会计专业英语词汇

2024-07-10

会计专业英语词汇(共6篇)

篇1:会计专业英语词汇

A

 Advertising expense 广告费用 Accrual basis of accounting 权责发生制 Accounts payable 应付账款 Accounts receivable 应收账款

 Account帐户

 Accrual-type adjusting entry(accruals)应计类调整分录

 Accounting information system 会计信息系统

 Accounts receivable-net 净应收账款

 Accumulated depreciation-land improvement 累计折旧-土地改良物  Accumulated depreciation-buildings 累计折旧-建筑物

 Accumulated depreciation-equipment 累计折旧-设备

 Accumulated depreciation 累计折旧

 Assets 资产

 Amortization expense 待摊费用

 Allowance for doubtful accounts 呆账准备

 Aging of accounts receivable 应收账款帐龄

B

 Bank service charge expense 银行服务费

 Balance sheet 资产负债表

 Bad debt expense 坏账费用

 Bank reconciliation 银行对账单 Bond issue costs 债券发行成本 Bonds payable 应付债券 Book value of a company 公司的账面价值

 Book value 账面价值

 Building 建筑物

C

 Carrying amount 账面结存额

 Carrying value 账面结存额

 Cash 现金

 Cash basis of accounting 收付实现制

 Cash receipt 现金收入(据)

 Creditor 债权人

 Certified Management Accountants 注册管理会计师

 Certified Internal Auditor注册内部审计师

 Certified Public Accountants注册公共会计师

 Carrying amount 账面结存额

 Common stock 普通股

 Conservatism 谨慎性

 Contra account 抵消帐户,对销帐户

 Contra asset account 备抵资产账户

 Contra equity account 备抵权益账户

 Contra liability account 备抵负债账户

 Cost principle 成本原则 Commissions expense 佣金费用 Contribution Margin 边际贡献(贡献毛利)Cost of goods sold 销货成本

 Chart of accounts 帐户表

 Customer deposits 客户存款

 Credit 贷

 Classified balance sheet 分类资产负债表

 Current assets 流动资产

 Current year’s net income 当年净收入

D

 Delivery equipment 投递设备

 Depreciation expense 折旧费用

 Debit 借

 Deferral 递延

 Depreciation 折旧

 Depreciation expense – equipment 折旧费用-设备

 Deferred income taxes 递延所得税

 Depletion expense 折耗费

 Double entry accounting 复式记账会计

 Discount on bonds payable 应付债券折扣 Discount on notes payable 应付贷款折扣 Discontinued operations 终止经营E

 Equipment 设备

 Expenses 费用

 Effective interest rate method of amortization 实际利率法摊销  Economic entity assumption 会计主体假设

 Earned 赚得

 Expired 到期的 Extraordinary item—gain 异常项目利得

 Extraordinary items异常项目

F

 Financial accounting 财务会计

 Fees earned 挣得的费用

 First in, fist out(FIFO)先进先出

 Financial accounting standards board(FASB)财务会计准则委员会  Financial statement 财务报表

 Full disclosure principle 充分披露原则

 Fixed expenses 固定费用

 Financing activities 筹资活动

 Furniture and fixtures 家具和固定装置

G

 Gains 利得 General journal entry 普通日记账分录 Gain on sale of assets 出售资产利得 General ledger 总分类账

 Gain on sale of land 出售土地利得

 Generally accepted accounting principles(GAAP)公认会计原则  Going concern assumption持续经营假设

 Gain on sale of investments 出售投资利得

 Gross margin 毛利

 Goodwill 商誉

 Gain on sale of truck 出售卡车利得

I

 Institute of Certified Public Accountants美国公共注册会计师协会  Institute of Management Accountants 管理会计师协会

 Insurance expense 保险费用

 Interest expense 利息费用

 Interest payable 应付利息

 Inventory 存货

 Investment revenues 投资收益

 Income summary account 收入汇总帐户

 Interest income 利息收益 Investment securities 证券投资 Interest receivable 应收利息 Interest revenues 利息收入

 Income statement 收益表

 Income statement account 收益表帐户

 Incurred 发生的 Income taxes payable 应付所得税

 Indirect method of SCF 现金流量表间接方法

 Investing activities 投资活动

 Intangible assets 无形资产

 Investments 投资

 Investor 投资者

J

 Joe Perez, Capital Joe Perez 资本

 Joe Perez, Drawing Joe Perez 提款

 Journal entry 日记账分录

 J.Ott, Capital J.Ott 资本

 J.Ott, Drawing J.Ott 提款

L

 Land 土地

 Liabilities 负债

 Loans receivable 应收贷款

 Losses 损失

 Loss on sale of assets 出售资产损失 Loss from lawsuit 诉讼损失 Long term investments 长期投资 Loss on sale of truck 出售卡车损失

 Loss on sale of computer 出售计算机损失

 Last in, first out(LIFO)后进先出

 Land improvements 土地改良

 Lawsuit payable 应付诉讼费

 Long term liabilities 长期负债

 M

 Managerial accounting 管理会计

 Matching principle 配比原则

 Mary Smith, Capital--Mary Smith资本

 Mary Smith, Drawing--Mary Smith提款

 Miscellaneous expense 杂项费用

 Merchandise inventory 商品存货

 Mortgage loan payable应付抵押贷款

 Monetary unit assumption货币单位假设

 Matt Jones, Capital Matt Jones资本

 Matt Jones, current year net income Matt Jones当年净收入N Net income 净收益

 Net loss 净损失

 Notes payable 应付票据(贷款)

 Net realizable value 可变现净值

 Net of tax 除税净额

 O

 Office equipment 办公设备

 Owner’s(stockholders’)equity 业主(股东)权益

 Organization chart组织结构图

 Operating activities 经营活动

 Other current assets 其它流动资产

 Other current liabilities 其它流动负债

 Office equipment expense 办公设备费

 Office supplies expense 办公用品费

 Operating income 营业收入

 Other accrual expenses payable 其它应付应计费用

 Other assets 其它资产

P

 private accounting 私业会计

 public accounting 公共(众)会计

 Paid-in capital 实收资本

 Preferred stock 优先股 Prepaid advertising 预付广告费 Prepaid association dues 预付协会会费 Prepaid expense 预付费用

 Prepaid insurance 预付保险费

 Prepaid rent 预付租金

 Purchases购买品

 Principal 本金

 paid-in capital in excess of par value-common stock 普通股股票溢价  paid-in capital in excess of par value-preferred stock 优先股股票溢价  paid-in capital from treasury stock 出售库存股所得资本

 Payroll taxes payable 应付工资税

 Purchase order 订货单

 Petty cash 零用现金

 Property, plant, and equipment 固定资产

 Primary activities 主营业务

 Promissory note 本票

R

 Rent expense 租金费用

 Retained earnings 留存收益

 Revenues recognition principle 收入确认原则 Revenues 收入 Repairs and maintenance expense 修理及维护费用 Residual value 残值;剩余价值

 Receipts 入款

S

 Sales 销售收入

 Sales allowances 销货折让

 sales discounts 销售折扣

 sales returns销货退回

 Salaries expense 工资费用

 Sales revenues 销货收入

 Salaries payable 应付工资

 Securities and Exchange Commission 美国证券交易委员会

 Service revenues 服务收入

 Service charge revenues 服务费收入

 Supplies 供应品

 Supplies expense 供应品费用

 Subsidiary ledger 明细分类账

 Secondary activities 次营业务

 Sold 销售

 Sole proprietorship 独资企业

 Statement of cash flows 现金流量表

 Statement of stockholders’ equity 股东权益表 

 Stockholders’ equity 股东权益T Temporary help expense 临时帮助费用 Telephone expense 电话费

 Trial balance 试算平衡表

 Temporary service expense 临时服务费用  Treasury stock 库存股

 T-account T型帐户

 Taxes payable 应付税款

 Temporary investments 临时投资

 Trade names 商标

U

 Unearned revenues 未实现收入

 Utilities expense 能源费(水、电、气等)V

 Vehicles 交通工具

 Vendors 供应商

W

 Wages expense 工资费用

 Wages payable 应付工资

 Warranty liability 担保负债(责任)Y

 Year-to-date net income 年累计净收入

篇2:会计专业英语词汇

account balancde 结平的帐户

account bill 帐单

account books 帐

account classification 帐户分类

account current 往来帐

account form of balance sheet 帐户式资产负债表

account form of profit and loss statement 帐户式损益表

account payable 应付帐款

account receivable 应收帐款

account of payments 支出表

account of receipts 收入表

account title 帐户名称,会计科目

accounting year 或financial year 会计

accounts payable ledger 应付款分类帐

Accounting period(会计期间)

are related to specific time periods ,typically one year(通常是一年)

资产负债表:balance sheet 可以不大写b

利润表: income statements(or statements of income)

利润分配表:retained earnings

现金流量表:cash flows

1、部门的称谓

市场部Marketing

销售部 Sales Department(也有其它讲法,如宝洁公司销售部叫客户生意发展部CBD)

客户服务 Customer Service,例如客服员叫CSR,R for representative

人事部 Human Resource

行政部 Admin.财务部 Finance & Accounting

产品供应 Product Supply,例如产品调度员叫 P S Planner

2、人员的称谓

助理 Assistant

秘书 secretary

前台接待小姐 Receptionist

文员 clerk,如会计文员为Accounting Clerk

主任 supervisor

经理 Manager

总经理 GM,General Manager

入场费admission

运费freight

小费tip

学费tuition

价格,代价charge

制造费用 Manufacturing overhead

材料费 Materials

管理人员工资 Executive Salaries

奖金 Wages

退职金 Retirement allowance

补贴 Bonus

外保劳务费 Outsourcing fee

福利费 Employee benefits/welfare

会议费 Coferemce

加班餐费 Special duties

市内交通费 Business traveling

通讯费 Correspondence

电话费 Correspondence

水电取暖费 Water and Steam

税费 Taxes and dues

租赁费 Rent

管理费 Maintenance

车辆维护费 Vehicles maintenance

油料费 Vehicles maintenance

培训费 Education and training

接待费 Entertainment

图书、印刷费 Books and printing

运费 Transpotation

保险费 Insurance premium

支付手续费 Commission

杂费 Sundry charges

折旧费 Depreciation expense

机物料消耗 Article of consumption

劳动保护费 Labor protection fees

总监Director

总会计师 Finance Controller

高级 Senior 如高级经理为 Senior Manager

营业费用 Operating expenses

代销手续费 Consignment commission charge

运杂费 Transpotation

保险费 Insurance premium

展览费 Exhibition fees

广告费 Advertising fees

管理费用 Adminisstrative expenses

职工工资 Staff Salaries

修理费 Repair charge

低值易耗摊销 Article of consumption

办公费 Office allowance

差旅费 Travelling expense

工会经费 Labour union expenditure

研究与开发费 Research and development expense

福利费 Employee benefits/welfare

职工教育经费 Personnel education

待业保险费 Unemployment insurance

劳动保险费 Labour insurance

医疗保险费 Medical insurance 会议费 Coferemce

聘请中介机构费 Intermediary organs

咨询费 Consult fees

诉讼费 Legal cost

业务招待费 Business entertainment

技术转让费 Technology transfer fees

矿产资源补偿费 Mineral resources compensation fees

排污费 Pollution discharge fees

房产税 Housing property tax

车船使用税 Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT)

土地使用税 Tenure tax

印花税 Stamp tax

财务费用 Finance charge

利息支出 Interest exchange

汇兑损失 Foreign exchange loss

各项手续费 Charge for trouble

各项专门借款费用 Special-borrowing cost

帐目名词

一、资产类 Assets

流动资产 Current assets

货币资金 Cash and cash equivalents

现金 Cash

银行存款 Cash in bank

其他货币资金 Other cash and cash equivalents

外埠存款 Other city Cash in bank

银行本票 Cashier's cheque

银行汇票 Bank draft

信用卡 Credit card

信用证保证金 L/C Guarantee deposits

存出投资款 Refundable deposits

短期投资 Short-term investments

股票 Short-term investmentscorporate bonds

基金 Short-term investmentsother

短期投资跌价准备 Short-term investments falling price reserves

应收款 Account receivable

应收票据 Note receivable

银行承兑汇票 Bank acceptance

商业承兑汇票 Trade acceptance

应收股利 Dividend receivable

应收利息 Interest receivable

应收账款 Account receivable

其他应收款 Other notes receivable

坏账准备 Bad debt reserves

预付账款 Advance money

应收补贴款 Cover deficit by state subsidies of receivable

库存资产 Inventories

物资采购 Supplies purchasing

原材料 Raw materials

包装物 Wrappage

低值易耗品 Low-value consumption goods

材料成本差异 Materials cost variance

自制半成品 Semi-Finished goods

库存商品 Finished goods

商品进销差价 Differences between purchasing and selling price

委托加工物资 Work in process-outsourced

委托代销商品 Trust to and sell the goods on a commission basis

受托代销商品 Commissioned and sell the goods on a commission basis

存货跌价准备 Inventory falling price reserves

分期收款发出商品 Collect money and send out the goods by stages

待摊费用 Deferred and prepaid expenses

长期投资 Long-term investment

长期股权投资 Long-term investment on stocks

股票投资 Investment on stocks

其他股权投资 Other investment on stocks

长期债权投资 Long-term investment on bonds

债券投资 Investment on bonds

其他债权投资 Other investment on bonds

长期投资减值准备 Long-term investments depreciation reserves

股权投资减值准备 Stock rights investment depreciation reserves

债权投资减值准备 Bcreditor's rights investment depreciation reserves

委托贷款 Entrust loans

本金 Principal

利息 Interest

减值准备 Depreciation reserves

固定资产 Fixed assets

房屋 Building

建筑物 Structure

机器设备 Machinery equipment

运输设备 Transportation facilities

工具器具 Instruments and implement

累计折旧 Accumulated depreciation

固定资产减值准备 Fixed assets depreciation reserves

房屋、建筑物减值准备 Building/structure depreciation reserves

机器设备减值准备 Machinery equipment depreciation reserves

工程物资 Project goods and material

专用材料 Special-purpose material

专用设备 Special-purpose equipment

预付大型设备款 Prepayments for equipment

为生产准备的工具及器具 Preparative instruments and implement for fabricate

在建工程 Construction-in-process

安装工程 Erection works 在安装设备 Erecting equipment-in-process

技术改造工程 Technical innovation project

大修理工程 General overhaul project

在建工程减值准备 Construction-in-process depreciation reserves

固定资产清理 Liquidation of fixed assets

无形资产 Intangible assets

专利权 Patents

非专利技术 Non-Patents

商标权 Trademarks, Trade names

著作权 Copyrights

土地使用权 Tenure

商誉 Goodwill

无形资产减值准备 Intangible Assets depreciation reserves

专利权减值准备 Patent rights depreciation reserves

商标权减值准备 trademark rights depreciation reserves

未确认融资费用 Unacknowledged financial charges

待处理财产损溢 Wait deal assets loss or income

待处理财产损溢 Wait deal assets loss or income

待处理流动资产损溢 Wait deal intangible assets loss or income

待处理固定资产损溢 Wait deal fixed assets loss or income

二、负债类 Liability

短期负债 Current liability

短期借款 Short-term borrowing

应付票据 Notes payable

银行承兑汇票 Bank acceptance

商业承兑汇票 Trade acceptance

应付账款 Account payable

预收账款 Deposit received

代销商品款 Proxy sale goods revenue

应付工资 Accrued wages

应付福利费 Accrued welfarism

应付股利 Dividends payable

应交税金 Tax payable

应交增值税 value added tax payable

进项税额 Withholdings on VAT

已交税金 Paying tax

转出未交增值税 Unpaid VAT changeover

减免税款 Tax deduction

销项税额 Substituted money on VAT

出口退税 Tax reimbursement for export

进项税额转出 Changeover withnoldings on VAT

出口抵减内销产品应纳税额 Export deduct domestic sales goods tax

转出多交增值税 Overpaid VAT changeover

未交增值税 Unpaid VAT

应交营业税 Business tax payable

应交消费税 Consumption tax payable 应交资源税 Resources tax payable

应交所得税 Income tax payable

应交土地增值税 Increment tax on land value payable

应交城市维护建设税 Tax for maintaining and building cities

payable

应交房产税 Housing property tax payable

应交土地使用税 Tenure tax payable

应交车船使用税 Vehicle and vessel usage license plate

tax(VVULPT)payable

应交个人所得税 Personal income tax payable

其他应交款 Other fund in conformity with paying

其他应付款 Other payables

预提费用 Drawing expense in advance

其他负债 Other liabilities

待转资产价值 Pending changerover assets value

预计负债 Anticipation liabilities

长期负债 Long-term Liabilities

长期借款 Long-term loans

一年内到期的长期借款 Long-term loans due within one year

一年后到期的长期借款 Long-term loans due over one year

应付债券 Bonds payable

债券面值 Face value, Par value

债券溢价 Premium on bonds

债券折价 Discount on bonds

应计利息 Accrued interest

长期应付款 Long-term account payable

应付融资租赁款 Accrued financial lease outlay

一年内到期的长期应付 Long-term account payable due within one year

一年后到期的长期应付 Long-term account payable over one year

专项应付款 Special payable

一年内到期的专项应付 Long-term special payable due within one year

一年后到期的专项应付 Long-term special payable over one year

递延税款 Deferral taxes

三、所有者权益类 OWNERS' EQUITY

资本 Capita

实收资本(或股本)Paid-up capital(or stock)

实收资本 Paicl-up capital

实收股本 Paid-up stock

已归还投资 Investment Returned

公积

资本公积 Capital reserve

资本(或股本)溢价 Cpital(or Stock)premium

接受捐赠非现金资产准备 Receive non-cash donate reserve

股权投资准备 Stock right investment reserves

拨款转入 Allocate sums changeover in

外币资本折算差额 Foreign currency capital

其他资本公积 Other capital reserve 盈余公积 Surplus reserves

法定盈余公积 Legal surplus

任意盈余公积 Free surplus reserves

法定公益金 Legal public welfare fund

储备基金 Reserve fund

企业发展基金 Enterprise expension fund

利润归还投资 Profits capitalizad on return of investment

利润 Profits

本年利润 Current year profits

利润分配 Profit distribution

其他转入 Other chengeover in

提取法定盈余公积 Withdrawal legal surplus

提取法定公益金 Withdrawal legal public welfare funds

提取储备基金 Withdrawal reserve fund

提取企业发展基金 Withdrawal reserve for business expansion

提取职工奖励及福利基金 Withdrawal staff and workers' bonus and

welfare fund

利润归还投资 Profits capitalizad on return of investment

应付优先股股利 Preferred Stock dividends payable

提取任意盈余公积 Withdrawal other common accumulation fund

应付普通股股利 Common Stock dividends payable

转作资本(或股本)的普通股股利 Common Stock dividends change to

assets(or stock)

未分配利润 Undistributed profit

四、成本类 Cost

生产成本 Cost of manufacture

基本生产成本 Base cost of manufacture

辅助生产成本 Auxiliary cost of manufacture

制造费用 Manufacturing overhead

材料费 Materials

管理人员工资 Executive Salaries

奖金 Wages

退职金 Retirement allowance

补贴 Bonus

外保劳务费 Outsourcing fee

福利费 Employee benefits/welfare

会议费 Coferemce

加班餐费 Special duties

市内交通费 Business traveling

通讯费 Correspondence

电话费 Correspondence

水电取暖费 Water and Steam

税费 Taxes and dues

租赁费 Rent

管理费 Maintenance

车辆维护费 Vehicles maintenance

油料费 Vehicles maintenance

培训费 Education and training

接待费 Entertainment

图书、印刷费 Books and printing

运费 Transpotation

保险费 Insurance premium

支付手续费 Commission

杂费 Sundry charges

折旧费 Depreciation expense

机物料消耗 Article of consumption

劳动保护费 Labor protection fees

季节性停工损失 Loss on seasonality cessation

劳务成本 Service costs

五、损益类 Profit and loss

收入 Income

业务收入 OPERATING INCOME

主营业务收入 Prime operating revenue

产品销售收入 Sales revenue

服务收入 Service revenue

其他业务收入 Other operating revenue

材料销售 Sales materials

代购代售

包装物出租 Wrappage lease

出让资产使用权收入 Remise right of assets revenue

返还所得税 Reimbursement of income tax

其他收入 Other revenue

投资收益 Investment income

短期投资收益 Current investment income

长期投资收益 Long-term investment income

计提的委托贷款减值准备 Withdrawal of entrust loans reserves

补贴收入 Subsidize revenue

国家扶持补贴收入 Subsidize revenue from country

其他补贴收入 Other subsidize revenue

营业外收入 NON-OPERATING INCOME

非货币性交易收益 Non-cash deal income

现金溢余 Cash overage

处置固定资产净收益 Net income on disposal of fixed assets

出售无形资产收益 Income on sales of intangible assets

固定资产盘盈 Fixed assets inventory profit

罚款净收入 Net amercement income

支出 Outlay

业务支出 Revenue charges

主营业务成本 Operating costs

产品销售成本 Cost of goods sold

服务成本 Cost of service

主营业务税金及附加 Tax and associate charge

营业税 Sales tax

消费税 Consumption tax

城市维护建设税 Tax for maintaining and building cities

资源税 Resources tax

土地增值税 Increment tax on land value

5405 其他业务支出 Other business expense

销售其他材料成本 Other cost of material sale

其他劳务成本 Other cost of service

其他业务税金及附加费 Other tax and associate charge

费用 Expenses

营业费用 Operating expenses

代销手续费 Consignment commission charge

运杂费 Transpotation

保险费 Insurance premium

展览费 Exhibition fees

广告费 Advertising fees

管理费用 Adminisstrative expenses

职工工资 Staff Salaries

修理费 Repair charge

低值易耗摊销 Article of consumption

办公费 Office allowance

差旅费 Travelling expense

工会经费 Labour union expenditure

研究与开发费 Research and development expense

福利费 Employee benefits/welfare

职工教育经费 Personnel education

待业保险费 Unemployment insurance

劳动保险费 Labour insurance

医疗保险费 Medical insurance

会议费 Coferemce

聘请中介机构费 Intermediary organs

咨询费 Consult fees

诉讼费 Legal cost

业务招待费 Business entertainment

技术转让费 Technology transfer fees

矿产资源补偿费 Mineral resources compensation fees

排污费 Pollution discharge fees

房产税 Housing property tax

车船使用税 Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT)

土地使用税 Tenure tax

印花税 Stamp tax

财务费用 Finance charge

利息支出 Interest exchange

汇兑损失 Foreign exchange loss

各项手续费 Charge for trouble

各项专门借款费用 Special-borrowing cost

营业外支出 Nonbusiness expenditure

捐赠支出 Donation outlay

减值准备金 Depreciation reserves

非常损失 Extraordinary loss

处理固定资产净损失 Net loss on disposal of fixed assets

出售无形资产损失 Loss on sales of intangible assets

固定资产盘亏 Fixed assets inventory loss

债务重组损失 Loss on arrangement

罚款支出 Amercement outlay

所得税 Income tax

篇3:会计专业英语词汇

词汇学家Mc Cathy曾经说过“不论学生的语法学得多好, 语音多么漂亮, 如果没有足够的词汇来表达他的感情或理解对方的观点和想法, 他就无法用这门语言进行任何有意义的交流。”词汇学习贯穿于整个英语学习的始终, 关系到英语学习的方方面面。然而, 在我国高校的英语教学中, 英语专业的词汇教学还存在缺失和不受重视的情况, 国内各大高校的英语教学中虽然有涉及到词汇学这一学科, 却很少有学校开设词汇学的专门课程, 词汇学往往夹杂在高校基础英语的教学中, 没有专业和专门的教授。

2英语学习中词汇学习的重要性

Stubbs曾说:“人们想到语言的时候, 几乎总是要想到词汇”。而应用语言学家D.A.Wilkins在Linguistics in Language Teaching一书中也突出了英语交际中词汇的重要性, 他认为:“没有语法, 能表达的内容很少;没有词汇, 则什么都表达不了”。本文引用两位词汇语言大家的原话, 来引出词汇学习的重要性。在任何语言中, 词汇都是最核心的, 词汇与具体的概念和意义有着直接的联系, 是具体概念和意义的承载体。如果离开了词汇, 其他一切内容包括词法、句法、语意、短语、结构等等都将不复存在, 变得毫无意义。离开了词汇, 人类各个种族的文化将难以实现沟通和交流, 人类一代一代的文化经典和宝藏将无法传承和发扬光大。

3我国英语教学实践中词汇教学的现状

词汇研究者Coady J&Huckin T.曾经说过:“词汇是语言的中心, 对语言学习者来说是一个至关重要的知识领域, 然而在外语教学领域一直没有得到应有的重视”。我国英语教学实践中的词汇教学一直不受教育工作者和学生的重视, 甚至出现词汇教学缺失的现象。在我国的教育体制中, 学校将熟练掌握英语的听、说、读、写、译这五项基础技能作为英语教学的目标, 而词汇教学只是在其他内容的教授中偶尔有所提及, 并不要求对词汇的内容进行深入的理解和把握。其次, 英语教师和学生大多对英语词汇的认识停留在表面上, 将每个词汇看成是独立、互不联系的个体, 而没有意识到词汇是相互关联、相互影响的。目前高校英语专业的教学中, 词汇的掌握注重的是量的变化, 而并不予以深究。很多英语专业学生扩充词汇量的方法就是拼命地死记硬背。

4 英语专业学生促进词汇学习, 提高词汇发展水平的策略

4.1 在阅读中学习词汇

在阅读中学习词汇可以帮助学生大大提高词汇学习的效率。由于词汇是语篇功能和意义的结合体, 因此, 想要把握语篇的内容, 必须先弄懂词汇的意义和功能。在阅读英语文章时, 我们要善于运用技巧和方法, 借助英语阅读的机会来促进词汇的学习。高校英语专业的学生在阅读英语文章时必定会碰到生词, 这时不能因生词对阅读造成阻碍而放弃阅读, 或者直接借助查阅工具先将单词的意思标注在旁边, 这不但不利于英语词汇的学习, 也阻碍英语阅读和分析能力的发展。正确的做法是在第一遍读文章的时候, 将文章中的生词标注出来。然后再读, 先弄懂整篇文章的大意, 之后根据文章的大意和生词所在句子上下文的句意, 对生词的意思进行猜测。这个过程由于受到文章难度和学生词汇量积累及文章阅读能力的限制和制约, 刚开始的时候, 可能会花很长时间, 随着练习量的增多, 学生的阅读能力的增强, 对生词判断和猜测能力增强, 正确率也会越来越高。阅读中不仅要注意文章中的每个单词, 还要学会将单词串联起来, 理解句子中每个短语、搭配以及句式的意思和功能, 例如, It takes her four hours to walk through the woods.在这个句子中, 学生通过抓住关键词It、takes、to, 判断出这是一个it takes sb.some time to do sth.的固定句式结构, 再根据其他词的语义, 就可以得出句意, 从而把握文章的意义和脉络。有些词汇的理解特别有利于学生掌握文章中每个段落和句子之间的关联, 比如转折关系、递进关系以及总结关系等。例如, while、in fact、as a matter of fact表转折关系;what’s more、in addition表递进关系;as a result、in a word、to sum up、in conclusion表示总结关系。通过这种方式, 学生能够更好地了解文章的写作思路和脉络, 理解文章的中心大意和作者赋予文章的情感。此外, 词汇还能够帮助学生更好地掌握文章的文体特征, 能够识别和分析文章中的“语篇框架语”, 从而把握文章的整体结构, 例如, In this essay, we find that..., firstly..., sceondly..., fi nally..., 这种句型使得文章结构清晰了然。因此, 文章阅读和词汇学习是相通的, 学生们要好好把握这个方法。

4.2 在写作中学习词汇

阅读、写作和词汇是相通的, 三者联系紧密。更为具体地说, 写作是将词汇和从阅读中获取的词汇组织的方式融入到写作训练过程中, 同时通过写作训练, 又可以巩固词汇的认知和使用。学生在阅读中通过对词汇的深入认知和全面掌握, 促进其在英语写作当中对词汇的选择和使用更加精准。而且, 英语专业学生阅读的文章的作者大都是地道的英语使用者, 他们写的文章也都是纯正的英语用语方式。因此, 通过阅读所掌握的英语词汇的使用方法更为地道和纯正, 更接近英语国家使用者的水平。然后, 这种技能和知识通过具体的写作实践得以巩固和复习。由于写作过程中, 学生要重新罗列和组织之前所掌握的词汇的知识, 进行不断地重组, 往往能够顿悟, 加深对每个词汇用法和意义的理解。当无法在脑海中找到自己所要表达意思的词汇时, 学生必须找到具有此种意思的英文表达方式, 并进行分析和查询, 以根据不同的情况选择最佳的词汇。这个过程又是一个学习和使用新词汇的过程, 而且是即学即用, 效果更佳。有些词汇的掌握又可以反过来帮助学生提高写作的流畅性和连贯性。利用一些转折性、并列性以及递进类的短语和词汇能够很好地提升写作的连贯性, 使文章更加通顺, 不至于起伏不定。例如, because、not only...but also、although、on the contray、at the same time、it is no doubt that等词块的使用, 可以使文章结构更加合理, 写作质量更高。有些词汇的掌握也可以反过来提升学生对写作的综合控制能力, 使学生学会从整体上来组织写作内容。例如, 学生在写作时, 用owing to...、it is no doubt that、with the develop of...等引入话题, 用as far as I am concerned、although、meanwhile、in my opinion等过渡到自己的情况, 再用in a word、all in all、in the end等总结, 使结构更加完整, 条理更为清晰, 上下衔接自如, 首尾相互呼应。

5 结语

英语专业学生在英语语言的学习过程中, 一定要充分认识到词汇学习的重要性, 重视英语词汇学习。英语词汇繁如星辰, 而且每个词汇都有很多词性、语义和用法, 其繁杂程度是不言可喻的。面对如此复杂繁多的词汇, 而人脑的记忆力和容量又是有限的, 学生在学习词汇的时候一定要掌握方法和技巧, 避免死记硬背, 才能在英语学习中取得事半功倍的效果。

参考文献

[1]大学英语教学大纲修订工作组.大学英语教学大纲[修订本] (高等学校本科用) [M].上海:上海外语教育出版社;北京:高等教育出版社, 2011.

[2]高等学校外语专业教学指导委员会英语组.高等学校英语教学大纲[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社;上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2014.

[3]文秋芳.英语学习者动机、观念、策略的变化规律与特点[J].外语教学与研究, 2011 (2) .

篇4:英语专业词汇教学

关键词:建构主义

英语 专业词汇 教学方法

面对高职生参差不齐的英语水平,要实现有效的专业英语教学,就离不开合理的理论指导。建构主义告诉我们,知识是学习者在一定的学习情景下,借助他人并利用必要的学习资料,通过意义建构的方式而获得的。将建构主义运用于英语专业词汇教学,有利于提高学生的英语应用能力。

一、课堂教学方法

(一)英语单词的“文化教学”

建构主义认为,学习总是与一定的“情境”相联系的,教师除了通过形式的新颖与手段的灵活来吸引学生之外,还可采用单词的“文化教学”策略。这样既拓宽了学生的知识面,又可帮助学生理解和记忆单词。以汽车英语为例:蝰蛇(Viper)是美国最凶猛的蛇种之一,克莱斯勒汽车公司用一条张着血盆大口的蝰蛇作为车标,预示蝰蛇跑车动力强劲、跑劲十足。

(二)单词的科学记忆

建构主义认为,学习者与周围环境的交互作用,对于学习内容的理解起着关键性的作用。根据学生在基础英语学习阶段接触过的英语构词法,许多专业词汇都可以从普通词汇中找到其渊源。

1.词根与词缀记忆法

掌握好词根和词缀,是提高词汇量的有效途径。大多数专业英语单词是由词根加上前缀或后缀组成的合成词,但常用词的前缀或后缀一般是通用的,如“un-、in-、im-、-ment、-ly”等。而专业词汇的前后缀却是专业性较强的,如“medic-(医治、医学)、ax-(轴)”等。因此,分析单词的结构,记住其词根的意义,便能深刻地理解单词,从而对单词进行科学的记忆。

2.转义联想记忆法

所谓转义联想记忆法就是引导学生找出单词的一般含义与专业含义之间的联系,学生通过联想、想象、比较、引申等方式,达到理解和记忆单词的目的。在从基础英语向专业英语学习的过渡期,学生认为基础英语和专业英语的差异很大。如“fine breeze”会给人微风吹拂的美妙印象,但却指“煤的粉尘”,其实这类专业词汇是由一般词汇转义引申而来。课堂教学中,利用某一个单词,通过联想例举其同义词、反义词、组合关系词、词根词缀相同词等等,极大地丰富了词汇的数量。通过比较学习,学生对专业单词不仅记得快,而且记得多。

3.新生词汇教学

建构主义认为,学习环境是学习者可以在其中进行自由探索和自主学习的场所。高职生在未来的求职中能否有更强的竞争实力,要看他在校期间的知识积累和能力水平。英语是一门活的语言,有了词汇的积累,才会说出具有时代特征的语言。教师可以指导学生利用互联网进行自主化、个性化和多元化学习,如:ringtones(彩铃)、mouse potato(整天坐在电脑前面的电脑迷)。

二、实践教学方法

在建构主义学习环境中,强调学生是认知主体,是意义的主动建构者,并把学生对知识的意义建构作为整个学习过程的最终目的。专业英语教学的最终目的是提高学生的英语应用能力,下列方法值得一试:

(一)利用专业课的教学和实习巩固专业词汇学习

教师要引导学生自主地运用英语,如在现场教学中,要求学生用英语指认各个零部件,必须读懂英文图纸、英文说明书等等。英语教学要取得专业课教师的支持,使专业英语成为学习专业课程的前提,并让专业英语学习延伸到专业课程的教学与实习当中。

(二)留意社会生活,实现“快餐式”学习

“快餐式学习”即谓以尽量短的时间摄取知识、掌握信息。比如,教师通过组织某个专题培训活动,用模拟实践的方式,让学生“现学现卖”或“现卖现学”,达到快速学习的目的。

总之,高职英语教师只有理解建构主义者设计的思路——“在问题解决中学习”,才能帮助学生掌握学习的技巧和科学的学习方法,从而赢得更广阔的生存空间和机遇。

参考文献:

[1]胡卫卫.建构主义理论与当代外语教学[J].安康学院学报,2007,(2).

[2]朱艳华.合作学习策略在高职英语教学中的应用研究[J].职业技术教育,2006,(11).

[3]孙琼.运用合作学习法改进大学英语教学[J].沈阳教育学院学报,2004,(1).

篇5:会计专业外语账目词汇

一、资产类Assets

流动资产Current assets

货币资金Cash and cash equivalents 现金Cash

银行存款Cash in bank

其他货币资金Other cash and cash

equivalents

外埠存款Other city Cash in bank 银行本票Cashier”s cheque 银行汇票Bank draft 信用卡Credit card

信用证保证金L/C Guarantee deposits存出投资款Refundable deposits 短期投资Short-term investments 股票Short-term investmentscorporate

bonds

基金Short-term investmentsother

短期投资跌价准备Short-term investments falling price reserves

应收款Account receivable 应收票据Note receivable

银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance 商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance 应收股利Dividend receivable 应收利息Interest receivable 应收账款Account receivable

其他应收款Other notes receivable 坏账准备Bad debt reserves 预付账款Advance money

应收补贴款Cover deficit by state

subsidies of receivable 库存资产Inventories

物资采购Supplies purchasing 原材料Raw materials 包装物Wrappage

低值易耗品Low-value consumption

goods

材料成本差异Materials cost variance 自制半成品Semi-Finished goods 库存商品Finished goods

商品进销差价Differences between purchasing and selling price

委托加工物资Work in process-outsourced

委托代销商品Trust to and sell the goods on a commission basis

受托代销商品Commissioned and sell the goods on a commission basis

存货跌价准备Inventory falling price reserves

分期收款发出商品Collect money and send out the goods by stages

待摊费用Deferred and prepaid expenses 长期投资Long-term investment

长期股权投资Long-term investment on stocks

股票投资Investment on stocks

其他股权投资Other investment on stocks 长期债权投资Long-term investment on bonds

债券投资Investment on bonds

其他债权投资Other investment on bonds 长期投资减值准备Long-term investments depreciation reserves

股权投资减值准备Stock rights investment depreciation reserves

债权投资减值准备Bcreditor”s rights investment depreciation reserves

委托贷款Entrust loans 本金Principal 利息Interest

减值准备Depreciation reserves 固定资产Fixed assets 房屋Building 建筑物Structure

机器设备Machinery equipment 运输设备Transportation facilities 工具器具Instruments and implement

累计折旧Accumulated depreciation 固定资产减值准备Fixed assets depreciation reserves

房屋、建筑物减值准备Building/structure depreciation reserves

机器设备减值准备Machinery equipment depreciation reserves

工程物资Project goods and material 专用材料Special-purpose material 专用设备Special-purpose equipment 预付大型设备款Prepayments for equipment

为生产准备的工具及器具Preparative instruments and implement for fabricate 在建工程Construction-in-process 安装工程Erection works

在安装设备Erecting equipment-in-process 技术改造工程Technical innovation project 大修理工程General overhaul project 在建工程减值准备Construction-in-process depreciation reserves

固定资产清理Liquidation of fixed assets无形资产Intangible assets 专利权Patents

非专利技术Non-Patents

商标权Trademarks, Trade names 著作权Copyrights 土地使用权Tenure 商誉Goodwill

无形资产减值准备Intangible Assets depreciation reserves

专利权减值准备Patent rights depreciation reserves

商标权减值准备trademark rights depreciation reserves

未确认融资费用Unacknowledged financial charges

待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income

待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income

待处理流动资产损溢Wait deal intangible assets loss or income

待处理固定资产损溢Wait deal fixed assets loss or income

accountant genaral会计主任 account balancde结平的帐户 account bill帐单

account books帐

account classification帐户分类account current往来帐

account form of balance sheet帐户式资产负债表

account form of profit and loss statement帐户式损益表

account payable应付帐款account receivable应收帐款account of payments支出表

account of receipts收入表

account title帐户名称,会计科目

accounting year或financial year会计 accounts payable ledger应付款分类帐Accounting period(会计期间)are related to specific

time periods ,typically one year(通常是一年)

资产负债表:balance sheet可以不大写b 利润表: income statements(or statements of income)

利润分配表:retained earnings 现金流量表:cash flows

二、负债类Liability

短期负债Current liability

短期借款Short-term borrowing 应付票据Notes payable

银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance 商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance 应付账款Account payable 预收账款Deposit received

代销商品款Proxy sale goods revenue 应付工资Accrued wages

应付福利费Accrued welfarism 应付股利Dividends payable 应交税金Tax payable

应交增值税value added tax payable 进项税额Withholdings on VAT 已交税金Paying tax

转出未交增值税Unpaid VAT

changeover

减免税款Tax deduction

销项税额Substituted money on VAT 出口退税Tax reimbursement for export 进项税额转出Changeover withnoldings on VAT

出口抵减内销产品应纳税额Export deduct domestic sales goods tax

转出多交增值税Overpaid VAT changeover

未交增值税Unpaid VAT 应交营业税Business tax payable

应交消费税Consumption tax payable 应交资源税Resources tax payable 应交所得税Income tax payable

应交土地增值税Increment tax on land value payable

应交城市维护建设税Tax for maintaining and building cities payable

应交房产税Housing property tax payable 应交土地使用税Tenure tax payable 应交车船使用税Vehicle and vessel usage

license plate

tax(VVULPT)payable

应交个人所得税Personal income tax

payable

其他应交款Other fund in conformity with paying

其他应付款Other payables

预提费用Drawing expense in advance 其他负债Other liabilities

待转资产价值Pending changerover assets value

预计负债Anticipation liabilities 长期负债Long-term Liabilities 长期借款Long-term loans

一年内到期的长期借款Long-term loans due within one year

一年后到期的长期借款Long-term loans due over one year

应付债券Bonds payable

债券面值Face value, Par value 债券溢价Premium on bonds 债券折价Discount on bonds 应计利息Accrued interest

长期应付款Long-term account payable 应付融资租赁款Accrued financial lease outlay

一年内到期的长期应付Long-term account payable due within one year

一年后到期的长期应付Long-term account payable over one year 专项应付款Special payable

一年内到期的专项应付Long-term special payable due within one year

一年后到期的专项应付Long-term special payable over one year 递延税款Deferral taxes

所有者权益类OWNERS” EQUITY

资本Capita

实收资本(或股本)Paid-up capital(or stock)

实收资本Paicl-up capital 实收股本Paid-up stock

已归还投资Investment Returned 公积

资本公积Capital reserve

资本(或股本)溢价Cpital(or Stock)premium

接受捐赠非现金资产准备Receive non-cash donate reserve

股权投资准备Stock right investment reserves

拨款转入Allocate sums changeover in 外币资本折算差额Foreign currency capital

其他资本公积Other capital reserve 盈余公积Surplus reserves 法定盈余公积Legal surplus

任意盈余公积Free surplus reserves 法定公益金Legal public welfare fund 储备基金Reserve fund

企业发展基金Enterprise expension fund 利润归还投资Profits capitalizad on return of investment 利润Profits

本年利润Current year profits 利润分配Profit distribution

其他转入Other chengeover in

提取法定盈余公积Withdrawal legal surplus

提取法定公益金Withdrawal legal public welfare funds

提取储备基金Withdrawal reserve fund 提取企业发展基金Withdrawal reserve for business expansion

提取职工奖励及福利基金Withdrawal staff and workers” bonus and

welfare fund

利润归还投资Profits capitalizad on return of investment

应付优先股股利Preferred Stock dividends payable

提取任意盈余公积Withdrawal other common accumulation fund

应付普通股股利Common Stock dividends payable

转作资本(或股本)的普通股股利Common Stock dividends change to

assets(or stock)

未分配利润Undistributed profit

四、成本类Cost

生产成本Cost of manufacture 基本生产成本Base cost of manufacture 辅助生产成本Auxiliary cost of manufacture

制造费用Manufacturing overhead 材料费Materials

管理人员工资Executive Salaries 奖金Wages

退职金Retirement allowance 补贴Bonus

外保劳务费Outsourcing fee

福利费Employee benefits/welfare 会议费Coferemce

加班餐费Special duties

市内交通费Business traveling 通讯费Correspondence 电话费Correspondence

水电取暖费Water and Steam 税费Taxes and dues 租赁费Rent

管理费Maintenance

车辆维护费Vehicles maintenance 油料费Vehicles maintenance 培训费Education and training 接待费Entertainment

图书、印刷费Books and printing 运费Transpotation

保险费Insurance premium 支付手续费Commission 杂费Sundry charges

折旧费Depreciation expense

机物料消耗Article of consumption 劳动保护费Labor protection fees

季节性停工损失Loss on seasonality cessation

劳务成本Service costs

五、损益类Profit and loss

收入Income

业务收入OPERATING INCOME 主营业务收入Prime operating revenue 产品销售收入Sales revenue 服务收入Service revenue

其他业务收入Other operating revenue 材料销售Sales materials 代购代售

包装物出租Wrappage lease

出让资产使用权收入Remise right of assets revenue

返还所得税Reimbursement of income tax 其他收入Other revenue 投资收益Investment income

短期投资收益Current investment income 长期投资收益Long-term investment income

计提的委托贷款减值准备Withdrawal of entrust loans reserves 补贴收入Subsidize revenue

国家扶持补贴收入Subsidize revenue from country

其他补贴收入Other subsidize revenue 营业外收入NON-OPERATING INCOME 非货币性交易收益Non-cash deal income 现金溢余Cash overage

处置固定资产净收益Net income on disposal of fixed assets

出售无形资产收益Income on sales of intangible assets

固定资产盘盈Fixed assets inventory profit 罚款净收入Net amercement income 支出Outlay

业务支出Revenue charges 主营业务成本Operating costs 产品销售成本Cost of goods sold 服务成本Cost of service

主营业务税金及附加Tax and associate charge

营业税Sales tax

消费税Consumption tax

城市维护建设税Tax for maintaining and building cities

资源税Resources tax

土地增值税Increment tax on land value 5405其他业务支出Other business

expense

销售其他材料成本Other cost of material sale

其他劳务成本Other cost of service 其他业务税金及附加费Other tax and associate charge 费用Expenses

营业费用Operating expenses

代销手续费Consignment commission charge

运杂费Transpotation

保险费Insurance premium 展览费Exhibition fees 广告费Advertising fees

管理费用Adminisstrative expenses 职工工资Staff Salaries 修理费Repair charge

低值易耗摊销Article of consumption

办公费Office allowance 差旅费Travelling expense

工会经费Labour union expenditure

研究与开发费Research and development expense

福利费Employee benefits/welfare 职工教育经费Personnel education 待业保险费Unemployment insurance 劳动保险费Labour insurance 医疗保险费Medical insurance 会议费Coferemce

聘请中介机构费Intermediary organs 咨询费Consult fees 诉讼费Legal cost

业务招待费Business entertainment 技术转让费Technology transfer fees

矿产资源补偿费Mineral resources compensation fees

排污费Pollution discharge fees 房产税Housing property tax

车船使用税Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT)

土地使用税Tenure tax 印花税Stamp tax

财务费用Finance charge 利息支出Interest exchange 汇兑损失Foreign exchange loss 各项手续费Charge for trouble

各项专门借款费用Special-borrowing cost 营业外支出Nonbusiness expenditure 捐赠支出Donation outlay 减值准备金Depreciation reserves 非常损失Extraordinary loss

处理固定资产净损失Net loss on disposal of fixed assets

出售无形资产损失Loss on sales of intangible assets

固定资产盘亏Fixed assets inventory loss 债务重组损失Loss on arrangement

篇6:汽车专业英语词汇

图例 legend

工位 station

吊运装置 overhead hoist

更衣室 restroom

1号厂房工艺布置方案图 proposal of the plant i layout

合笼 mate

底盘平移台 chassis shuttle

车辆转移台 bus transfer

前围角板 front wall angle cover

后围侧板 rear wall side cover

保险杠 bumper

三类底盘 three type chassis

左侧围应力蒙皮 r/s stretching skin (road side)

中涂 floating coat

拼装台 collector

切割轮口 wheel -arch cutting

内饰 trim

线束 harness

返工 re-doing

轮罩护板 wheel house

发车前准备 pre-delivery

举升 hoist

小批量产品 be pilot

2 套 two kits

配电站 power transformer substation

裙板 skirt

发动机托架 engine holding frame

诊断报警系统 diagnosis and alarming system

互换性 interchangeability

缩微图纸 microfiche files

总装 final assembly

磷化 phosphating

仪表板 dash board

切齐 trimming

结构完整性 structure integrity

自动愈合的防腐材料 self-healing corrosion preventative material

长途客车 inter-city bus

改装厂 refitting factory

遮阳板 sun visor

随车工具 tool box

钢化玻璃 toughened grass

异形钢管 special steel pipe

全天候空调系统 full range a/c

强制通风 ram-air ventilation

停机时间 downtime

无公害柴油 clean diesel

宽敞悬臂式座椅 roomy cantilevered seat

防滑地板 no-skid floor

织物纹里铝合金 textured aluminum extrution

爬坡能力 grade ability

排水阀 drain valve

除湿器 moisture ejector

怠速时 at idle

琴式驱动桥 banjo type drive axle

通风口 duct

恒温控制 thermostatic control

平衡水箱 surge tank

变光开关 simmer switch

消音器 muffler

防破坏 vandal resistant

聚碳化透镜 poly-carbonate len

镀锌板 galvanized plate

搭接 lap

亮丽的外表 smart apperance

隐藏式固定 concealed fastening

水洼 ponding

发动机中置式客车 bus with under floor engine

组合式客车车身 modular bus body

薄壳式结构 shell construction

衬垫 pad

空气导流板 air deflector

搁梁 shelf beam

腰梁 waist rail

梭梁 stabilizing beam

腰带式安全带 diagonal safety belt

压条 trim strip

嵌条 insertion strip

翼板 fender

斜撑 bracing piece

转向盘回正性试验 test of steering wheel returnability

转向盘转角脉冲试验 steering wheel impulse input test

转向盘转角阶跃输入试验 steering wheel step input or transient state yaw response test

极限侧向加速度试验 limiting lateral acceleration test

汽车平顺性随机输入行驶试验 automobile ride random input running test

汽车平顺性单脉冲输入行驶试验 automobile ride single pulse input running test

汽车悬挂系统固有频率与阻尼比的测定试验 measurement of natural frequency and damping raito of suspension

功率突然变化影响试验 test of effect of sudden power change

收油门后控制试验 test of control at breakway

横风稳定性试验 test of crosswind stability

反冲试验 kick-back test

轮胎爆破响应时间试验 test of burst response of tyre

绕过障碍物试验 obstacle avoidance test

移线试验 lane change test

j型转弯试验 test of j turn

频率响应时间试验 frequency response test

瞬态响应时间试验 transient response test

阶路响应时间试验 step response test

脉冲响应试验 pulse response test

静态操舵力试验 static steering effort test

悬架举升试验 jack-up test of suspension

耐翻倾试验 test of overturning immunity

轮辋错动试验 rim slip test

风洞试验 wind tunnel test

制动稳定性试验 test of braking stability

最小转弯直径试验 minimum turning diameter test

操舵力试验 steering effort test

类型 type

发动机 engine

内燃机 intenal combusiton engine

动力机装置 power unit

汽油机 gasoline engine

汽油喷射式汽油机 gasoline-injection engine

火花点火式发动机 spark ignition engine

压燃式发动机 compression ignition engine

往复式内燃机 reciprocating internal combustion engine

化油器式发动机 carburetor engine

柴油机 diesel engine

转子发动机 rotary engine

旋轮线转子发动机 rotary trochoidal engine

二冲程发动机 two-stroke engine

四冲程发动机 four-stroke engine

直接喷射式柴油机 direct injection engine

间接喷射式柴油机 indirect injection engine

增压式发动机 supercharged engine

风冷式发动机 air-cooled engine

油冷式发动机 oil-cooled engine

水冷式发动机 water-cooled engine

自然进气式发动机 naturally aspirated engine

煤气机 gas engine

液化石油气发动机 liquified petroleum gas engine

柴油煤气机 diesel gas engine

多种燃料发动机 multifuel engine

石油发动机 hydrocarbon engine

双燃料发动机 duel fuel engine

热球式发动机 hot bulb engine

多气缸发动机 multiple cylinder engine

对置活塞发动机 opposed piston engine

对置气缸式发动机 opposed-cylinder engine

十字头型发动机 cross head engine

直列式发动机 in-line engine

星型发动机 radial engine

筒状活塞发动机 trunk-piston engine

斯特林发动机 stirling engine

套阀式发动机 knight engine

气孔扫气式发动机 port-scavenged engine

倾斜式发动机 slant engine

前置式发动机 front-engine

后置式发动机 rear-engine

中置式发动机 central engine

左侧发动机 left-hand engine

右侧发动机 right-hand engine

短冲程发动机 oversquare engine

长冲程发动机 undersquare engine

等径程发动机 square engine

顶置凸轮轴发动机 overhead camshaft engine

双顶置凸轮轴发动机 dual overhead camshaft engine

v形发动机 v-engine

顶置气门发动机 valve in-head engine

侧置气门发动机 side valve engine

无气门发动机 valveless engine

多气门发动机 multi-valve engine

卧式发动机 horizontal engine

斜置式发动机 inclined engine

立式发动机 vertical engine

w形发动机 w-engine

i形发动机 i-engine

l形发动机 l-engine

f形发动机 f-engine

性能 performance

二冲程循环 two-stroke cycle

四冲程循环 four-stroke cycle

狄塞尔循环 diesel cycle

奥托循环 otto cycle

混合循环 mixed cycle

定容循环 constant volume cycle

工作循环 working cycle

等压循环 constant pressure cycle

理想循环 ideal cycle

热力循环 thermodynamic cycle

冲程 stroke

活塞行程 piston stroke

长行程 long stroke

上行程 up stroke

下行程 down stroke

进气行程 intake stroke

充气行程 charging stroke

压缩行程 compression stroke

爆炸行程 explosion stroke

膨胀行程 expansion stroke

动力行程 power stroke

排气行程 exhaust stroke

膨胀换气行程 expansion-exchange stroke

换气压缩行程 exchange-compression stroke

止点 dead center

上止点 top dead center(upper dead center)

下止点 lower dead center(bottom dead center)

上止点前 budc(before upper dead center)

上止点后 atdc(after top dead cetner)

下止点前 bbdc(before bottom dead center)

下止点后 abdc(after bottom dead center)

缸径 cylinder bore

缸径与行程 bore and stroke

空气室 energy chamber

气缸余隙容积 cylinder clearance volume

燃烧室容积 combustion chamber volume

气缸最大容积 maximum cylinder volume

压缩室 compression chamber

排气量 displacement

发动机排量 engine displacement

活塞排量 piston swept volume

气缸容量 cylinder capacity

单室容量 single-chamber capacity

容积法 volumetry

压缩比 compression ratio

临界压缩比 critical compression ratio

膨胀比 expansion ratio

面容比 surface to volume ratio

行程缸径比 stroke-bore ratio

混合比 mixture ratio

压缩压力 compression pressure

制动平均有效压力 brake mean effective pressure(bmep)

空燃比 air fuel ratio

燃空比 fuel air ratio

燃料当量比 fuel equivalence ratio

扭矩 torque

单缸功率 power per cylinder

升功率 power per liter

升扭矩 torque per liter

升质量 mass per liter

减额功率 derating power

输出马力 shaft horsepower

马力小时,马力时 horsepower-hour

总马力 gross horse power

总功率 gross power

净功率 net power

燃油消耗量 fuel consumption

比燃料消耗率 specific fuel consumption

空气消耗率 air consumption

机油消耗量 oil consumption

有效马力 net horse power

额定马力 rated horse power

马力重量系数 horsepower-weight factor

制动功率 brake horse power

制动热效率 brake thermal efficiency

总效率 overall efficiency

排烟极限功率 smoke limiting horsepower

功率曲线 power curve

机械损失 mechanical loss

机械效率 mechanical efficiency

有效热效率 effective thermal efficiency

充气系数 volumetric efficiency

过量空气系数 coefficient of excess air

适应性系数 adaptive coefficient

扭矩适应性系数 coefficient of torque adaptibility

转速适应性系数 speed adaptive coefficient

强化系数 coefficient of intensification

校正系数 correction factor

换算系数 conversion factor

活塞平均速度 mean piston speed

发动机转速 engine speed (rotational frequency)

怠速转速 idling speed

经济转速 economic speed

起动转速 starting speed

最低稳定工作转速 lowest continuous speed with load

最大扭矩转速 speed at maximum torque

最高空转转速 maximum no load governed speed

调速 speed governing

超速 overspeed

怠速 idling

转速波动率 speed fluctuation rate

工况 working condition(operating mode)

额定工况 declared working condition

变工况 variable working condition

稳定工况 steady working condition

空载 no-load

全负荷 full load

超负荷 overload

部分负荷 part load

充量(进气)charge

旋转方向 direction of rotation

顺时针 clockwise

逆时针 counter-clockwise

左转 left-hand rotation

右转 right-hand rotation

外径 major diameter

中径 pitch diameter

内径 minor diameter

径向间隙 radial clearance

发动机性能 engine performance

加载性能 loading performance

起动性能 starting performance

加速性能 acceleration performance

动力性能 power performance

排放性能 emission performance

空转特性 no load characteristics

负荷特性 part throttle characteristics

调速特性 governor control characteristics

万有特性 mapping characteristics

稳定调速率 steady state speed governing rate

气缸体和气缸盖 cylinder block and head

气缸体 cylinder block

整体铸造 cast inblock (cast enblock)

发动机罩 engine bonnet

气缸体加强筋 engine block stiffening rib

气缸 cylinder

(转子机)缸体 stator

缸径 cylinder bore

气缸体机架 cylinder block frame

气缸盖 cylinder head

配气机构箱 valve mechanism casing

气缸体隔片 cylinder spacer

气缸盖密封环 cylinder head ring gasket

气缸盖垫片 cylinder head gasket

气缸套 cylinder liner(cylinder sleeve)

干式缸套 dry cylinder liner

湿式缸套 wet cylinder liner

气缸水套 water jacket

膨胀塞 expansion plug

防冻塞 freeze plug

气缸壁 cylinder wall

环脊 ring ridge

排气口 exhaust port

中间隔板 intermediate bottum

导板 guideway

创成半径(转子机)generating radius

缸体宽度(转子机)operating width

机柱 column

燃烧室 combustion chamber

主燃烧室 main combustion chamber

副燃烧室 subsidiary combustion chamber

预燃室 prechamber

涡流燃烧室 swirl combustion chamber

分开式燃烧室 divided combustion chamber

涡流式燃烧室 turbulence combustion chamber

半球形燃烧室 hemispherical combustion chamber

浴盆形燃烧室 bathtub section combustion chamber

l形燃烧室 l-combustion chamber

楔形燃烧室 wedge-section combustion chamber

开式燃烧室 open combustion chamber

封闭喷射室 closed spray chamber

活塞顶内燃烧室 piston chamber

爆发室 explosion chamber

燃烧室容积比 volume ratio of combustion cahmber

燃烧室口径比 surface-volume ratio of combustion chamber

通道面积比 area ratio of combustion chamber passage

曲轴箱通气口 crankcase breather

凸轮轴轴承座 camshaft bearing bush seat

定时齿轮室罩 camshaft drive(gear)cover

曲轴箱检查孔盖 crankcase door

曲轴箱防爆门 crankcase explosion proof door

主轴承盖 main bearing cap

气缸盖罩 valve mechanism cover

飞轮壳 flywheel cover

扫气储器 scavenging air receiver

活塞 piston

裙部开槽活塞 split skirt piston

u形槽活塞 u-slot piston

滚花修复活塞 knurled piston

圆顶活塞 dome head piston

平顶活塞 flat head piston

凸顶活塞 crown head piston(convex head piston)

凹顶活塞 concave head piston

阶梯顶活塞 step-head piston

筒形活塞 trunk piston

椭圆形活塞 oval piston

抗热变形活塞 autothermic piston

不变间隙活塞 constant clearance piston

镶因瓦钢片活塞 invar strut piston

直接冷却式活塞 direct-cooled piston

间接冷却式活塞 indirect cooled piston

滑裙活塞 slipper piston

活塞速度 piston speed

活塞顶部 piston head

活塞裙部 piston skirt

整体活塞裙 solid skirt

活塞裙扩大衬簧 piston skirt expander

滑履式活塞裙 slipper skirt

隔热槽 heat dam

活塞标记 piston mark

活塞销 piston pin

活塞销孔 piston pin boss

活塞销衬套 piston pin bushing

全浮式活塞销 full-floating piston pin

半浮式活塞销 semifloating piston pin

固定螺钉式活塞销 set screw piston pin

活塞环 piston ring

组合式活塞环 compound piston ring

同心活塞环 concentric piston ring

偏心活塞环 eccentric piston ring

自由环 free ring

闭合环 closed ring

梯形环 keystone ring

半梯形环 half keystone ring

矩形环 rectangular ring

油环 oil control ring

开槽油环 slotted oil control ring

螺旋弹簧加载双坡口油环 coil spring loaded slotted oil control ring

涨环 expander

双坡口油环 double bevelled oil control ring

内上坡口 internal bevel top

内下坡口 internal bevel bottom

边缘坡口油环 bevelled-ege oil control ring

刮油环 scrapper ring

钩形环 napier ring

镀铬活塞环 chrome plated piston ring

活塞衬环 piston ring expander

活塞环槽 piston ring groove

活塞环区 ring zone

活塞环岸 piston ring land

活塞环内表面 back of ring

曲柄连杆机构 connecting rod

中心曲柄连杆机构 central-located connecting rod

偏心曲柄连杆机构 offset connecting rod

铰接曲柄边杆机构 hinged connecting rod

连杆 connecting rod

连杆小头 connecting rod small end

连杆大头 connnecting rod big end

连杆杆身 connecting rod shank

副连杆 slave connecting rod

叉形连杆 fork-and-blade connecting rod

主连杆 main connecting rod

方形连杆 boxed rod

绞链式连杆 hinged type connecting rod

活节式连杆 articulated connecting rod

连杆盖 connecting rod cap

连杆轴承 connecting rod bearing

曲轴 crankshaft

整体式曲轴 one-piece crankshaft

组合式曲轴 assembled crankshaft

右侧曲轴 right-hand crankshaft

左侧曲轴 left-hand crankshaft

改变行程的曲轴 stroked crankshaft

曲轴前端 crankshaft front end

曲轴主轴颈 crankshaft main journal

轴颈重叠度 shaft journal overlap

圆角 fillet

主轴承 main bearing

曲轴止推轴承 crankshaft thrust bearing

薄臂轴瓦 thin wall bearing shell

曲轴油道 crankshaft oil passage

曲柄 crank

曲柄臂 crank arm

曲柄销 crank pin

轴套 bush

曲柄转角 crank angle

曲柄半径 crank radius

抛油圈 oil slander

角度轮 degree wheel

动平衡机 dynamic balancer

平衡重 balancer weight

扭振减振器 torshional vibration damper

扭振平衡器 torsion balancer

谐振平衡器 harmonic balancer

振动平衡器 vibration balancer

曲轴链轮 crankshaft sprocket

转子轴颈 rotor journal

偏心轴 eccentric shaft

曲轴箱 crankcase

闭式曲轴箱通风装置 closed-crankcase ventilating system

飞轮 flywheel

飞轮齿圈 flywheel ring gear

飞轮芯棒 cantilever

飞轮芯轴 flywheel spindle

飞轮的惯量矩 flywheel moment of inertia

飞轮标记 flywheel mark

当量系统 equivalent system

当量轴长 equivalent shaft length

一级往复惯性力 reciprocating inertia force,1st order

二级往复贯性力 reciprocating inertia force, 2nd order

离心惯性力 centrifugal inertia force

配气机构 valve gear

凸轮轴 camshaft

凸轮 cam

整体式凸轮轴 one-piece camshaft

组合式凸轮轴 assembled camshaft

凸轮轴驱动机构 camshaft drive

赛车用凸轮轴 race camshaft

凸轮轴轴颈 camshaft bearing journal

凸轮轴轴承 camshaft bearing

凸轮轴偏心轮 camshaft eccentric

凸轮轴链轮 camshaft sprocket

凸轮轴正时齿轮 camshaft timing gear

凸轮轴齿轮 camshaft gear wheel

进口凸轮 inlet cam

排气凸轮 exhaust cam

快升凸轮 quick lift cam

快升缓降凸轮 quick lift gradual clsing cam

凸轮轮廓 cam contour

凸轮包角 cam angle

凸轮升程 cam-lobe lift

凸轮尖 cam nose

凸轮从动件 cam follower

齿轮传动机构 gear drive

正时齿轮 timing gear

链传动机构 chain drive

链轮 sprocket wheel

链轮盘 chain sprocket

正时链条 timing chain

带齿皮带 toothed timing belt

链条张紧轮 chain tension gear

半速齿轮 half speed gear

正时齿轮刻印记号 timing gear punch mark

气门 valve

进气过程 intake process

换气过程 gas exchange process

扫气过程 scavenging process

给气比 delivery ratio

分层充气 stratified charge

充量系数 volumetric efficiency

涡流比 swirl rate

进气涡流 intake swirl

螺旋进气道进气 helical duct intake

导流屏式气门进气 masked valve intake

切向进气道进气 tangential duct intake

进气紊流 intake trubulence

进气提前角 intake advance angle

进气持续角 intake duration angle

进气迟后角 intake lag angle

进面值 time-area value

气门升程 valve lift

气门正时 valve timing

扫气口面积 scavenging port area

菌形气门 mashroom valve, poppet valve

钠冷却气门 sodium filled valve(natrium cooled valve)

双气门 dual valve

进气门 intake valve (suction valve,inlet valve)

排气门 exhaust valve

顶置气门 overhead valve

侧置气门 side valve

倾斜气门 inclined overhead valve

直立气门 vertical overhead valve

套筒式滑阀 sleeve valve

气门机构 valve gear

直接式气门驱动机构 direct valve gear

间接式气门驱动机构 indirect valve gear

气门杆 valve stem

加大气门杆 oversize valve stem

气门头 valve head

气门工作面 valve face

气门边限 valve margin

气门弹簧座 valve-spring retainer

气门锁片 valve key

气门间隙调节螺钉 valve lash adjusting screw

气门旋转器 valve rotator

气门室 valve cage

气门油封 valve oil seal

气门口 valve port

气门座 valve seat

气门座镶圈(嵌镶式气门座圈) valve seat insert(valve seat ring)

气门座锥角 valve seat angle

气门座宽度 valve seat width

气门挺杆 valve tappet(valve lifter)

液力挺杆 hydraulic tappet(lifter)

无间隙挺杆 zero-rush tappet (non-clearance tappet)

筒形挺杆 barrel type tappet

油压挺杆 ooil tappet

滚轮挺杆 roller tappet(lifter)

挺杆转位 tappet rotation

排气门挺杆 exhaust valve lifter

气门导管 valve guide

气门杆导管 stem guide

气门重叠度 stem overlap

气门开启持续时间 valve duration

气门正时标记 valve timing sign

气门弹簧 valve spring

气门内弹簧 inner valve spring

气门外弹簧 outer valve spring

刚性缓冲弹簧 stiff buffer spring

上紧弹簧 energizing spring

防振气门弹簧 non-surging spring

弹簧座圈 spring retainer

蝶形弹簧 belleville spring

滚柱 roller

气门室盖 valve chamber cover

摇臂 rocker arm

高升程摇臂 high lift rocker arm

摇臂轴 rocker arm shaft

推杆 push-rod

摇臂支架 rocker arm bracket

气门摇臂室罩 valve rocker chamber cover

导向轮 guide wheel

导杆 slide bar

导轨 slide rail

张紧轮 tensioning wheel

链条张紧调节装置 assembly chain tension adjuster

张紧带轮 tensioning pulley

传动带张紧装置 belt tensioner

同步驱动皮带 synchronous belt

同步驱动皮轮 synchronous belt pulley

供油系 fuel system

控制燃烧系统 controlled combustion system

反湿气装置 antipercolator

电子燃油喷射 electronic fuel injection

蒸气回收装置 vapor recovery system

燃油蒸气回收系统 fuel vapor recovery system

液体回收装置 liquid withdrawal system

恒量净化管 constant purge line

碳罐净化管 canister purge line

供油量 fuel delivery

循环供油量 fuel delivery per cycle

额定供油量 rated fuel delivery

怠速供油量 idling speed fuel delivery

供油规律 fuel supply rate curve

油量调节装置 fuel control unit

供油提前角 fuel supply advance angle

进油计量 inlet metering

几何供油行程 geometric fuel delivery stroke

供油率 fuel supply rate

燃油通道 fuel gallery

有效行程 effective stroke

剩余行程 remainder stroke

变行程计量 variable stroke metering

等容卸载 constant volume unloading

变容卸载 variable volume unloading

收缩容积 retraction volume

燃油喷油装置 fuel injection equipment

燃油喷射泵 fuel injection pump

滚轮式燃油喷射泵 roll fuel injection pump

凸轮轴式燃油喷射泵 camshaft fuel injection pump

直列式燃油喷射泵 in-line fuel injection pump

伺服式燃油喷射泵 servo fuel injection pump

底部突缘安装燃油喷射泵 base flanged mounted fuel injection pump

上部安装燃油喷射泵 high flanged-mounted fuel injection pump

侧向安装燃油喷射泵 side-mounted fuel injection pump

端部突缘安装式燃油喷射泵 end flange-mounted fuel injection pump

v形燃油喷射泵 vee fuel injection pump

脉动式燃油喷射泵 jerk fuel injection pump

螺纹安装燃油喷射泵 screw-mounted fuel injection pump

蓄能式燃油喷射泵 accumulator fuel injection pump

往复式燃油喷射泵 reciprocating fuel injection pump

驱动轴式燃油喷射泵 driveshaft fuel injection pump

单缸式燃油喷射泵 single cylinder fuel injection pump

圆柱式燃油喷射泵 cylindrical fuel injection pump

旋转式燃油喷射泵 rotary fuel injection pump

分配式燃油喷射泵 distributor fuel injection pump

多缸燃油喷射泵 multicylinder fuel injection pump

框架安装式燃油喷射泵 cradle mounted injection pump

喷油始点 fuel injection beginning

喷油终点 fuel injection end

喷油持续角 fuel injection duration angle

喷油延迟 injection delay

引燃喷射 pilot injection

启喷压力 injection starting pressure

峰值喷油扭矩 peak injection torque

峰值喷油压力 peak injection pressure

喷油泵油缸数目 number of cylinders of an injection pump

无气喷射 solid injection

喷射正时 injection timing

集中喷射 group injection

喷油器 injector

整体式喷油器 unit injector

喷嘴 nozzle

轴针式喷嘴 pintle type nozzle

环槽式喷嘴 annular slot nozzle

孔式喷嘴 hole type nozzle

长杆喷嘴 long stem nozzle

孔板式喷嘴 orifice plate nozzle

开式喷嘴 open nozzle

闭式喷嘴 closed nozzle

喷油提前器 timing advance unit

喷射泵壳体 injection pump housing

针阀 needle

芯轴 central spindle

喷嘴壳体 nozzle body

针阀升程 needle lift

喷嘴盖形螺母 nozzle cap nut

喷油器壳体 nozzle holder

突缘安装喷油器壳体 flanged-mounted injection nozzle holder

燃油喷射泵传动装置 transmision of an injection pump

喷嘴锥体 nozzle hole cone

柱塞 plunger

柱塞套 barrel

柱塞行程 plunger stroke

喷孔 spray orifice

海拔控制器 altitude control

提前器飞锤 flyweight

喷孔长径比 ratio of nozzle hole length nozzle diameter

喷嘴液动力特性 nozzle hydrokinetic characteristics

动态相位 dynamic phase

喷孔面积 nozzle hole area

喷嘴流通特性 nozzle flow characteristic

喷油背压 injection back pressure

高压油管 high pressure pipe

平均喷油扭矩 mean injection torque

喷油总效率 overall pumping efficiency

峰值喷油压力 injection peak pressure

预行程 prestroke

收缩行程 retraction stroke

燃油箱 fuel tank

油箱盖 fuel tank

油位表 fuel level gauge

注油控制装置 fill control system

汽油箱 gasoline tank( petrol tank)

汽油供给管 gasoline feed pipe

加油管 filler tube

放油螺塞 drain plug

吸油管 suction pipe

刚性燃油管 rigid fuel pipe

进油孔 fuel feed hole

供油管 supply pipe

通气管 bleeding pipe

通气管 bleeding pipe

泄油阀 spill valve

泄油孔口 spill port

进油阀 inlet valve

最大油量限制器 maximum fuel stop

滴油 dribble

燃油表 fuel gauge

输油泵 feed pump

燃油泵 fuel pump

附装燃油箱中的电动燃油泵 tank-mounted eletric fuel pump

机械式燃油泵 mechanical fuel pump

膜片式燃油泵 diaphragm fuel supply pump

叶片式供油泵 vane fuel supply pump

活塞式输油泵 piston type fuel supply pump

齿轮式输油泵 gear fuel supply pump

电动燃油泵 eletric fuel pump

带真空泵的汽油泵 vacuum pump with fuel pump

起动加油器 primer

起动给油杆 primer lever

燃油泵上体 fuel pump body

燃油泵下体 fuel pump base

燃油泵盖 bowl cover

进油口接头 fuel inlet neck

出油口接头 fuel discharge port

输出阀 delivery valve

泵油元件 pump element

回油阀部件 fuel return valve assembly

化油器 carburetor

化油器系统 carburetor circuit

简单化油器 elementary carburetor

单腔化油器 single-barrel carburetor

双腔并动化油器 two-barrel dual carburetor

双腔分动化油器 two-barrel duplex carburetor

四腔化油器 four-barrel carburetor

上吸式化油器 updaught carburetor

下吸式化油器 downdraught carburetor

平吸式化油器 horizontal carburetor

侧吸式化油器 side-draft-carburetor

高海拔补偿式化油器 altitude compensating carburetor

化油器附加器 adaptor carburetor

双腔式化油器 twin-choke carburetor

固定喉管式化油器 fixed venturi carburetor

可变喉管化油器 variable venturi carburetor

化油器接头 carburetor adaptor

阻风门 choke valve

阻风活塞 choke piston

阻风板 choke plate

自动阻风门 automatic choke

阻风门拉钮 choke button

电控自动阻风门 electric-assisted choke

阻风管 choke tube

喉管 venturi

双重或三重喉管 double & triple venturi

阻风门拉线 choke cable

化油器小喉管 booster venturi

浮子系 float system

浮子 float

环形浮子 annular float

同心式浮子 concentric float

浮子支销 float hinge pin

浮子针阀 float needle valve

阀针 valve needle

浮子油面 float level

浮子臂 float arm

侧置浮子室式 side float type

怠速阀 idle valve

怠速针阀 idle needle

省油器 economizer

省油器阀 economizer valve

辅助空气阀 auxiliary air-valve

加速油井 accelerating well

加速泵 accelerating pump

加速泵喷嘴 accelerating pump nozzle

油门 throttle

手油门 hand throttle

节气门操纵手柄 throttle control lever

真空加浓器 vacuum booster

加浓器 excess fuel device

量孔体 jet block

怠速量孔 idle metering jet

主量孔 main metering jet

剂量阀活塞 dosage valve piston

空气量孔 air jet

燃油滤清器 fuel filter

沉淀杯 sediment bowl

串联过滤器 in-line filter

燃油箱内装过滤器 in-tank filter

调速器 governor

飞球式调速器 flyball governor

调速器 governor

飞球式调速器 flyball governor

液压调速器 hydraulic governor

真空转速调速器 vacuum speed governor

惯性调速器 inertia governor

离心调速器 centrifugal governor

调速器重锤 governor weight

空气滤清器及进排气系统 air cleaner and intake and exhaust sytem

空气滤清器 air filter

冲压式空气滤清器 ram air clearner

恒温控制式空气滤清器 thermostatic controlled air cleaner

油浴式空气滤清器 oil bath air cleaner

纸质空气滤 清器 paper air clearner

旋流管式空气滤清器 swirl tube air filter

滤清器滤芯 filter element

空气滤清器壳体 air filter housing

空气滤清器盖 air filter cover

滤清器密封圈 filter seal ring

滤网 sieve

滤纸盘或膜 filter paper disc or membrane

进气和排气系统 intake and exhaust system

排气管 exhaust pipe

排气抽气管 exhaust extraction duct

扫气泵 scavenging pump

进气预热装置 intake preheater

进气歧管 intake manifold

进气歧管真空度 intake manifold vacuum

冷式进气歧管 cold manifold

冲压式进气歧管 ram intake manifold

排气歧管 exhaust manifold

脉冲式排气歧管 pulse exhaust manifold

等压排气歧管 constant pressrue exhaust manifold

排气歧管热量控制阀 exhaust manifold heat control valve

超高度歧管 high-rise manifold

升温横跨管道 heat crossover

排气横跨管道 exhaust crossover

预热点 hot spot

阻风门加热器 choke heater

热空气导流管 hot air duct

隔热板 heat shield

排气再循环阀 exhaust -gas-recirculation

消声器 silencer

进气消声器 intake silencer

排气消声器 exhaust silencer

金属垫片式消声器 steel pack muffler

玻璃丝消声器 glass pack muffler

空洞消声器 gutted muffler

前排气管 front exhaust pipe

尾管 tail pipe

消声器联接管 intermediate pipe

热空气管 hot air pipe

曲轴箱通风管 crankcase bleed pipe

隔声罩 acoustic hood

进气消声器元件 silencer element

真空泵 vacuum pump

指示功率 indicated power

指示热效率 indicated thermal efficiency

指示油耗率 indicated specific energy consumption

示功图 indicator diagram

冷却系 cooling system

风冷 air cooling

水冷 water-cooling

循环流冷却系 cooling recovery system

自然循环液冷却系统 natural circulation type cooling system

热流循环液冷却系统 thermo-siphon circulation type cooling system

温差循环液冷却系统 gravity circulation water cooling system

压力式水冷却系统 positive circulation cooling system

加压式冷却法 pressure type cooling

水泵循环冷却系统 pump circulation cooling system

强制循环式化冷系统 forced-feed water circulation system

封闭式液冷系统 sealed cooling system

散热器 radiator

片式散热器 finned radiator

管式散热器 tubular radiator

蜂窝式散热器 cellular radiator

哈里逊式散热器 harrison type radiator

带板式散热器 ribbon type radiator

上水箱 upper tank

下水箱 lower tank

涨溢箱 expansion tank

散热器芯 radiator core

之字形管散热器芯 film core

管-片式散热器芯 fin and tube core

散热器加水口盖 radiator filter cap

压力式水箱盖 radiator-pressure cap

蒸气-空气泄放阀 vapor-air release valve

散热器护罩 radiator cowl

散热器百叶窗 radiator shutter

散热器保温帘 radiator roller blind

散热片 cooling fin

缸盖散热片 cylinder head fin

缸体散热片 cylinder block fin

控温装置 temperature regulating device

恒温器 thermostat

恒温器主阀 thermostat main valve

恒温器旁通阀 thermostat by-pass valve

恒温器挠性波纹筒 thermostat flexible bellows

液体冷却设备 liquid cooling equipment

水泵 water pump

水泵体 pump casing

水泵叶轮 water pump impeller

旁通进水口 water by-pass inlet neck

循环泵 circulating pump

主进水口 water main inlet port

出水口 water outlet port

自调式水封 self-adjusting seal unit

溢流管 overflow pipe

导流板 deflector

风扇 fan(blower)

轴流式风扇 axial flow fan

离心式风扇 centrifugal fan

风扇壳体 blower casing

风扇导流罩 fan cowl

风扇毂 fan hub

风扇叶片 fan blade

风扇叶轮 blower impeller

风扇导流定子 blower stator

风扇皮带轮 fan pulley

三角皮带 v-belt

风扇护罩 fan shroud

风扇叶轮叶片 impeller vane

冷却用空气 cooling air

风扇导流叶片 stator vane

强制风冷 forced-air cooling

自然风冷 natural air cooling

风道 air ducting

润滑系 lubrication system

润滑 lubrication

气缸上部润滑 upper cylinder lubrication

压力润滑 pressure-feed lubrication

压力润滑法 forced lubrication

自动润滑 automatic lubrication

飞溅润滑 splash lubrication

润滑周期 lubrication interval

边界润滑 borderline lubrication

曲轴箱机油油盘 crankcase oil pan

油底壳 oil pan

机油盘放油塞 sump plug

集油器 oil collector

机油泵 oil pump

计量式机油泵 metering oil pump

齿轮式机油泵 gear type oil pump

转子式机油泵 rotor-type oil pump

机油泵出油管 oil pump outlet pipe

放油口 oil drain hole

油道 oil duct

断油开关 cut-off cock

机油散热器 oil cooler

机油滤清器 oil filter

机油粗滤器 primary oil filter

机油精滤器 secondary oil filter

全流式机油滤清器 full-flow oil filter

分流式机油滤清器 by-pass oil filter

离心式机油滤清器 centrifugal oil filter

整体式滤芯 integral filtering element

细滤器滤芯 filter element

滤清器壳 filter box

滤片 filtering disc

机油减压器 oil pressure relief valve

旁通阀 by-pass oil filter

机油滤网 oil strainer

加机油孔 oil filter cap

滤芯轴 filter shaft

刮片组件 cleaning edge

机油量尺 dipstick

机油滤网 oil strainer

增压器 supercharger

增压和扫气装置 pressure-charging and scavenging unit

增压装置 supercharging device

涡轮增压器 turbo-charger

气波增压器 comprex pressure wave supercharger

增压器阻风阀 supercharger blast gate

增压器调节容气量的旁通阀 supercharger control bypass

增压器叶轮 supercharger impeller

惯性增压 inertia supercharging

机械增压 mechanical supercharging

涡轮增压 turbo-charging

增压比 supercharge ratio

增压压力 boost pressure

增压中冷 inter-cooling

中冷度 inter-cooling level

增压度 supercharging level

喘振 surge

喘振线 surge line

轴流式涡轮 axial-flow turbine

脉冲进气 ram charging

发动机试验 engine test

发动机试验规程 engine test procedure

发动机技术要求 engine technical requirements

标准大气状况 standard atmospheric conditions

大气压力 atmospheric pressure

进气温度 inlet air temperature

进气温度 inlet air temperature

功率校正 power correction

功率标定 power rating

功率换算 power conversion

校正系数 correction factor

换算系数 performance test

性能试验 performance test

起动性能试验 starting ability test

怠速试验 idle running test

道路负荷试验 road load test

各缸工作均匀性试验 cylinder variation test

背压试验 back pressure test

最低稳定工作转速试验 lowest continuous speed test with load

背部泄漏试验 back-leakage test

调整试验 adjustment test

热平衡试验 heat balance test

快速磨损试验 accelerated wear test

热冲击试验 thermo-shock test

空载特性试验 no-load characteristic test

模拟增压试验 simulated supercharging test

停缸试验 cylinder fuel-cut test

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