高考语法填空：生词如何改形容词

高考语法填空：生词如何改形容词（通用3篇）

篇1：高考语法填空：生词如何改形容词

(1) 在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白, 部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式, 根据上下文填写空白处所需内容 (1个单词) 或所提供单词的正确形式。

(2) 纯空格题填空或用所给词的适当形式填空。 (教育部2016)

学生想做好语法填空题, 除了要有扎实的英语基础知识外, 还必须有较强的逻辑判断、分析理解能力。既然语篇型语法填空题重在考查考生的综合语言运用能力, 其“突出语篇, 强调运用”的命题思路显而易见, 那么作为高中英语教师, 在教学中就应该探索一些行之有效的解题技巧, 引导学生在掌握好相关语法知识的基础上, 切实有效地提高学生做该题型的准确率。笔者通过分析2014~2016年全国高考英语课标卷 (I卷和II卷) 语法填空题的命题特点, 结合自己的教学经验, 做出如下归纳:

一、近三年语法填空题的图表分析

(一) 2014~2016年全国高考英语课标卷语法填空测试项目统计 (见表1)

从表1可以看出, 语篇型语法填空题的文章体裁主要是记叙文和说明文;常考的实词 (大都给出提示词) 是动词、名词、形容词和代词;常考的虚词 (大都无提示词) 是介词、冠词和连词。

(二) 2014~2016年全国高考英语课标卷语法填空各小题的命题特点分析 (见表2)

根据2014~2016年全国高考英语课标卷的考点走势情况可知, 时态、非谓语动词每年必考;词性转换也是必考类型, 且每年至少考两题;名词的单复数问题、主谓一致等也是必考类型。形容词考查可能性最大的是形容词和副词之间形式的转化、等级的变化等。复合句 (如名词性从句、定语从句等) 以及一些特殊句式也是常考点。

二、语篇型语法填空题常考点归纳及教学策略辨析

(一) 解题步骤

笔者认为, 教师在训练语篇型语法填空题时应引导学生遵循如下解题步骤: (1) 浏览全文, 掌握大意; (2) 分析句子, 判断词性; (3) 依据用法, 确定词形; (4) 注意搭配, 前后连贯; (5) 先易后难, 通篇检查。

(二) 有提示词填空题的常考点

有提示词填空题主要考查动词 (包括谓语动词的时态、语态、语气;非谓语动词的不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词) ;名词的单复数问题、所有格的正确形式;形容词和副词 (包括形容词和副词之间的互相转换以及比较级和最高级的转化) 等。此类空格一般设置7个。

1.如果空格处所给的是动词, 首先应判断该动词充当谓语还是非谓语成分;如果是谓语成分, 观察是否有与之并列的动词, 并考虑相关的时态和语态, 同时还应考虑主谓一致的问题。

[例1]This cycle (68) ________ (go) day after day;The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night... (2015全国新课标卷II)

【分析】由于分号后的句子动词使用的是一般现在时, 前面的句子缺少谓语动词, 时态应与其保持一致, 主语this cycle是第三人称单数, 故填goes。

[例2]So it was a great honor to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research.I (62) ______ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. (2016全国新课标卷I)

【分析】根据句意分析:“我”应是被允许接近大熊猫, 即“I”与动词allow之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态;且空格处叙述的是过去发生的动作, 因此用一般过去时的被动语态, 故填was allowed。

2.如果句子中已经有谓语动词, 而且空格处又不是并列谓语成分, 应填非谓语成分, 这时, 教师应引导学生进一步确定该非谓语与逻辑主语构成主谓关系还是动宾关系。确定方法举例如下:

[例1]The adobe dwellings (土坯房) (61) _____ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers. (2015全国新课标卷II)

【分析】通过分析句子结构可知, 本句的谓语是are admired, 空格处在句中作后置定语, 与其所修饰的名词“adobe dwellings (土坯房) ”之间是被动关系, 而且动作已完成, 因此应用所给词的过去分词形式, 故填built。

[例2]When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough (66) ___ (cool) the house during the hot day. (2015全国新课标卷II)

【分析】enough to do sth.是固定短语, 引导结果状语, 故填to cool。

[例3]Still, the boy kept (67) _________ (ride) . (2014全国新课标卷II)

【分析】kept后接动名词作宾语, 意为“一直做某事”, 故填riding。

3.教师可引导学生通读全文, 把握整篇文章的内容;然后根据句子结构, 确定空格处该选用什么词性;再根据所学的语法和词汇知识确定词的形式。

[例]In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their (63) ______ (able) to“air condition”a house without using electric equipment. (2015全国新课标卷II)

【分析】根据空格前的形容词物主代词“is”和“their”可知, 空格处应该填形容词able的单数名词形式ability。

4.若括号内给的是形容词, 首先判断应填比较级还是最高级, 教师应引导学生注意分析语境, 尤其注意辨析省略了than的隐性比较级;其次应判断此处是否考查副词, 即空格处是否应填副词形式;另外, 若括号内是副词, 应判断是否考查形容词, 即把副词改成形容词形式。但有时也应根据空格前后的词判断是否应把该副词改成对应的名词形式或是否要加否定前缀。

[例1]If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of (61) ______ (great) and less importance. (2016新课标全国卷II)

【分析】根据空格后的“and less importance”可知, 此处应用great的比较级形式与“less”并列, 故填greater。

[例2]His mistake caused a lot of___________ (necessary) work in the office.

【分析】句意表示“他的失误带来了很多不必要的工作”, 根据句意可知应该选用意思相反的词, 故填unnecessary。

在平时的教学中, 教师应引导学生熟记常见的形容词和副词的前缀与后缀, 以确保拼写准确无误。

5.代词:主要考查代词的基本用法, 作主语用主格, 作宾语或表语用宾格;还应注意形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区别;指示代词 (it和this) 、it用作引导词、反身代词等。

[例1]A few hours (62) before/earlier, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with (63) ___________ (it) choking smog. (2015全国新课标卷I)

【分析】空格处在句中作定语, 修饰名词“smog”, 应用形容词性物主代词, 故填its。

[例2]Then the driver stood up and asked, “ (68) Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear!It’s (69) ______ (I) .” (2014全国新课标卷II)

【分析】该句的句意为:“那个行李箱是我的。”也可以理解为:“丢东西的人是我。”故填mine或me。

(三) 无提示词常考点

无提示词的空格一般设置3个。主要考查冠词a的泛指、the的特指及冠词的特殊用法;介词before, after, behind, to, by, as, against等的基本用法及固定搭配中的for, at, on等介词;and, or, but等并列连词;what, that, which, who, as, where, why, when等连接词;特殊句式 (如强调句等基本句型) 等。

1.名词前是空格, 若该名词前没有限定词, 很可能是填冠词。

[例]Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for (68) ________while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. (2016全国新课标卷II)

【分析】根据句子结构判断while在该句中作名词, for a while是固定短语, 意为“一会儿”, 故填冠词a。

2.名词或代词前面是空格, 且该名词或代词在句子中不作主语、表语, 也不作动词的宾语时, 很可能是填介词。

[例]I got a place next (64) ______the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. (2014全国新课标卷II)

【分析】通过句子结构分析“the window”在句中不作主语、宾语或表语, 根据句意“作者找了一个靠窗的座位坐下”, next to为固定搭配, 意为“临近、挨着”, 故填to。

3.若空格前后都是句子或其前后是并列的单词或短语, 可能填连词。

[例]There were many people waiting at the bus stop, (62) ______some of them looked very anxious and disappointed. (2014新课标全国卷II)

【分析】认真分析句子可以看出空格前后都是完整的句子, 所以应填入一个连词来连接这两个句子, 再结合前后两个句子的逻辑关系判断, 此处应填and表并列关系, 故填and。

4.若一个主干成分完整的句子和一个由设空处引导的句子同时出现, 则设空处应填从句的连接词。

[例]But my connection with pandas goes back (64) to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, (65) _________I was the first Western TV reporter (66) permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. (2016全国新课标卷I)

【分析】通过分析可以看出, 65空之后的句子是一个非限制性定语从句, 先行词是“the mid-1980s”, 且在从句中作时间状语, 因此空格处应填关系副词when引导定语从句。

5.根据特殊句式结构判断空格应填的词。如so/such...that...;There is no doubt that...;There is no point in doing...;as...as;have no choice but to do...等句式、句型。

[例]So, get an early start and try to be as productive (65) ______possible before lunch. (2016全国新课标卷II)

【分析】as...as possible是固定句式, 意为“尽可能……”符合语境, 故填as。

(四) 口诀

为了便于学生做题时有明确的思路, 教师还可编写一些读起来朗朗上口的口诀, 便于学生记忆, 并指导学生打开思路。例如:

给词提示多变化, 动名形副来当家;

时态语态加语气, 主谓一致非谓语;

名词关注单复数, 词形变化常hold住;

adj.adv.在一起, 莫忘比较最高级;

没有提示天地宽, 介代连冠副开颜。

结束语

语篇型语法填空题虽然对学生来说是个大挑战, 但只要教师在平时的教学中坚持树立基于语篇的教学观, 不仅能针对单个句子的语法进行分析, 而且能坚持应用语篇分析理论进行语法教学, 并不断渗透语篇型语法填空题的微技巧, 那么学生的语篇型语法填空题的解题能力就一定能得到显著的提高, 从而不断提高该类题型的得分率。

摘要：分析20142016年全国高考英语课标卷 (I卷和II卷) 的命题特点, 结合教学经验, 归纳解题技巧。认为教师在平时的教学中树立基于语篇的教学观有助于学生解题能力的提高, 从而提高语篇型语法填空题的教学效率。

关键词：高考英语,语篇型语法填空题,解题技巧

参考文献

篇2：高考语法填空：生词如何改形容词

【关键词】英语高考 语法填空题 备考复习提纲

【中图分类号】G633.41 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-3089（2014）09-0137-01

一、考纲分析

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题的题型进行了重大改革，将单项选择题换成了语篇型语法填空题，增加了考试的难度， 考试大纲的说明中是这样陈述的，“在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，部分空白的后面给出了单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容（不多于3个单词）或所提供单词的正确形式。”这就对学生的语言知识的提取和应用提出了更高的要求，侧重考察基础语法点在具体综合语篇中的应用，强调语言的交际功能。

二、题型解读

（一）选材

语法填空题又称为开放式语篇填空，有短文体和对话体两种形式，选材广泛，内容多样，涉及历史人物，人物传记，精英成长历程，风土人情，寓言故事，西方节日等等，篇章与语句的结构变化丰富多彩。

（二）形式和内容

语法填空命题形式有“纯空格题”和“用括号所给词的适当形式填空”两种。在纯空格题中，要求填的词都是一些拼写简单的单词，平均每个词4-6个字母。主要考查冠词、介词、代词和连接词以及功能性结构副词等5类；各类从句的引导词，如名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词、引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词，引导状语从句的从属连词，以及连接并列句的并列连词，都被称为连接词。

用括号所给词的形式填空时，不可以出现于所给词无关的其他词，主要考查谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、词性转换等。

（三）复习备考提纲

1.词汇。掌握最常用的1000左右的词汇和它们的派生词。

2.常用短语、with复合结构。这一类知识主要在平时多积累，记忆要准确。

3.考试大纲中涉及的语法项目。根据考试大纲对高考语法的要求，共24大项，50个小项，在复习备考语法填空题时，要注意以下内容的掌握：

（1）名词：可数名词复数的规则和不规则变化，名词的格，常见不可数名词及不可数名词具体化等。

（2）冠词：冠词和零冠词用法，表类别的冠词。

（3）代词：none 的用法，部分否定，人称代词、反身代词、物主代词，one， other ， another， others 的基本用法， it， one， that基本用法。

（4）數词：基数词和序数词的基本写法，分数百分数的写法，四则运算的单复数，另外几个的表达法，dozen， score， hundred 等词的用法，倍数表达法，年龄和长、宽、高的表达。

（5）as … as结构的用法：as far as， as long as， as good as， as well as。

（6）形容词和副词的考查的内容较琐碎：形容词、副词的比较级和最高级，修饰形容词比较级和最高级的副词， 以？鄄ly 结尾的形容词，同一范围内和不同范围内的比较。

（7）情态动词的用法：情态动词+have done， Must用法， Need/dare用法；易错词can/ be able to等。

（8）只接V？鄄ling作宾语的动词，动词+介词+ing作宾语

（9）see， watch， notice， look at， observe 等的宾补结构

（10）和不定式搭配使用的名词，need， time， way， chance， oppor？鄄ltunity， courage， ability， 构成no chance to go to school 类型的句式。还有一些形容词，kind， glad， easy， hard， wrong， first 等，作find，think， feel 等词的宾补，常和不定式搭配。

（11）常用主动结构表示被动的动词和短语。

（12）it 句式 It is time （for sb.） to do sth. It’s （high） time that sb. did

It is adj.+sb. should do It is adj+of/for sb.to do

It is no use/good doing

It is+被强调部分+that/ who It is said/reported/known that It is+段时间+since It was/will be+时间+ before

It is the first time that

（13）时态和语态：考试中出现频率较高的，一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时的基本形式及它们的被动语态。

三、解题关键

1.总结做题规律、善于发现提示词语，注意句型、搭配、逻辑关系、句子结构、上下文等。考生必须在平时的学习过程中，逐渐积累。比如：若句子缺状语或修饰动词，一定是填副词。修饰作主语或宾语的人的状态，常用？鄄ed结尾的形容词。

2.理解短文：考试以“合情合理、文意通顺、能达到交流的目的”为第一原则。解题之前，我们首先应通读全文，理解大意，把握故事的整体走向。文中相当的一部分空格是通过对文章逻辑结构的把握来确定正确答案的。在答题之前，最好对全文通读两遍，不要一拿到试题就立刻开始作答。

篇3：破解高考英语语法填空

(—)

Are you facing a situation that looks impossi-ble to fix?

In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland,Ohio.It 61＿＿＿＿＿＿

(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.The river was so polluted that it 62＿＿＿＿＿＿(actual)caught fire and burned.Now,ears later,this river is one of 63＿＿＿＿＿＿most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.

But the river wasn't changed in a few days 64＿＿＿＿＿＿even a few months.It took years of work 65＿＿＿＿＿＿(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.Finally,that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is66＿＿＿＿＿＿(clean) than ever.

Maybe you are facing an impossible situa-tion.Maybe you have a habit 67＿＿＿＿＿＿is driving your family crazy.Possibly you drink too much or don't know how to control your credit card use.When you face such an impossible situation,don't you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?

While there are 68＿＿＿＿＿＿(amaze) stories of instant transformation,for most of us the69＿＿＿＿＿＿(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be 70＿＿＿＿＿＿(patience).(2014年全国I卷)

(二)

One morning,I was waiting at the bus stop,worried about 61＿＿＿＿＿＿(be) late for school.There were many people waiting at the bus stop,62＿＿＿＿＿some of them looked very anxious and 63＿＿＿＿＿＿(disappoint).when the bus fi- nally came,we all hurried on board.I got a place next 64＿＿＿＿＿＿the window,so I had a good view of the sidewalk.A boy on a bike 65__________(catch) my attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver,but he refused66＿＿＿＿＿＿(stop) until we reached the next stop.Still,the boy kept 67＿＿＿＿＿＿(ride).He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.Finally,when we came to the next stop,the boy ran up to the door of the bus.I heard an excited conversation.Then the driver stood up and asked,“68＿＿＿＿＿＿anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”A woman on the bus shouted,“Oh,dear!It's 69＿＿＿＿＿＿(I)”.She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully.Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done,and the crowd of strangers 70＿＿＿＿＿＿(sudden) became friendly to one another.(2014年全国Ⅱ卷)

(三)

It was raining lightly when I 61________(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn't care.A few hours 62＿＿＿＿＿＿,I'd been at home in Hong Kong,with 63＿＿＿＿＿＿(it) choking smog.Here,the air was clean and fresh,even with the rain.

I'd skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64＿＿＿＿＿＿are pictured by artists in so many Chinese65＿＿＿＿＿＿(painting).Instead,I'd headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin,it's only an hour away 66＿＿＿＿＿＿car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.

Yangshuo 67＿＿＿＿＿＿(be) really beautiful.A study of travelers 68＿＿＿＿＿＿(conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie&Kent,a travel company in Hong Kong,says it 69________(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people70＿＿＿＿＿＿(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(2015年全国Ⅰ卷)

(四)

The adobe dwellings(土坯房)61＿＿＿＿＿＿(build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62＿＿＿＿＿＿most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63＿＿＿＿＿＿(able) to“air condition”a house without 64＿＿＿＿＿＿(use) exercise equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65＿＿＿＿＿＿(slow) during cool nights,thus warming the house.When a new day breaks,the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66＿＿＿＿＿＿(cool) the house during the hot day,67＿＿＿＿＿＿the same time,they warm up again for the night.This cycle68＿＿＿＿＿＿(go) day after day:The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.As 69＿＿＿＿＿＿(nature) architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly70＿＿＿＿＿＿thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(2015年全国Ⅱ卷)

参考答案:

(一)61.was 62.actually 63.the 64.or65.to reduce 66.cleaner 67.that/which68.amazing 69.changes 70.patient

(二)61.being 62.and 63.disappointed 64.to 65.caught 66.to stop 67.riding68.Did 69.me/mine 70.suddenly

(三) 61.arrived 62.before/earlier 63.its 64.that/which 65.Paintings 66.by 67.is68.conducted 69.regularly 70.living

(四)61.built 62.the 63.ability 64.using 65.slowly 66.to cool 67.at 68.goes69.natural 70.how

二、考向探究

语法填空题旨在考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法知识的掌握情况,着重考查考生的语言综合运用能力,体现了语言测试的交际性原则。这种题型在2007年广东省高考英语试题中首先采用;2014年全国卷开始引进这种语篇型语法填空题,以替代单句型语言知识题;个别省份如福建、湖南、辽宁等也有尝试,考查的点各有差异。

语法填空题属于一种不设选项的完形填空题,完形填空注重词义的选择或词的搭配,语法填空注重考查语言形式和逻辑结构,也就是说语法填空题以语篇为载体,考查学生的语法和词汇知识。其命题特点是:

1.短文长度在180～200词之间,设置10个空格,把空白填写完整,以使短文意思连贯。

2.提供单词提示的主要是动词、形容词、名词三大类,也出现过代词,考生要根据语境写出单词的正确形式,一般有7个小题;纯空格形式要求考生根据语境在每个空格处填入一个合适的词,这类题有3个小题,主要考查连词、介词、从句的引导词、冠词等。

3.语法填空题以考查动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词等实词和连词、介词、冠词等虚词为主;句法方面主要考查复合句的引导词,如定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句的引导词。试题考查的都是最基本的语法知识,没有偏、难、怪题,大多数题目的设计都比较简单。

4.文章的选材多与课标话题相关,注重人文色彩,体裁多用说明文或夹叙夹议的文章,首句也有可能设空。

三、应试策略

语法填空题的上下文内容能够更有效地考查考生对语法知识的运用情况。该题型的答案虽有开放度,但可控性较强,属于半客观性试题,评分误差很小,能够使高考英语科仍保持较高的信度。所以考生须灵活运用语法知识,如单词词性、动词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填入的内容。

语法填空考查形式分为给出提示词和不给出提示词两种。

(一)对于不给出提示词的题,考生应根据上下文语境和分析句子结构,确定应填入的是冠词、关系词、连词,还是代词等。

1.冠词可以说是名词的一种标志,不能离开名词而单独使用,所以在没有其他限定词的名词前的空格通常要考虑填入冠词。遇到考查冠词题时,先问自己这是泛指还是特指,可采用“一”验证法,先将句子翻译成某“一”,有“一”,每“一”,又“一”,“一”个,如果成立,就用不定冠词a或an。

2.当“＿＿＿＿＿＿(+限定词)+名词”或“＿＿＿＿＿＿+代词”在句中不充当主语或宾语时,该空格通常应填介词。此外,填介词时,除了考虑与其后名词的搭配外,也要考虑与前面的动词、形容词的搭配,如in time,on time,on foot,by bus,in fact,in English,on duty,to one's surprise,look after,look for,wait for,make up for,put off,worry about,be fond of,be good at,be popular with等。

3.连词主要起连接作用,表明句子之间的关系,因此我们做题时,要弄清句子之间的关系。(1)若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间,没有句号或分号,也没有连词,那么空格处必定填连词,否则,句子结构就不完整。(2)连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时,应填并列连词and,or,but等。

4.从句是必考点,主要考查各种从句的引导词,如状语从句、定语从句、主语从句、宾语从句,所以考生要在分析句子结构上了解所缺的成分来入手进行解题。应特别注意状语从句形式多样、定语从句的引导词在句中充当的成分以及一些特殊的用法等。

(二)给出提示词的题,主要考查实词词性的变化。可以根据句子结构和所填词的语法功能,判断用所给词的何种词性等。词性变化主要涉及动词、形容词、副词、名词等。

1.动词的变化是语法填空题的考查重点之一。首先应判断考查的是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等方面;非谓语动词要考虑用动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式还是用动词不定式,暂时还没有要求考虑非谓语动词的时态和语态等问题。

2.其他考查点有:形容词和副词的比较等级;形容词和副词之间的转换;名词转换为形容词;名词的复数等。

[温馨提示]

1.当空格位于句首且又在动词之前时,应考虑主语用法,空格可填名词、代词,To do/Doing结构。

2.当空格在及物动词、介词之后时,应考虑宾语的用法,空格同样既可填名词、代词又可填to do/doing结构,此时应注意牢记有些动词后要跟to do结构作宾语,如在refuse,expect,hope,wish,plan,decide,manage等词后;而有些动词后须跟doing结构作宾语,如在keep,finish,mind,enjoy,suggest,practise,imagine等词后。

3.当空格位于系动词之后时,应考虑表语的用法,空格可填形容词、名词等,系动词除了am,is,are,was,were外,还有become,get,turn,seem,look等。

4.当空格前有主语后有宾语或表语时应考虑谓语的用法,填入谓语动词时要注意时态、语态、主谓一致的变化,还要牢记不规则动词的变化形式。

5.当空格前有限定词(如the,a,an,my,his,their等)后有名词时,应考虑定语用法,空格可填形容词,此时要注意运用词类转换方法。

6.当空格修饰动词、形容词、副词时或修饰全句时,应考虑状语的用法,空格可填入副词,此时也要注意运用词类转换方法。例如:＿＿＿＿＿＿(luck),he passed the examination.(修饰全句,应填副词Luckily)。

四、解题步骤

1.通读全文,把握大意。

这一步是解题关键的一步。解题之前,我们首先应通读全文,理解大意。文中一些空格是通过对文章逻辑结构的把握来确定正确答案的。另外,谓语动词必须在把握动作发生的时间后才能确定其时态。

2.结合语境,试填空格。

读懂材料以后,要结合所提供的特定语言环境,从句子结构的完整性去分析设空处所缺单词的意思及词性,从上下文的逻辑及搭配的关系去确定所给提示词在文章中的正确形式。

3.重读全文,验证复查。

通读填上答案的全文,纠正之前错误,最后确定正确答案。

五、模拟演练

(一)

What is“small talk”?In a sense,“small talk”is an 1＿＿＿＿＿＿(effect) way to influence people's thinking and behaviour.“Small talk”happens when two or more people engage2＿＿＿＿＿＿a conversation with no meaningful topic 3＿＿＿＿＿＿(discuss).The aim of the talk is purely to fill the silence and the topic can be about anything that has no consequence,and it's as easy to get out of a topic as it is easy to get into it.In other words,everyone knows that the conversation is there to pass the time.

It seems that“small talk”4＿＿＿＿＿＿(de-sign) purely to fill the silence and to cover the5＿＿＿＿＿＿(embarrass) in conversations.For example,when two people meet for the first time,such as on a date,then they will 6＿＿＿＿＿＿(frequent) turn to“small talk”in order to help them overcome their nerves.

“Small talk”is made popular because so many people do it,even though they could discuss something more meaningful.Another example would be between a group of colleagues at work—instead of discussing a project or system where they have the chance 7＿＿＿＿＿＿(improve) efficiency or results,they choose to discuss what they did at 8＿＿＿＿＿＿last weekend.

This is 9＿＿＿＿＿＿“small talk”is so popular—it enables people to talk about something that 10＿＿＿＿＿＿(have) no consequence or mean-ing.There is no incentive(奖励的) on“saying the right thing”.

(二)

One day,an old monk named Wisdom,fol-lowed by two young monks,was walking from one town to another when they caught sight of a lake.I＿＿＿＿＿＿(tire) and thirsty,they stopped to have a rest.2＿＿＿＿＿＿old monk,pointing to the lake,asked the 3＿＿＿＿＿＿(young) one to get him some water.

When the little monk reached the lake,a cart 4＿＿＿＿＿＿(draw) by an ox started crossing the lake,which made the water very muddy.The little monk thought,“How can I give this muddy water to my master to drink!”So he came back without any water,saying,“The water is very muddy.I don't think 5＿＿＿＿＿＿is suitable to drink.”

After a while,the same monk was asked to get water again.When he went back to thek ldakte,he found that the mud 6＿＿＿＿＿＿(settle) down already,so he collected back a pot of water.Wisdom looked at the water 7＿＿＿＿＿＿happy) and then up at the monk,“To make the water clean,8＿＿＿＿＿＿＿you need to do 9＿＿＿＿＿＿(be) just to let it be and the mud would settle down on its own."

It is also the same with your mind.When it is 10＿＿＿＿＿＿(disturb),just let it be.Give it a little time and it will settle down itself.

(三)

Yaxi—Slow City

Yaxi,a tiny village with a population of just20,000 in Jiangsu Province,has been given the title of“slow city”by the global organization,Cittaslow,which 1＿＿＿＿＿＿(carry) out researches on life in places that have resisted the fast-moving world.

Cittaslow,2＿＿＿＿＿＿(establish) in Italy in 1999,categorises places where there is“slow and healthy succession of seasons”and“purity of products and good food”.Cities that quality for this classification should also be rich3＿＿＿＿＿＿“fascinating craft traditions of art”and“respect of traditions through the joy of slow,quiet life”.

“Slow city?That sounds like us,”says 81-year-old Mei Weibing,4＿＿＿＿＿＿shoe shop in Old Street has been around for more than 50years.Mr.Mei does not believe in mass production,and 5＿＿＿＿＿＿three sons and their wives help out in the family business,6＿＿＿＿＿＿(learn) the disappearing trade.Every shoe is handmade,and Mei 7＿＿＿＿＿＿(pride) declares,“I spend three days making one perfect pair of shoes.”

“Angelo Vassallo,vice-president of Cit-taslow,was deeply impressed by this village's natural and cultural resources and said it perfectly fitted the 8＿＿＿＿＿＿(require) for a slow city.That was how Yaxi became 9＿＿＿＿＿＿(connect)with Cittaslow,”said Zuo Niansheng,a local official.

The award is a confirmation(确认) of the ef-fort to preserve a country-like village where growth is limited,chain stores are discouraged and urban life 10＿＿＿＿＿＿(go) in a circle around.

(四)

When travelling in a train,a gentleman felt thirsty and got down at a station in search of water.No 1＿＿＿＿＿＿(soon) had he reached the wa- ter tap than the engine whistled and started,so he missed the train.

2＿＿＿＿＿＿was getting darker and he de- cided to find a place for a day's stay.So,he went to a small hut and asked the villager.The villager gladly agreed.With the villager's 3＿＿＿＿＿＿(permit),he could stay in his house for a day.That day the villager served the gentleman food and gave him a room to rest.4＿＿＿＿＿＿(surprise),the villager neither asked nor expected anything in return.

At night,the gentleman heard a knock at the door.When the villager opened the door,the gentleman saw that a man 5＿＿＿＿＿＿(dress) in rich clothes entered the hut and demanded the villager6＿＿＿＿＿＿(pay) his debts.The gentleman realized that the villager was in need of money.The next morning,he put a pocket on the table and7＿＿＿＿＿＿(leave).When the villager came to know about 8＿＿＿＿＿＿pocket,he saw there was a note addressed to him,it read,“You help me9＿＿＿＿＿＿did not expect anything from me.Yesterday I heard the conversation between you and the stranger and came to know that you were in need of money.This is 10＿＿＿＿＿＿＿you need”.

(五)

After graduating from college,Tom and Bob joined a company together.Both worked very hard.Several years 1＿＿＿＿＿＿(late),the boss promoted Bob to manager,but Tom remained2＿＿＿＿＿＿an ordinary worker.Tom couldn't take it.He handed his resignation to the boss,3＿＿＿＿＿＿(complain)that the boss didn't value hardworking workers,but only promoted those4＿＿＿＿＿＿(please) guys.

The boss knew Tom worked very hard these years.So he said,“Thank you,5＿＿＿＿＿＿I have a request.I hope you'll do one more thing for our company before you leave.Perhaps you'Il change your mind.”

Tom agreed.The boss asked him to go and find anyone selling watermelon in the market.Tom went and returned soon,and said he had found one.The boss asked how much per kg?Tom 6＿＿＿＿＿＿(shake) his head,went back to the market and returned 7＿＿＿＿＿＿(inform) the boss$1.2 per kg.

The boss told Tom to wait a second.He called Bob to come to his office and asked Bob to do the same.Bob went,returned and said8＿＿＿＿＿＿(gentle),“Boss,only one person is selling watermelon.$1.2 per kg,and$10 for 10 kg.He has 320 melons in all,58 of 9＿＿＿＿＿＿are on the table.Fresh and red,each weighs about2kg.”

Tom was very impressed and realized the10＿＿＿＿＿＿(different) between himself and Bob.He decided to stay to learn from Bob.

(六)

It's amazing how often people say that.“If I can help just one...”That seems like a very low standard.Just one?1＿＿＿＿＿＿not 10?or 100?or 300?Or as many as possible?

How many people would feel comfortable and behave 2＿＿＿＿＿＿(confidence) when their child's third grade teacher said,“If I can help just one student be successful,then I've done my job.”What 3＿＿＿＿＿＿the other 33 kids in the class?It's 4＿＿＿＿＿＿(accept) to aim for every-one and miss a few.There is no great value,however,in aiming for a few and being 5＿＿＿＿＿＿(satisfy) when you get them.

6＿＿＿＿＿＿(provide) value in the world means that the things you say and the things you do have the power to help many more than one person or one company.If what you do7＿＿＿＿＿＿(offer) value to the vast 8＿＿＿＿＿＿(minor),and you're setting your goals too low.Whatever the cause is,something has to change.

I have known many businessmen9＿＿＿＿＿＿seem very successful from the outside.They make good money and they have lovely offices.If a company has an“anchor(固定)”client or a sugar daddy or whatever else we want to call it...then 10＿＿＿＿＿＿they have is a client,not a business.A business offers something of value to more than one.

参考答案与解析:

(一)

[解题导语]在某种意义上来说,聊闲是影响人们的想法和行为的一种有效方法;我们在很多场合可以体会到闲聊的真谛所在。

1.effective。分析句子结构可知,空格前面有不定冠词an,后面有名词way,所以这里要用形容词形式。

2.in。这里考查短语engage in的配搭,意为“从事,参加”。

3.discussed。由句子结构可知,这里表示被动,应用过去分词修饰名词topic。

4.is designed。根据句子结构和上下文可知,这里应该用一般现在时的被动形式。

5.embarrassment。由于空格前面是定冠词the,可知本空应填名词形式。

6.frequently。根据句子结构可知,本空应用副词修饰动词短语turn to。

7.to improve。分析句子结构可知,应该用不定式充当后置定语,修饰前面的名词。

8.the。分析句子结构和结合上下文的内容可知,这里是指上一个周末,所以是特指,故填定冠词the。

9.why。分析句子结构可知,这里引导表语从句,再结合下文的内容可知,这里是解释原因。

10.has。分析句子结构可知,这里的主语是that,指代前面的不定代词something,再结合上下文的内容可知,这里应用第三人称单数的形式。

(二)

[解题导语]本文主要陈述一个名为智者的和尚吩咐另一个小和尚前后两次去取水的故事,从而道出:当我们心神不定时,我们要给它一点时间,这样它就可以慢慢安定下来。

1.Tired。分析句子结构可知,空格处与后面的词thirsty是同一词性,都是形容词,在句子中充当状语。

2.The。根据上下文的语境可知,这里是特指前面提到的三个和尚中的年长者,所以应填定冠词。

3.younger。根据前面的内容可知有二个年轻的和尚,再结合这里的语境及下文中的the little monk可知,这里是指二个年轻和尚中更年轻一点的,所以用比较级。

4.drawn。根据句子结构可知,空格后面有by an ox,可知动词draw与主语a cart是被动关系,所以用过去分词充当后置定语。

5.it。分析句子结构可知,这里指前面的muddy water,water为不可数名词,所以用it。

6.had settled。由上下文语境可知,settle的动作在found前发生,而found是过去时,所以本空应用过去完成时,表示过去的过去。

7.happily。考查副词的用法。分析句子结构可知,空格处修饰的是前面的动词短语looked at,所以应用副词形式。

8.what/all。分析句子结构可知,空格后是一个主语从句,而从句欠缺的是主语,所以可以用what或all引导。

9.is。分析句子结构可知,前面是主语从句,再结合上下文的内容可知,这里应用第三人称的单数形式。

10.disturbed。分析句子结构可知,这里欠缺的是表语,而且主语是物,故应用动词的-ed形式。disturbed意为“被扰乱的”,符合题意。

(三)

[解题导语]本文主要介绍有关中国江苏的一个名叫亚西(Yaxi)的小村庄,被一个全球性组织“慢城市生活运动”命名为中国“慢城”的一些情况。

1.carries。根据上下文的内容可知,本空的前后分别用了现在完成时,但这里是强调现在的情况,所以用一般现在时,主语为Cittaslow,所以谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。

2.established。根据上下文的内容并分析句子结构可知,这里用过去分词充当定语,相当于定语从句“which was established”。

3.in。根据上下文语境可知,这里考查介词短语be rich in的搭配。

4.whose。根据语篇理解,可知这里是用whose引导定语从句。

5.his。分析句子结构可知,这里的主语是Mr.Mei,再结合上下文的语境可知,这里应填入形容词性物主代词。

6.learning。分析句子结构可知这里应填入现在分词短语,表示伴随情况。

7.proudly。分析句子结构可知,这里是修饰后面的动词,所以用副词形式。

8.requirements。根据前面的the可知答案。

9.connected。分析句子结构可知,这里是用在连系动词became后面,所以要用形容词形式,再结合主语是物,故用动词的-ed形式。

10.goes。分析句子结构可知,这里的主语是urban life,而且前面的句子用一般现在时are discouraged,所以这里应用第三人称单数形式。

(四)

[解题导语]本文主要讲述一个人得到帮助后帮助别人的故事。当你帮助别人时,你其实也是在帮助自己。

1.sooner。分析句子结构可知,本题考查no sooner…than…(一……就……)引导的句式。

2.It。考查代词的用法。根据上下文的语境并结合句子结构可知,这里是指天色变黑,所以要用代词it指天气。

3.permission。考查名词的词型转换。分析句子结构可知,这里用在名词的所有格后面,所以应该填入名词形式。

4.Surprisingly。考查副词的用法。根据句子结构可知,本空修饰整个句子,所以要用副词形式。

5.dressed。考查非谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,这里要表达的意思是“一个穿着华贵衣服的男人”,所以这里应用过去分词形式充当定语。

6.to pay。考查非谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,这里考查demand sb.to do sth.的配搭。

7.left。考查动词时态的用法。根据上下文的内容可知,这里应该与前面的put—样,都应用一般过去时。

8.the。考查冠词的用法。根据上下文的语境可知,这里是指前面提到的a pocket,所以用定冠词表示特指。

9.but。考查连词的用法。根据上下文的内容可知,这里要表达的意思是“你帮助了我,但却没有期待从我这里得到任何东西。”所以这里应该是表示转折的关系。

10.what。考查关系代词的用法。分析句子结构可知,这里应该是一个宾语从句,而且从句中欠缺宾语,所以应填入what。

(五)

[解题导语]这是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了某公司老板通过Bob的事例来教育Tom:成败在于细节。

1.later。考查副词的词形转换。根据上下文的内容可知,这里要表达的意思是“几年之后”,所以这里应用副词later。

2.as。考查介词的用法。本句意为:几年后,老板提拔Bob为经理,而Tom作为一名普通员工保留下来。由此可知这里考查remain as的用法,意为“作为……保留”。

3.complaining。考查非谓语动词的用法。根据上下文的内容以及句子结构可知,这里应用现在分词表示伴随状语。

4.pleasant/pleased。考查形容词的用法。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填形容词修饰后面的名词guy,而guy指人,所以可以填入动词的-ed形式或所给词的形容词形式。

5.but。考查并列连词的用法。分析句子结构可知,这里表达转折意义,所以应用并列连词but。

6.shook。考查动词时态的用法。分析句子结构,这里和后面的动作went back,returned应该是并列的,所以都应用一般过去时。

7.to inform。考查非谓语动词的用法。空格前面已经有作谓语的动词returned,所以这里应用非谓语动词,结合下文的语境,这里应该用不定式表示目的。

8.gently。考查副词的用法。根据上下文的语境可知,本空修饰动词,所以应用副词形式。

9.which。考查关系代词的用法。分析句子结构可知,这是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词为melons,所以用which引导。

10.difference。考查名词的词性转换。根据上下文的内容并分析句子结构可知,本空在冠词后面,所以应用名词形式。

(六)

[解题导语]本文主要围绕帮人的标准展开讨论。

1.Why。考查关系副词的用法。根据上下文的内容可知,这里表示建议,所以用why。

2.confidently。考查副词的用法。分析句子结构可知,本空修饰动词behave,所以应用副词的形式。

3.about。考查介词的用法。根据上下文的内容并结合这里的句子结构可知,这里考查“what about...”结构。

4.acceptable/accepted。考查形容词的用法。分析句子结构可知,本空在be动词后面,应该用形容词充当表语。

5.satisfied。考查形容词的用法。分析句子结构可知,本空在be动词后面,而且主语是后面从句中的you,指人,所以用动词的-ed形式。

6.Providing。考查非谓语动词的用法。根据句子结构可知,这里欠缺的是主语,所以应用动名词的形式。

7.offers。考查主谓一致的用法。分析句子结构可知,在这个条件状语从句中主语为“what you do”,结合前后内容可知,这里应该用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。

8.minority。考查词型的转换。分析句子结构可知,这里用在冠词和形容词之后,所以应用名词的形式。

9.who。考查关系代词的用法。本空应填入关系代词who引导宾语从句修饰先行词busi-nessmen。