课型在不同的阶段有着不同的目的和要求,也就有着不同的练习设计。如:在新授课中,新授前组织基本功练习或为学习新知识作好知识迁移的准备性练习。新课进行过程中要结合有关内容作单项的、局部的反馈性练习。新授结束时要作巩固性的基本练习、变式练习。新课后要作提高性的对比练习、综合练习,也可以为继续学习新知作孕状性的练习,或为激发学习兴趣、满足学生的求知欲望,安排难而可攀的思考性练习。因此,我们将课堂练习分为以下三种形式:(1)Preparation(课堂准备性练习)一般的说,在新授课之前要安排一些“铺垫性”的练习,也就是准备性练习又叫引新练习,或前置性练习。它既是教师和学生上好课的知识、心理准备,又是学习新知识的坚实基础。其练习过程就是在新旧知识间架桥铺路的过程。

(2)Presentation and Practice(课堂呈现与操练性练习) 新课进行过程中要呈现有关新内容并作单项的、局部的操练性练习,在学习新知识时,教师要引导学生进行一系列实践活动。要不断提出问题、指出目标,使学生凭借已有的知识和学习经验,完成旧知到新知的转化。

(3)Consolidation and Development(课堂巩固与发展性练习)A.Consolidation(课堂巩固性练习)。在新知学完后,学生要对新知进一步理解和巩固,进而形成技能技巧。这就要求教师要依纲扣本、把握重点、设计份量适中,层次分明,且螺旋式上升的巩固练习。这类练习一般要求学生独立完成,教师重在了解学生掌握的程度,以反馈调节,并力争于课内补偿欠缺,纠正偏差。因此,教师要尽量当堂面批练习,提高作业效率。同时,还可以采用竞赛、游戏等形式,激发学生争强好胜的心理。B.Development(课堂发展性练习)。