河南省郑州市2018届高中毕业班第一次质量检测

2024-07-09

河南省郑州市2018届高中毕业班第一次质量检测(精选4篇)

篇1:河南省郑州市2018届高中毕业班第一次质量检测

2018年高中毕业年级第一次质量预测

语文试题卷

注意事项:

1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、现代文阅读(35分)

(一)论述类文本阅读(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成1-3题。

中国古代儒家对道德情感的培养有很多深刻的论述,孟子便对道德情感,尤其是恻隐之心做了细致的阐述。他认为人皆有恻隐之心,并以“孺子将入于井”为例,说明任何一个路遇此事的人都会对将要掉入井里的孩子产生同情,这种同情并非为了结交孩子父母,也不是为了邀誉于乡党朋友。由此看来,恻隐之心是纯然的善,是无条件地具有道德价值的。

这意味着,儒家学者不会同意卢梭的认为同情心源自爱的观点。按儒家的观点,恻隐与自爱截然不同,两者之间没有因果或源流的关系。恻隐固然也需要对自身感受的关切,因为恻隐之心是经由的痛苦而感知他人的痛苦,但用自爱却无法解释一个人为什么一定要从自己推及他人,同情他人的痛苦,更无法解释那种自我奉献的意愿和行为。

那么,恻隐是人类道德的源头吗?概括地讲,可以这么说,但还需要做些具体分析。完整意义上的道德包括三种现象—一道德心理、道德行为、道德知识。对道德心理而言,恻隐之心无疑是其原始的最重要的组成部分,并推动着其扩展和深化;对道德行为而言,恻隐只是一种最初的动力,且不一定是最主要的动力;对于道德知识来说,恻隐则是形成它们的最原始也最微弱的动力,必须经过理性的中介才能起作用。恻隐之心是道德最初的涓涓细流,虽不汹涌澎湃,但却源源不断。人类历史上虽不乏以所谓“原则”“主义”扼制甚至消灭恻隐之心的企图,但最终都归于失败。在一个基本的底饯上,我们甚至可以说恻隐之心绝对无误。“原则”“主义”可能会出错,会忘记生命的根本,而恻隐之心对待生命的基本状态却不会出错,它是人类道德乃至全部文明的最后一道防线。如果连这一防线也守不住,如果人类连起码的恻隐之心也丧失殆尽,那就很难想象人类会成为什么样子。当然,从另一方面看,作为源头,恻隐之心还有必要发展,它不能满足和停留自身。它最主要的发展当然是和理性结合,使单鈍个人主观的恻隐之心转向普遍客观的道德理性,使人治转向法治。

在当今的社会,理性规则、道德义务都是必要的,但规则和义务并不是道德的全部,道德并不仅仅是规则和义务的普遍履行,我们还需要人与人人之间的一种深厚同情。它会让规则与义务不至于硬化干枯,会提醒我们道德与生命的深刻联系。道德也会与时俱进,只要人

篇2:河南省郑州市2018届高中毕业班第一次质量检测

第I卷(选择题)

一、选择题

当太阳位于地平线下,且高度角在地平线下18°以内时,天空依然会有不同程度的光亮,这种现象发生在午夜与日出之间时称为曙光,而发生在日落至午夜之间时则称为暮光。读漠河(53°N)某日太阳视运动示意图,完成下列问题。

1.该日最接近

A.春分

B.夏至

C.秋分

D.冬至 2.此日,该地暮光的持续时间为

A.3小时

B.3小时16分

C.3小时32分

D.4小时

读2017年12月6日14时我国局部地区近地面等压线分布图(单位:hPa);完成下列问题。

3.此时,下列城市中风向为偏南风的是

A.兰州

B.郑州

C.成都

D.广州 4.形成甲天气系统的主导因素是

A.纬度位置

B.海陆分布

C.地形

D.植被覆盖率 5.受甲天气系统影响,贵阳比昆明

A.气压低

B.气温低

C.降水少

D.云量少

我国某湖泊原有面积为1416km2,由于人为增加湖泊深度,湖面水位降低,其面积减小为239 km2。读该湖水平衡表,完成下列问题。

6.该地区最可能位于

A.东北地区

B.东南地区

C.西北地区

D.西南地区

(1)说明阿萨勒湖盐度高的主要原因。

(2)分析2015年以前阿萨勒湖没有进行规模化工业开发的主要原因。(3)简述中吉盐湖合作开发对吉布提的有利影响。28.阅读图文材料,完成下列问题。

计算机数据中心由规模庞大的存储服务器和通信设备组成,用于网络在线存储企业的海量数据。数据中心占地面积大、耗电量大,机房服务器运行产生大量废热会影响数据中心的正常运作。

宁夏中卫市(位置见图12)靠近中国陆地的几何重心,气候干旱、冬冷夏凉、大风日数多、年平均气温约为8.8℃。近年来,中卫着力打造国家战略数据安全储备基地,搭建世界级的数据中心集群。2015年亚马逊将全球第10个数据中心布置在中卫市,随后微软、阿里巴巴等都在中卫建设数据中心。

(1)说出中卫数据中心可利用的清洁能源。(2)分析中卫建设计算机数据中心的优势条件。

(3)有人反对在宁夏进行大规模数据中心建设。试推测其原因。29.阅读图文材料,完成下列问题。

篇3:河南省郑州市2018届高中毕业班第一次质量检测

第1卷(选择题 共48分)

一、单项选择题(在每小题所列的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。每小题2分,共48分。)1.2017年7月以来,广州、杭州等1 0多个城市进行“租购同权”改革试点,租房者可以凭借合法的租房合同,在就学、就医等方面享受与购房者几乎相同的便利。假定其它条件不变,这一改革对试点城市商品房销售市场带来的最直接影响用下图(P、Q、D、S、E分别为价格、数量、需求曲线、供给曲线、均衡点)

表示正确的为()

2.近五年,我国城镇居民恩格尔系数从20 1 2年的31.4%下降至2016年的29.3%,农村居民恩格尔系数从2012年的37.5%下降至2016年的32.2%。由此可以推断出我国()

①城乡居民可支配收入稳步增长 ②城乡居民消费行为越来越理性

③城乡居民食品消费支出不断下降 ④城乡居民消费水平提高,消费结构改善

A.①③ B.②③ C.①④ D.②④

3.企业家是经济活动的重要主体。时代呼唤企业家精神,强化责任担当、遵纪守法,确保各行各业

始终贯彻正确发展理忿,服务经济社会发展大局。激发和保护企业家精神,政府应该()

①建立长效机制,依法平等保护各种经济产权

②承担社会责任,追求经济效益与社会效益的统一

③依靠科技进步,提高企业和整个社会的资源利用率

④培育创新精神,营造激励企业家干事创业的社会环境

A.①③ B.②③ C.②④ D.①④

4.2017年我国继续深化收入分配制度改革,扩大国有科技型企业股权期权和分红等激励政策实施范围,放宽实施条件,完善股权激励和技术人股相关所得税政策。这一举措()

①贯彻了按劳分配的原则,保障劳动者获得稳定收益

②尊重了知识、人才和创造,鼓励劳动者创新创业

③注重提高生产效率,提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重

④完善了按生产要素分配的体制机制,激发劳动者的积极性

A.①② B.①③ C.②④ D.③④

5.党的十九大报告指出,要健全货币政策和宏观审慎政策双支柱调控框架,以保持币值稳定和维护金融系统的稳定,守住不发生系统性金融风险的底线。下列举措符合双支柱调控框架要求有()

①全面禁止跨境资金流动 ②提高金融杠杆率,支持企业发展

③实施差别化的房贷利率调控政策 ④全面叫停网贷平台“校园贷”业务

A.①② B.①④ C.②③ D.③④

6.2017年12月,北京、天津、山西等省市加入了水资源税改革试点。水资源税改革采取了差别征税政策,在总体不增加企业和居民正常生产生活用水负担的基础上,对超采区取用地下水、超计划用水加倍征税。水资源税改革的主要目的是()

①抑制不合理用水需求,促进水资源:寺了约与保护 ②扩大行为税的征税范围,增加国家财政收入

③形成可持续的发展方式和绿色生活方式

④发挥税收在水资源配置中的决定性作用 A.①② B.①③ C.②④ D.③④

7.2017年12月,美国总统特朗普签署了美国历史上最大规模的税改法案,将企业所得税率从35%降至21070。美国税收政策的调整在对本国产生影响的同时,也会产生“外溢效应”,影响中国经济。若不考虑其他因素,美国税改法案对中国经济的影响路径最可能是()

①深化改革,激发中国经济发展内生动力 ②加速国际金融和产业资本流向美国

③加大中国金融波动和经济下行的压力 ④降低成本,提高美国企业盈利能力

A.①→④→②→③ B.④→①→②→③ C.①→③→④→② D.④→②→③→①

8.当前,我国要以“一带一路”建设为重点,坚持“引进来”和“走出去”并重,遵循共商共建共享原则,加强创新能力开放合作,形成陆海内外联动、东西双向互济的开放格局,拓展对外贸易,培育贸易新业态新模式,推进贸易强国建设。为此,我国应该()①优化营商环境,全面取消外商直接投资的准入门槛

②顺应经济全球化趋势,以积极主动的开放战略作为立足点

③积极开拓国际市场,完善互利共赢多元平衡的开放型经济体系

④促进加工贸易转型,培育以技术品牌服务为核心的出口竞争优势

A.①② B.①③ C.③④ D.②④

9.为深人推进农村建设,某县试点实施农村干部职业化管理。通过“健全村级事务例会、定期报告工作、村干部轮流值班等制度,村干部不单设办公室,在村便民服务中心值班上班,为群众提供全天候服务等措施”,进一步健全完善了村级组织的运行规则.这一探索意义在于()

①增强基层民主管理的能力和水平②扩大村干部服务村民的权利与义务

③方便村民对村干部行政权力的监督 ④推动村组织运行的制度化和规范化

A.①② B.①④ C.②③ D.③④

10.《中华人民共和国统计法实施条例》规定,统计调查中获得的能够识别或者推断单个统计调查对象身份的资料应当依法严格管理,除作为统计执法依据外,不得直接作为对统计调查对象实施行政许可、行政处罚等具体行政行为的依据,不得用于完成统计任务以外的目的。这一规定()

①规范了政府权力,促进统计数据的依法使用

②尊重和保障了人权,维护被调查对象的合法权益

③坚持了权责统一,依法打击统计信息泄密的违法行为

④增强了统计工作的透明度,保障统计数据真实可靠

A.①② B.①④ C.②③ D.③④

11.中国共产党坚持全面从严治党,勇于自我革命。从严治党,要求加强和规范党内生活,加强党内监督,严明党的纪律,始终保持党同人民群众的血肉联系。做好这项工作有利于()

①加强对权力的制约和监督,提高党的执政能力 ②党坚持依法执政,切实履行社会管理职能

③加强党性修养,发挥党员的战斗堡垒作用 ④坚持执政为民,夯实党的执政基础

A.①② B.②③ C.①④ D.③④

12.2017年5月1日,内蒙古自治区成立70周年。70年来,各族人民在这片土地上共享发展成果,向世界表明了民族区域自治这一“中国模式”的厚重、坚实与珍贵。下列对民族区域自治表述正确的是()A.民族区域自治制度的核心内容是自治权 B.民族区域自治制度是我国的根本政治制度 C.民族区域自治是我国处理民族关系的原则 D.民族区域自治在各少数民族居住的地方实行 13.根据中共中央确定的《关于在全国各地推开国家监察体制改革试点方案》,十二届全国人大常委会第三十次会议表决通过《关于在全国各地推开国家监察体制改革试点工作的决定》。这表明()

A.中国共产党领导一切工作 B.全国人大常委会行使最高决定权

C.全国人大常委会是中共中央的执行机关 D.中共中央在我国国家机构中居于最高地位 14.蔚为壮观的古建筑群、院藏的珍品文物、景泰蓝工艺精品和制作工艺、借助新技术的文物修复技艺……,美国总统特朗普在参观故宫期间不时驻足凝望、仔细品味,并发出由衷赞叹。这说明()

①中国历史文化对人的影响难以抹去 ②文化氛围时刻影响着人的思想和行为

③科学技术丰富了中国历史文化的内涵 ④科学技术革新了传统文化保护的手段

A.①③ B.①④ C.②③ D.②④

15.甲骨文是我国发现最早的文献记录,是距今三千多年的商代后期用于占卜祈祷的文字。作为研究汉字原初构形与汉语言语法最早形态的重要素材,甲骨文已成功人选《世界记忆名录》。保护甲骨文旨在()①佐证申华悠久灿烂的文明 ②展示世界文化的异彩纷呈 ③集中表达中华民族的情感 ④续写人类文化的历史轨迹 A.①② B.①④ C.②③ D.③④ 16.经过半个多世纪筚路蓝缕的创业历程,塞罕坝人在高寒荒漠建成了可绕赤道12圈的世界上最大人工林,为京津构筑起一道坚实的生态屏障,并铸就了“牢记使命、艰苦创业、科学求实、绿色发展”的塞罕坝精神。塞罕坝精神()

①贯穿于中华民族精神的各个方面 ②彰显着中华民族勤劳勇敢的优良品格

③植根于厚重的中华优秀传统文化之中 ④集中体现了中国特色社会主义文化的性质 A.①③ B.①④ C.②③ D.②④

17.为打通公共文化服务的“最后一公里”,我国制定《国家基本公共文化服务指导标准》,加快县级文化馆与图书馆的建设,启动“流动文化车”和“流动图书车”等工程,不断推动优质文化资源向基层乡村延伸。打通公共文化服务“最后一公里”能够()

①促进基本公共文化服务的标准化和均等化 ②提升文化生产力在现代经济格局中的作用

③推动文化惠民项目与群众文化需求的对接 ④推动文化产业成为国民经济的支柱性产业

A.①② B.①③ C.②④ D.③④

18.隐喻是一种“跨域映射”,即通过熟悉的、具象的、已知的领域来认知陌生的、抽象的、未知的领域。在经济话语中常常用“黑天鹅”比喻小概率但影响巨大的事件,用“灰犀牛”比喻大概率且影响巨大的潜在危机。借助动物来隐喻经漭现象,是因为()①动物形象是经济学家科研成果的来源 ②动物的具象性有助于经济认知向本质深入

③动物世界与经济领域间存在着某种相似性 ④人能通过摹写动物来把握经济规律以造福人类

A.①③ B.①④ C.②④ D.②③ 19.生物钟影响人的工作和生活,但是人类对生物钟的工作原理长期不清楚,这一直是科学家探索的课题。三名美国科学家以果蝇为研究对象,揭示了细胞内生物钟的工作机制,解释了许多动植物和人类是如何让生物节律适应昼夜变换的。这一探索过程表明()

①科学研究课题产生于社会实践的需要 ②对生物钟工作原理已经有了终极理解

③发现和发展真理是科学实验永恒的使命 ④科学研究的广度与深度受客观条件的制约

A.①② B.①③ C.②④ D.③④

20.中国特色社会主义进入新时代,我国社会主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾,这是关系全局的历史性变化。从辩证法的观点看,社会主要矛盾的变化意味着我国()

①社会需求和社会生产出现了新的阶段性特点 ②应让补齐民生短板统率经济社会发展的全局

③基本国情已经改变,社会主义迎来质的飞跃 ④经济建设仍是中心工作,但要更注重全面发展

A.①③ B.②③ C.②④ D.①④ 21.80年前,毛泽东同志发表了《矛盾论》。把握《矛盾论》的当代价值要学习掌握事物矛盾运动的基本原理,坚持问题导向,积极面对和化解前进中遇到的一系列新问题、新矛盾。坚持问题导向应()

①承认社会历史就是在解决矛盾中前进的 ②承认新时代的新挑战是事物矛盾问题的精髓

③科学分析各种问题进而找到消灭矛盾的钥匙 ④把化解矛盾作为打开工作局面的突破口

A.①② B.①④ C.②③ D.③④

22.2017年我国在量子计算机研究方面取得了两项突破性成果。一是利用高品质量子点单光子源构建了世界首台超越早期经典计算机的单光子量子计’算机;二是打破了之前纪录,实现了目前世界上最大数目超导量子比特的纠缠,并在超导量子处理器上实现了快速求解线性方程组的量子算法。材料表明()

①要实现科技进步就要有批判和发展 ②推动科技进步必然经历曲折的过程

③没有否定就不会有科技的进步和发展 ④科技创新是以思想观念的创新为先导

A.①③ B.①④ C.②③ D.②④

23.嘉兴南湖红船播下了中国革命的火种,开启了中国共产党的跨世纪航程,我们要结合时代特点大力弘扬以“首创、奋斗、奉献”为主要内涵的红船精神。新时代弘扬“红船精神”的价值在于()①为实现中华民族伟大复兴提供精神支柱 ②为建设社会主义现代化强国提供现实道路

③为人们作出正确的价值选择提供重要向导 ④为衡量党的先进性与纯洁性提供根本标尺

A.①② B.②④ C.①③ D.③④

24.“不要人夸颜色好,只留清气满乾坤。”元代诗人王冕盛赞梅花高风亮节的千古名句富含人生哲理,它给我们的启迪是()

①砥砺自我应坚持正确的理想信念 ②运用社会的尺度来评价自己的人生

③根据人民群众的意愿去创造社会历史 ④在实现个人价值的过程中实现社会价值 A.①② B.①④ C.②③ D.③④

第Ⅱ卷(非选择题 共52分)

二、问答题(本大题有5小题,共52分)25.(6分)阅读材料,完成下列要求

某市政协通过打造“委员e家”平台,采用网上直播方式,分别就促进学前教育发展、互联网+分级诊疗、食品安全监管等社会热点话题邀请市政府分管领导、部门负责人、政协委员、专家学者和群众代表共话共议。网友们只要扫描预告二维码就可全程观看活动直播,并通过网络提问,与委员们进行互动。结合材料,运用政治生活知识说明该市政协打造“委员e家”平台的原因(6分)

26.(8分)阅读材料,完成下列要求

2017年7月,国务院印发《新一代人工智能发展规划》,人工智能发展上升为国家发展战略。新一代人工智能技术,主要由商业需求尤其是互联网需求推动,对传统产业的渗透广度、深度是前所未有的,同时也面临着与产业发展的广泛结合问题。例如跨媒体感知计算技术的发展,将为一系列存在安防需求的行业,如停车场、银行、学校、仓储物流、零售商城等提供人脸识别等智能化应用。作为建设现代化经济体系“动力机”,人工智能将为传统产业尤其是实体经济的变革提供全新视角。结合材料,说明人工智能和传统产业结合发展的经济意义。(8分)27.(1 4分)阅读材料,完成下列要求

党的十九大报告提出,农业、农村、农民问题是关系国计民生的根本性问题,必须始终把 解决好“三农”问题作为全党工作重中之重。材料一 2017年10月,中国“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平及其团队培育的超级杂交稻品种“湘两优90(超优千号)"亩产高达1149.02公斤,创造了世界水稻单产的最新、最高纪录。“良种+良肥”是成功的关键,使用有机硅水溶缓释肥能够调节微碱性土壤,比普通肥料利用率高30%以上,同时采用精细化管理模式,水稻整个生长期并未出现倒伏状况,也未产生大规模病虫害。试验成功后,杂交稻种将会在适宜地方得以推广。

材料二 中国已经是全球第一大农产品进口国和第二大农产品贸易国。农产品贸易发展缓解了我国国内农业资源环境的压力,保障了国内的供给和市场平稳运行,对促进我国对外贸易平衡和有关国家双边贸易关系发展发挥了重要作用。但一些农产品进口也对国内农业造成了不小的冲击,影响到了我国小农户的基本生计。面对未来进口农产品需求的不断增加,需要政府从战略上进行总体布局,变被动进口农产品为主动实施农业“走出去”,特别是加强与“一带一路’’沿线国家和地区的农业贸易合作。

(1)绪合材料一,运用市场机制知识,分析杂交水稻技术创新对粮食需求的影响。(6分)

(2)结合材料二,运用政治生活知识说明我国政府应该如何加强与“一带一路”沿线国家和地区的农业贸易合作?(8分)

28.(12分)阅读材料,完成下列要求。

从“天下之事,一断于法”的法律思想,到“王子犯法与庶民同罪”的司法理念;从春秋时期子产铸刑鼎首次公布法律,到汉唐以来历代相沿的成文法典;从被马克思、,恩格斯称赞的古罗马《十二铜表法》,到《法国民法典》,再到现代各国的法治实践。古往今来,东方和西方,人们都在对社会治理之道进行不懈探索,都不约而同地运用法律手段来规制社会、调整行为。

法治是人类文明的重要成果之一,法治的精髓和要旨对于各国国家治理和社会治理具有普遍意义。总书记指出,全面推进依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家,不能盲目照搬西方的法治经验,要扎根于中国现实,使我们的法治建设具有鲜明的中国特色、实践特色和时代特色。

(1)结合材料和文化生活知识,说明如何才能使我们的法治建设彰盟印国特色、实践特色和时代特色。

(2)建设法治中国不能盲目照搬西方的法治经验,必须扎根于中国现实。结合材料,运用真理的具体性条件性的知识加以说明。(6分)29.(12分)阅读材料,完成下列要求。

材料一 党的十九大报告提出,要坚持大扶贫格局,注重扶贫同扶志、扶智相结合。扶贫先扶志,扶贫必扶智。扶志就是扶思想、扶观念、扶信心;扶智就是扶知识、扶技术、扶思路。要从根本上摆脱贫困,必须智随志走、,志以智强,坚持“志智双扶”,才能激发活力,形成合力,拔掉穷根。

材料二 治贫先治愚,扶贫先扶教。教育是阻断贫困代际传递的治本之策。安徽临泉县黄岭镇八里坡村驻村工作队立足当地实际,将教育扶贫作为优先开展的帮扶工作项目,为贫困户家庭子女的教育建档立卡,对义务教育阶段、高中及大专以上的在校贫困学生建立专项资助基金,鼓励学生努力学习,早日成才,早日实现家庭脱贫致富。

(1)结合材料一,运用矛盾基本属性的知识,说明打赢脱贫攻坚战必须坚持“志智双扶”。(6分)

(2)结合材料二和文化生活知识,分析“扶贫先扶教”观点的合理性。(6分)泉州市 2018 届高中毕业班单科质量检查政治试题参考答案及评分说明 第Ⅰ卷(选择题 共 48分)

1-5 BCDCD 6-10 BDCBA 11-15 CAADA 16-20 CBDBD 21-24 BACA 第Ⅱ卷(非选择题 共 52 分)题:结合材料,运用政治生活知识说明该市政协打造“委员e家”平台的原因(6分)评分说明:

①人民政协是社会主义民主的重要形式,(1 分)是实行协商民主的重要渠道和专门协商机构。(1 分)②拓宽了建言献策的渠道,密切了与人民群众的联系,(1 分,答出任何一句即可),有利于协商民主的发展。(1 分)

③创新了政协委员的履职方式,(1 分)更好地发挥政治协商、民主监督和参政议政的职能。(1 分,或答出履行政协职能即可给分)

26.题:结合材料,说明人工智能和传统产业结合发展的经济意义。(8分)评分说明:

①人工智能和传统产业结合发展有利于提高传统产业的劳动生产率,(1 分,或答出优化资源的配置)降低人工成本。(1 分,或答出提高效益)

②有利于提高自主创新能力(1 分,或答出实施创新驱动发展战略),推动传统产业转型升级,催生新产业、新业态的发展(1 分,或答出推动经济结构战略性调整)。

③有利于深化供给侧结构性改革,(1 分)建设现代化经济体系,为实体经济培育新增长点、形成新动能(1 分,或答出转变经济发展方式)。

④有利于改变居民的消费方式,(1 分)提升居民的消费水平。(1 分,或答出满足消费者多样化需求)27(1)题:结合材料一,运用市场机制知识,分析杂交水稻技术创新对粮食需求的影响。(6分)评分说明:

扩大了杂交水稻种植面积,(1 分)增加了水稻的产量,(1 分,或增加杂交稻的供给)提高了水稻的质量,(1 分)降低了水稻的成本和价格(1 分),从而增加了稻米的需求(1 分),减少了稻米相关替代品的需求(1 分)

(如果考生没有具体分析,只答出:供求影响价格,价格也影响供求亦可得 2 分)

27(2)题:结合材料二,运用政治生活知识说明我国政府应该如何加强与“一带一路”沿线国家和地区的农业贸易合作?(8分)评分说明:

①应切实履行好管理和服务职能,(1 分,或答出履行组织经济建设职能)提供农业贸易合作的政策支持和国际农业贸易信息服务(1 分,或答出提供相关经济信息服务)

②应在和平共处五项原则的基础上加强农业贸易合作,(1 分,或答顺应和平与发展的时代主题)平等互利,优势互补,合作共赢(1 分,写出任何一句即可)

③坚持独立自主,维护我国农业安全和发展利益,切实保障农民利益,(1 分,答出坚持独立自主,或维护我国安全和发展利益和农民利益,或维护我国国家利益都可给分)兼顾沿线国家的合理关切。(1 分,或答出兼顾他国的正当利益)

④应发挥农业贸易大国优势,推动农业国际贸易秩序和全球粮食安全治理朝着更加公平合理的方向发展(推动建立农业国际贸易新秩序或建立公正合理的国际经济新秩序给 1 分;推动全球粮食安全治理,或推动全球治理,或发挥负责任的大国作用给 1 分)

28(1)题:结合材料和文化生活知识,说明如何才能使我们的法治建设彰显中国特色、实践特色和时代特色。(6 分)评分说明:

①坚持以社会主义核心价值观引领法治建设。(1 分,或答:坚持社会主义核心价值体系;以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导)

②继承我国传统法治文化的精华。(1 分,或答:批判继承我国传统的法治文化,取其精华,弃其糟粕;树立文化自觉和文化自信,继承中国优秀传统法治文化)

③借鉴吸收西方法治文明的优秀成果(1 分,或答:面向世界,博采众长,以世界优秀法治文化成果为营养)坚持以我为主,为我所用,保持我国法治文化的民族特色。(1 分,或答:植根于本民族的法治文化土壤,推动我国法治文化的创新)

④立足中国特色社会主义伟大实践(1 分),深刻把握时代发展潮流,彰显我国法治建设的实践特色和时代特色。(1 分,或答:顺应我国经济社会发展的要求;融入改革创新的时代精神)

28(2)题:建设法治中国不能盲目照搬西方的法治经验,必须扎根于中国现实。结合材料,运用真理的具体性条件性的知识加以说明。(6 分)评分说明:

①任何真理都有自己适用的条件和范围(1 分);任何真理都是相对于特定的过程来说的,都是主观与客观、理论与实践的具体的历史的统一。(1 分)(若答“真理是具体的有条件的”只给1 分)

②西方国家的法治文明与其经济政治制度相适应,其成功经验对我国具有一定的借鉴指导作用(1 分),但我们不能盲目照搬,必须从我国的具体国情出发。(1 分,或答:必须从我国的具体实际出发)③真理与谬误往往相伴而行。(1 分)如果脱离我国实际(或我国国情),盲目照搬西方的法治经验,难免在法治建设上犯错。(1 分)

29(1)题:结合材料一,运用矛盾基本属性的知识,说明打赢脱贫攻坚战必须坚持“志智双扶”。(6 分)评分说明:

①矛盾就是对立统一,斗争性与同一性是矛盾的基本属性。(1 分)

②扶志与扶智是对立统一的关系(1 分)。二者的侧重点不同,扶志在于增强贫困人口的决心和斗志,扶智在于提升贫困人口的技能和素质;(1 分)二者相辅相成,相互作用,形成合力,方能铲除穷根。(1 分)③矛盾双方的对立统一推动着事物的变化发展。(1 分,或答:矛盾是事物发展的源泉和动力)“志智双扶”才能激发贫困人口的内生脱贫动力,从根本上打赢脱贫攻坚战。(1 分)

29(2)题:结合材料二和文化生活知识,分析“扶贫先扶教”观点的合理性。(6 分)评分说明:

①文化与经济相互影响(1 分,或答:文化反作用于经济;文化作为一种精神力量,能够转化为物质力量)、相互交融。(1 分)教育扶贫可以为贫困家庭脱贫致富提供精神动力和智力支持;(1 分)通过教育扶贫,培养人才,提高劳动者素质(或人力资源质量),促进科技运用并转化为现实生产力。(1 分)②教育具有选择、传递、创造文化的特定功能(或教育在人的教化和培育上始终扮演着重要角色),是民族振兴和社会进步的基石。(1 分)通过教育扶贫,使贫困家庭子女获取知识和技能

篇4:河南省郑州市2018届高中毕业班第一次质量检测

第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)

第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:How much is the shirt? A.£9.15 B.£9.18.C.£9.15 答案是C。

1.What is the woman going to do? A.Buy tickets B.Attend a festival C.Play some music.2.Where probably are the speakers? A.At home.B.At the company.C.A.At the barber’s.3.What happened to the man? A.He was punished.B.He got hungry.C.He had a stomachache.4.What are the speakers talking about? A.Learning a language.B.Making up an excuse.C.Choosing a restaurant.5.What does the woman mean? A.They are always late.B.They don’t need to hurry.C.They still have 20 minutes.1 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白,每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.Why does the woman come here? A.Her relatives live here.B.Her father has found a new job.C.Her family come for sightseeing.7.What do we know about the woman? A.She has never been to China.B.She has got used to her new life.C.She is studying in a boarding school.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。8.Who is in hospital? A.The woman s grandma.B.The woman’s brother.C.The woman’s mother.9.What keeps the woman busy? A.Preparing a party.B.Dealing with a project.C.Writing a graduation paper.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。

10.When will the speakers leave for the station? A.At six.B.At seven.C.At eight 11.What kind of scats will they take? A.Sleeping car.B.Economy class.C.First class.2 12.How long will they stay in Harbin approximately? A.2 days.B.3 days.C.4 days.听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。

13.What’s the probable relationship between the speakers? A.Colleagues.B.Schoolmates.C.Strangers.14.What food does the man like most? A.Cheeseburgers.B.Cakes.C.Sweets.15.How docs the man find his job? A.Hard.B.Meaningless.C.Worthwhile.16.What does the woman suggest? A.Talking more about work.B.Doing the cooking at home.C.Having something to drink.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.What kind of book is The Snowy Day? A.A picture book.B.A cartoon book.C.An adventurous book.18.What does Peter dream that night? A.He makes a snowman.B.The sun melts the snow.C.It keeps snowing all day.19.What do we know about the book? A.The hero is an adult.B.The plot is complex.C.The language is simple.20.Why docs the speaker give the talk? 3 A.To describe a snowy day.B.To introduce his favorite story.C.To encourage people lo buy a book.第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。A Kettle’s Yard, Cambridge

This modern-art gallery in a Victorian house was founded m the 1950s by Tate curator Jim Ede and reopened in February following a two-year redevelopment by Jamie Fobert Architects, the team behind the 2017 Tate St Ives extension.This means a new cafe, a four-floor education wing and improved gallery space that can accommodate more visitors.The gallery’s permanent collection includes works by Joan Miró.Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth.Being Rrunel Bristol Celebrating the life and work of famous civil engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunei, Being Brunei will open in March on Bristol’s harbourside.next to SS Great Britain.The museum will include a range of interactive and entertaining exhibits, including talking portraits of his friends and family and personal possessions, including an 1821 school report.It is a good place for families to strengthen connections.Royal Academy of Arts, London 4 The KA reopens on 19 May for its 250th anniversary, following a £50m renovation(翻新)with a gallery and expanded exhibition programme.These will include three day-lit galleries, which will host exhibitions with a focus on contemporary art and architecture.The grand frontwall of the Burlington Gardens building has also been restored-possibly the first time it’s had a proper clean in its 150 year history.VAA Dundee One of the most significant new openings of the year will be Scotland’s first design museum — and also the first V&A anywhere outside of London-on 15 September.The museum building sits on the river Tay.It will celebrate Scottish design and objects in its collection.21.What do we know about Being Brunel? A.It is family-friendly.B.It includes three day-lit galleries.C.It has a long school report D.It possesses permanent collections.22 Why does the RA reopen? A.To expand the exhibition.B.To display contemporary art.C.To mark its 250th anniversary.D.To present its 150-year history.23.Which museum or gallery will open in September? A.Kettle s Yard.B.Being Brunel.C.Royal Academy of Arts.D.V&A Dundee.B The ocean is filled with eight million tonnes of rubbish—enough to fill five carrier bags for every foot of coastline on the planet.But a new invention could deal with 5 this problem, one port at a time.A pair of surfers from Perth, Australia, has invented a “floating bin” that automatically draws rubbish floating on the water into it like a vacuum(真空)cleaner.While the invention may do little to battle against five giant “garbage islands” that flow around the worlds major ocean gyres(环流), it could stop waste from leaving harbours and marinas, for example.Peter Ceglinski and Andrew Turton said their device could spell the end of polluted seas.The concept is simple: A bucket connects to a water pump, drawing in any floating trash inside a removable net bag.There is also an optional oil-water separator system inside the pump.It can remove oil from the seawater before spitting it back into the ocean — pollution-free — through the other side of the pump.The water filtration(过滤)system is much like what you’d find in a fish lank, but it has the potential to clean up an entire ocean.The scabin can run 24/7, according lo its website.And, amazingly, Peter and Andrew say they have never caught a fish or sea animal in their pumps in four years of testing.The Scabin Project aims lo improve on the traditional and sometimes expensive — harbor cleaning methods of having a person physically remove trash from the water or sending boats equipped with nets to collect it.While it’s not as extensive as 21-year-old Boyan Slat’s plan to clean the entire Pacific Ocean in 10 years, starting in 2020, the scabin’s creators said their device is something that harbors can start using to clean our oceans now.They’re starting “close to the source of the problem m a controlled environment, 6 “Seabin’s website states.“It’s a big mission, but it can be done.In fact, we’re doing it right now.”

24.What led to the two surfers’ invention?

A.Poor equipment of boats.B.Great interest in surfing.C.Disturbing ocean rubbish D.Lack of harbor cleaning methods.25.What docs the underlined word “spell” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A.Indicate B.Change.C.Meet.D.Reach.26.What is a seabin according to the text? A.A fish tank.B.A vacuum cleaner.C.A water filtration system.D.A floating rubbish collector.27.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A.The seabin is applied worldwide.B.It is challenging for the seabin to clean polluted seas.C.The seabin is far from satisfactory.D.It is possible for the seabin to control the environment.C Work started this week on next season’s flu vaccine(疫苗), with experts working off forecasts about which types of the flu virus will be making the rounds.But don’t expect any improvements.Flu experts are already admitting that most vaccines will give at best basic protection, because they re based on old-fashioned technology.It’s not a new problem, but one that the slow-moving world of drug and vaccine production seems helpless to improve upon.7 Every flu vaccine is a cocktail, aimed at either three or four of the most common flu types.Flu vaccines must be reformulated every year, because flu viruses develop constantly in a process called antigenic drift.In February, global flu experts gather to trade notes on what viruses are circulating in different countries and to come to an agreement on which types the next vaccines should be formulated to target.In recent years, flu vaccines have been based on HINI, H3N2 and either one or two types of influenza B virus.Each of these has a “reference” type, which is used to make seed virus.Producers inject the seed types into eggs and incubate(孵)them as the virus grows.Then they purify the virus, and either weaken it or kill it to make a vaccine.Using eggs is a tricky and unpredictable process.Sometimes the virus doesn’t grow well in eggs, which can mean less vaccine than expected.The result is a flu vaccine that doesn’t offer much protection.“As long as we have eggs we are going to have this problem,” said Scott Hensley, a flu virus expert, “The only solution is not to depend on eggs.”

Flu is a major killer.The 2017-2018 season has been a severe one, hitting the entire U.S.with widespread influenza infection(传染)at once for weeks on end, and killing 97 children so far.Against this threat, even a less satisfying flu vaccine will definitely help.“Even when you have these mismatches it will not prevent infection but likely prevent disease severity,” said Hensley.28.Why does next season flu vaccine fail to improve? A.It has offered the best protection.8 B.Experts can’t forecast the flu types.C.It is based on outdated technology.D.Experts are unwilling to respond to changes.29.According to Paragraph 2, what do flu experts do in February? A.Exchange views on the virus types next season.B.Gel together and make a deal on vaccines.C.Sign an agreement on vaccine production.D.Decide on how to circulate the viruses.30.What might be the risk of using eggs to make vaccines? A.Seeds are less likely to get protection.B.Viruses might not be developed as expected C.There are not enough eggs to be used.D.Whether vaccines will grow is hard to predict.31.What message does the underlined sentence convey? A.The U.S.is faced with serious flu attacks.B.Egg-based vaccines are better than nothing.C.There is something wrong with flu vaccines.D.Flu vaccines can stop the disease spreading.D Forests are always losers at the Olympics, and that’s unlikely to change anytime soon.For the winter games in PyeongChang, South Korea, virgin forest was destroyed on 9 Mount Gariwang to accommodate ski runs.For the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, a ski run is set to wipe out part of the Songshan National Nature Reserve And let’s not forget the 240 acres of Atlantic Forest that were leveled for the 2016 games in Rio de Janeiro to make way for a golf course.For the upcoming Tokyo games, environmental and human rights advocates have been raising alarms about the use of tropical wood to build the New National Stadium.Activists have fought against such environmental destruction.The damage is often permanent, threatens endangered plants and animals and, in some cases, causes conflicts with native people But frequently the country’s organizing committee, and the International Olympic Committee(IOC)have found ways to make it reasonable—despite a paragraph in the Olympic Charter that states that the IOC’s role is to “encourage and support a responsible concern for environmental issues.”

As it stands now.the IOC has little authority over a city’s local organizing committee, which finally plans the event, Chappelet, professor of public management at the University of Lausanne, told Earther.“Even if the IOC is dissatisfied with the way host cities have prepared for the games, they have no built-in systems to supervise(监督)them so that they strictly follow the Olympic Charter.The only thing they can do if they’re not happy is to withdraw the right to organize the game.But the IOC could include more enforcement(执行)systems into the contract(合同)they make with the host city, he added.That contract must be signed and obeyed by everyone.Those who break it could be fined.10 Boykoff, the author of several books on the Olympics, suggested a similar solution.“The IOC could insist that host cities prioritize their ecological promises, but instead they look the other way, time and time again,” he said.32.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A.Popularity of the Olympics.B.Different needs of the Olympics C.Importance of protecting forests.D.Problems caused by the Olympics.33.What is the IOC expected to do according to the Olympic Charter? A.Lead the fight against destruction.B.Withdraw the rights of host cities.C.Ban the destruction of the environment.D.Promote a responsible concern for the environment.34.What docs the underlined word “they” in the text refer to? A.The IOC.B.Built-in systems.C.Host cities.D.The games.35 What can be the best title for the text? A.IOC Stresses Its Active Role B.Prized Forests Lost Big C.Perfect Solutions are Found D.Conflicts Arise at the Olympics 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Pretend You’re Good at It

A while back.I met my pal Jenny, who was in town recording her biography.Let’s Pretend This Never Happened._36_ She told me that it had been going horribly-until she reached out to her friend Neil for advice,When she asked Neil how he managed to record so many of his books while still sounding so cool and 11 collected, his response came back almost immediately PRETEND YOU’RE GOOD AT IT.So she wrote his advice on her arm and went back into the recording studio._37_ And she was.She re-recorded the first chapter with her new words singing through her head._38_ Of course I was happy it worked for my friend Jenny, but other than that, I didn’t think much about ii.But slowly, gradually, “Pretend you’re good at if has worked its magic on me.I have long suffered from a serious mental disease.I needed something to help me get past my fears and head out into the world._39_ And it worked.Having a hard time getting up in the morning? Tell yourself that you are the best at getting up early._40_ Pretend you’re good at it, and you’ll surprise yourself with how good you really are.However, “Pretend you’re good at if” is not a substitute for actual training or an excuse to behave in a proud and unpleasant way, either.A.What would that look like? B I asked her how it was going.C I pretended, and my anxiety eased.D.So I turned to “pretend you’re good at it”.E.She took a deep breath and pretended she was good at it.F.“Pretend you’re good at it,” on the other hand, is more playful.G.This didn’t strike me as particularly world-changing advice, honestly.第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

One summer’s day.I drove along our main street as a horrible and sudden shower threatened.The sky _41_ and the wind swept along warningly.I _42_ to the side of the street.A pick-up truck parked ahead of me._43_ to the weather in its body were the family’s entire _44_: mattresses(床垫), baskets, boxes of clothing, and other household goods.“Oh my, those poor people,” I thought, _45_ children in the seat of the truck.They were obviously _46_ from one home to another and their belongings, shabby though they were, were going to get completely _47_!Just then a little old lady ran by me and into a variety store before which we all parked to wail out the _48_.In minutes, she was out, _49_ a package containing a huge sheet of plastic.She _50_ tapped on the window of the truck and gestured the _51_ driver out.Between them, they spread the _52_ over the entire load in the body of the truck!The wind blew in a _53_ fashion and rain came pouring down._54_ the heavy wind, the two women managed to weigh down its comers and edges, thereby providing _55_ for the family’s belongings.Everyone back inside their _56_we sat out the brief storm The sun broke out in all its glory.I _57_ my window as the old lady and the young mother _58_ at the back of the pick-up.And I heard the little old lady say.“Don’t _59_ me, just pass it on when you have the _60_ to lend a hand.” 41.A.cleared B.lightened C.paled D.darkened 13 42.A.pointed B.kept C.marched D.pulled 43.A.Open B.Accustomed C.Subject D.Due 44.A.furniture B.belongings C.fortune D.collections 45.A.leaving B.observing C.ignoring D.amusing 46.A.moving B.waking C.switching D.dragging 47.A.dirty B.burned C.wet D.stolen 48.A danger B.night C.storm D fog 49.A.destroying B.rearing C.sending D waving 50.A.elegantly B.randomly C.impatiently D.busily 51.A.exhausted B.woman C.man D.sleepy 52.A clothing B.blanket C.towel D.covering 54.A.Fighting B.Using C.Expecting D.Following 55.A.storage B.protection C.insurance D.transport 56.A.vehicles B.stores C.cafes D.offices 57.A.broke through B.looked in C.rolled down D.wound up 58.A.whispered B.stayed C.argued D.met 59.A.praise B.follow C.thank D.help 60.A.chance B.responsibility C.patience D.qualification 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)

阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。“Do the difficult things while they are easy and do the great things while they are small.” “Nothing is softer and _61_(flexible)than water, yet nothing can resist it.” These are the food for thought _62_(serve)to Tube passengers at Oval station in south London.It’s been 14 years since customer services manager Anthony Gentles _63_(inspire)to brighten up the “blank faces” of travelers with daily _64_(wise)from his favorite book, Tao Te Ching.Every day he wrote one quote on the hoard _65_(him).Mr.Gentles said offering quotes from ancient China was his way of _66_(try)to make people feel more welcome as they braved the Underground.Thousands of quotes later, Mr Gentles’ favorite message remains the first one he wrote: “A journey of a thousand miles begins _67_ a single step”.“Because it’s _68_(fundamental)true,” he said.“No matter _69_ you live your life, regardless of your situation, you have to take the first step.”

Since 2007.the baton(接力棒)has been taken on by his colleague Glen Sutherland, _70_ posts on the station information board have set off a wave of enthusiasm to copy the practice across the capital.第四部分 写作(共两节,满分35分)

第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。

修改:在错词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

People celebrate the Lantern Festival across China every year.About two weeks 15 before, I went to Yuyuan Garden Lantern Fair, one of busiest and grandest lantern fairs in China.I enjoyed locally snacks and traditional performances.Craftsmen at different stand sold their delicate handicrafts in reasonable prices.That impressed me most was various types of lanterns.I also learn to make a paper lantern.Although it wasn’t very beautiful, but it brought back my childhood memories.Today, many lantern fairs are still well preserving.It is a good way for us Chinese to know about my traditional culture.第二节 书面表达(满分25分)

假定你是李华,近期你校举办了主题为“美丽中国”的现场国画(traditional Chinese painting)比赛。请为校报英文专栏写一篇活动报道。内容包括: 1.活动时间、地点: 2.活动概况: 3.活动意义。注意:

1.词数100左右:

2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

参考答案 第一部分:

1-5 BABAB 6-10 BCABA 11-15 CACAC 16-20 CABCC 第二部分:

21-25 ACDCA 26-30 DBCAB 31-35 BDDCB 36-40 BEGDA 第三部分:

41-45 DDABB 46-50 ACCBD 51-55 BDCAB 56-60 ACDCA 61.more flexible 62 served 63.was inspired 64.wisdom 65.himself 16 66.trying 67.with 68.fundamentally 69.how 70.whose 第四部分: 第一节:

People celebrate the Lantern Festival across China every year.About two weeks before, I went to Yuyuan ago Garden Lantern Fair, one of ∧ busiest and grandest lantern fairs in China.I enjoyed locally snacks and traditional the local performances.Craftsmen at different stand sold their delicate handicrafts in reasonable prices.That impressed me stands at What most was various types of lanterns.I also learn to make a paper lantern.Although it wasn’t very beautiful, but it learned 去掉but brought back my childhood memories.Today, many lantern fairs are still well preserving.It is a good way for us preserved Chinese to know about my traditional culture.our

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