会计专业英语词汇(共6篇)
篇1:会计专业英语词汇
A
Advertising expense 广告费用 Accrual basis of accounting 权责发生制 Accounts payable 应付账款 Accounts receivable 应收账款
Account帐户
Accrual-type adjusting entry(accruals)应计类调整分录
Accounting information system 会计信息系统
Accounts receivable-net 净应收账款
Accumulated depreciation-land improvement 累计折旧-土地改良物 Accumulated depreciation-buildings 累计折旧-建筑物
Accumulated depreciation-equipment 累计折旧-设备
Accumulated depreciation 累计折旧
Assets 资产
Amortization expense 待摊费用
Allowance for doubtful accounts 呆账准备
Aging of accounts receivable 应收账款帐龄
B
Bank service charge expense 银行服务费
Balance sheet 资产负债表
Bad debt expense 坏账费用
Bank reconciliation 银行对账单 Bond issue costs 债券发行成本 Bonds payable 应付债券 Book value of a company 公司的账面价值
Book value 账面价值
Building 建筑物
C
Carrying amount 账面结存额
Carrying value 账面结存额
Cash 现金
Cash basis of accounting 收付实现制
Cash receipt 现金收入(据)
Creditor 债权人
Certified Management Accountants 注册管理会计师
Certified Internal Auditor注册内部审计师
Certified Public Accountants注册公共会计师
Carrying amount 账面结存额
Common stock 普通股
Conservatism 谨慎性
Contra account 抵消帐户,对销帐户
Contra asset account 备抵资产账户
Contra equity account 备抵权益账户
Contra liability account 备抵负债账户
Cost principle 成本原则 Commissions expense 佣金费用 Contribution Margin 边际贡献(贡献毛利)Cost of goods sold 销货成本
Chart of accounts 帐户表
Customer deposits 客户存款
Credit 贷
Classified balance sheet 分类资产负债表
Current assets 流动资产
Current year’s net income 当年净收入
D
Delivery equipment 投递设备
Depreciation expense 折旧费用
Debit 借
Deferral 递延
Depreciation 折旧
Depreciation expense – equipment 折旧费用-设备
Deferred income taxes 递延所得税
Depletion expense 折耗费
Double entry accounting 复式记账会计
Discount on bonds payable 应付债券折扣 Discount on notes payable 应付贷款折扣 Discontinued operations 终止经营E
Equipment 设备
Expenses 费用
Effective interest rate method of amortization 实际利率法摊销 Economic entity assumption 会计主体假设
Earned 赚得
Expired 到期的 Extraordinary item—gain 异常项目利得
Extraordinary items异常项目
F
Financial accounting 财务会计
Fees earned 挣得的费用
First in, fist out(FIFO)先进先出
Financial accounting standards board(FASB)财务会计准则委员会 Financial statement 财务报表
Full disclosure principle 充分披露原则
Fixed expenses 固定费用
Financing activities 筹资活动
Furniture and fixtures 家具和固定装置
G
Gains 利得 General journal entry 普通日记账分录 Gain on sale of assets 出售资产利得 General ledger 总分类账
Gain on sale of land 出售土地利得
Generally accepted accounting principles(GAAP)公认会计原则 Going concern assumption持续经营假设
Gain on sale of investments 出售投资利得
Gross margin 毛利
Goodwill 商誉
Gain on sale of truck 出售卡车利得
I
Institute of Certified Public Accountants美国公共注册会计师协会 Institute of Management Accountants 管理会计师协会
Insurance expense 保险费用
Interest expense 利息费用
Interest payable 应付利息
Inventory 存货
Investment revenues 投资收益
Income summary account 收入汇总帐户
Interest income 利息收益 Investment securities 证券投资 Interest receivable 应收利息 Interest revenues 利息收入
Income statement 收益表
Income statement account 收益表帐户
Incurred 发生的 Income taxes payable 应付所得税
Indirect method of SCF 现金流量表间接方法
Investing activities 投资活动
Intangible assets 无形资产
Investments 投资
Investor 投资者
J
Joe Perez, Capital Joe Perez 资本
Joe Perez, Drawing Joe Perez 提款
Journal entry 日记账分录
J.Ott, Capital J.Ott 资本
J.Ott, Drawing J.Ott 提款
L
Land 土地
Liabilities 负债
Loans receivable 应收贷款
Losses 损失
Loss on sale of assets 出售资产损失 Loss from lawsuit 诉讼损失 Long term investments 长期投资 Loss on sale of truck 出售卡车损失
Loss on sale of computer 出售计算机损失
Last in, first out(LIFO)后进先出
Land improvements 土地改良
Lawsuit payable 应付诉讼费
Long term liabilities 长期负债
M
Managerial accounting 管理会计
Matching principle 配比原则
Mary Smith, Capital--Mary Smith资本
Mary Smith, Drawing--Mary Smith提款
Miscellaneous expense 杂项费用
Merchandise inventory 商品存货
Mortgage loan payable应付抵押贷款
Monetary unit assumption货币单位假设
Matt Jones, Capital Matt Jones资本
Matt Jones, current year net income Matt Jones当年净收入N Net income 净收益
Net loss 净损失
Notes payable 应付票据(贷款)
Net realizable value 可变现净值
Net of tax 除税净额
O
Office equipment 办公设备
Owner’s(stockholders’)equity 业主(股东)权益
Organization chart组织结构图
Operating activities 经营活动
Other current assets 其它流动资产
Other current liabilities 其它流动负债
Office equipment expense 办公设备费
Office supplies expense 办公用品费
Operating income 营业收入
Other accrual expenses payable 其它应付应计费用
Other assets 其它资产
P
private accounting 私业会计
public accounting 公共(众)会计
Paid-in capital 实收资本
Preferred stock 优先股 Prepaid advertising 预付广告费 Prepaid association dues 预付协会会费 Prepaid expense 预付费用
Prepaid insurance 预付保险费
Prepaid rent 预付租金
Purchases购买品
Principal 本金
paid-in capital in excess of par value-common stock 普通股股票溢价 paid-in capital in excess of par value-preferred stock 优先股股票溢价 paid-in capital from treasury stock 出售库存股所得资本
Payroll taxes payable 应付工资税
Purchase order 订货单
Petty cash 零用现金
Property, plant, and equipment 固定资产
Primary activities 主营业务
Promissory note 本票
R
Rent expense 租金费用
Retained earnings 留存收益
Revenues recognition principle 收入确认原则 Revenues 收入 Repairs and maintenance expense 修理及维护费用 Residual value 残值;剩余价值
Receipts 入款
S
Sales 销售收入
Sales allowances 销货折让
sales discounts 销售折扣
sales returns销货退回
Salaries expense 工资费用
Sales revenues 销货收入
Salaries payable 应付工资
Securities and Exchange Commission 美国证券交易委员会
Service revenues 服务收入
Service charge revenues 服务费收入
Supplies 供应品
Supplies expense 供应品费用
Subsidiary ledger 明细分类账
Secondary activities 次营业务
Sold 销售
Sole proprietorship 独资企业
Statement of cash flows 现金流量表
Statement of stockholders’ equity 股东权益表
Stockholders’ equity 股东权益T Temporary help expense 临时帮助费用 Telephone expense 电话费
Trial balance 试算平衡表
Temporary service expense 临时服务费用 Treasury stock 库存股
T-account T型帐户
Taxes payable 应付税款
Temporary investments 临时投资
Trade names 商标
U
Unearned revenues 未实现收入
Utilities expense 能源费(水、电、气等)V
Vehicles 交通工具
Vendors 供应商
W
Wages expense 工资费用
Wages payable 应付工资
Warranty liability 担保负债(责任)Y
Year-to-date net income 年累计净收入
篇2:会计专业英语词汇
account balancde 结平的帐户
account bill 帐单
account books 帐
account classification 帐户分类
account current 往来帐
account form of balance sheet 帐户式资产负债表
account form of profit and loss statement 帐户式损益表
account payable 应付帐款
account receivable 应收帐款
account of payments 支出表
account of receipts 收入表
account title 帐户名称,会计科目
accounting year 或financial year 会计
accounts payable ledger 应付款分类帐
Accounting period(会计期间)
are related to specific time periods ,typically one year(通常是一年)
资产负债表:balance sheet 可以不大写b
利润表: income statements(or statements of income)
利润分配表:retained earnings
现金流量表:cash flows
1、部门的称谓
市场部Marketing
销售部 Sales Department(也有其它讲法,如宝洁公司销售部叫客户生意发展部CBD)
客户服务 Customer Service,例如客服员叫CSR,R for representative
人事部 Human Resource
行政部 Admin.财务部 Finance & Accounting
产品供应 Product Supply,例如产品调度员叫 P S Planner
2、人员的称谓
助理 Assistant
秘书 secretary
前台接待小姐 Receptionist
文员 clerk,如会计文员为Accounting Clerk
主任 supervisor
经理 Manager
总经理 GM,General Manager
入场费admission
运费freight
小费tip
学费tuition
价格,代价charge
制造费用 Manufacturing overhead
材料费 Materials
管理人员工资 Executive Salaries
奖金 Wages
退职金 Retirement allowance
补贴 Bonus
外保劳务费 Outsourcing fee
福利费 Employee benefits/welfare
会议费 Coferemce
加班餐费 Special duties
市内交通费 Business traveling
通讯费 Correspondence
电话费 Correspondence
水电取暖费 Water and Steam
税费 Taxes and dues
租赁费 Rent
管理费 Maintenance
车辆维护费 Vehicles maintenance
油料费 Vehicles maintenance
培训费 Education and training
接待费 Entertainment
图书、印刷费 Books and printing
运费 Transpotation
保险费 Insurance premium
支付手续费 Commission
杂费 Sundry charges
折旧费 Depreciation expense
机物料消耗 Article of consumption
劳动保护费 Labor protection fees
总监Director
总会计师 Finance Controller
高级 Senior 如高级经理为 Senior Manager
营业费用 Operating expenses
代销手续费 Consignment commission charge
运杂费 Transpotation
保险费 Insurance premium
展览费 Exhibition fees
广告费 Advertising fees
管理费用 Adminisstrative expenses
职工工资 Staff Salaries
修理费 Repair charge
低值易耗摊销 Article of consumption
办公费 Office allowance
差旅费 Travelling expense
工会经费 Labour union expenditure
研究与开发费 Research and development expense
福利费 Employee benefits/welfare
职工教育经费 Personnel education
待业保险费 Unemployment insurance
劳动保险费 Labour insurance
医疗保险费 Medical insurance 会议费 Coferemce
聘请中介机构费 Intermediary organs
咨询费 Consult fees
诉讼费 Legal cost
业务招待费 Business entertainment
技术转让费 Technology transfer fees
矿产资源补偿费 Mineral resources compensation fees
排污费 Pollution discharge fees
房产税 Housing property tax
车船使用税 Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT)
土地使用税 Tenure tax
印花税 Stamp tax
财务费用 Finance charge
利息支出 Interest exchange
汇兑损失 Foreign exchange loss
各项手续费 Charge for trouble
各项专门借款费用 Special-borrowing cost
帐目名词
一、资产类 Assets
流动资产 Current assets
货币资金 Cash and cash equivalents
现金 Cash
银行存款 Cash in bank
其他货币资金 Other cash and cash equivalents
外埠存款 Other city Cash in bank
银行本票 Cashier's cheque
银行汇票 Bank draft
信用卡 Credit card
信用证保证金 L/C Guarantee deposits
存出投资款 Refundable deposits
短期投资 Short-term investments
股票 Short-term investmentscorporate bonds
基金 Short-term investmentsother
短期投资跌价准备 Short-term investments falling price reserves
应收款 Account receivable
应收票据 Note receivable
银行承兑汇票 Bank acceptance
商业承兑汇票 Trade acceptance
应收股利 Dividend receivable
应收利息 Interest receivable
应收账款 Account receivable
其他应收款 Other notes receivable
坏账准备 Bad debt reserves
预付账款 Advance money
应收补贴款 Cover deficit by state subsidies of receivable
库存资产 Inventories
物资采购 Supplies purchasing
原材料 Raw materials
包装物 Wrappage
低值易耗品 Low-value consumption goods
材料成本差异 Materials cost variance
自制半成品 Semi-Finished goods
库存商品 Finished goods
商品进销差价 Differences between purchasing and selling price
委托加工物资 Work in process-outsourced
委托代销商品 Trust to and sell the goods on a commission basis
受托代销商品 Commissioned and sell the goods on a commission basis
存货跌价准备 Inventory falling price reserves
分期收款发出商品 Collect money and send out the goods by stages
待摊费用 Deferred and prepaid expenses
长期投资 Long-term investment
长期股权投资 Long-term investment on stocks
股票投资 Investment on stocks
其他股权投资 Other investment on stocks
长期债权投资 Long-term investment on bonds
债券投资 Investment on bonds
其他债权投资 Other investment on bonds
长期投资减值准备 Long-term investments depreciation reserves
股权投资减值准备 Stock rights investment depreciation reserves
债权投资减值准备 Bcreditor's rights investment depreciation reserves
委托贷款 Entrust loans
本金 Principal
利息 Interest
减值准备 Depreciation reserves
固定资产 Fixed assets
房屋 Building
建筑物 Structure
机器设备 Machinery equipment
运输设备 Transportation facilities
工具器具 Instruments and implement
累计折旧 Accumulated depreciation
固定资产减值准备 Fixed assets depreciation reserves
房屋、建筑物减值准备 Building/structure depreciation reserves
机器设备减值准备 Machinery equipment depreciation reserves
工程物资 Project goods and material
专用材料 Special-purpose material
专用设备 Special-purpose equipment
预付大型设备款 Prepayments for equipment
为生产准备的工具及器具 Preparative instruments and implement for fabricate
在建工程 Construction-in-process
安装工程 Erection works 在安装设备 Erecting equipment-in-process
技术改造工程 Technical innovation project
大修理工程 General overhaul project
在建工程减值准备 Construction-in-process depreciation reserves
固定资产清理 Liquidation of fixed assets
无形资产 Intangible assets
专利权 Patents
非专利技术 Non-Patents
商标权 Trademarks, Trade names
著作权 Copyrights
土地使用权 Tenure
商誉 Goodwill
无形资产减值准备 Intangible Assets depreciation reserves
专利权减值准备 Patent rights depreciation reserves
商标权减值准备 trademark rights depreciation reserves
未确认融资费用 Unacknowledged financial charges
待处理财产损溢 Wait deal assets loss or income
待处理财产损溢 Wait deal assets loss or income
待处理流动资产损溢 Wait deal intangible assets loss or income
待处理固定资产损溢 Wait deal fixed assets loss or income
二、负债类 Liability
短期负债 Current liability
短期借款 Short-term borrowing
应付票据 Notes payable
银行承兑汇票 Bank acceptance
商业承兑汇票 Trade acceptance
应付账款 Account payable
预收账款 Deposit received
代销商品款 Proxy sale goods revenue
应付工资 Accrued wages
应付福利费 Accrued welfarism
应付股利 Dividends payable
应交税金 Tax payable
应交增值税 value added tax payable
进项税额 Withholdings on VAT
已交税金 Paying tax
转出未交增值税 Unpaid VAT changeover
减免税款 Tax deduction
销项税额 Substituted money on VAT
出口退税 Tax reimbursement for export
进项税额转出 Changeover withnoldings on VAT
出口抵减内销产品应纳税额 Export deduct domestic sales goods tax
转出多交增值税 Overpaid VAT changeover
未交增值税 Unpaid VAT
应交营业税 Business tax payable
应交消费税 Consumption tax payable 应交资源税 Resources tax payable
应交所得税 Income tax payable
应交土地增值税 Increment tax on land value payable
应交城市维护建设税 Tax for maintaining and building cities
payable
应交房产税 Housing property tax payable
应交土地使用税 Tenure tax payable
应交车船使用税 Vehicle and vessel usage license plate
tax(VVULPT)payable
应交个人所得税 Personal income tax payable
其他应交款 Other fund in conformity with paying
其他应付款 Other payables
预提费用 Drawing expense in advance
其他负债 Other liabilities
待转资产价值 Pending changerover assets value
预计负债 Anticipation liabilities
长期负债 Long-term Liabilities
长期借款 Long-term loans
一年内到期的长期借款 Long-term loans due within one year
一年后到期的长期借款 Long-term loans due over one year
应付债券 Bonds payable
债券面值 Face value, Par value
债券溢价 Premium on bonds
债券折价 Discount on bonds
应计利息 Accrued interest
长期应付款 Long-term account payable
应付融资租赁款 Accrued financial lease outlay
一年内到期的长期应付 Long-term account payable due within one year
一年后到期的长期应付 Long-term account payable over one year
专项应付款 Special payable
一年内到期的专项应付 Long-term special payable due within one year
一年后到期的专项应付 Long-term special payable over one year
递延税款 Deferral taxes
三、所有者权益类 OWNERS' EQUITY
资本 Capita
实收资本(或股本)Paid-up capital(or stock)
实收资本 Paicl-up capital
实收股本 Paid-up stock
已归还投资 Investment Returned
公积
资本公积 Capital reserve
资本(或股本)溢价 Cpital(or Stock)premium
接受捐赠非现金资产准备 Receive non-cash donate reserve
股权投资准备 Stock right investment reserves
拨款转入 Allocate sums changeover in
外币资本折算差额 Foreign currency capital
其他资本公积 Other capital reserve 盈余公积 Surplus reserves
法定盈余公积 Legal surplus
任意盈余公积 Free surplus reserves
法定公益金 Legal public welfare fund
储备基金 Reserve fund
企业发展基金 Enterprise expension fund
利润归还投资 Profits capitalizad on return of investment
利润 Profits
本年利润 Current year profits
利润分配 Profit distribution
其他转入 Other chengeover in
提取法定盈余公积 Withdrawal legal surplus
提取法定公益金 Withdrawal legal public welfare funds
提取储备基金 Withdrawal reserve fund
提取企业发展基金 Withdrawal reserve for business expansion
提取职工奖励及福利基金 Withdrawal staff and workers' bonus and
welfare fund
利润归还投资 Profits capitalizad on return of investment
应付优先股股利 Preferred Stock dividends payable
提取任意盈余公积 Withdrawal other common accumulation fund
应付普通股股利 Common Stock dividends payable
转作资本(或股本)的普通股股利 Common Stock dividends change to
assets(or stock)
未分配利润 Undistributed profit
四、成本类 Cost
生产成本 Cost of manufacture
基本生产成本 Base cost of manufacture
辅助生产成本 Auxiliary cost of manufacture
制造费用 Manufacturing overhead
材料费 Materials
管理人员工资 Executive Salaries
奖金 Wages
退职金 Retirement allowance
补贴 Bonus
外保劳务费 Outsourcing fee
福利费 Employee benefits/welfare
会议费 Coferemce
加班餐费 Special duties
市内交通费 Business traveling
通讯费 Correspondence
电话费 Correspondence
水电取暖费 Water and Steam
税费 Taxes and dues
租赁费 Rent
管理费 Maintenance
车辆维护费 Vehicles maintenance
油料费 Vehicles maintenance
培训费 Education and training
接待费 Entertainment
图书、印刷费 Books and printing
运费 Transpotation
保险费 Insurance premium
支付手续费 Commission
杂费 Sundry charges
折旧费 Depreciation expense
机物料消耗 Article of consumption
劳动保护费 Labor protection fees
季节性停工损失 Loss on seasonality cessation
劳务成本 Service costs
五、损益类 Profit and loss
收入 Income
业务收入 OPERATING INCOME
主营业务收入 Prime operating revenue
产品销售收入 Sales revenue
服务收入 Service revenue
其他业务收入 Other operating revenue
材料销售 Sales materials
代购代售
包装物出租 Wrappage lease
出让资产使用权收入 Remise right of assets revenue
返还所得税 Reimbursement of income tax
其他收入 Other revenue
投资收益 Investment income
短期投资收益 Current investment income
长期投资收益 Long-term investment income
计提的委托贷款减值准备 Withdrawal of entrust loans reserves
补贴收入 Subsidize revenue
国家扶持补贴收入 Subsidize revenue from country
其他补贴收入 Other subsidize revenue
营业外收入 NON-OPERATING INCOME
非货币性交易收益 Non-cash deal income
现金溢余 Cash overage
处置固定资产净收益 Net income on disposal of fixed assets
出售无形资产收益 Income on sales of intangible assets
固定资产盘盈 Fixed assets inventory profit
罚款净收入 Net amercement income
支出 Outlay
业务支出 Revenue charges
主营业务成本 Operating costs
产品销售成本 Cost of goods sold
服务成本 Cost of service
主营业务税金及附加 Tax and associate charge
营业税 Sales tax
消费税 Consumption tax
城市维护建设税 Tax for maintaining and building cities
资源税 Resources tax
土地增值税 Increment tax on land value
5405 其他业务支出 Other business expense
销售其他材料成本 Other cost of material sale
其他劳务成本 Other cost of service
其他业务税金及附加费 Other tax and associate charge
费用 Expenses
营业费用 Operating expenses
代销手续费 Consignment commission charge
运杂费 Transpotation
保险费 Insurance premium
展览费 Exhibition fees
广告费 Advertising fees
管理费用 Adminisstrative expenses
职工工资 Staff Salaries
修理费 Repair charge
低值易耗摊销 Article of consumption
办公费 Office allowance
差旅费 Travelling expense
工会经费 Labour union expenditure
研究与开发费 Research and development expense
福利费 Employee benefits/welfare
职工教育经费 Personnel education
待业保险费 Unemployment insurance
劳动保险费 Labour insurance
医疗保险费 Medical insurance
会议费 Coferemce
聘请中介机构费 Intermediary organs
咨询费 Consult fees
诉讼费 Legal cost
业务招待费 Business entertainment
技术转让费 Technology transfer fees
矿产资源补偿费 Mineral resources compensation fees
排污费 Pollution discharge fees
房产税 Housing property tax
车船使用税 Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT)
土地使用税 Tenure tax
印花税 Stamp tax
财务费用 Finance charge
利息支出 Interest exchange
汇兑损失 Foreign exchange loss
各项手续费 Charge for trouble
各项专门借款费用 Special-borrowing cost
营业外支出 Nonbusiness expenditure
捐赠支出 Donation outlay
减值准备金 Depreciation reserves
非常损失 Extraordinary loss
处理固定资产净损失 Net loss on disposal of fixed assets
出售无形资产损失 Loss on sales of intangible assets
固定资产盘亏 Fixed assets inventory loss
债务重组损失 Loss on arrangement
罚款支出 Amercement outlay
所得税 Income tax
篇3:会计专业英语词汇
词汇学家Mc Cathy曾经说过“不论学生的语法学得多好, 语音多么漂亮, 如果没有足够的词汇来表达他的感情或理解对方的观点和想法, 他就无法用这门语言进行任何有意义的交流。”词汇学习贯穿于整个英语学习的始终, 关系到英语学习的方方面面。然而, 在我国高校的英语教学中, 英语专业的词汇教学还存在缺失和不受重视的情况, 国内各大高校的英语教学中虽然有涉及到词汇学这一学科, 却很少有学校开设词汇学的专门课程, 词汇学往往夹杂在高校基础英语的教学中, 没有专业和专门的教授。
2英语学习中词汇学习的重要性
Stubbs曾说:“人们想到语言的时候, 几乎总是要想到词汇”。而应用语言学家D.A.Wilkins在Linguistics in Language Teaching一书中也突出了英语交际中词汇的重要性, 他认为:“没有语法, 能表达的内容很少;没有词汇, 则什么都表达不了”。本文引用两位词汇语言大家的原话, 来引出词汇学习的重要性。在任何语言中, 词汇都是最核心的, 词汇与具体的概念和意义有着直接的联系, 是具体概念和意义的承载体。如果离开了词汇, 其他一切内容包括词法、句法、语意、短语、结构等等都将不复存在, 变得毫无意义。离开了词汇, 人类各个种族的文化将难以实现沟通和交流, 人类一代一代的文化经典和宝藏将无法传承和发扬光大。
3我国英语教学实践中词汇教学的现状
词汇研究者Coady J&Huckin T.曾经说过:“词汇是语言的中心, 对语言学习者来说是一个至关重要的知识领域, 然而在外语教学领域一直没有得到应有的重视”。我国英语教学实践中的词汇教学一直不受教育工作者和学生的重视, 甚至出现词汇教学缺失的现象。在我国的教育体制中, 学校将熟练掌握英语的听、说、读、写、译这五项基础技能作为英语教学的目标, 而词汇教学只是在其他内容的教授中偶尔有所提及, 并不要求对词汇的内容进行深入的理解和把握。其次, 英语教师和学生大多对英语词汇的认识停留在表面上, 将每个词汇看成是独立、互不联系的个体, 而没有意识到词汇是相互关联、相互影响的。目前高校英语专业的教学中, 词汇的掌握注重的是量的变化, 而并不予以深究。很多英语专业学生扩充词汇量的方法就是拼命地死记硬背。
4 英语专业学生促进词汇学习, 提高词汇发展水平的策略
4.1 在阅读中学习词汇
在阅读中学习词汇可以帮助学生大大提高词汇学习的效率。由于词汇是语篇功能和意义的结合体, 因此, 想要把握语篇的内容, 必须先弄懂词汇的意义和功能。在阅读英语文章时, 我们要善于运用技巧和方法, 借助英语阅读的机会来促进词汇的学习。高校英语专业的学生在阅读英语文章时必定会碰到生词, 这时不能因生词对阅读造成阻碍而放弃阅读, 或者直接借助查阅工具先将单词的意思标注在旁边, 这不但不利于英语词汇的学习, 也阻碍英语阅读和分析能力的发展。正确的做法是在第一遍读文章的时候, 将文章中的生词标注出来。然后再读, 先弄懂整篇文章的大意, 之后根据文章的大意和生词所在句子上下文的句意, 对生词的意思进行猜测。这个过程由于受到文章难度和学生词汇量积累及文章阅读能力的限制和制约, 刚开始的时候, 可能会花很长时间, 随着练习量的增多, 学生的阅读能力的增强, 对生词判断和猜测能力增强, 正确率也会越来越高。阅读中不仅要注意文章中的每个单词, 还要学会将单词串联起来, 理解句子中每个短语、搭配以及句式的意思和功能, 例如, It takes her four hours to walk through the woods.在这个句子中, 学生通过抓住关键词It、takes、to, 判断出这是一个it takes sb.some time to do sth.的固定句式结构, 再根据其他词的语义, 就可以得出句意, 从而把握文章的意义和脉络。有些词汇的理解特别有利于学生掌握文章中每个段落和句子之间的关联, 比如转折关系、递进关系以及总结关系等。例如, while、in fact、as a matter of fact表转折关系;what’s more、in addition表递进关系;as a result、in a word、to sum up、in conclusion表示总结关系。通过这种方式, 学生能够更好地了解文章的写作思路和脉络, 理解文章的中心大意和作者赋予文章的情感。此外, 词汇还能够帮助学生更好地掌握文章的文体特征, 能够识别和分析文章中的“语篇框架语”, 从而把握文章的整体结构, 例如, In this essay, we find that..., firstly..., sceondly..., fi nally..., 这种句型使得文章结构清晰了然。因此, 文章阅读和词汇学习是相通的, 学生们要好好把握这个方法。
4.2 在写作中学习词汇
阅读、写作和词汇是相通的, 三者联系紧密。更为具体地说, 写作是将词汇和从阅读中获取的词汇组织的方式融入到写作训练过程中, 同时通过写作训练, 又可以巩固词汇的认知和使用。学生在阅读中通过对词汇的深入认知和全面掌握, 促进其在英语写作当中对词汇的选择和使用更加精准。而且, 英语专业学生阅读的文章的作者大都是地道的英语使用者, 他们写的文章也都是纯正的英语用语方式。因此, 通过阅读所掌握的英语词汇的使用方法更为地道和纯正, 更接近英语国家使用者的水平。然后, 这种技能和知识通过具体的写作实践得以巩固和复习。由于写作过程中, 学生要重新罗列和组织之前所掌握的词汇的知识, 进行不断地重组, 往往能够顿悟, 加深对每个词汇用法和意义的理解。当无法在脑海中找到自己所要表达意思的词汇时, 学生必须找到具有此种意思的英文表达方式, 并进行分析和查询, 以根据不同的情况选择最佳的词汇。这个过程又是一个学习和使用新词汇的过程, 而且是即学即用, 效果更佳。有些词汇的掌握又可以反过来帮助学生提高写作的流畅性和连贯性。利用一些转折性、并列性以及递进类的短语和词汇能够很好地提升写作的连贯性, 使文章更加通顺, 不至于起伏不定。例如, because、not only...but also、although、on the contray、at the same time、it is no doubt that等词块的使用, 可以使文章结构更加合理, 写作质量更高。有些词汇的掌握也可以反过来提升学生对写作的综合控制能力, 使学生学会从整体上来组织写作内容。例如, 学生在写作时, 用owing to...、it is no doubt that、with the develop of...等引入话题, 用as far as I am concerned、although、meanwhile、in my opinion等过渡到自己的情况, 再用in a word、all in all、in the end等总结, 使结构更加完整, 条理更为清晰, 上下衔接自如, 首尾相互呼应。
5 结语
英语专业学生在英语语言的学习过程中, 一定要充分认识到词汇学习的重要性, 重视英语词汇学习。英语词汇繁如星辰, 而且每个词汇都有很多词性、语义和用法, 其繁杂程度是不言可喻的。面对如此复杂繁多的词汇, 而人脑的记忆力和容量又是有限的, 学生在学习词汇的时候一定要掌握方法和技巧, 避免死记硬背, 才能在英语学习中取得事半功倍的效果。
参考文献
[1]大学英语教学大纲修订工作组.大学英语教学大纲[修订本] (高等学校本科用) [M].上海:上海外语教育出版社;北京:高等教育出版社, 2011.
[2]高等学校外语专业教学指导委员会英语组.高等学校英语教学大纲[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社;上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2014.
[3]文秋芳.英语学习者动机、观念、策略的变化规律与特点[J].外语教学与研究, 2011 (2) .
篇4:英语专业词汇教学
关键词:建构主义
英语 专业词汇 教学方法
面对高职生参差不齐的英语水平,要实现有效的专业英语教学,就离不开合理的理论指导。建构主义告诉我们,知识是学习者在一定的学习情景下,借助他人并利用必要的学习资料,通过意义建构的方式而获得的。将建构主义运用于英语专业词汇教学,有利于提高学生的英语应用能力。
一、课堂教学方法
(一)英语单词的“文化教学”
建构主义认为,学习总是与一定的“情境”相联系的,教师除了通过形式的新颖与手段的灵活来吸引学生之外,还可采用单词的“文化教学”策略。这样既拓宽了学生的知识面,又可帮助学生理解和记忆单词。以汽车英语为例:蝰蛇(Viper)是美国最凶猛的蛇种之一,克莱斯勒汽车公司用一条张着血盆大口的蝰蛇作为车标,预示蝰蛇跑车动力强劲、跑劲十足。
(二)单词的科学记忆
建构主义认为,学习者与周围环境的交互作用,对于学习内容的理解起着关键性的作用。根据学生在基础英语学习阶段接触过的英语构词法,许多专业词汇都可以从普通词汇中找到其渊源。
1.词根与词缀记忆法
掌握好词根和词缀,是提高词汇量的有效途径。大多数专业英语单词是由词根加上前缀或后缀组成的合成词,但常用词的前缀或后缀一般是通用的,如“un-、in-、im-、-ment、-ly”等。而专业词汇的前后缀却是专业性较强的,如“medic-(医治、医学)、ax-(轴)”等。因此,分析单词的结构,记住其词根的意义,便能深刻地理解单词,从而对单词进行科学的记忆。
2.转义联想记忆法
所谓转义联想记忆法就是引导学生找出单词的一般含义与专业含义之间的联系,学生通过联想、想象、比较、引申等方式,达到理解和记忆单词的目的。在从基础英语向专业英语学习的过渡期,学生认为基础英语和专业英语的差异很大。如“fine breeze”会给人微风吹拂的美妙印象,但却指“煤的粉尘”,其实这类专业词汇是由一般词汇转义引申而来。课堂教学中,利用某一个单词,通过联想例举其同义词、反义词、组合关系词、词根词缀相同词等等,极大地丰富了词汇的数量。通过比较学习,学生对专业单词不仅记得快,而且记得多。
3.新生词汇教学
建构主义认为,学习环境是学习者可以在其中进行自由探索和自主学习的场所。高职生在未来的求职中能否有更强的竞争实力,要看他在校期间的知识积累和能力水平。英语是一门活的语言,有了词汇的积累,才会说出具有时代特征的语言。教师可以指导学生利用互联网进行自主化、个性化和多元化学习,如:ringtones(彩铃)、mouse potato(整天坐在电脑前面的电脑迷)。
二、实践教学方法
在建构主义学习环境中,强调学生是认知主体,是意义的主动建构者,并把学生对知识的意义建构作为整个学习过程的最终目的。专业英语教学的最终目的是提高学生的英语应用能力,下列方法值得一试:
(一)利用专业课的教学和实习巩固专业词汇学习
教师要引导学生自主地运用英语,如在现场教学中,要求学生用英语指认各个零部件,必须读懂英文图纸、英文说明书等等。英语教学要取得专业课教师的支持,使专业英语成为学习专业课程的前提,并让专业英语学习延伸到专业课程的教学与实习当中。
(二)留意社会生活,实现“快餐式”学习
“快餐式学习”即谓以尽量短的时间摄取知识、掌握信息。比如,教师通过组织某个专题培训活动,用模拟实践的方式,让学生“现学现卖”或“现卖现学”,达到快速学习的目的。
总之,高职英语教师只有理解建构主义者设计的思路——“在问题解决中学习”,才能帮助学生掌握学习的技巧和科学的学习方法,从而赢得更广阔的生存空间和机遇。
参考文献:
[1]胡卫卫.建构主义理论与当代外语教学[J].安康学院学报,2007,(2).
[2]朱艳华.合作学习策略在高职英语教学中的应用研究[J].职业技术教育,2006,(11).
[3]孙琼.运用合作学习法改进大学英语教学[J].沈阳教育学院学报,2004,(1).
篇5:会计专业外语账目词汇
一、资产类Assets
流动资产Current assets
货币资金Cash and cash equivalents 现金Cash
银行存款Cash in bank
其他货币资金Other cash and cash
equivalents
外埠存款Other city Cash in bank 银行本票Cashier”s cheque 银行汇票Bank draft 信用卡Credit card
信用证保证金L/C Guarantee deposits存出投资款Refundable deposits 短期投资Short-term investments 股票Short-term investmentscorporate
bonds
基金Short-term investmentsother
短期投资跌价准备Short-term investments falling price reserves
应收款Account receivable 应收票据Note receivable
银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance 商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance 应收股利Dividend receivable 应收利息Interest receivable 应收账款Account receivable
其他应收款Other notes receivable 坏账准备Bad debt reserves 预付账款Advance money
应收补贴款Cover deficit by state
subsidies of receivable 库存资产Inventories
物资采购Supplies purchasing 原材料Raw materials 包装物Wrappage
低值易耗品Low-value consumption
goods
材料成本差异Materials cost variance 自制半成品Semi-Finished goods 库存商品Finished goods
商品进销差价Differences between purchasing and selling price
委托加工物资Work in process-outsourced
委托代销商品Trust to and sell the goods on a commission basis
受托代销商品Commissioned and sell the goods on a commission basis
存货跌价准备Inventory falling price reserves
分期收款发出商品Collect money and send out the goods by stages
待摊费用Deferred and prepaid expenses 长期投资Long-term investment
长期股权投资Long-term investment on stocks
股票投资Investment on stocks
其他股权投资Other investment on stocks 长期债权投资Long-term investment on bonds
债券投资Investment on bonds
其他债权投资Other investment on bonds 长期投资减值准备Long-term investments depreciation reserves
股权投资减值准备Stock rights investment depreciation reserves
债权投资减值准备Bcreditor”s rights investment depreciation reserves
委托贷款Entrust loans 本金Principal 利息Interest
减值准备Depreciation reserves 固定资产Fixed assets 房屋Building 建筑物Structure
机器设备Machinery equipment 运输设备Transportation facilities 工具器具Instruments and implement
累计折旧Accumulated depreciation 固定资产减值准备Fixed assets depreciation reserves
房屋、建筑物减值准备Building/structure depreciation reserves
机器设备减值准备Machinery equipment depreciation reserves
工程物资Project goods and material 专用材料Special-purpose material 专用设备Special-purpose equipment 预付大型设备款Prepayments for equipment
为生产准备的工具及器具Preparative instruments and implement for fabricate 在建工程Construction-in-process 安装工程Erection works
在安装设备Erecting equipment-in-process 技术改造工程Technical innovation project 大修理工程General overhaul project 在建工程减值准备Construction-in-process depreciation reserves
固定资产清理Liquidation of fixed assets无形资产Intangible assets 专利权Patents
非专利技术Non-Patents
商标权Trademarks, Trade names 著作权Copyrights 土地使用权Tenure 商誉Goodwill
无形资产减值准备Intangible Assets depreciation reserves
专利权减值准备Patent rights depreciation reserves
商标权减值准备trademark rights depreciation reserves
未确认融资费用Unacknowledged financial charges
待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income
待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income
待处理流动资产损溢Wait deal intangible assets loss or income
待处理固定资产损溢Wait deal fixed assets loss or income
accountant genaral会计主任 account balancde结平的帐户 account bill帐单
account books帐
account classification帐户分类account current往来帐
account form of balance sheet帐户式资产负债表
account form of profit and loss statement帐户式损益表
account payable应付帐款account receivable应收帐款account of payments支出表
account of receipts收入表
account title帐户名称,会计科目
accounting year或financial year会计 accounts payable ledger应付款分类帐Accounting period(会计期间)are related to specific
time periods ,typically one year(通常是一年)
资产负债表:balance sheet可以不大写b 利润表: income statements(or statements of income)
利润分配表:retained earnings 现金流量表:cash flows
二、负债类Liability
短期负债Current liability
短期借款Short-term borrowing 应付票据Notes payable
银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance 商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance 应付账款Account payable 预收账款Deposit received
代销商品款Proxy sale goods revenue 应付工资Accrued wages
应付福利费Accrued welfarism 应付股利Dividends payable 应交税金Tax payable
应交增值税value added tax payable 进项税额Withholdings on VAT 已交税金Paying tax
转出未交增值税Unpaid VAT
changeover
减免税款Tax deduction
销项税额Substituted money on VAT 出口退税Tax reimbursement for export 进项税额转出Changeover withnoldings on VAT
出口抵减内销产品应纳税额Export deduct domestic sales goods tax
转出多交增值税Overpaid VAT changeover
未交增值税Unpaid VAT 应交营业税Business tax payable
应交消费税Consumption tax payable 应交资源税Resources tax payable 应交所得税Income tax payable
应交土地增值税Increment tax on land value payable
应交城市维护建设税Tax for maintaining and building cities payable
应交房产税Housing property tax payable 应交土地使用税Tenure tax payable 应交车船使用税Vehicle and vessel usage
license plate
tax(VVULPT)payable
应交个人所得税Personal income tax
payable
其他应交款Other fund in conformity with paying
其他应付款Other payables
预提费用Drawing expense in advance 其他负债Other liabilities
待转资产价值Pending changerover assets value
预计负债Anticipation liabilities 长期负债Long-term Liabilities 长期借款Long-term loans
一年内到期的长期借款Long-term loans due within one year
一年后到期的长期借款Long-term loans due over one year
应付债券Bonds payable
债券面值Face value, Par value 债券溢价Premium on bonds 债券折价Discount on bonds 应计利息Accrued interest
长期应付款Long-term account payable 应付融资租赁款Accrued financial lease outlay
一年内到期的长期应付Long-term account payable due within one year
一年后到期的长期应付Long-term account payable over one year 专项应付款Special payable
一年内到期的专项应付Long-term special payable due within one year
一年后到期的专项应付Long-term special payable over one year 递延税款Deferral taxes
所有者权益类OWNERS” EQUITY
资本Capita
实收资本(或股本)Paid-up capital(or stock)
实收资本Paicl-up capital 实收股本Paid-up stock
已归还投资Investment Returned 公积
资本公积Capital reserve
资本(或股本)溢价Cpital(or Stock)premium
接受捐赠非现金资产准备Receive non-cash donate reserve
股权投资准备Stock right investment reserves
拨款转入Allocate sums changeover in 外币资本折算差额Foreign currency capital
其他资本公积Other capital reserve 盈余公积Surplus reserves 法定盈余公积Legal surplus
任意盈余公积Free surplus reserves 法定公益金Legal public welfare fund 储备基金Reserve fund
企业发展基金Enterprise expension fund 利润归还投资Profits capitalizad on return of investment 利润Profits
本年利润Current year profits 利润分配Profit distribution
其他转入Other chengeover in
提取法定盈余公积Withdrawal legal surplus
提取法定公益金Withdrawal legal public welfare funds
提取储备基金Withdrawal reserve fund 提取企业发展基金Withdrawal reserve for business expansion
提取职工奖励及福利基金Withdrawal staff and workers” bonus and
welfare fund
利润归还投资Profits capitalizad on return of investment
应付优先股股利Preferred Stock dividends payable
提取任意盈余公积Withdrawal other common accumulation fund
应付普通股股利Common Stock dividends payable
转作资本(或股本)的普通股股利Common Stock dividends change to
assets(or stock)
未分配利润Undistributed profit
四、成本类Cost
生产成本Cost of manufacture 基本生产成本Base cost of manufacture 辅助生产成本Auxiliary cost of manufacture
制造费用Manufacturing overhead 材料费Materials
管理人员工资Executive Salaries 奖金Wages
退职金Retirement allowance 补贴Bonus
外保劳务费Outsourcing fee
福利费Employee benefits/welfare 会议费Coferemce
加班餐费Special duties
市内交通费Business traveling 通讯费Correspondence 电话费Correspondence
水电取暖费Water and Steam 税费Taxes and dues 租赁费Rent
管理费Maintenance
车辆维护费Vehicles maintenance 油料费Vehicles maintenance 培训费Education and training 接待费Entertainment
图书、印刷费Books and printing 运费Transpotation
保险费Insurance premium 支付手续费Commission 杂费Sundry charges
折旧费Depreciation expense
机物料消耗Article of consumption 劳动保护费Labor protection fees
季节性停工损失Loss on seasonality cessation
劳务成本Service costs
五、损益类Profit and loss
收入Income
业务收入OPERATING INCOME 主营业务收入Prime operating revenue 产品销售收入Sales revenue 服务收入Service revenue
其他业务收入Other operating revenue 材料销售Sales materials 代购代售
包装物出租Wrappage lease
出让资产使用权收入Remise right of assets revenue
返还所得税Reimbursement of income tax 其他收入Other revenue 投资收益Investment income
短期投资收益Current investment income 长期投资收益Long-term investment income
计提的委托贷款减值准备Withdrawal of entrust loans reserves 补贴收入Subsidize revenue
国家扶持补贴收入Subsidize revenue from country
其他补贴收入Other subsidize revenue 营业外收入NON-OPERATING INCOME 非货币性交易收益Non-cash deal income 现金溢余Cash overage
处置固定资产净收益Net income on disposal of fixed assets
出售无形资产收益Income on sales of intangible assets
固定资产盘盈Fixed assets inventory profit 罚款净收入Net amercement income 支出Outlay
业务支出Revenue charges 主营业务成本Operating costs 产品销售成本Cost of goods sold 服务成本Cost of service
主营业务税金及附加Tax and associate charge
营业税Sales tax
消费税Consumption tax
城市维护建设税Tax for maintaining and building cities
资源税Resources tax
土地增值税Increment tax on land value 5405其他业务支出Other business
expense
销售其他材料成本Other cost of material sale
其他劳务成本Other cost of service 其他业务税金及附加费Other tax and associate charge 费用Expenses
营业费用Operating expenses
代销手续费Consignment commission charge
运杂费Transpotation
保险费Insurance premium 展览费Exhibition fees 广告费Advertising fees
管理费用Adminisstrative expenses 职工工资Staff Salaries 修理费Repair charge
低值易耗摊销Article of consumption
办公费Office allowance 差旅费Travelling expense
工会经费Labour union expenditure
研究与开发费Research and development expense
福利费Employee benefits/welfare 职工教育经费Personnel education 待业保险费Unemployment insurance 劳动保险费Labour insurance 医疗保险费Medical insurance 会议费Coferemce
聘请中介机构费Intermediary organs 咨询费Consult fees 诉讼费Legal cost
业务招待费Business entertainment 技术转让费Technology transfer fees
矿产资源补偿费Mineral resources compensation fees
排污费Pollution discharge fees 房产税Housing property tax
车船使用税Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT)
土地使用税Tenure tax 印花税Stamp tax
财务费用Finance charge 利息支出Interest exchange 汇兑损失Foreign exchange loss 各项手续费Charge for trouble
各项专门借款费用Special-borrowing cost 营业外支出Nonbusiness expenditure 捐赠支出Donation outlay 减值准备金Depreciation reserves 非常损失Extraordinary loss
处理固定资产净损失Net loss on disposal of fixed assets
出售无形资产损失Loss on sales of intangible assets
固定资产盘亏Fixed assets inventory loss 债务重组损失Loss on arrangement
篇6:汽车专业英语词汇
图例 legend
工位 station
吊运装置 overhead hoist
更衣室 restroom
1号厂房工艺布置方案图 proposal of the plant i layout
合笼 mate
底盘平移台 chassis shuttle
车辆转移台 bus transfer
前围角板 front wall angle cover
后围侧板 rear wall side cover
保险杠 bumper
三类底盘 three type chassis
左侧围应力蒙皮 r/s stretching skin (road side)
中涂 floating coat
拼装台 collector
切割轮口 wheel -arch cutting
内饰 trim
线束 harness
返工 re-doing
轮罩护板 wheel house
发车前准备 pre-delivery
举升 hoist
小批量产品 be pilot
2 套 two kits
配电站 power transformer substation
裙板 skirt
发动机托架 engine holding frame
诊断报警系统 diagnosis and alarming system
互换性 interchangeability
缩微图纸 microfiche files
总装 final assembly
磷化 phosphating
仪表板 dash board
切齐 trimming
结构完整性 structure integrity
自动愈合的防腐材料 self-healing corrosion preventative material
长途客车 inter-city bus
改装厂 refitting factory
遮阳板 sun visor
随车工具 tool box
钢化玻璃 toughened grass
异形钢管 special steel pipe
全天候空调系统 full range a/c
强制通风 ram-air ventilation
停机时间 downtime
无公害柴油 clean diesel
宽敞悬臂式座椅 roomy cantilevered seat
防滑地板 no-skid floor
织物纹里铝合金 textured aluminum extrution
爬坡能力 grade ability
排水阀 drain valve
除湿器 moisture ejector
怠速时 at idle
琴式驱动桥 banjo type drive axle
通风口 duct
恒温控制 thermostatic control
平衡水箱 surge tank
变光开关 simmer switch
消音器 muffler
防破坏 vandal resistant
聚碳化透镜 poly-carbonate len
镀锌板 galvanized plate
搭接 lap
亮丽的外表 smart apperance
隐藏式固定 concealed fastening
水洼 ponding
发动机中置式客车 bus with under floor engine
组合式客车车身 modular bus body
薄壳式结构 shell construction
衬垫 pad
空气导流板 air deflector
搁梁 shelf beam
腰梁 waist rail
梭梁 stabilizing beam
腰带式安全带 diagonal safety belt
压条 trim strip
嵌条 insertion strip
翼板 fender
斜撑 bracing piece
转向盘回正性试验 test of steering wheel returnability
转向盘转角脉冲试验 steering wheel impulse input test
转向盘转角阶跃输入试验 steering wheel step input or transient state yaw response test
极限侧向加速度试验 limiting lateral acceleration test
汽车平顺性随机输入行驶试验 automobile ride random input running test
汽车平顺性单脉冲输入行驶试验 automobile ride single pulse input running test
汽车悬挂系统固有频率与阻尼比的测定试验 measurement of natural frequency and damping raito of suspension
功率突然变化影响试验 test of effect of sudden power change
收油门后控制试验 test of control at breakway
横风稳定性试验 test of crosswind stability
反冲试验 kick-back test
轮胎爆破响应时间试验 test of burst response of tyre
绕过障碍物试验 obstacle avoidance test
移线试验 lane change test
j型转弯试验 test of j turn
频率响应时间试验 frequency response test
瞬态响应时间试验 transient response test
阶路响应时间试验 step response test
脉冲响应试验 pulse response test
静态操舵力试验 static steering effort test
悬架举升试验 jack-up test of suspension
耐翻倾试验 test of overturning immunity
轮辋错动试验 rim slip test
风洞试验 wind tunnel test
制动稳定性试验 test of braking stability
最小转弯直径试验 minimum turning diameter test
操舵力试验 steering effort test
类型 type
发动机 engine
内燃机 intenal combusiton engine
动力机装置 power unit
汽油机 gasoline engine
汽油喷射式汽油机 gasoline-injection engine
火花点火式发动机 spark ignition engine
压燃式发动机 compression ignition engine
往复式内燃机 reciprocating internal combustion engine
化油器式发动机 carburetor engine
柴油机 diesel engine
转子发动机 rotary engine
旋轮线转子发动机 rotary trochoidal engine
二冲程发动机 two-stroke engine
四冲程发动机 four-stroke engine
直接喷射式柴油机 direct injection engine
间接喷射式柴油机 indirect injection engine
增压式发动机 supercharged engine
风冷式发动机 air-cooled engine
油冷式发动机 oil-cooled engine
水冷式发动机 water-cooled engine
自然进气式发动机 naturally aspirated engine
煤气机 gas engine
液化石油气发动机 liquified petroleum gas engine
柴油煤气机 diesel gas engine
多种燃料发动机 multifuel engine
石油发动机 hydrocarbon engine
双燃料发动机 duel fuel engine
热球式发动机 hot bulb engine
多气缸发动机 multiple cylinder engine
对置活塞发动机 opposed piston engine
对置气缸式发动机 opposed-cylinder engine
十字头型发动机 cross head engine
直列式发动机 in-line engine
星型发动机 radial engine
筒状活塞发动机 trunk-piston engine
斯特林发动机 stirling engine
套阀式发动机 knight engine
气孔扫气式发动机 port-scavenged engine
倾斜式发动机 slant engine
前置式发动机 front-engine
后置式发动机 rear-engine
中置式发动机 central engine
左侧发动机 left-hand engine
右侧发动机 right-hand engine
短冲程发动机 oversquare engine
长冲程发动机 undersquare engine
等径程发动机 square engine
顶置凸轮轴发动机 overhead camshaft engine
双顶置凸轮轴发动机 dual overhead camshaft engine
v形发动机 v-engine
顶置气门发动机 valve in-head engine
侧置气门发动机 side valve engine
无气门发动机 valveless engine
多气门发动机 multi-valve engine
卧式发动机 horizontal engine
斜置式发动机 inclined engine
立式发动机 vertical engine
w形发动机 w-engine
i形发动机 i-engine
l形发动机 l-engine
f形发动机 f-engine
性能 performance
二冲程循环 two-stroke cycle
四冲程循环 four-stroke cycle
狄塞尔循环 diesel cycle
奥托循环 otto cycle
混合循环 mixed cycle
定容循环 constant volume cycle
工作循环 working cycle
等压循环 constant pressure cycle
理想循环 ideal cycle
热力循环 thermodynamic cycle
冲程 stroke
活塞行程 piston stroke
长行程 long stroke
上行程 up stroke
下行程 down stroke
进气行程 intake stroke
充气行程 charging stroke
压缩行程 compression stroke
爆炸行程 explosion stroke
膨胀行程 expansion stroke
动力行程 power stroke
排气行程 exhaust stroke
膨胀换气行程 expansion-exchange stroke
换气压缩行程 exchange-compression stroke
止点 dead center
上止点 top dead center(upper dead center)
下止点 lower dead center(bottom dead center)
上止点前 budc(before upper dead center)
上止点后 atdc(after top dead cetner)
下止点前 bbdc(before bottom dead center)
下止点后 abdc(after bottom dead center)
缸径 cylinder bore
缸径与行程 bore and stroke
空气室 energy chamber
气缸余隙容积 cylinder clearance volume
燃烧室容积 combustion chamber volume
气缸最大容积 maximum cylinder volume
压缩室 compression chamber
排气量 displacement
发动机排量 engine displacement
活塞排量 piston swept volume
气缸容量 cylinder capacity
单室容量 single-chamber capacity
容积法 volumetry
压缩比 compression ratio
临界压缩比 critical compression ratio
膨胀比 expansion ratio
面容比 surface to volume ratio
行程缸径比 stroke-bore ratio
混合比 mixture ratio
压缩压力 compression pressure
制动平均有效压力 brake mean effective pressure(bmep)
空燃比 air fuel ratio
燃空比 fuel air ratio
燃料当量比 fuel equivalence ratio
扭矩 torque
单缸功率 power per cylinder
升功率 power per liter
升扭矩 torque per liter
升质量 mass per liter
减额功率 derating power
输出马力 shaft horsepower
马力小时,马力时 horsepower-hour
总马力 gross horse power
总功率 gross power
净功率 net power
燃油消耗量 fuel consumption
比燃料消耗率 specific fuel consumption
空气消耗率 air consumption
机油消耗量 oil consumption
有效马力 net horse power
额定马力 rated horse power
马力重量系数 horsepower-weight factor
制动功率 brake horse power
制动热效率 brake thermal efficiency
总效率 overall efficiency
排烟极限功率 smoke limiting horsepower
功率曲线 power curve
机械损失 mechanical loss
机械效率 mechanical efficiency
有效热效率 effective thermal efficiency
充气系数 volumetric efficiency
过量空气系数 coefficient of excess air
适应性系数 adaptive coefficient
扭矩适应性系数 coefficient of torque adaptibility
转速适应性系数 speed adaptive coefficient
强化系数 coefficient of intensification
校正系数 correction factor
换算系数 conversion factor
活塞平均速度 mean piston speed
发动机转速 engine speed (rotational frequency)
怠速转速 idling speed
经济转速 economic speed
起动转速 starting speed
最低稳定工作转速 lowest continuous speed with load
最大扭矩转速 speed at maximum torque
最高空转转速 maximum no load governed speed
调速 speed governing
超速 overspeed
怠速 idling
转速波动率 speed fluctuation rate
工况 working condition(operating mode)
额定工况 declared working condition
变工况 variable working condition
稳定工况 steady working condition
空载 no-load
全负荷 full load
超负荷 overload
部分负荷 part load
充量(进气)charge
旋转方向 direction of rotation
顺时针 clockwise
逆时针 counter-clockwise
左转 left-hand rotation
右转 right-hand rotation
外径 major diameter
中径 pitch diameter
内径 minor diameter
径向间隙 radial clearance
发动机性能 engine performance
加载性能 loading performance
起动性能 starting performance
加速性能 acceleration performance
动力性能 power performance
排放性能 emission performance
空转特性 no load characteristics
负荷特性 part throttle characteristics
调速特性 governor control characteristics
万有特性 mapping characteristics
稳定调速率 steady state speed governing rate
气缸体和气缸盖 cylinder block and head
气缸体 cylinder block
整体铸造 cast inblock (cast enblock)
发动机罩 engine bonnet
气缸体加强筋 engine block stiffening rib
气缸 cylinder
(转子机)缸体 stator
缸径 cylinder bore
气缸体机架 cylinder block frame
气缸盖 cylinder head
配气机构箱 valve mechanism casing
气缸体隔片 cylinder spacer
气缸盖密封环 cylinder head ring gasket
气缸盖垫片 cylinder head gasket
气缸套 cylinder liner(cylinder sleeve)
干式缸套 dry cylinder liner
湿式缸套 wet cylinder liner
气缸水套 water jacket
膨胀塞 expansion plug
防冻塞 freeze plug
气缸壁 cylinder wall
环脊 ring ridge
排气口 exhaust port
中间隔板 intermediate bottum
导板 guideway
创成半径(转子机)generating radius
缸体宽度(转子机)operating width
机柱 column
燃烧室 combustion chamber
主燃烧室 main combustion chamber
副燃烧室 subsidiary combustion chamber
预燃室 prechamber
涡流燃烧室 swirl combustion chamber
分开式燃烧室 divided combustion chamber
涡流式燃烧室 turbulence combustion chamber
半球形燃烧室 hemispherical combustion chamber
浴盆形燃烧室 bathtub section combustion chamber
l形燃烧室 l-combustion chamber
楔形燃烧室 wedge-section combustion chamber
开式燃烧室 open combustion chamber
封闭喷射室 closed spray chamber
活塞顶内燃烧室 piston chamber
爆发室 explosion chamber
燃烧室容积比 volume ratio of combustion cahmber
燃烧室口径比 surface-volume ratio of combustion chamber
通道面积比 area ratio of combustion chamber passage
曲轴箱通气口 crankcase breather
凸轮轴轴承座 camshaft bearing bush seat
定时齿轮室罩 camshaft drive(gear)cover
曲轴箱检查孔盖 crankcase door
曲轴箱防爆门 crankcase explosion proof door
主轴承盖 main bearing cap
气缸盖罩 valve mechanism cover
飞轮壳 flywheel cover
扫气储器 scavenging air receiver
活塞 piston
裙部开槽活塞 split skirt piston
u形槽活塞 u-slot piston
滚花修复活塞 knurled piston
圆顶活塞 dome head piston
平顶活塞 flat head piston
凸顶活塞 crown head piston(convex head piston)
凹顶活塞 concave head piston
阶梯顶活塞 step-head piston
筒形活塞 trunk piston
椭圆形活塞 oval piston
抗热变形活塞 autothermic piston
不变间隙活塞 constant clearance piston
镶因瓦钢片活塞 invar strut piston
直接冷却式活塞 direct-cooled piston
间接冷却式活塞 indirect cooled piston
滑裙活塞 slipper piston
活塞速度 piston speed
活塞顶部 piston head
活塞裙部 piston skirt
整体活塞裙 solid skirt
活塞裙扩大衬簧 piston skirt expander
滑履式活塞裙 slipper skirt
隔热槽 heat dam
活塞标记 piston mark
活塞销 piston pin
活塞销孔 piston pin boss
活塞销衬套 piston pin bushing
全浮式活塞销 full-floating piston pin
半浮式活塞销 semifloating piston pin
固定螺钉式活塞销 set screw piston pin
活塞环 piston ring
组合式活塞环 compound piston ring
同心活塞环 concentric piston ring
偏心活塞环 eccentric piston ring
自由环 free ring
闭合环 closed ring
梯形环 keystone ring
半梯形环 half keystone ring
矩形环 rectangular ring
油环 oil control ring
开槽油环 slotted oil control ring
螺旋弹簧加载双坡口油环 coil spring loaded slotted oil control ring
涨环 expander
双坡口油环 double bevelled oil control ring
内上坡口 internal bevel top
内下坡口 internal bevel bottom
边缘坡口油环 bevelled-ege oil control ring
刮油环 scrapper ring
钩形环 napier ring
镀铬活塞环 chrome plated piston ring
活塞衬环 piston ring expander
活塞环槽 piston ring groove
活塞环区 ring zone
活塞环岸 piston ring land
活塞环内表面 back of ring
曲柄连杆机构 connecting rod
中心曲柄连杆机构 central-located connecting rod
偏心曲柄连杆机构 offset connecting rod
铰接曲柄边杆机构 hinged connecting rod
连杆 connecting rod
连杆小头 connecting rod small end
连杆大头 connnecting rod big end
连杆杆身 connecting rod shank
副连杆 slave connecting rod
叉形连杆 fork-and-blade connecting rod
主连杆 main connecting rod
方形连杆 boxed rod
绞链式连杆 hinged type connecting rod
活节式连杆 articulated connecting rod
连杆盖 connecting rod cap
连杆轴承 connecting rod bearing
曲轴 crankshaft
整体式曲轴 one-piece crankshaft
组合式曲轴 assembled crankshaft
右侧曲轴 right-hand crankshaft
左侧曲轴 left-hand crankshaft
改变行程的曲轴 stroked crankshaft
曲轴前端 crankshaft front end
曲轴主轴颈 crankshaft main journal
轴颈重叠度 shaft journal overlap
圆角 fillet
主轴承 main bearing
曲轴止推轴承 crankshaft thrust bearing
薄臂轴瓦 thin wall bearing shell
曲轴油道 crankshaft oil passage
曲柄 crank
曲柄臂 crank arm
曲柄销 crank pin
轴套 bush
曲柄转角 crank angle
曲柄半径 crank radius
抛油圈 oil slander
角度轮 degree wheel
动平衡机 dynamic balancer
平衡重 balancer weight
扭振减振器 torshional vibration damper
扭振平衡器 torsion balancer
谐振平衡器 harmonic balancer
振动平衡器 vibration balancer
曲轴链轮 crankshaft sprocket
转子轴颈 rotor journal
偏心轴 eccentric shaft
曲轴箱 crankcase
闭式曲轴箱通风装置 closed-crankcase ventilating system
飞轮 flywheel
飞轮齿圈 flywheel ring gear
飞轮芯棒 cantilever
飞轮芯轴 flywheel spindle
飞轮的惯量矩 flywheel moment of inertia
飞轮标记 flywheel mark
当量系统 equivalent system
当量轴长 equivalent shaft length
一级往复惯性力 reciprocating inertia force,1st order
二级往复贯性力 reciprocating inertia force, 2nd order
离心惯性力 centrifugal inertia force
配气机构 valve gear
凸轮轴 camshaft
凸轮 cam
整体式凸轮轴 one-piece camshaft
组合式凸轮轴 assembled camshaft
凸轮轴驱动机构 camshaft drive
赛车用凸轮轴 race camshaft
凸轮轴轴颈 camshaft bearing journal
凸轮轴轴承 camshaft bearing
凸轮轴偏心轮 camshaft eccentric
凸轮轴链轮 camshaft sprocket
凸轮轴正时齿轮 camshaft timing gear
凸轮轴齿轮 camshaft gear wheel
进口凸轮 inlet cam
排气凸轮 exhaust cam
快升凸轮 quick lift cam
快升缓降凸轮 quick lift gradual clsing cam
凸轮轮廓 cam contour
凸轮包角 cam angle
凸轮升程 cam-lobe lift
凸轮尖 cam nose
凸轮从动件 cam follower
齿轮传动机构 gear drive
正时齿轮 timing gear
链传动机构 chain drive
链轮 sprocket wheel
链轮盘 chain sprocket
正时链条 timing chain
带齿皮带 toothed timing belt
链条张紧轮 chain tension gear
半速齿轮 half speed gear
正时齿轮刻印记号 timing gear punch mark
气门 valve
进气过程 intake process
换气过程 gas exchange process
扫气过程 scavenging process
给气比 delivery ratio
分层充气 stratified charge
充量系数 volumetric efficiency
涡流比 swirl rate
进气涡流 intake swirl
螺旋进气道进气 helical duct intake
导流屏式气门进气 masked valve intake
切向进气道进气 tangential duct intake
进气紊流 intake trubulence
进气提前角 intake advance angle
进气持续角 intake duration angle
进气迟后角 intake lag angle
进面值 time-area value
气门升程 valve lift
气门正时 valve timing
扫气口面积 scavenging port area
菌形气门 mashroom valve, poppet valve
钠冷却气门 sodium filled valve(natrium cooled valve)
双气门 dual valve
进气门 intake valve (suction valve,inlet valve)
排气门 exhaust valve
顶置气门 overhead valve
侧置气门 side valve
倾斜气门 inclined overhead valve
直立气门 vertical overhead valve
套筒式滑阀 sleeve valve
气门机构 valve gear
直接式气门驱动机构 direct valve gear
间接式气门驱动机构 indirect valve gear
气门杆 valve stem
加大气门杆 oversize valve stem
气门头 valve head
气门工作面 valve face
气门边限 valve margin
气门弹簧座 valve-spring retainer
气门锁片 valve key
气门间隙调节螺钉 valve lash adjusting screw
气门旋转器 valve rotator
气门室 valve cage
气门油封 valve oil seal
气门口 valve port
气门座 valve seat
气门座镶圈(嵌镶式气门座圈) valve seat insert(valve seat ring)
气门座锥角 valve seat angle
气门座宽度 valve seat width
气门挺杆 valve tappet(valve lifter)
液力挺杆 hydraulic tappet(lifter)
无间隙挺杆 zero-rush tappet (non-clearance tappet)
筒形挺杆 barrel type tappet
油压挺杆 ooil tappet
滚轮挺杆 roller tappet(lifter)
挺杆转位 tappet rotation
排气门挺杆 exhaust valve lifter
气门导管 valve guide
气门杆导管 stem guide
气门重叠度 stem overlap
气门开启持续时间 valve duration
气门正时标记 valve timing sign
气门弹簧 valve spring
气门内弹簧 inner valve spring
气门外弹簧 outer valve spring
刚性缓冲弹簧 stiff buffer spring
上紧弹簧 energizing spring
防振气门弹簧 non-surging spring
弹簧座圈 spring retainer
蝶形弹簧 belleville spring
滚柱 roller
气门室盖 valve chamber cover
摇臂 rocker arm
高升程摇臂 high lift rocker arm
摇臂轴 rocker arm shaft
推杆 push-rod
摇臂支架 rocker arm bracket
气门摇臂室罩 valve rocker chamber cover
导向轮 guide wheel
导杆 slide bar
导轨 slide rail
张紧轮 tensioning wheel
链条张紧调节装置 assembly chain tension adjuster
张紧带轮 tensioning pulley
传动带张紧装置 belt tensioner
同步驱动皮带 synchronous belt
同步驱动皮轮 synchronous belt pulley
供油系 fuel system
控制燃烧系统 controlled combustion system
反湿气装置 antipercolator
电子燃油喷射 electronic fuel injection
蒸气回收装置 vapor recovery system
燃油蒸气回收系统 fuel vapor recovery system
液体回收装置 liquid withdrawal system
恒量净化管 constant purge line
碳罐净化管 canister purge line
供油量 fuel delivery
循环供油量 fuel delivery per cycle
额定供油量 rated fuel delivery
怠速供油量 idling speed fuel delivery
供油规律 fuel supply rate curve
油量调节装置 fuel control unit
供油提前角 fuel supply advance angle
进油计量 inlet metering
几何供油行程 geometric fuel delivery stroke
供油率 fuel supply rate
燃油通道 fuel gallery
有效行程 effective stroke
剩余行程 remainder stroke
变行程计量 variable stroke metering
等容卸载 constant volume unloading
变容卸载 variable volume unloading
收缩容积 retraction volume
燃油喷油装置 fuel injection equipment
燃油喷射泵 fuel injection pump
滚轮式燃油喷射泵 roll fuel injection pump
凸轮轴式燃油喷射泵 camshaft fuel injection pump
直列式燃油喷射泵 in-line fuel injection pump
伺服式燃油喷射泵 servo fuel injection pump
底部突缘安装燃油喷射泵 base flanged mounted fuel injection pump
上部安装燃油喷射泵 high flanged-mounted fuel injection pump
侧向安装燃油喷射泵 side-mounted fuel injection pump
端部突缘安装式燃油喷射泵 end flange-mounted fuel injection pump
v形燃油喷射泵 vee fuel injection pump
脉动式燃油喷射泵 jerk fuel injection pump
螺纹安装燃油喷射泵 screw-mounted fuel injection pump
蓄能式燃油喷射泵 accumulator fuel injection pump
往复式燃油喷射泵 reciprocating fuel injection pump
驱动轴式燃油喷射泵 driveshaft fuel injection pump
单缸式燃油喷射泵 single cylinder fuel injection pump
圆柱式燃油喷射泵 cylindrical fuel injection pump
旋转式燃油喷射泵 rotary fuel injection pump
分配式燃油喷射泵 distributor fuel injection pump
多缸燃油喷射泵 multicylinder fuel injection pump
框架安装式燃油喷射泵 cradle mounted injection pump
喷油始点 fuel injection beginning
喷油终点 fuel injection end
喷油持续角 fuel injection duration angle
喷油延迟 injection delay
引燃喷射 pilot injection
启喷压力 injection starting pressure
峰值喷油扭矩 peak injection torque
峰值喷油压力 peak injection pressure
喷油泵油缸数目 number of cylinders of an injection pump
无气喷射 solid injection
喷射正时 injection timing
集中喷射 group injection
喷油器 injector
整体式喷油器 unit injector
喷嘴 nozzle
轴针式喷嘴 pintle type nozzle
环槽式喷嘴 annular slot nozzle
孔式喷嘴 hole type nozzle
长杆喷嘴 long stem nozzle
孔板式喷嘴 orifice plate nozzle
开式喷嘴 open nozzle
闭式喷嘴 closed nozzle
喷油提前器 timing advance unit
喷射泵壳体 injection pump housing
针阀 needle
芯轴 central spindle
喷嘴壳体 nozzle body
针阀升程 needle lift
喷嘴盖形螺母 nozzle cap nut
喷油器壳体 nozzle holder
突缘安装喷油器壳体 flanged-mounted injection nozzle holder
燃油喷射泵传动装置 transmision of an injection pump
喷嘴锥体 nozzle hole cone
柱塞 plunger
柱塞套 barrel
柱塞行程 plunger stroke
喷孔 spray orifice
海拔控制器 altitude control
提前器飞锤 flyweight
喷孔长径比 ratio of nozzle hole length nozzle diameter
喷嘴液动力特性 nozzle hydrokinetic characteristics
动态相位 dynamic phase
喷孔面积 nozzle hole area
喷嘴流通特性 nozzle flow characteristic
喷油背压 injection back pressure
高压油管 high pressure pipe
平均喷油扭矩 mean injection torque
喷油总效率 overall pumping efficiency
峰值喷油压力 injection peak pressure
预行程 prestroke
收缩行程 retraction stroke
燃油箱 fuel tank
油箱盖 fuel tank
油位表 fuel level gauge
注油控制装置 fill control system
汽油箱 gasoline tank( petrol tank)
汽油供给管 gasoline feed pipe
加油管 filler tube
放油螺塞 drain plug
吸油管 suction pipe
刚性燃油管 rigid fuel pipe
进油孔 fuel feed hole
供油管 supply pipe
通气管 bleeding pipe
通气管 bleeding pipe
泄油阀 spill valve
泄油孔口 spill port
进油阀 inlet valve
最大油量限制器 maximum fuel stop
滴油 dribble
燃油表 fuel gauge
输油泵 feed pump
燃油泵 fuel pump
附装燃油箱中的电动燃油泵 tank-mounted eletric fuel pump
机械式燃油泵 mechanical fuel pump
膜片式燃油泵 diaphragm fuel supply pump
叶片式供油泵 vane fuel supply pump
活塞式输油泵 piston type fuel supply pump
齿轮式输油泵 gear fuel supply pump
电动燃油泵 eletric fuel pump
带真空泵的汽油泵 vacuum pump with fuel pump
起动加油器 primer
起动给油杆 primer lever
燃油泵上体 fuel pump body
燃油泵下体 fuel pump base
燃油泵盖 bowl cover
进油口接头 fuel inlet neck
出油口接头 fuel discharge port
输出阀 delivery valve
泵油元件 pump element
回油阀部件 fuel return valve assembly
化油器 carburetor
化油器系统 carburetor circuit
简单化油器 elementary carburetor
单腔化油器 single-barrel carburetor
双腔并动化油器 two-barrel dual carburetor
双腔分动化油器 two-barrel duplex carburetor
四腔化油器 four-barrel carburetor
上吸式化油器 updaught carburetor
下吸式化油器 downdraught carburetor
平吸式化油器 horizontal carburetor
侧吸式化油器 side-draft-carburetor
高海拔补偿式化油器 altitude compensating carburetor
化油器附加器 adaptor carburetor
双腔式化油器 twin-choke carburetor
固定喉管式化油器 fixed venturi carburetor
可变喉管化油器 variable venturi carburetor
化油器接头 carburetor adaptor
阻风门 choke valve
阻风活塞 choke piston
阻风板 choke plate
自动阻风门 automatic choke
阻风门拉钮 choke button
电控自动阻风门 electric-assisted choke
阻风管 choke tube
喉管 venturi
双重或三重喉管 double & triple venturi
阻风门拉线 choke cable
化油器小喉管 booster venturi
浮子系 float system
浮子 float
环形浮子 annular float
同心式浮子 concentric float
浮子支销 float hinge pin
浮子针阀 float needle valve
阀针 valve needle
浮子油面 float level
浮子臂 float arm
侧置浮子室式 side float type
怠速阀 idle valve
怠速针阀 idle needle
省油器 economizer
省油器阀 economizer valve
辅助空气阀 auxiliary air-valve
加速油井 accelerating well
加速泵 accelerating pump
加速泵喷嘴 accelerating pump nozzle
油门 throttle
手油门 hand throttle
节气门操纵手柄 throttle control lever
真空加浓器 vacuum booster
加浓器 excess fuel device
量孔体 jet block
怠速量孔 idle metering jet
主量孔 main metering jet
剂量阀活塞 dosage valve piston
空气量孔 air jet
燃油滤清器 fuel filter
沉淀杯 sediment bowl
串联过滤器 in-line filter
燃油箱内装过滤器 in-tank filter
调速器 governor
飞球式调速器 flyball governor
调速器 governor
飞球式调速器 flyball governor
液压调速器 hydraulic governor
真空转速调速器 vacuum speed governor
惯性调速器 inertia governor
离心调速器 centrifugal governor
调速器重锤 governor weight
空气滤清器及进排气系统 air cleaner and intake and exhaust sytem
空气滤清器 air filter
冲压式空气滤清器 ram air clearner
恒温控制式空气滤清器 thermostatic controlled air cleaner
油浴式空气滤清器 oil bath air cleaner
纸质空气滤 清器 paper air clearner
旋流管式空气滤清器 swirl tube air filter
滤清器滤芯 filter element
空气滤清器壳体 air filter housing
空气滤清器盖 air filter cover
滤清器密封圈 filter seal ring
滤网 sieve
滤纸盘或膜 filter paper disc or membrane
进气和排气系统 intake and exhaust system
排气管 exhaust pipe
排气抽气管 exhaust extraction duct
扫气泵 scavenging pump
进气预热装置 intake preheater
进气歧管 intake manifold
进气歧管真空度 intake manifold vacuum
冷式进气歧管 cold manifold
冲压式进气歧管 ram intake manifold
排气歧管 exhaust manifold
脉冲式排气歧管 pulse exhaust manifold
等压排气歧管 constant pressrue exhaust manifold
排气歧管热量控制阀 exhaust manifold heat control valve
超高度歧管 high-rise manifold
升温横跨管道 heat crossover
排气横跨管道 exhaust crossover
预热点 hot spot
阻风门加热器 choke heater
热空气导流管 hot air duct
隔热板 heat shield
排气再循环阀 exhaust -gas-recirculation
消声器 silencer
进气消声器 intake silencer
排气消声器 exhaust silencer
金属垫片式消声器 steel pack muffler
玻璃丝消声器 glass pack muffler
空洞消声器 gutted muffler
前排气管 front exhaust pipe
尾管 tail pipe
消声器联接管 intermediate pipe
热空气管 hot air pipe
曲轴箱通风管 crankcase bleed pipe
隔声罩 acoustic hood
进气消声器元件 silencer element
真空泵 vacuum pump
指示功率 indicated power
指示热效率 indicated thermal efficiency
指示油耗率 indicated specific energy consumption
示功图 indicator diagram
冷却系 cooling system
风冷 air cooling
水冷 water-cooling
循环流冷却系 cooling recovery system
自然循环液冷却系统 natural circulation type cooling system
热流循环液冷却系统 thermo-siphon circulation type cooling system
温差循环液冷却系统 gravity circulation water cooling system
压力式水冷却系统 positive circulation cooling system
加压式冷却法 pressure type cooling
水泵循环冷却系统 pump circulation cooling system
强制循环式化冷系统 forced-feed water circulation system
封闭式液冷系统 sealed cooling system
散热器 radiator
片式散热器 finned radiator
管式散热器 tubular radiator
蜂窝式散热器 cellular radiator
哈里逊式散热器 harrison type radiator
带板式散热器 ribbon type radiator
上水箱 upper tank
下水箱 lower tank
涨溢箱 expansion tank
散热器芯 radiator core
之字形管散热器芯 film core
管-片式散热器芯 fin and tube core
散热器加水口盖 radiator filter cap
压力式水箱盖 radiator-pressure cap
蒸气-空气泄放阀 vapor-air release valve
散热器护罩 radiator cowl
散热器百叶窗 radiator shutter
散热器保温帘 radiator roller blind
散热片 cooling fin
缸盖散热片 cylinder head fin
缸体散热片 cylinder block fin
控温装置 temperature regulating device
恒温器 thermostat
恒温器主阀 thermostat main valve
恒温器旁通阀 thermostat by-pass valve
恒温器挠性波纹筒 thermostat flexible bellows
液体冷却设备 liquid cooling equipment
水泵 water pump
水泵体 pump casing
水泵叶轮 water pump impeller
旁通进水口 water by-pass inlet neck
循环泵 circulating pump
主进水口 water main inlet port
出水口 water outlet port
自调式水封 self-adjusting seal unit
溢流管 overflow pipe
导流板 deflector
风扇 fan(blower)
轴流式风扇 axial flow fan
离心式风扇 centrifugal fan
风扇壳体 blower casing
风扇导流罩 fan cowl
风扇毂 fan hub
风扇叶片 fan blade
风扇叶轮 blower impeller
风扇导流定子 blower stator
风扇皮带轮 fan pulley
三角皮带 v-belt
风扇护罩 fan shroud
风扇叶轮叶片 impeller vane
冷却用空气 cooling air
风扇导流叶片 stator vane
强制风冷 forced-air cooling
自然风冷 natural air cooling
风道 air ducting
润滑系 lubrication system
润滑 lubrication
气缸上部润滑 upper cylinder lubrication
压力润滑 pressure-feed lubrication
压力润滑法 forced lubrication
自动润滑 automatic lubrication
飞溅润滑 splash lubrication
润滑周期 lubrication interval
边界润滑 borderline lubrication
曲轴箱机油油盘 crankcase oil pan
油底壳 oil pan
机油盘放油塞 sump plug
集油器 oil collector
机油泵 oil pump
计量式机油泵 metering oil pump
齿轮式机油泵 gear type oil pump
转子式机油泵 rotor-type oil pump
机油泵出油管 oil pump outlet pipe
放油口 oil drain hole
油道 oil duct
断油开关 cut-off cock
机油散热器 oil cooler
机油滤清器 oil filter
机油粗滤器 primary oil filter
机油精滤器 secondary oil filter
全流式机油滤清器 full-flow oil filter
分流式机油滤清器 by-pass oil filter
离心式机油滤清器 centrifugal oil filter
整体式滤芯 integral filtering element
细滤器滤芯 filter element
滤清器壳 filter box
滤片 filtering disc
机油减压器 oil pressure relief valve
旁通阀 by-pass oil filter
机油滤网 oil strainer
加机油孔 oil filter cap
滤芯轴 filter shaft
刮片组件 cleaning edge
机油量尺 dipstick
机油滤网 oil strainer
增压器 supercharger
增压和扫气装置 pressure-charging and scavenging unit
增压装置 supercharging device
涡轮增压器 turbo-charger
气波增压器 comprex pressure wave supercharger
增压器阻风阀 supercharger blast gate
增压器调节容气量的旁通阀 supercharger control bypass
增压器叶轮 supercharger impeller
惯性增压 inertia supercharging
机械增压 mechanical supercharging
涡轮增压 turbo-charging
增压比 supercharge ratio
增压压力 boost pressure
增压中冷 inter-cooling
中冷度 inter-cooling level
增压度 supercharging level
喘振 surge
喘振线 surge line
轴流式涡轮 axial-flow turbine
脉冲进气 ram charging
发动机试验 engine test
发动机试验规程 engine test procedure
发动机技术要求 engine technical requirements
标准大气状况 standard atmospheric conditions
大气压力 atmospheric pressure
进气温度 inlet air temperature
进气温度 inlet air temperature
功率校正 power correction
功率标定 power rating
功率换算 power conversion
校正系数 correction factor
换算系数 performance test
性能试验 performance test
起动性能试验 starting ability test
怠速试验 idle running test
道路负荷试验 road load test
各缸工作均匀性试验 cylinder variation test
背压试验 back pressure test
最低稳定工作转速试验 lowest continuous speed test with load
背部泄漏试验 back-leakage test
调整试验 adjustment test
热平衡试验 heat balance test
快速磨损试验 accelerated wear test
热冲击试验 thermo-shock test
空载特性试验 no-load characteristic test
模拟增压试验 simulated supercharging test
停缸试验 cylinder fuel-cut test
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