单项填空题解题技巧（共6篇）
篇1：单项填空题解题技巧
单项填空题解题策略
纵观近几年的高考单项填空题，我们可以发现单项填空题的内容越来越贴近学生的日常生活，语言更加灵活，考点较为明确，淡化了对语法知识机械记忆的考查，强调语言的交际功能。单项填空题目设置非常灵活，看似简单，却不容易答对，设有很多的“陷阱”使考生容易出错。因此，掌握相应的解题方法对快速、准确地答题是很有必要的。
一、简化法
题干中的插入语、同位语、修饰语或其他附加信息等使得句子难度增加，解题时可将这类成分删除，起到化繁为简的作用，以迅速找到解题的切入点。
【考例1】
Let those in need ______ that we will go all out to help them.(2013陕西)
A.to understandB.understand
C.understandingD.understood
解析：介词短语in need修饰those，将其去掉，句子变为Let those ______ that we will go all out to help them.不难看出本题考查let sb do sth结构，故答案为B。
【考例2】
“Never for a second,” the boy says, “ ______ that my father would come to my rescue.”(2013江苏)
A.I doubtedB.do I doubt
C.I have doubtedD.did I doubt
解析：将the boy says去掉，句子变为Never for a second ______ that my father would come to my rescue。可以看出本题考查倒装结构，再根据宾语从句中的时态可知应选D项。
二、补全法
在一些单项填空题中，题干省略了某些成分，增加了试题的难度。我们可以补全句子，使句子结构完整、语境清楚，解题也就更容易了。
【考例】
There are some health problems that, when ______ in time, can become bigger ones later on.(2013浙江)
A.not treated
B.not being treated
C.not to be treated
D.not having been treated
解析：题干中省略了主语和be动词，如果把省略部分补全，句子应为：There are some health problems that, when they are ______ in time，can become bigger ones later on.答案为A。
三、还原法
高考命题常以复杂的句型来增加考题的难度，有意给学生造成理解和判断上的困难。面对这种题型，考生要能透过复杂的语言环境，结合语法结构，还原出“庐山真面目”, 这样题
目就会变得简单，如将感叹句、倒装句、疑问句改为陈述句，将被动句改为主动句等。
【考例】
Among the crises that face humans ______ the lack of natural resources.(2013上海)
A.isB.are
C.is thereD.are there
解析: 如果把题干中的倒装句改为正常语序，句子表达为：The lack of natural resources ______ among the crises that face humans.我们可以看出此题是对主谓一致的考查，答案为A。
四、语境分析法
近年来的高考题往往自然、巧妙地设置一定的语言情景或故意隐藏某些有效的信息。考生仅凭语法知识来判断往往很难做出正确选择，只有分析具体的语言情境，抓住隐含信息，才能找出答案。
【考例】
—Do you think Mom and Dad ______ late?
—No.Swiss Air is usually on time.(2013北京)
A.wereB.will be
C.would beD.have been
解析: 句意：——你认为爸爸和妈妈会晚到吗？——不会的，瑞士航空一向准时。根据语境可知“爸爸和妈妈的飞机还未到”，应该用一般将来时，故选B项。
五、词义辨析法
名词、动词或短语动词、形容词、副词、代词等的辨析是历年高考单项填空题的考查热点。做此类题时，考生要注意对句意做出正确理解，对选项进行比较分析，从而选出正确答案。
【考例】
Butterflies ______ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.(2013湖北)
A.carry onB.feed on
C.put onD.focus on
解析：该题考查“动词+on”构成的短语动词辨析。carry on继续;feed on以……为食；put on穿上，上演;focus on集中于。句意：蝴蝶以花蜜为食，这些花蜜是蜜蜂和其它昆虫采集的。根据句意选B。
六、关键信息提示法
解答单项填空题时，应特别留意题干中的关键词语，这些词语揭示了答题的关键信息。例如时态题中表示时间的关键词、倒装句中位于句首的关键词以及引起句子使用虚拟语气的词等。
【考例1】
Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam ______ at the age of six months old.(2013浙江)
A.wasB.beC.wereD.is
解析：题干中recommend是答题的关键，其后接宾语从句要用虚拟语气(谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可省略)，故答案为B。
【考例2】
I’m calling about the apartment you ______ the other day.Could you tell me more about it?(2013安徽)A.advertisedB.had advertised
C.are advertising D.will advertise
解析：此题的关键信息是the other day，通常与一般过去时连用，故选A。
七、句子结构分析法
对长难句的句子结构分析也是考点之一。做题时要分清是简单句还是复合句，判断出句子是否缺少成分，然后根据相关的语法知识做出正确的选择。
【考例】
He may win the competition, ______ he is likely to get into the national team.(2013辽宁)
A.in which caseB.in that case
C.in what caseD.in whose case
解析：分析句子结构可知：He may win the competition是主句，______ he is likely to get into the national team是定语从句。答案为A。此题如果不分析句子结构，很容易误选B项；如果选B项，句子应为：He may win the competition, and in that case he is likely to get into the national team.八、注意固定搭配(固定句型)
固定搭配和固定句型是单项填空考查的热点，考生在英语学习过程中要多积累多记忆，此类试题就会很容易地解决。
【考例】
Tony can hardly boil an egg, still ______ cook dinner.(2013全国Ⅰ)
A.lessB.little
九、排除思维定式干扰
有些单项填空题利用常见短语、结构或句型等来设置解题陷阱，若考生不注意分析句子结构，不弄清句子的意思就轻率作答，很容易犯错。因此，对于那些看似容易的题不要急于作答，而应把握全句含义，避开命题人设置的陷阱。
【考例】I stopped the car ______ a short break as I was feeling tired.(2013山东)
A.takeB.takingC.to takeD.taken C.muchD.more解析：still less为固定搭配，表示“更不用说，何况”，前面常与否定词连用。答案为A。
解析：若不注意分析该句含义，可能会误认为考查stop…(from)doing sth结构而选B，但根据句意“因为感觉疲惫，我停车以便做短暂休息”可知此处用不定式作目的状语，故选C。
总之，同学们要在牢固掌握英语基础知识的基础上灵活运用各种解题技巧和方法，举一反三，这样才能收到事半功倍的效果。
篇2：单项填空题解题技巧
[作者] 孙锋
[内容]
单项填空容量大、考查的知识范围广。因此，它是任何学科任何一种考查或
考试中倍受青睐也是不可缺少 的题型之一。高考英语NMET单项填空B部分为
20个小题，内容涉及到中学英语课本（初中6册，高中3册）许许多 多方面的
问题，既有基础题，也有拉距离的题。一般来说，在做单项填空时要注意读懂题
干的意思，弄清命题 者要考查我们哪些方面的知识，切忌不认真读题干就盲目
地拿起来不加思索地选；其次要注意做题方法，要特 别注意空格前后词与词之
间的关系及要填的空在题干中的作用，然后认真分析，对比所供四个选项的.区别
与联 系，逐一比较排斥；最后注意做完后要认真复查核对，将所选的一项放到
题干中再去检验，看意思、语法和习惯搭配上是否有疏忽，发现错误及时更正。
纵观历届高考英语题，我们不难发现：单项填空按其类别分有以下四大类，
即：语法题、习语及惯用法搭 配题、词语辨析题和情景交际题。下面笔者就分
别进行举例和分析，希望能对大家有所裨益。
语法题：就中学所学的语法知识进行考查，既可能对语法概念理解和运用上
的考查，也可能对语法结构形 式上进行考查。从近几年的高考试题来看，单一
考查语法的题越来越少，而是将语法考查放在一定的语境中考 查，而且在同一
题中考查两个或两个以上的语法项目，以突出考查学生实际运用语言的能力。因
篇3：英语单项填空题解题技巧
掌握正确的应对方法是提高高考单项填空题得分的关键。这里我们介绍和分析几种解题技巧, 以帮助学生提高单项填空题的解题能力。
一、信息提示法
捕捉信息词汇, 分析语境, 明确考点。单项填空题一般都有一定的语境, 因此一定要细心读完题目, 结合信息词汇所给的提示, 弄清题目的意图, 找出解决问题的突破口。该法多适用于时态、词义辨析等类的题目。
【例1】I have to see the doctor because I ____a lot lately. (2010陕西)
A.have been coughing B.had coughed
C.coughedD.cough
解析:本题考查动词时态。由信息词lately可知此处表示现阶段一直在进行的动作或存在的状态, 且强调其持续性, 用现在完成进行时, 选A。
【例2】Some people eat with their eyes.They prefer to order what ____nice. (2010四川)
A.looks B.smells C.feels D.tastes
解析:本题考查系动词辨析。根据提示信息eat with their eyes, 后句应该意为他们喜欢点看起来很好吃的东西, 不难选出正确答案A。
二、结构分析法
有些单项填空题的句子结构复杂, 稍有疏忽, 便会受到干扰项的干扰, 这时要仔细分析, 弄清句子结构, 去掉插入语或附加的次要信息成分, 然后再对照所给的选项, 选出正确答案。该法多适用于复合句或固定句式等方面的题目。
【例3】____is known to us all is that the 2008Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.
A.It B.What C.As D.Which
解析:受思维定式的影响, 学生一看到有is known to us all就用It或As。实际上, 该题要根据题干的结构来作出判断。所填词应引导主语从句, 并作句子的主语, 故用What。答案为B。
【例4】John thinks it won’t be long ____he is ready for his new job. (2010陕西)
A.when B.after C.before D.since
解析:分析句子结构, 本题考查固定句式It (will) be+时间段+before从句, 意思是过多久才……选C。
三、逻辑推理法
非谓语动词类题目考查学生对逻辑关系的理解。正确理解非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间存在主动关系还是被动关系是解题的关键。状语从句类题目需要学生正确分析从句与主句间存在什么样的逻辑关系, 把握好因果、条件、让步、目的等关系是解题的诀窍。
【例5】A great number of students____ said they were forced to practise the piano. (2010四川)
A.to question B.to be questioned
C.questionedD.questioning
解析:question与students存在被动关系, question表示的动作也已完成, 故用过去分词。
【例6】____from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. (2010陕西)
A.Seen B.Seeing C.Having seen D.To see
解析:考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作状语, 逻辑主语是句子的主语, 非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系, 用过去分词, 选A。
【例7】Tim is in good shape physically ____he doesn’t get much exercise. (2010湖南)
A.if B.even though C.unless D.as long as
解析:句意为“尽管Tim不经常锻炼, 但他身材很好”。前后是让步转折关系, 故选B项。
四、固定搭配法
有些单项填空题考查选项与前后是否构成固定词组、习惯搭配或常见句型。此法多用于冠词、名词、动词、形容词等词法考查的题目。
【例8】James took the magazines off the little table to make ____for the television. (2010天津)
A.room B.area C.field D.position
解析:make room for是固定搭配, 意思是“为……腾出空地”, 其中的room是不可数名词。
【例9】I had great difficulty ____the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.
A.find B.found C.to find D.finding
解析:本题考查固定结构have difficulty (in) doing sth, 故正确答案为D。
五、语法规则法
尽管高考题的考查由注重语言知识向注重语言运用转变, 但不少题目考查学生对知识的灵活运用能力, 巧用一些语法规则是解题的关键。
【例10】____in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum. (2010天津)
A.Anything B.Nothing
C.Everything D.Something
解析:根据语法规则, 形容词/副词的同级比较肯定形式用as+adj/adv as, 否定形式用not as/so+adj/adv+as。由句中so deeply as可知, 该选项应用表示否定意义的代词, 故答案为B。
六、成分定位法
对于考查定语从句和名词性从句等的题目, 考生应正确把握选项在从句中作什么成分, 若缺少了主语或宾语, 应从关系代词或连接代词中选择正确答案;反之, 选择关系副词或连接副词。
【例11】We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have____ we have here and treat food nicely. (2010福建)
A.that B.which C.what D.whether
解析:定语从句的谓语have缺少宾语, we have here在结构上也缺少宾语, 因此横线上需要填入一个双重代词, 具备该功能的词只有what。
【例12】We haven’t discussed yet____ we are going to place our new furniture. (2010全国Ⅰ)
A.that B.which C.what D.where
解析:此题考查从句。题干中空格位于动词discuss的后面, 因此考查宾语从句。根据句意, 在宾语从句中缺少地点状语, 因此选择D。
七、语境分析法
“突出语境, 强化语意, 强调运用”是近几年高考命题的趋向。语言知识题的考查是在一定的语境中进行的。做单项填空题时不能忽略上下文即语境。这类试题有两类:一类是考查日常交际用语;另一类是借助语境, 考查学生对动词时态、情态动词等基础知识的把握。
【例13】—Do you think you could do without help?
—____.This is not the first time for me. (2010山东)
A.Take care B.Hurry up
C.Not exactly D.Don’t worry
解析:根据后置语境“This is not the first time for me.”可知, 答语应表示“没问题, 别担心”之意, 所以D项符合语境。
【例14】You____ park here!It’s an emergency exit. (2010重庆)
A.wouldn’tB.needn’t
C.couldn’tD.mustn’t
解析:由后面的“这是一个紧急出口”可知, 该处是禁止停车的, 所以用mustn’t表示禁止某人做某事, 选D。
篇4：单项填空题解题技巧
一、 单项填空题命题特点：
综观近几年的高考英语试题，单项填空题的命题有如下特点：
1. 进一步强化语境因素，增加了语法知识与语言环境的综合运用，体现了高考试题“注重语境，强调运用”的指导思想。
2. 涉及知识面广，涵盖了交际、时态、语态、冠词、形容词、副词、动词（词组）、非谓语动词、定语从句以及状语从句等。其中动词一直是单项填空题考查的重点。
3. 总体难度略有下降，基本剔除了以前的偏题、怪题。
4. 语境设置更为真实、自然、巧妙。词汇、语法知识越考越活。
5. 诱答性强。每道小题中的三个干扰项，常有一至二个选项难于排除，有可能诱导受试者选错答案。
二、 单项填空干扰项设计
干扰设计之一： 利用思维定势
利用思维定势的影响来设题，这是最容易让考生上当的题。因为考生背记了许多语法规则和词的固定搭配，做题时只注意这些熟悉的语法规则和局部固定搭配，往往在没有完全弄清整个题干的意思时就作出了选择，结果当然出错。例如：
1. Which do you enjoy_____your spare time, playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park?
A. spendingB. to spend
C. having spentD. to have spent
同学们对于enjoy后接-ing动词记得很熟，已成定势，所以会不假思索地选A，而实际上此句enjoy的宾语是which，空白处应填入一个表示目的不定式，故正确选项应为B。
2. —English has large vocabulary, hasnt it?
—Yes,_____more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate. (2004上海卷)
A. knowB. knowing
C. to knowD. known
动词放在句首常见形式是分词或不定式，同学们很可能因为这定势思维选B或C, 其实正确选项是A，Do sth. and you will ... 也是一个常见句型。
3. The day we had been looking forward to_____at last.
A. comeB.came
C. comingD. to come
looking forward to sth. / doing sth.也是同学们记得很牢的一个固定搭配，故会不加思索地选C，其实空白处缺少的是谓语动词，应填B。此句可译为：我们一直盼望的那一天终于到来了！
干扰之二：利用汉英差异
英汉在表达习惯、思维方式等方面具有很多不同，命题者常利用汉英差异出题。如汉语的“参加”在许多情况下都适用，如参加会议、考试、解放军等，而在英语中则因不同的宾语用不同的动词，如take part in the ce-lebration, attend a meeting, join the army, take an exam, join in a discussion等。例如：
1. —Its getting late. Im afraid I must be going now.
—OK._____. (2004全国卷)
Ａ. Take it easyB. Go slowly
C. Stay longerD. See you
按照中国人习惯，同学们可能要选Ｂ或Ｃ，而正确选项是D。
2. Mr. Smith used to smoke_____but he has given it up. (2004天津卷)
A. seriouslyB. heavily
C. badlyD. hardly
按照汉语习惯，同学们可能要选A或Ｃ，而正确选项是B。
４. —Whats made Tommy so upset?
—_____the game. It shocked him so much.
A. For losingB. Lost
C. LosingD. Because of losing
按照汉语习惯，同学们可能要选A或Ｄ，而正确选项是C，因为what是对主语提问，回答部分也应该是名词性短语losing the game.
干扰之三：利用题干惯性
此种类型的题多以对话形式出现，学生答题往往会借助原题干的动词时态和结构等来判断选项，结果造成错选。例如：
Few pleasures can equal_____of a cool drink on a hot day. (1999全国卷)
A. someB. anyC. thatD. those
此句的意思比较清楚：“没有什么快乐能比得上在大热天里喝上一杯冷饮那么惬意”，但同学们在选答时却往往会错选D，因为前面有复数名词pleasures，其实a cool drink是单数，指一件事，故正确选项是C。
2. —You havent been to Beijing, have you?
—. How I wish to go there!
A. Yes, I haveB. Yes, I havent
C. No, I haveD. No, I havent
受题干问话惯性和汉语影响，同学们很容易错选B,其实在英语里无论肯定问句还是否定问句，回答都须根据事实回答，且简略回答要前后一致，故正确选项是D。
3. —Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
—_______.
A. I dontB. I wont
C. I cannotD. I havent
因为前面有Dont forget ...，同学们受惯性影响在选答时会错选A，而正确选项是B，表“我不会的”。
干扰之四：利用形近词汇或结构
把相似、相近的词语或结构放在一起作为干扰选项，使基础知识掌握不牢的考生难于区分。例如：
1. The films made by Disney_____all over the world.
A. are used to show
B. are used to showing
C. used to be shown
D. used to show
答案是C。它表过去常常干某事。
干扰之五：巧设语言环境
命题人在题干中没有明确将时间或空间背景标示出来，而是比较巧妙地隐含在句子中，稍不注意就会错选。例如：
The price_____, but I doubt whether it will remain so. (1999全国卷)
A. went downB. will go down
C. has gone downD. was going down
I doubt whether it will remain so.就是一个很巧妙的语境，说明情况已发生变化，但不知会不会持续下去，故答案是C。
三、单项填空解题技巧
1. 注意分析句子结构，确定选择方向
一个句子所使用的标点符号、有无连词，往往起着决定性的作用；而插入语、省略语等在一定程度上会干扰考生的思维。请比较以下各题：
(1) George Orwell,was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. (2004北京)
A. the real name
B. what his real name
C. his real name
D. whose real name
根据题干中的逗号，但无连词的特点，排除A、C项。再根据定语从句的结构选D。
(2)_____some of this juice—perhaps youll like it. (2000年北京春季)
A. TryingB. Try
C. To tryD. Have tried
根据题中所给信息，可以断定这里的破折号用于解释说明。去掉破折号后面的附加信息，可以看出是个祈使句。故选B。
(3) The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, all of_____over 600 years old.
A. themB. whichC. itD. that
考生很有可能选B，但仔细分析这个句子，我们不难发现，主句与后面的内容用逗号隔开，而逗号后又不是一个完整的句子，不能构成定语从句，只能主格独立结构去完成句子。答案是A。
2. 认真分析语境，准确理解和把握信息
在单项填空中，一些词或词组常常含有某个特定的信息，而这些信息往往对分析问题、解决问题起着暗示作用。例如：
(1) —You havent lost the ticket, have you?
—___________. I know its not easy to get another one at the moment. (2004江苏)
A. I hope notB. Yes, I have
C. I hope soD. Yes, Im afraid so
根据答语的第二句“目前弄到一张票很不容易”的信息提示。故选A。
(2) Everyone was on time for the meeting —_____Chris, whos usually ten minutes late for everything.
A. butB. onlyC. evenD. yet
此题的关键是破折号，破折号后的内容是对前面的内容加以解释的。整句的意思是“人人都准时到会了——甚至连干什么事都迟到十分钟的克里斯也准时到会了。”所以要选C。若没有破折号就要选A，因为but作“除了”解时总是与表示全否定、全肯定的词或who连用，例如：Everyone has known it but you. 这样意思就不同了：除了克里斯人人都准时到会了，他干什么事都是迟到十分钟的。
3. 正确理解句意，避免定势思维
在学习过程中，尤其是复习阶段，教师往往就一些常见的、重要的词、词组及句型加以反复强调，以加深学生的印象，学生因此而可能形成思维的定势。例如：
(1) Were going to_____with some friends for a picnic. Would you like to join us? (2004北京春季)
A. get inB. get over
C. get alongD. get together
考生很可能选择C项，get along with sb.“与……相处”。但根据句意，此处应为“欢聚”之意。故选D。
(2) —I cant find Mr. Smith. Where did you meet him this morning?
—It was in the hotel_____he stayed.
A. whereB. which
C. the oneD. that
此题最大的干扰项是D，考生很可能把它看作强调结构。但根据句意，它要表达的是“在他呆的宾馆里找到他的”。所以，实际上是在stayed后省略了that I found him，即全句可完整地表达为It was in the hotel where he stayed that I found him.。故选A。
4. 排除母语干扰，规范英语表达
英汉两种语言在表达上存在很大的差异，考生很可能会用汉语的思维方式去认识和解决英语中的问题，掉入命题人设置的陷阱。例如：
(1) —Were all the three people in the car injured in the accident?
—No,_____only the two passengers who got hurt.
A. it wasB. there was
C. there wereD. there had
考生很可能误选C。因为考生想表达“不，只有两个人受伤”，很可能用There be结构表达自己的思想。但是，本句实际采用了强调结构，强调“only the two passengers”，故选A。
(2) —Excuse me,_____?
—Thats $35.76 altogether, madam.
A. how much is the meal weve had
B. but can I take your order
C. could I have the bill, please
D. would you please take the money
考生很可能误选A，其实答案是C。题意表示“我要结帐了”。
(3)_____, tears came to his eyes.
A. Reading the letter
B. He was reading the letter
C. When he was reading the letter
D. The letter was being read
句意要表达的是“读着这封信，眼泪都出来了”，每一个选项都有可能成为考生的选择对象。根据分词的逻辑主语要和句子的主语保持一致的原则，排除选项B、D。又根据分词的结构特点，排除A项，故选C。
5. 巧用逻辑情理法
单项填空像完形填空一样也要以句意通顺、符合逻辑、符合情理为主要选答依据，切勿在未弄清句意的情况下就因为某些固定搭配而上当误选。例如：
(1) Im sorry I cant help_____the floor of the classroom.
A. sweepingB. swept
C. to sweepD. to sweeping
cant help doing是一个固定搭配，意为“禁不住做……”，同学们很可能因此选A。但是cant help (to) do也是可以的，意为“不能帮助做……”，根据句子的意思，此题应选C。
6. 牢记固定短语及句型还原法
在某些复合句中，被修饰的先行词与定语从句中的动词可构成固定短语。例如；
(1) That was_____we had in London three years ago!
A. wonderful timeB. a wonderful time
C. wonderfulD. wonderfully
此句可还原为：We had a wonderful time in London three years ago．。该复合句中有一固定搭配had a wonderful time（玩得愉快），定语从句中省略了关系代词that，故答案为B。
(2) I am sorry for the trouble I have put you_____the problem.
A. to solveB. of solving
C. to of solvingD. to have solved
本题容易误选A。其实，只要能看出复合句中put sb. to the trouble of doing sth．，就可得出答案C。
篇5：中考数学填空题解题技巧
中考数学填空题解题技巧
一、直接法
这是解填空题的基本方法，它是直接从题设条件出发、利用定义、定理、性质、公式等知识，通过变形、推理、运算等过程，直接得到结果。它是解填空 题的最基本、最常用的方法。使用直接法解填空题，要善于通过现象看本质，熟练应用解方程和解不等式的方法，自觉地、有意识地采取灵活、简捷的解法。
二、特殊化法
当填空题的结论唯一或题设条件中提供的信息暗示答案是一个定值时，而已知条件中含有某些不确定的量，可以将题中变化的不定量选取一些符合条件的 恰当特殊值(或特殊函数，或特殊角，图形特殊位置，特殊点，特殊方程，特殊模型等)进行处理，从而得出探求的结论。这样可大大地简化推理、论证的过程。
三、数形结合法
“数缺形时少直观，形缺数时难入微。”数学中大量数的问题后面都隐含着形的信息，图形的特征上也体现着数的关系。我们要将抽象、复杂的数量关 系，通过形的形象、直观揭示出来，以达到“形帮数”的目的;同时我们又要运用数的规律、数值的计算，来寻找处理形的方法，来达到“数促形”的目的。对于一 些含有几何背景的填空题，若能数中思形，以形助数，则往往可以简捷地解决问题，得出正确的结果。
四、等价转化法
通过“化复杂为简单、化陌生为熟悉”，将问题等价地转化成便于解决的问题，从而得出正确的结果。
中考数学复习谨记三大要素
第一，重视课本知识：任何科目的学习都万变不离其宗，数学也不例外，数学里面的这个“宗”，就是课本，因为所有的学习知识都来源于课本，考试的内容有些高于课本，但是基础知识点还是不会变化的，考试的试题就是课本知识的衍生物，要一点一点去挖掘试题背后的东西，找到其中要考试的重点是哪部分。所以课本还是不能丢的，不能一味地去做一些试题而忽略了课本这个根本。尤其是在学习新知识的时候，必须要保证将课本的知识点和例题弄明白，书后的每个练习都要认真地做一遍，这样才能说我们基本掌握了这一部分知识。
在暑假相信很多同学都会对将要学习的知识进行预习。有很多同学在对数学进行预习的时候有一个误区，就是认为我把书看了就是预习了，我觉得只有在看书的基础之上能够将课本上每节的配套练习解决才算真正的预习，因为数学知识的掌握情况最终还是得体现在解题中。
第二，要学会正确地纠错：在学习数学的过程中，每个人都会犯错，出现错误是正常的，并不可怕，可怕的是很多同学一错再错，这里面就涉及正确纠错的问题。暑假的时间相对充裕，正是我们纠错的好时机。但是数学的改错绝对不是简单地用红笔把得数改正就可以的。正确的纠错应该是首先搞清楚自己到底错在哪里，是自己对题目的分析有问题还是运算过程中出现了错误，其次大家要把自己的错误记在心里，时时强化自己的记忆，纠正头脑中的错误观念。如果条件允许，家长能够把孩子每天犯的错误单独抄在一个本上定期让孩子再重新做一遍，会收到更好的效果。
第三，做好总结：学习之后的总结是学习的一个重要环节，进行总结是对知识进行升华的过程。很多同学也知道要进行总结，但是需要总结什么很多人并不清楚，在这里建议同学们利用暑假时间总结以下几点：
1.总结旧知的知识结构。数学每一章都有一个知识体系，大家应该把这个知识体系总结出来并利用这个知识体系，记忆和掌握数学的各种定理和知识点。
2.总结自己一些容易出现错误的点。大家可以重新回忆自己出现过的错误，看看哪些地方是自己反复出现问题的点，往往反复出现问题的点就是自己的学习漏洞，如果运算有问题就强化运算能力，如果是知识有漏洞就把知识再回顾一遍，并适当地配合着知识做一些练习。
中考数学答题规范技巧
一、答题工具
答选择题时，必须用合格的2B铅笔填涂，如需要对答案进行修改，应使用绘图橡皮轻擦干净，注意不要擦破答题卡。禁止使用涂改液、修正带或透明胶带改错。必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔作答，作图题可先用铅笔绘出，确认后，再用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔描清楚。
二、答题规则与程序
①先选择题、填空题，再做解答题。
②先填涂再解答。
③先易后难。
三、答题位置
按题号在指定的答题区域内作答，如需对答案进行修改，可将需修改的内容划去，然后紧挨在其上方或其下方写出新的答案，修改部分在书写时与正文一样，不能超出该题答题区域的黑色矩形边框，否则修改的答案无效。
四、解题过程及书写格式要求
《考试说明》中对选择填空题提出的要求是“正确、合理、迅速”，因此，解答的基本策略是：快——运算要快，力戒小题大做;
稳——变形要稳，防止操之过急;
全——答案要全，避免对而不全;
活——解题要活，不要生搬硬套;
篇6：雅思阅读填空题解题技巧
一. 短文全文大意的帮助
首先把短文的全文迅速通读一遍，掌握大意。不要在没有掌握全文大意的情况下立即做题，看一句填一句。虽然短文的词数不多，但作为一篇文章，总有一定的主体思想，句与句之间意思上是相连的，整篇短文就是一个有机的整体。通读全文，有利于掌握文章的逻辑思维，顺着思路选词来填，就比较容易做对了。许多考生往往不先通读短文全文，上来就匆忙去找词填空。看似快，实际上选词时看来看去，思前想后，犹豫不决，不知选哪个才对，反而大大减慢了速度。
二. 利用信号词来定位和定词
归纳填空题的形式为一篇短文，文中有若干个空，要求考生在其中填词。空格前后往往会有信号词，我们可以借助之在原文中定位，再在所定位部位的附近范围内找出该采用的原文原词(对于1)或断定该填的单词表中的同义词(对于2)。不少情况下，在空格前和后的信号词，相对应地也是出现在原文中正确的词的前和后的，前后信号词的“夹击”下，更方便我们选对词了。所以信号词技巧也仍然是这种题的重要技巧。
三. 空格前后的上下文的帮助
空格肯定是处于句子中的，亦即所谓空格无非是一个句子抽掉了其中的某个词(语)所形成的。因此，在整篇短文大意的大背景下，再考虑空格前后的上下文意思，然后将在1或2中备选的数个词(语)进行比对，就不难确定该填入哪个了。空格前后上下文的意义与全篇短文主体思想的结合分析，在决定选词上尤为重要，注意运用这点，能使我们做题快许多。
四. 语法知识的帮助
一些基本的语法知识对于我们确定词性范围甚或选定具体的词都有直截了当的决定作用，又简单又快。空格前后的词往往都提示了空格中的词是何种词性，是否比较级，谓语或非谓语，单数还是复数，及物动词或不及物动词，等等。例如，空格之前是a的话，表明空格该填的是个可数名词的单数形式，而且该名词的发音是以辅音音标开头的(否则，空格前的a就该是an了)。
上面的几种方法技巧若能够熟练掌握，并能在做题时灵活机动地运用，一般都可以收到满意的效果。尤其是对于2，往往就用一、三、四的方法，而不用去看原文，都能填对相当数量的空格，甚至全部空格。因为2是题目提供了一个单词表让你从中选，表中的单词范围毕竟比原文的小多了，加上一、三两法篇章和句子意义逻辑上的筛选，以及方法四语法逻辑上的筛选，三重过滤之下，很容易就能断定某些空格该有的词。试看下面的例子：
Summary
Homeopathy differs from conventional medicine in a number of ways. Conventional medicine views symptoms as an indication of something wrong in the body, whereas homeopathy sees them as signs that the body is attempting to (1) ______________. The uses of medication differ also. Many types of conventional medication (2) ______________ but if the medicine is taken away, the illness returns. The intention of homeopathy is to bring about a complete cure. Homeopathic remedies are (3) ___________ than conventional medicine and have fewer (4) ________________.
List of Words/Phrases
cheapercureheal itself
illnesstreatmentsgetting better
control symptomsmore expensiveside effects
higherhealthypatients
(1)的空格从语法上判断必是动词原形，表中只有三个，cure、heal itself、control symptoms，而cure可以排除，因其如作及物动词，后面缺宾语;如作不及物动词，意思不通。control symptoms放在这里同样意思不对，因为之前的那个them就是指symptoms，这样句子的逻辑意义不对，因此只有heal itself才对。(2)的空格前是一名词性短语，很明显是作主语的，那么空格(2)就是谓语了，刚才三个动词已去掉两个，只剩下control symptoms，结合后面的but连接的句子来看，意思也对，所以空格(2)就填control symptoms了。空格(3)该是形容词比较级，从上下文来看，只有cheaper合适。最后(4)空格前面是fewer，说明这里肯定是个复数名词，表中只有side effects是正确的。
可见，遇到类似的情况，熟练利用上述技巧，就能快速选对答案，而不用去原文找，节省了不少时间。当然，如果光靠一、三、四法不能解决的，那再动用二法，起码能够快速确定地先解决了，这样也能够赢得更多时间。
雅思阅读原来是这么考的，不看不知道
如果要问雅思阅读中难度最大的题型是哪种题型，相信99%的烤鸭都会说是选择题。的确，选择题是最考查学生能力的题型，因为考生必须要读懂句子，正确理解识并识别同义替换，才能选出正确的选项。所以，这个题目就成了让无数烤鸭在考场上尽折腰的题目，也是想考阅读8+高分的烤鸭们必须要突破的题目。
如果选择题是这样的:
出题模式一：
句子1：It seems that the viewer can sense the artists’ vision in paintings, even if they can’t explain why.
题目：下面哪个选项与上句意思一致?
A. mostly favour works of art which they know well.
B.hold fixed ideas about what makes a good work of art.
C.are often misled by their initial expectations of a work of art.
D.have the ability to perceive the intention behind works of art.
那么应该90%的同学可以做对，正确答案是D。如果做不对的同学，请你踏踏实实去背背核心词或是学术核心词汇566吧。
但是，选择题的实际出题模式是这样的：
出题模式二：
这篇文章的标题是：Neuroaesthetics
题目：Angelina Hawley-Dolan’s findings indicate that people
A mostly favour works of art which they know well.
Bhold fixed ideas about what makes a good work of art.
Care often misled by their initial expectations of a work of art.
Dhave the ability to perceive the intention behind works of art.
原文出题点：Angelina Hawley-Dolan, of Boston College, Massachusettes, responded to this debate by asking volunteers to view pairs of paintings - either the creations of famous abstract artists or the doodles of infants, chimps and elephant. They then had to judge which they preferred. A third of the paintings were given no captions, while many were labelled incorrectly-volunteers might think they were viewing a chimp’s messy brushstrokes when they were actually seeing an acclaimed masterpiece. In each set of trials, volunteers generally preferred the work of renowned artists, even when they believed it was by an animal or a child. It seems that the viewer can sense the artist’s vision in paintings, even if they can’t explain why.
出题模式一，其实就是雅思选择题的本质所在。出题模式二是正常的雅思考试的出题模式，配上抽象的主题和很多看似简单又读不懂的无关信息，以此来加大考试的难度，这就是雅思考官出题的套路。
出题模式一和二一对比，大家就明白了，其实选择题，真正的难点在于：同学们往往不能准确定位出考官的出题点到底是哪一句子。烤鸭们一般可以大概定位到题目出题“面”--- 段落，但是，却不能准确定位“点”--出题的句子。所以，很多同学常常有需要读一整段或是两个段落来解一个选择题的错觉。
简言之，雅思阅读选择题的解题关键是：一定要能够准确点位出题点!这样，就可以有效排除很多干扰信息了。而在仅有的一个句子中，去读懂，再去识别选项的同义替换，这样选择题的难度就大大减小了。
那么，问题来了?如何锁定出题点呢?如何做到从“面”到“点”的准确定位呢?
定位选择题的出题点，可以根据题目的提问方式，来进行分类，每类题目的出题点和出题规律一般都是比较固定。雅思选择题的提问方式和出题点位置，一般可以分为以下几大类：
出题规律1：实验看结果
考查实验相关的题目，一般重点都是考实验的结果，重点直接去文中快速锁定实验的结果，一般表结果的关键词是：findings, ...found that..., It seems that..., it would seem that....
正常来说：当讲到某个实验的时候，文中的行文顺序：WHY该实验的背景/目的--HOW该实验如何进行--WHAT实验对象在实验做了什么或是如何表现的---Results/Findings。所以，当提到某个实验时，一般会有2-3句来讲实验的why, how和what，结果往往放在最后。解题时，直接快速跳到实验后边去看实验的结果。
如上题所示：题目问Angelina Hawley-Dolan’s findings indicate...(他的实验结果表明....), 文中，段落前几句描述的都是跟实验相关的内容，到最后一句It seems that..., 才是结果。考生们在做题前，如果能够非常清晰的了解这个特点的话，就可以高效准确的解题了。
出题规律2：例子看观点
题目考查具体例子的，一般都是问例子说明或支持的观点，重点看原文例子的前后句。举例都是为了说明观点的。如果段落开头就是例子的，则需要看例子所在段落的前段的主要观点，观点的位置一般在上段的最后部分，提出一个观点，然后下段用例子证明。一般例子讲完后，在例子后边会再次总结一下观点。简言之，出现例子的重点看例子前后的句子。
出题规律3：主旨细节要分清
如果题目提问中出现段落的，如果是问段落大意，就看段落主题句，快速把握段落主旨。出现段落，但不问主旨的，一定要先定好段落中具体细节，再解题。如: According to the eighth paragraph, how was the geography of the region significant? 题目中提到第8段，但是不能看一整个段落解题，还要定位到关键词geography 所在的句子，理解后再做题。
雅思阅读模拟题：Hormones in the Body
Hormones in the Body
Up to the beginning of the twentieth century, the nervous system was thought to control all communication within the body and the resulting integration of behavior. Scientists had determined that nerves ran, essentially, on electrical impulses. These impulses were thought to be the engine for thought, emotion, movement, and internal processes such as digestion. However, experiments by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling on the chemical secretin, which is produced in the small intestine when food enters the stomach, eventually challenged that view. From the small intestine, secretin travels through the bloodstream to the pancreas. There, it stimulates the release of digestive chemicals. In this fashion, the intestinal cells that produce secretin ultimately regulate the production of different chemicals in a different organ, the pancreas.
Such a coordination of processes had been thought to require control by the nervous system; Bayliss and Starling showed that it could occur through chemicals alone. This discovery spurred Starling to coin the term hormone to refer to secretin, taking it from the Greek word hormon, meaning “to excite” or “to set in motion.” A hormone is a chemical produced by one tissue to make things happen elsewhere.
As more hormones were discovered, they were categorized, primarily according to the process by which they operated on the body. Some glands (which make up the endocrine system) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Such glands include the thyroid and the pituitary. The exocrine system consists of organs and glands that produce substances that are used outside the bloodstream, primarily for digestion. The pancreas is one such organ, although it secretes some chemicals into the blood and thus is also part of the endocrine system.
Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery. Some play such key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absence would cause immediate death. The most abundant hormones have effects that are less obviously urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track: They modify moods and affect human behavior, even some behavior we normally think of as voluntary. Hormonal systems are very intricate. Even minute amounts of the right chemicals can suppress appetite, calm aggression, and change the attitude of a parent toward a child. Certain hormones accelerate the development of the body, regulating growth and form; others may even define an individual’s personality characteristics. The quantities and proportions of hormones produced change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.
In fact, some hormone therapies are already very common. A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. Known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the treatment was also believed to prevent weakening of the bones. At least one study has linked HRT with a heightened risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer. HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form. Some proponents of HRT have tempered their enthusiasm in the face of this new evidence, recommending it only to patients whose symptoms interfere with their abilities to live normal lives.
Human growth hormone may also be given to patients who are secreting abnormally low amounts on their own. Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it. Growth hormone affects not just physical size but also the digestion of food and the aging process. Researchers and family physicians tend to agree that it is foolhardy to dispense it in cases in which the risks are not clearly outweighed by the benefits.
雅思阅读练习题：Is life miserable without passion?
The problem with following your passion
满怀激情带来的问题
In a recent biography of Elon Musk, Bloomberg technology writer Ashlee Vance documents how the entrepreneur(企业家) transformed the electric car industry, launched rockets into space, developed solar technology and devised plans to colonize Mars. Vance emphasizes Musk’s diligence and unwavering(不动摇的) zeal(热情), not just his intelligence and eccentricities(奇思妙想，怪异). Like Steve Jobs, Musk is a mercurial(反复无常的)perfectionist, prone to moments of rage, spurred by passion. (与Steve Jobs一样，Musk也是一个追求完美的人，性格反复无常，容易着急上火，激情四溢。)
It’s tempting to read about someone like Elon Musk and conclude that passion is a prerequisite(前提)for success. And months from now, it’s likely that a suite of commencement(毕业典礼)speakers will stand in front of class after class of new graduates, remarking that “the only way to do great work is to love what you do,” as Steve Jobs told the Stanford class of .
But is passion really an essential condition for leading a successful life? That idea has come under attack in the last few years. Passion is increasingly labeled as mere post hoc(事后的) storytelling, an empty cliché(老生常谈)that makes for a good narrative(激情越来越被标签为事后归因的故事，是为了讲出好故事而说的空洞套话。). Cal Newport, an assistant professor at Georgetown University and author of So Good They Can’t Ignore You, insists the passion mantra(颂歌) is not just unoriginal but misleading. The goal shouldn’t be to find your passion—as if it has been there, undiscovered, from the beginning—but to create one.
Recently, a team of psychologists led by Patricia Chen, a graduate student at the University of Michigan, published research that gives us new insights into the relationship between passion and work. The team polled 794 people and found that about 70 percent believed passion is about matching an intrinsically(内在地)rewarding skill with a certain line of work—what Chen calls the fit theory.(该研究团队调查了794个人后发现，大约70%的人都相信，所谓激情就是一种内在的激励技能与某种工作相匹配了——陈将其称为“匹配理论”。Under this paradigm(模式), it’s easy to explain people like Musk and Jobs: They persevered because their work tapped(开发)into a fundamental joy of theirs.
The other 30 percent of participants in the study indicated that passion for work is developed and cultivated over time—what Chen calls the develop theory.(另外30%的受调查者认为，工作激情是在时间中培养出来的——陈将其称为“培养理论”。)According to this view, which is similar to what Newport endorses, we should think of our skills and proclivities(倾向)as malleable(可以塑造的)instead of fixed. Passion is the result of persistent and deliberate practice.
Across four studies, the psychologists found that those who think passion can be developed were just as likely to be satisfied with their job in the long run as those who searched for a perfect fit. (在所有4项研究中，心理学家们发现，那些认为激情是可以培养的人与那些寻求匹配的人，从长远看，同样可能从工作中获得满足。)These findings suggest, Chen and her team note, that people can “achieve similar levels of well-being at work by endorsing(赞同)either the fit or develop theory.”
This piece of research helps psychologists better understand the nature of passion, yet it still pivots off a very narrow definition, in which to be passionate about something is essentially to enjoy particular challenges that would otherwise be grueling(痛苦的). (这项研究帮助心理学家们更好地理解激情的性质，然而该研究仍基于一个非常狭窄的定义，即，对某事充满激情本质上就是喜欢某些原本令人痛苦的挑战。)Moreover, it assumes such passion is the basis for a rewarding professional life.
We’d like to introduce two more concepts to broaden what we mean when we talk about passion. Psychological research shows that life satisfaction correlates with the ability to assess something from multiple viewpoints. (心理学研究表明，人生的满足感与多角度评价事物的能力相关。)And so by widening the meaning of passion, we also allow ourselves more opportunities to find meaning and satisfaction in the lives we lead.
In German, the word for passion is Leidenschaft, which literally means the ability to endure adversity(不利情况，逆境). It is a much less rosy word, not the graduation bromide(溴化物;老套的安慰话) its English counterpart(对等物;对应物)has become. If you’re passionate about something in Germanic cultures, you don’t necessarily enjoy it. Leidenschaft is about knowing the pursuit will be unpleasant but tolerating it because the outcome is worth the cost. Critically, Germans can be passionate about an activity without feeling the need to pursue it as a profession or worry about higher ideals. From this view, work is a means to an end, enabling the pursuit of passion during non-work time.
In Eastern Europe, passion can also be understood as cierpienie (which roughly translates to “suffering” in Polish). It’s a word that describes having a calling, but without any implications of deriving pleasure. You have no choice but to endure it, even when the outcome is not necessarily positive.
A good example is Phil Hansen, an artist who developed permanent nerve damage in his hand from spending years practicing pointillism(点画派)—a drawing and painting technique in which small dots are used to create a larger image. Because of his jittery hand, Hansen could no longer draw straight lines; his previously round dots began to look like “tadpoles.” He eventually dropped out of art school and gave up art completely.
When his doctor suggested that he “embrace the shake,” Hansen decided to develop a new approach to art that relied on his handicap. The result was a new genre of creative work. Hansen made portraits out of matches, grease and food. He still used his hands to draw, but instead of creating images from perfect dots, he drew pictures composed entirely of squiggles.
In the American sense of the word, art is Hansen’s passion. But it’s more accurate to describe his life with cierpienie. He still experiences joint pain and he still can’t draw straight, so he has no choice but to endure his limitation. Despite his glowing TED Talk, the outcome is usually negative, as is the case with all creative work. The final product invariably results from dozens of failed ones.
Although it’s important to value work that is intrinsically fulfilling, let’s stop advertising the myopic(短视的)idea that life without passion—whether it is something to be found or created—is not worth living. Working adults aren’t either passionate and fulfilled or lifeless and miserable. That’s an overly simplified worldview, in which the dreary desk workers of the world are constantly pitted against the Elon Musks. (工作中的成年人并非只有“要么充满激情和成就，要么没有生机和痛苦”两种选择。那种世界观过于简单，这种观点长期让世界上那些枯燥的案头工作人员与Elon Musk们处于对立状态。)
Instead, we should recast our own American concept of passion to include other definitions that embrace a broader sense of what a meaningful life could look like. “Having too few constructs or insufficiently validated ones can create problems, particularly when life is moving quickly and you are trying to make sense of it,” Cambridge University psychologist Brian Little writes in his book Me, Myself and Us. “Your constructs can cage you in.” (“建构太少，或者你的建构得不到充分证实，这都会带来问题，尤其是当生命匆匆，你想从中找到意义的时候，”剑桥大学心理学家Brian Little在其《我，我自己和我们》中写道。“你的种.种建构可能将你自己困住。”)
Vocabulary
Entrepreneur 企业家
Unwavering 不动摇的
Zeal 热情
Eccentricity 怪异性
Mercurial 水性杨花的;易变的
Prerequisite 前提
Commencement 毕业典礼;开始
Post hoc 事后的
Cliché 陈词滥调
Mantra 颂歌
Intrinsically 内在地
Paradigm 模式
Proclivity 倾向
Malleable 可以锻造的;可以改变的
Endorse 同意;签署
Grueling 痛苦的
Adversity 不利情况;敌人
Counterpart 对等物
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