奥巴马2012获胜演讲稿(中英)

奥巴马2012获胜演讲稿(中英)（通用6篇）

篇1：奥巴马2012获胜演讲稿(中英)

2012奥巴马获胜演讲中英文对照

Transcript of President Obama’s Victory Speech

November 7, 2012

PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA: Thank you.Thank you.Thank you so much.(Sustained cheers, applause.)

Tonight, more than 200 years after a former colony won the right to determine its own destiny, the task of perfecting our union moves forward.(Cheers, applause.)

It moves forward because of you.It moves forward because you reaffirmed the spirit that has triumphed over war and depression, the spirit that has lifted this country from the depths of despair to the great heights of hope, the belief that while each of us will pursue our own individual dreams, we are an American family, and we rise or fall together as one nation and as one people.(Cheers, applause.)

Tonight, in this election, you, the American people, reminded us that while our road has been hard, while our journey has been long, we have picked ourselves up, we have fought our way back, and we know in our hearts that for the United States of America, the best is yet to come.(Cheers, applause.)

I want to thank every American who participated in this election.(Cheers, applause.)Whether you voted for the very first time —(cheers)— or waited in line for a very long time —(cheers)— by the way, we have to fix that.(Cheers, applause.)Whether you pounded the pavement or picked up the phone —(cheers, applause)— whether you held an Obama sign or a Romney sign, you made your voice heard and you made a difference.(Cheers, applause.)

I just spoke with Governor Romney and I congratulated him and Paul Ryan on a hard-fought campaign.(Cheers, applause.)We may have battled fiercely, but it’s only because we love this country deeply and we care so strongly about its future.From George to Lenore to their son Mitt, the Romney family has chosen to give back to America through public service.And that is a legacy that we honor and applaud tonight.(Cheers, applause.)In the weeks ahead, I also look forward to sitting down with Governor Romney to talk about where we can work together to move this country forward.(Cheers, applause.)

I want to thank my friend and partner of the last four years, America’s happy warrior, the best vice president anybody could ever hope for, Joe Biden.(Cheers, applause.)

And I wouldn’t be the man I am today without the woman who agreed to marry me 20 years ago.(Cheers, applause.)Let me say this publicly.Michelle, I have never loved you more.(Cheers, applause.)I have never been prouder to watch the rest of America fall in love with you too as our nation’s first lady.(Cheers, applause.)Sasha and Malia —(cheers, applause)— before our very eyes, you’re growing up to become two strong, smart, beautiful young women, just like your mom.(Cheers, applause.)And I am so proud of you guys.But I will say that for now, one dog’s probably enough.(Laughter.)

To the best campaign team and volunteers in the history of politics —(cheers, applause)— the best — the best ever —(cheers, applause)— some of you were new this time around, and some of you have been at my side since the very beginning.(Cheers, applause.)But all of you are family.No matter what you do or where you go from here, you will carry the memory of the history we made together.(Cheers, applause.)And you will have the lifelong appreciation of a grateful president.Thank you for believing all the way —(cheers, applause)— to every hill, to every valley.(Cheers, applause.)You lifted me up the whole day, and I will always be grateful for everything that you’ve done and all the incredible work that you’ve put in.(Cheers, applause.)

I know that political campaigns can sometimes seem small, even silly.And that provides plenty of fodder for the cynics who tell us that politics is nothing more than a contest of egos or the domain of special interests.But if you ever get the chance to talk to folks who turned out at our rallies and crowded along a rope line in a high school gym or — or saw folks working late at a campaign office in some tiny county far away from home, you’ll discover something else.You’ll hear the determination in the voice of a young field organizer who’s working his way through college and wants to make sure every child has that same opportunity.(Cheers, applause.)You’ll hear the pride in the voice of a volunteer who’s going door to door because her brother was finally hired when the local auto plant added another shift.(Cheers, applause.)You’ll hear the deep patriotism in the voice of a military spouse who’s working the phones late at night to make sure that no one who fights for this country ever has to fight for a job or a roof over their head when they come home.(Cheers, applause.)

That’s why we do this.That’s what politics can be.That’s why elections matter.It’s not small, it’s big.It’s important.Democracy in a nation of 300 million can be noisy and messy and complicated.We have our own opinions.Each of us has deeply held beliefs.And when we go through tough times, when we make big decisions as a country, it necessarily stirs passions, stirs up controversy.That won’t change after tonight.And it shouldn’t.These arguments we have are a mark of our liberty, and we can never forget that as we speak, people in distant nations are risking their lives right now just for a chance to argue about the issues that matter —(cheers, applause)— the chance to cast their ballots like we did today.But despite all our differences, most of us share certain hopes for America’s future.We want our kids to grow up in a country where they have access to the best schools and the best teachers —(cheers, applause)— a country that lives up to its legacy as the global leader in technology and discovery and innovation —(scattered cheers, applause)— with all of the good jobs and new businesses that follow.We want our children to live in an America that isn’t burdened by debt, that isn’t weakened up by inequality, that isn’t threatened by the destructive power of a warming planet.(Cheers, applause.)We want to pass on a country that’s safe and respected and admired around the world, a nation that is defended by the strongest military on earth and the best troops this — this world has ever known —(cheers, applause)— but also a country that moves with confidence beyond this time of war to shape a peace that is built on the promise of freedom and dignity for every human being.We believe in a generous America, in a compassionate America, in a tolerant America open to the dreams of an immigrant’s daughter who studies in our schools and pledges to our flag —(cheers, applause)— to the young boy on the south side of Chicago who sees a life beyond the nearest street corner —(cheers, applause)— to the furniture worker’s child in North Carolina who wants to become a doctor or a scientist, an engineer or an entrepreneur, a diplomat or even a president.That’s the —(cheers, applause)— that’s the future we hope for.(Cheers, applause.)That’s the vision we share.That’s where we need to go — forward.(Cheers, applause.)That’s where we need to go.(Cheers, applause.)Now, we will disagree, sometimes fiercely, about how to get there.As it has for more than two centuries, progress will come in fits and starts.It’s not always a straight line.It’s not always a smooth path.By itself, the recognition that we have common hopes and dreams won’t end all the gridlock, resolve all our problems or substitute for the painstaking work of building consensus and making the difficult compromises needed to move this country forward.But that common bond is where we must begin.Our economy is recovering.A decade of war is ending.(Cheers, applause.)A long campaign is now over.(Cheers, applause.)And whether I earned your vote or not, I have listened to you.I have learned from you.And you’ve made me a better president.And with your stories and your struggles, I return to the White House more determined and more inspired than ever about the work there is to do and the future that lies ahead.(Cheers, applause.)Tonight you voted for action, not politics as usual.(Cheers, applause.)You elected us to focus on your jobs, not ours.And in the coming weeks and months, I am looking forward to reaching out and working with leaders of both parties to meet the challenges we can only solve together — reducing our deficit, reforming out tax code, fixing our immigration system, freeing ourselves from foreign oil.We’ve got more work to do.(Cheers, applause.)

But that doesn’t mean your work is done.The role of citizens in our democracy does not end with your vote.America’s never been about what can be done for us;it’s about what can be done by us together, through the hard and frustrating but necessary work of self-government.(Cheers, applause.)That’s the principle we were founded on.This country has more wealth than any nation, but that’s not what makes us rich.We have the most powerful military in history, but that’s not what makes us strong.Our university, our culture are all the envy of the world, but that’s not what keeps the world coming to our shores.What makes America exceptional are the bonds that hold together the most diverse nation on Earth, the belief that our destiny is shared —(cheers, applause)— that this country only works when we accept certain obligations to one another and to future generations, so that the freedom which so many Americans have fought for and died for come with responsibilities as well as rights, and among those are love and charity and duty and patriotism.That’s what makes America great.(Cheers, applause.)

I am hopeful tonight because I have seen this spirit at work in America.I’ve seen it in the family business whose owners would rather cut their own pay than lay off their neighbors and in the workers who would rather cut back their hours than see a friend lose a job.I’ve seen it in the soldiers who re-enlist after losing a limb and in those SEALs who charged up the stairs into darkness and danger because they knew there was a buddy behind them watching their back.(Cheers, applause.)I’ve seen it on the shores of New Jersey and New York, where leaders from every party and level of government have swept aside their differences to help a community rebuild from the wreckage of a terrible storm.(Cheers, applause.)

And I saw it just the other day in Mentor, Ohio, where a father told the story of his 8-year-old daughter whose long battle with leukemia nearly cost their family everything had it not been for health care reform passing just a few months before the insurance company was about to stop paying for her care.(Cheers, applause.)I had an opportunity to not just talk to the father but meet this incredible daughter of his.And when he spoke to the crowd, listening to that father’s story, every parent in that room had tears in their eyes because we knew that little girl could be our own.And I know that every American wants her future to be just as bright.That’s who we are.That’s the country I’m so proud to lead as your president.(Cheers, applause.)And tonight, despite all the hardship we’ve been through, despite all the frustrations of Washington, I’ve never been more hopeful about our future.(Cheers, applause.)I have never been more hopeful about America.And I ask you to sustain that hope.AUDIENCE MEMBER: We got your back, Mr.President!

PRESIDENT OBAMA: I’m not talking about blind optimism, the kind of hope that just ignores the enormity of the tasks ahead or the road blocks that stand in our path.I’m not talking about the wishful idealism that allows us to just sit on the sidelines or shirk from a fight.I have always believed that hope is that stubborn thing inside us that insists, despite all the evidence to the contrary, that something better awaits us so long as we have the courage to keep reaching, to keep working, to keep fighting.(Cheers, applause.)

America, I believe we can build on the progress we’ve made and continue to fight for new jobs and new opportunities and new security for the middle class.I believe we can keep the promise of our founding, the idea that if you’re willing to work hard, it doesn’t matter who you are or where you come from or what you look like or where you love(ph).It doesn’t matter whether you’re black or white or Hispanic or Asian or Native American or young or old or rich or poor, abled, disabled, gay or straight.(Cheers, applause.)You can make it here in America if you’re willing to try.(Cheers, applause.)

I believe we can seize this future together because we are not as divided as our politics suggests.We’re not as cynical as the pundits believe.We are greater than the sum of our individual ambitions and we remain more than a collection of red states and blue states.We are, and forever will be, the United States of America.(Cheers, applause.)

And together, with your help and God’s grace, we will continue our journey forward and remind the world just why it is that we live in the greatest nation on earth.(Cheers, applause.)Thank you, America.(Cheers, applause.)God bless you.God bless these United States.(Cheers, applause.)

谢谢，谢谢，非常感谢。

两百多年前，人民在这块曾经的殖民地上赢得了自己的命运；今夜，我们向实现完美联邦的目标又迈近了一步。

这一步，是因为你们；这一步，是因为你们证明了克服战争和萧条的那种精神仍在，那份把我们国家从绝望的深渊带向希望之巅的精神。我们每个人都可以追逐自己的梦想。美国同胞血浓于水，作为一个国家和民族，我们共起落、同荣辱。

今晚，在这次选举中，你们，美国人民们，提醒了我们：尽管路程艰辛，历程漫长，我们仍能振作精神，奋起反击。我们心中坚信，美利坚的每天更加美好。我想感谢每一位亲身参与大选的美国人。无论这是你的第一次投票，又或是在队伍中等待了很久。顺便说一句，排队这个问题真是亟待解决。无论你是步行前往，还是拿起电话；无论你举的牌子上，写的是奥巴马还是罗姆尼… 你的声音都会被听到，你也一样带来了改变。我刚刚和罗姆尼州长通了话，向他和保罗·瑞安，就这场艰难的战役，表示了我的祝贺。双方的选战之所以惨烈，正是因为我们都如此深爱这个国家，如此关心它的未来。从乔治到兰诺夫妇，再到他们的儿子米特，罗姆尼一家选择通过献身公务来报效国家。今晚，我们向这一份宝贵的政治遗产致以我们的敬意和掌声。在未来的几个星期，我还希望能和罗姆尼州长坐下来，讨论在哪些方面，我们可以共同努力，推动这个国家向前。我想谢谢我的朋友，我过去四年的搭档，美国的快乐战士—乔·拜登。能有他做副总统。夫复何求。

另外，假如没有那位20年前同意嫁给我的女人，我今天也不可能站在这里。让我告诉所有人吧：米歇尔，我对你的爱，是如此深切。

我目睹着我之外的美国人都爱上了你，作为第一夫人的你，我对你的骄傲，也是如此深切。萨莎和玛利亚(奥巴马的两个女儿)，就在我们的注视下，你们已经成长为两位坚强、智慧、美丽的年轻女士，就像你们的妈妈一样。我真得为你们骄傲。不过我还是要说，一条狗应该已经够了。

至政治史上最好的竞选团队和志愿者们：你们是最好的，最最好的。你们中有些人是新鲜加入，有些人从一开始就与我们共同进退，但你们都是我的家人。无论你在做什么，以后要做什么，你们都能带上这段我们共同创造的历史，以及这位感恩的总统对你们一生的感激。谢谢你们的一路坚信，陪我翻过每座丘岭，穿越每座山谷。一路走来，多亏你们的辅佑。我会永远为你们所付出的一切和所有卓越之至的工作而心怀感激。

我知道有时候政治竞选看起来渺小，甚至愚蠢，这为愤世嫉俗者们提供了很多素材。他们告诉我们，政治不过是为特殊利益集团服务的猴戏。但如果你曾经同参加过我们的集会的普通人，或是在高中体育馆围线外排队的人们交谈过；或是看到在远离家乡的小郡县竞选办公室里工作到很晚的人们，你一定会有新的认识。

你会在一位半工半读的年轻活动现场组织者声音中，听到无比的坚定。他想让每个孩子都能有均等的机会；

你会在一名志愿者声音中，听到他的自豪。她挨家挨户的告诉每一个人，她的哥哥终于有了工作，因为当地的汽车公司增加了一个轮班； 你会在一位军嫂声音中听到她的爱国主义情怀。她深夜也不放下电话是为了要让每一位保家卫国的战士，都不用在回家后，却为一份工作、一片屋檐，苦苦求而不得。

这就是我们做这些的原因。政治也可以说这样的。这就是为什么，选举是重要的。它并不渺小，它是件大事，很重要的大事。

在有三亿人口的国家中，民主会显得喧哗、混乱、复杂。我们有自己的观点，每个人都有自己坚定的信仰。当面对困难的时期，当我们的国家需要作出重大的决定时，它必然会激发热情，也掀起争议。这些在今晚之后都不会改变，也不应该被改变。这些争论是我们自由的印记。

我们永远不能忘记，就在此时此刻，在一些遥远的国家，人民正在冒着生命的危险，只为了能有讨论那些重要话题的机会，为了能有像我们今天这样投出自己一票的机会。

尽管我们有不同，我们中的大多数，对美国的未来怀有一样的希望。我们希望自己的孩子成长在这样一个国家：他们能去到最好的学校，有最好的老师；它不会辜负前人留下的遗产，继续成为全球科技、探索、创新的领导者，有好的工作、新的产业随之而来；我们希望自己孩子成长的美国，不会被债务负累，不会因不平等而有所削弱，也不会被地球变暖而带来的危害所威胁。

我们想要传承的，是一个安全并受全球尊敬与爱戴的国家。

我们想要传承的，是一个由世界最强军事力量保卫，拥有最好的军队的国家。同时，也是一个自信前行的国家——走出战争的阴霾，塑造和平景象，保障每个人的自由与尊严。

我们相信美国是一个慷慨大度的国家，一个悲天悯人的国家，更是一个海纳百川的国家。我们要接纳在我国学校学习并对我们的国旗宣誓，满怀梦想的移民；要接纳身处芝加哥南部市井之中却能志存高远的男孩；还要接纳北卡州家具工人的孩子，他们梦想着成为医生、科学家、工程师、企业家、外交官，甚至是总统。那正是我们所期望的未来，是我们共有的愿景，是我们需要“前进”的方向，那是我们的目标。对于如何实现这一目标，我们可能会意见相左，有时分歧甚大，两个多世纪以来，一直如此。我们总会断断续续地取得进步，前行的路线总有曲折，不会一直是平坦通途。认识到我们拥有共同的希望与梦想，单靠这一点无法终结所有的政治僵局，或解决我们所有问题。建立共识，作出推动这个国家向前所必要的艰难妥协，这些艰辛的工作也无法得以替代。但我们必须以这一共同纽带为起点。

我们的经济正在复苏，为期十年的战争已近尾声，一场漫长的竞选现已结束。

无论我是否赢得了你的选票，我都倾听了你的呼声，从你身上得到了教益，你使我成长为更优秀的总统。

带着你们的故事与挣扎，我回到白宫时，对面临的任务与未来，更为坚定，更有激情。今晚，你们投票换来的将会是积极的行动，而不是以往那样的政治游戏。你们选择了我们，是让我们关注你们的就业，而非我们自己的官位。

在接下来的数周、数月中，我期待着与两党领袖进行接触与合作，共同应对我们必须携手攻克的难关，降低赤字、改革税法、完善移民体系、摆脱对进口石油的依赖…我们还有更多的工作要完成，但这并不意味着你们的任务已经结束。公民在我们的民主体系中所扮演的角色，并不止于投票。

美利坚的意义，并不在于别人能为我们做什么，而是在于我们能一起做什么，而这依靠的就是公民自治。这虽然困难而又往往令人灰心，却是不可或缺的。这是我们的建国理念。我们国家的财富多于其他任何国家，可我们的富有并不源于此。我们有史上最强的军事力量，可这并不是我们力量的源头。

我们的大学，我们的文化，为全世界所钦羡，可这并非吸引各国人民前来我国的根源。美国的卓尔不群之根源在于，将全球最为多元化的国家团结起来的纽带，在于信奉我们的命运紧密相连。信奉只有当我们对彼此，对下几代人负起一定责任，我们国家才有希望。美国的卓尔不群之根源，在于无数美国人为之奋斗与献身的自由，这自由背后，既有义务又有权利，其中就包括仁爱、慈善、责任和爱国。美国的伟大，就是靠这些精神铸就而成的。我今晚充满希望，因为我目睹了美国上下洋溢着的精神： 在宁愿扣自己薪水，也不愿裁掉邻里员工的家族企业中； 在宁愿自己少干些，也不愿让朋友失业的工人们身上； 在手脚伤残，却仍延长服役年限的士兵身上；

在海军陆战队员身上，他们无畏地冲上楼梯，冲进黑暗与危险，只因心知有人会照顾他们。在新泽西与纽约的海岸上也可以见到，各党领袖、各级政府撇开分歧，共同帮助一个社区重建被可怕的风暴摧毁的家园。

前些天，我在俄亥俄州的曼图尔市见到了一位父亲，他跟我讲了他8岁女儿的故事。女儿与白血病的斗争差点使他们倾家荡产，幸好医保改革在保险公司停止支付，其医疗费用前数月得以通过。我不仅与这位父亲进行了交谈，也遇到了他坚强的女儿。当她向听众发言时，在场的每一位父母都眼含热泪。因为我们知道，这个小女孩的遭遇也可能发生在我们的孩子身上。

我知道每一位美国同胞，都希望她有同样光明的未来。这就是我们，这就是我非常自豪地以总统身份领导的国家。

今晚，纵有我们所经历的磨难，纵有华盛顿诸般挫折，我从未对我们的未来如此充满希望，我从未对美利坚如此充满希望。

我请求你们，保持这份希望。我不是指盲目乐观，无视眼前艰巨任务与障碍的那种希望，我也不是指让我们袖手旁观或逃避斗争的那种一厢情愿的理想主义。我一直认为，希望是我们心中顽强不屈的那样东西。

虽有各种不利证据，却仍坚持有更好的未来等待着我们。只要我们有勇气去不断争取、不断努力、不断奋斗。

美利坚，我相信，我们能百尺竿头更进一步，继续奋斗，为中产阶级创造就业、创造机会、创造保障。

我相信，我们能继续履行国父们的承诺——只要你踏实肯干，你是谁，从哪儿来，什么种族，爱哪里，都不重要。无论你是黑人、白人、西班牙裔、亚裔，还是印第安居民，无论你年轻与否、富有与否、健全与否、性向如何，你都能在美国有所成就，只要你愿意努力。我相信，我们可以共同把握这一未来。因为有别于政坛所表现的，我们其实并没有那么分裂，我们并不像评论员们所认为的那样愤世嫉俗。

我们的伟大，胜于我们个人野心的总和，我们不仅仅是红蓝州的集合。我们现在是，也将永远是，美利坚合众国。在你们的帮助下和上帝的眷顾下，我们将继续前进，向全世界昭示，我们为何居于地球上最伟大的国家。感谢你们，美利坚的人民们！上帝保佑你们！上帝保佑美国！

篇2：奥巴马2012获胜演讲稿(中英)

奥巴马获胜演说演讲稿（中英文）

Barack Obama’s Victory Speech: Change Has Come To America

If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.

如果，还有人怀疑美国是一切皆有可能的国度，还有人怀疑国父们的梦想在我们的时代是否还存在，还有人怀疑我们的民主所拥有的力量，那么今晚，你听到了回答。

It’s the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen, by people who waited three hours and four hours, many for the first time in their lives, because they believed that this time must be different, that their voices could be that difference.

是那些今天在学校和教堂排着长队、数不胜数的选民做出了回答；是那些为了投票等待了三四个小时的人们做出了回答。他们中的很多人，是有生以来第一次投票，因为他们相信，这次真的不同――他们的声音会让这次不同。

It’s the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, Democrat and Republican, black, white, Hispanic, Asian, Native American, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled.Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been just a collection of individuals or a collection of red states and blue states.

We are, and always will be, the United States of America.

这个回答来自青年、老人、穷人、富人、民主党、共和党人、黑皮肤、白皮肤、拉美人、亚裔、印第安人、同性恋和非同性恋者、残疾人和健全者。美国告诉世界，我们从来就不是一半红、一半蓝（译者：分别代表民主党和共和党。），我们是——美利坚合众国。

It’s the answer that led those who’ve been told for so long by so many to be cynical and fearful and doubtful about what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day.

很多人，在长久以往的耳濡目染中愤世嫉俗、担忧、怀疑。但今天他们做出了回答。他们的双手扭转了历史，让历史转向充满希望的新的一天。

It’s been a long time coming, but tonight, because of what we did on this date in this election at this defining moment change has come to America.

我们等待了很久。但今夜，因为我们今天的努力、因为这次选举，在这决定性的时刻，美国终于迎来了转变。

A little bit earlier this evening, I received an extraordinarily gracious call from Sen.McCain.

Sen.McCain fought long and hard in this campaign.And he’s fought even longer and harder for the country that he loves.He has endured sacrifices for America that most of us cannot begin to imagine.We are better off for the service rendered by this brave and selfless leader.I congratulate him;I congratulate Gov.palin for all that they’ve achieved.And I look forward to working with them to renew this nation’s promise in the months ahead.

我刚刚收到麦凯恩参议员打来的电话，他非常诚挚。在这次漫长的竞选中，他付出了艰苦的努力。而为这个他所爱的国家，他付出得更多、时间也更长。他忍受过的牺牲，是我们很多美国人无法想象的。这位勇敢而无私的领袖的付出会让我们的国家更强大。对麦凯恩参议员和佩林州长所取得的成绩，我这里也表示钦佩。我期待在接下来的几个月中，与他们一道重拾美国的承诺。

I want to thank my partner in this journey, a man who campaigned from his heart, and spoke for the men and women he grew up with on the streets of Scranton and rode with on the train home to Delaware, the vice president-elect of the United States, Joe Biden.

我要感谢我的竞选伙伴。他发自内心地投入竞选，他的声音代表了那些在他成长的斯克兰顿街生活的人们的声音，代表那些和他一道乘火车上下班的特拉华州人民的声音。现在他将是美国的副总统，他就是乔·拜登。

And I would not be standing here tonight without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last 16 years the rock of our family, the love of my life, the nation’s next first lady Michelle Obama.

Sasha and Malia I love you both more than you can imagine.And you have earned the new puppy that’s coming with us to the new White House.

And while she’s no longer with us, I know my grandmother’s watching, along with the family that made me who I am.I miss them tonight.I know that my debt to them is beyond measure.

To my sister Maya, my sister Alma, all my other brothers and sisters, thank you so much for all the support that you’ve given me.I am grateful to them.

如果不是我过去十六年间最亲密的朋友、我的家庭的基石和我一生的至爱给予的支持，今晚我不会站在这里。那就是我们国家的下任第一夫人，米歇尔·奥巴马。还有我的女儿，萨沙和玛丽亚。我是如此爱你们。我们会带着你们刚赢得的小狗一起搬进白宫。而我的外祖母，虽然此刻他已经离我们而去，但我知道她在看着呢——和带给我生命、定义了我人生的家人们一道。今夜，我想念他们。我知道我欠他们的难以偿还。

篇3：奥巴马2012获胜演讲稿(中英)

2009年1月20日, 奥巴马宣誓就任美国第44任美国总统, 他是美国历史上第一任非裔美国总统。从一位普通的美国参议员, 到入主白宫, 他的演讲引起了世界性的关注, 并且掀起了“跟奥巴马学英语”的热潮, 以及对奥巴马演讲艺术的一系列研究。比如向大军 (2009) 从语用学角度分析了奥巴马的就职演说词。徐伟 (2009) 采用批评隐喻学的理论框架研究就职演说中隐喻的劝导功能。张彧 (2010) 运用体裁分析理论, 阐释了这篇演说词的语篇建构特点。杨娜芝 (2010) 探讨了该演说中人称代词所承载的人际意义。万涛、高鹏 (2011) 从语用学角度分析奥巴马演讲中使用第一人称I和we的不同含义。本文从语用学的角度出发, 以比利时语言学家维索尔伦提出的顺应论 (adaptation theory) 为理论基石, 分析奥巴马在总统选举中, 演讲的语用移情现象。旨在通过更深层次的奥巴马演讲分析, 给英语学习者语用能力的提高提供帮助。

二、语用移情和顺应理论

(一) 语用移情

关于移情的研究最初起源于德国美学, 意为情感的渗透, 现已超越美学领域, 成为心理学、心理治疗学、语言学等领域的研究课题。从心理学的角度看, 移情 (empathy) 指通过对情感的知觉而自身产生与他人的情感相接近的情感体验, 这相当于情感的共鸣。日本语言学家库诺 (Kuno) 最早把移情的概念移植到了语言学领域, 按照库诺的说法, 所谓移情就是说话人与其所描写的事件或状态的参与人或物的关系的密切程度[1]。

国内最早将“移情”的概念引入语用学的是何自然。1991年, 在《言语交际中的语用移情》一文中, 何自然把移情研究引入语用学领域, 并提出“语用移情”这一概念。他指出:“移情在语用学上指言语交际双方情感的相通, 能设想和理解对方用意。它既有语用语言的问题, 也有社会语用问题, 涉及说话人如何刻意对听话人吐露心声、表达用意, 听话人如何设身处地来理解说话人言谈的心态和意图。社会语用问题涉及言语交际双方的社会、文化背景和人际关系, 当然也涉及语境。这种移情主要指言语交际双方都设身处地地尊重对方的思想感情和看法, 从而在言语交际过程中相互默契, 达到预期效果。”[2]冉永平[3]认为, 多数语境下的人际交往需要说话人从对方的视角考虑问题, 或从对方的需要出发, 替别人着想, 充分理解或满足对方的需求。本质上, 移情的目的在于实现交际双方之间的情感趋同, 意在缩短彼此间的心理距离, 构建和谐的人际关系, 从而实现所期待的交际效果。这就是与语言使用有关的语用移情。

(二) 顺应理论

Verschueren在《语用学新解》中提出了颇有影响的语言顺应论。顺应论有两个主要论述: (1) 使用语言的过程就是选择语言的过程; (2) 语言的使用就要从语境、语言结构等方面, 动态地根据不同的心理意识程度而做出的某种顺应。Verschueren指出语言使用的过程就是语言选择的过程, 同时也是对语境关系的顺应过程[4]。语言顺应论认为语言之所以能够在语言的使用过程中做出种种恰当的选择, 是因为语言具有三种特性:变异性、协商性和顺应性。

作为特殊文体的政治公众演说, 在形式上兼有口语和书面语的双重特点, 在内容上通常与时代紧密联系, 并往往借助各种语言技巧及情感煽动以达到移情的效果, 进而获得演讲的成功。本文基于顺应理论, 主要从顺应语言选择 (人称指示语的选择) 所产生的移情和顺应语境的过程而产生的移情对奥巴马总统演讲中的语用移情进行分析, 来揭示他是如何增强演讲的说服力, 进而达到其人际交往意义的。

三、奥巴马演讲中的语用移情分析

(一) 人称指示语的选择而产生的语用移情

指示语 (deixis) 是语言学的基本范畴之一, 反映了语言结构与语境之间的关系。人称指示语通常与一些语言学理论相结合进行研究, 比如:指示转移论、语境论、顺应论、心理投射论等。何自然指出, 人称指示语指谈话双方用话语传达信息时的相互称呼[5]。人称指示语可分为三类:第一人称指示, 指说话人;第二人称指示, 指听话人;第三人称指示, 既不包括说话人也不包括听话人。实际上, 指示语在使用过程中, 指示中心并不总是以发话人为中心, 有时也会发生转移, 常见的情况是将指示中心转移到受话者, 但也不排除转移至会话参与者以外的人或物。Lyons (1977) 称这种现象为“指示映射”[6]。在特定情况下, 说话人对人称指示词的特定选择反映了说话人的语用移情或离情, 体现了对听话人的态度、情感和相互关系的亲疏。

冉永平认为, 人称指示语的视角选择必然涉及人际关系的表达、适应与顺应。人称指示语的语用移情主要体现在说话者能从对方的角度进行语言编码, 使利益中心偏向听话者。恰当运用人称指示语, 尤其是受话人的面子受到威胁时, 会缩短双方的心理距离, 以实现心理趋同;或催生双方之间的亲密程度, 以体现亲密关系;或体现说话人对所指对象的尊敬[8]。下面分析奥巴马在演讲中对人称指示语的选择而产生的语用移情现象。

1. 第一人称复数we的使用

在奥巴马获胜演讲中, 使用频率最高的人称代词是第一人称复数we, 多达47次。Biber[7] (2000:329) 指出:在语用学中we的指示用法分为两种:“包括性的we (inclusive-we) ”, 即包括听众, 和“排除性的we” (exclusive-we) , 即排除听众。在奥巴马演讲中, 说话者与听者之间地位和权力悬殊, 说话者使用第一人称复数we作为移情指示手段, 避免将自己与听者形成地位或权力对比, 这样就保全了处于弱势地位的患者的面子, 从而增强了话语的礼貌功能。布朗和列文森将这种人称中心的转变归类为积极礼貌策略[8]。通过这种移情指示, “我们”比“你”听起来更加委婉、倍感亲切, 还能增加演讲者话语的劝说力, 增强语用效果, 更好地完成交际目的。试分析以下例句:

1) Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been just a collection of individuals or a collection of red states and blue states.We are, and always will be, the U-nited States of America.

Green认为第一人称代词复数与第二人称代词一样具有不确定性[9]。我们可以指说话者和任何其他个人, 无论在场与否。本例中的“我们”包括奥巴马和听众。从交际心理学的角度看, 说话人在说话时应尽可能注意到听话人的存在和对话语的心理感受, 从而使听话人自觉地融入交际情境。使用“包括式”的指称方式通常有利于建立情感相通、亲切融洽的交谈氛围。在演讲中, 奥巴马和听众之间的话语权力是不平等的, 奥巴马占有绝对的权力地位。

一般说来, 奥巴马使用包容性的we来指代民主党和共和党及听众, 很明显是通过这样来缩小他们之间的权力、地位差异, 拉近彼此之间的距离。奥巴马在这里没有提及民主党和共和党这样敏感的词汇, 而是用红色和蓝色代替;而且他使用了we来表达全国人民亲如一家, 不搞分裂, 崇尚团结的思想。人称代词we的使用, 体现了奥巴马代表整个美国的国家身份, 这里他代表整个美国政府向人们传达思想, 告诉人们即将执政的政府没有红与蓝之分, 一视同仁, 民主平等共生于美国大地之上;另外通过使用we, 拉近了与全国人民的距离, 使听众们感觉到自己没有被遗弃, 并对该执政党有好的印象以至于去拥护。由此可以看出we的使用达到了其交际的意义。

2. 第二人称you的使用

Quirk et al[10]指出:这个you可以表明说话者在引出听话者一般的生活体验, 或特殊情境中的体验, 我们把它称为“通用你”。“通用你”在奥巴马演讲中出现得较多。如下面的例句:

2) But above all, I will never forget who this victory truly belongs to.It belongs to you.It belongs to you.

3) I promise you, we as a people will get there.

4) God bless you.

在上述例句中, 奥巴马好像在与听者侃侃而谈, 听来非常亲切。这些例句中直接使用了“你”, 一方面使读者不知不觉地成了演讲的一部分, 另一方面可以将听者拉近, 营造一种亲切自然的交流氛围, 使听者产生亲近感, 从而乐于接受演讲者的观点和忠告。在该政治演讲话语中, 存在权力与意识形态的不同, 听者接受信息时可能存在的心理排斥与猜忌, 甚至会产生恐慌感, 直呼式“you”的使用, 可以使排斥与猜忌的心理情绪降到最低, 甚至可以达到消除的效果。

(二) 顺应语境的过程而产生的语用移情

奥巴马在演讲中除了通过人称指示语的选择来实现语用移情外, 还采用其他的移情策略来实现与受众的交流、沟通进而产生共鸣。根据维索尔伦的顺应理论, 语境分为交际语境和语言语境。本文侧重阐明移情策略在奥巴马演讲这种特殊的言语交际过程中如何顺应交际语境。交际语境由物理世界 (physical world) 、社交世界 (social world) 和心理世界 (mental world) 组成。物理世界中最重要的因素是时间和空间的指示关系;社交世界指社交场合、社会环境尤其是文化传统对交际者的言语行为所规范的原则和准则;心理世界包括交际双方的个性、情绪、愿望、意图等认知和情感方面的因素。话语发出者为了顺应交际语境在语言产生时做出语言选择, 而话语解释者则在理解语言时选择语言以顺应交际语境。作为一种语用现象, 移情策略的选择发生在特定的语境之中, 必然受到语境各因素的影响和制约。动态地看, 移情策略作为交际过程中的一种语言选择, 是同构成语境的各个方面发生顺应关系的结果。

在奥巴马演讲中, 语用移情策略的选择往往是用来顺应心理世界这一语境的。当然在该演讲中也有物理世界和社交世界的顺应。本文主要分析演讲者顺应心理世界这一语境而产生的语用移情。

1. 时态的顺应———现在时的运用而产生的移情。

演讲中经常用一般现在时, 达到演讲中的精确、形象、详尽。奥巴马在演讲中也不例外。这样就会给听者以身临其境的感受, 缩短听者与演讲中的人物和事件的距离, 达到感同身受的效果。除了一般现在时, 有时演讲中也使用现在进行时和现在完成进行时, 以增强演讲的亲近感、现实感和直接感。

5) America, we have come so far.We have seen so much.

在演讲中奥巴马使用现在完成进行时, 缩短了过去和现在的距离, 缩短了演讲者和听者的距离, 也缩短了听者和演讲内容的距离, 使听众感同身受, 达到了语用移情的效果。

2. 语气的顺应———疑问语气和虚拟语气的运用而产生的移情。

在功能语言学上, 功能语法把语气作为人际意义的主要成分。语气能较好地揭示对话参与者之间的人际关系及其地位、身份等。语气的抑扬顿挫往往在演讲中起到了意想不到的作用。因此演讲中的演讲者经常通过语气系统的运用来引起听者的兴趣, 抓住听者的注意力, 使其积极地参与演讲中, 并与演讲的声音进行心灵的对话。实现这一功能的语气之一是疑问语气和虚拟语气。这种语气的运用使演讲更具有对话性, 能使听者不经意间进入演讲情景之中, 达到身临其境的效果, 从而更好地实现人际交往的功能。例如:

6) America, we have come so far.We have seen so much But there is so much more to do.So tonight, let us ask ourselves-if our children should live to see the next century;if my daughters should be so lucky to live as long as Ann Nixon Cooper, what changer will they see?What progress will we have made?

本例句中的提问式和虚拟语气为听众创造了良好的演讲的氛围, 因此具有较理想的悬念。一方面听者听了演讲之后会陷入思索中, 以搜寻演讲所提出的有关问题的答案。另一方面这样做也可以使得听众参与该情景中, 达到互动交际的功能, 给演讲者以肯定, 促进交际活动的继续进行。

四、结语

公众政治演讲是一种特殊的交际行为, 在交际过程中, 演讲者以听众为中心, 时时为听者着想, 时时做换位思考, 进行视角转换;从听者心理需求出发, 设身处地为听众着想, 进而缩短与听众的心理距离, 实现与听众的心理趋同, 达到语用移情的效果。奥巴马在总统获胜演讲中成功地运用移情来吸引听众的目光, 使听众获得与其相近、相同的感受, 拉近彼此的距离而产生共鸣, 进而实现话语层面上的人际交往功能, 实现了其良好的人际交际的意义。

参考文献

[1]Kuno, S.Functional Syntax:Anaphora-Discourse andEmpathy[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press, 1987.

[2]何自然.言语交际中的语用移情[J].外语教学与研究, 1991, (4) :11-15.

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篇4：奥巴马2012获胜演讲稿(中英)

[关键词]奥巴马；获胜演讲；文体风格

[中图分类号]H311.9

[文献标识码]A

[文章编号]1008—1763(2009)03—0088—04

公众演讲作为一种极为特殊的文体，既不同于日常谈话、即席演说等口语体裁，又不同于小说、戏剧、诗歌等文学体裁。它兼具口语和书面语两种文体的语言特点，同时，又和这两种文体有着明显的差异。它扬口语浅显易懂之长，弃口语松散杂乱之短；既保留了书面语庄重文雅之风，又不失口语生动感人之韵，使人听来感到铿锵悦耳，感情充沛，极富感染力和号召力。“文体”一词，源于英文的“style”，它包含着语体和风格两方面的涵义。它既可指某一时代的文风，又可指某一作家使用语言的习惯；既可指某种体裁的语言特点，又可指某一作品的语言特色。本文就语言文体风格方面。从语篇风格、词汇风格、句式风格、修辞风格等方面对奥巴马的获胜演讲(victory speech)作一些具体的分析。

巴拉克·胡赛因·奥巴马(Barack Hussein Obama Jr.)在2008年11月4日美国总统选举中获胜，当选美国第56届总统，并成为美国历史上首位非洲裔总统。他的演讲技巧在当晚获胜演讲中被发挥得淋漓尽致。此演说言辞华美，气势雄伟，极富感染力，被认为是一篇演讲中的经典之作。

一语篇风格

(一)语篇结构

这篇演讲条理分明，框架清晰，独具匠心的语篇结构是其一大特色。“结构工整的演讲比结构零乱的演讲更易于为听众所理解。”研究表明：清晰的结构是与听众的理解力和记忆力紧密相连的；它会影响听众对演讲者的可信度的判定。而结构在很大程度上也影响着演讲的质量。演讲的组篇应按人们对事物的自然反应及思维模式进行。一篇好的演讲必需重点突出，层次分明，结构工整。总统获胜演说是一种具有深远历史意义和广泛影响力的语篇。其结构模式当然不容忽视。奥巴马的演讲可分为四个部分：

1.阐述了这次总统选举的历史意义。暗示奥巴马的当选符合广大民众的意愿，因此，他的当选也是民众的胜利。

2.用细腻的笔触和激昂的语言，真诚地传递出对竞选对手、竞争党派、亲朋好友、广大选民乃至国际社会的由衷感激、深情答谢和高度赞誉。

3.用简洁的笔墨和精炼的语言，准确地传达出对建国历程、时代功勋、国际挑战、政治方略和政治信念的精要评价和精辟回答。

3.用518个字的特写方式，重点讲述了了一位亚特兰大的106岁的黑人老妇人安·尼克松·库柏热心投票的爱国热情，并从她的视角回顾了美国经济的发展、壮大以及繁荣的过程。也回顾了美国消除种族歧视、性别歧视成为一个人人平等的民主社会的历程，以此来审视现实和展望美好的未来。

(二)语篇特色

一篇演讲的语篇风格相当关键，因为它决定了这篇演讲的整体基调，而其他所有文体因素均以语篇为基础。尽管有时语篇并不像其他文体特征表现得那么清楚直接，但对于整篇演讲是否成功，语篇起到了至关重要的作用。分析奥巴马的总统获胜演讲，我们不难发现其具有以下语篇风格：

1.语气温和，富有亲和力

奥巴马作为美国历史上首位非洲裔总统，来自美国的中低层，富有社区工作经验，了解普通美国民众的心声，强调“平等”、“自由”，他的获胜演讲辞语气温和，富有亲和力。例如在第一段中：

Hello, Chicago.

If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible; who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time; who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.

在演讲的一开头，奥巴马不是直接称呼“我的朋友们”或“女士们、先生们”之类，一句“Hello，Chicago”便与众不同，随着下面潮水涌动的欢呼，这一句已经代表所有。美国总统们的获胜和就职演说第一段一般都是很抽象的语言，而奥巴马在第一段开头，正如肯尼迪总统就职演说中所说的：“我们不把今天看成是一个政党胜利的日子，而看做庆祝自由的佳节。它既象征着结束，也象征着开始；它意味着继业，又意味着更新。”他用三个“如果”引出话题，最后用一句“你们今晚正是对那些疑问作出了回答”，通过这三个反复，首先表明了美国的伟大，再次强调了自己的当选完全是大多数美国公民的认同，他的当选是广大人民的胜利，最后让听众有了“我们的总统、人民的政府、为人民的政府”诞生了的共鸣。

2.激情四射，富有感染力

美国历史上出现过多个优秀的政治家，如林肯、肯尼迪和马丁·路德·金，他们成功的第一步都源自热情奔放、富有号召力的演讲。在传媒日益发达的当代，这一点尤其重要，因为演讲直接关系到能否感动选民、取得共鸣，奥巴马的演讲，既激情四射、振奋人心，又格调高雅，富有感染力。如第二、三、四段中使用了多组长排比句，他将大选人们排长队投票的场景，将全社会各层次人们全部列举出来向所有人宣告：美国在发生改变，美国会因为他的当选而发生改变，美国仍然充满希望和活力，美国因为所有人的融合而强大。而其中的：Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been a collection of individuals or a collection of Red States and Blue States: we are, and always will be, the United States of America.

“我们是，我们永远是美利坚合众国”是极度富有感染力的，演讲在这里达到第一个高潮。能在开篇就引导出一个高潮是成功演说的开始。这样的演讲开篇是很有力量和感染力的。如第六段的：

I just received a very gracious call from Senator McCain. He fought long and hard in this campaign, and he's fought even longer and harder for the country he loves. He has endured sac-

rifices for America that most of us cannot begin to imagine, and we are better off for the service rendered by this brave and self-less leader....

在这一段他高度赞扬了自己的竞选对手美国共和党总统候选人麦凯恩参议员，而且是极其诚恳和足够力度的评价，不带半点讽刺。我们不仅能看到这些赞扬，更能看到他的风度与尊重，当然，这么完美的对手同样可以起到肯定自己的作用。

二词汇风格

作为情景语境的三个主要变项，话语范围(field of dis-course)、话语方式(mode of discourse)和话语基调(tenor of discourse)共同作用产生了语域(register)。语域(register)是指“一个特定群体所用的特殊语言变体”。一个语域与其他语域的区别常见于其所用的独特的词汇。词汇的长度通常和该文章语体是否为正式语篇密切相关。传统上我们把包含六个以上(包括六个)字母或三个音节以上(含三个)的单词称为大词(big word)。这些词往往来自于拉丁语，希腊语或法语，或者有着复杂的内部结构。大词在正式书面体中出现较多。在奥巴马的这篇演讲中，全文共有1949个单词，其中410个为包含6个或6个字母以上的大词，占总数的21％，比美国总统获胜演讲或就职演讲的单词的大词所占的百分比27.7％要低些。如果我们排除包含恰好6个字母的单词，这个数目就减少到329个，仅占总单词数的16.8％。总的来说，我们可以看出奥巴马的这篇演讲用词具有十分大众化、平民化的特征。这与奥巴马的支持者大多来自美国社会的中下层民众有关，奥巴马希望通过词汇的使用来暗示：他是普通民众的总统，而非美国少数上流阶层的代言人。

除此之外，我们知道公众演讲都具有很强的鼓动性，演讲者常常借助形容词的灵活使用达到鼓动听众的效果。但在这篇演讲中，为了避免拉开与民众之间的距离，奥巴马尽量避免使用形容词，很多应该使用形容词的地方都用名词代替，使演讲显得更加客观、公正。在这篇演讲中共有94个形容词，仅占总词数的4.8％，远远少于美国总统获胜演讲或就职演说的形容词的平均含词量7.4％。然而，大部分形容词还是表达了演讲者强烈的主观判断和个人情感。比如fundamental，divided，shared，individual，national，thriving，false，hopeful，long，steep，worst等。这样既可以使自己的演讲更贴近民众，又不失恢宏气势。

人称代词在英语政治语篇中的应用很广泛。在这篇获胜演讲中，“we”共计使用47次，“us”12次，“our”27次，合计87次。而“I，me，my”只有31次，“he”使用了2次，用来指竞选对手麦卡恩，“she”使用了4次，指安妮·尼克松·古博(106岁的老人，她见证了美国的发展)。“they，them，their”19次。奥巴马的演讲中，使用得最多的是第一人称代词，尤其是第一人称复数代词“we”，及它的变体：“us，our，”等。不少情形下，第二人称代词“you”的使用都由第一人称代词所代替。大量使用“we”就等于把讲话人放到听话人的同一立场之上，或更精确地说，是把听话人拉到了自己的一边，这样一来就会使听众感到更亲切，就更容易赢得听众的支持。分析演讲稿，我们还发现，“you”、“your”的出现使听众感觉到自己就是那个“you”，不自觉地和新总统“we”开始对话，听众和总统间的距离不知不觉就缩小了。当演讲者用“we”来代替“I”时，可以营造一种友好的气氛，另一方面人们对即将上任的新一届总统抱有很高的期望值，希望他能“解决能源危机，修复与许多国家的关系，并将美国从经济危机的泥沼中带出来”。奥巴马通过“we”与“I”的成功置换，达到了“前面的路还很长、很艰辛，我需要你们的参与”的效果，从而树立了一个锐意改革、人民至上的新一代美国领导人形象，使演讲具有了强烈的煽动性。

三句式风格

奥巴马获胜演讲有单词数1949个，句子83个，平均句长为23.48个单词。其中含40个单词以上的句子为13个，含30—39个单词的句子15个，含20—29个单词的句子16个，含10—19个单词的句子18个，21个句子含有10个以下的单词。根据以上统计，和所有美国总统的演讲平均句长19.2个单词相比，这些数据显示出，奥巴马的获胜演讲平均句长较长。超过了美国总统就职演说的平均单句含词量。也明显超过了各类文体的平均句长17.8字。因此，奥巴马的总统竞选获胜演讲具有较明显的书面语特征，这是由演讲的内容、功能、发表场合及发表方式所决定的。总统获胜演讲的内容涉及政治，发表场合较严肃，可以事先准备，避免了口语体的随意性。从句子类型来看，简单句有13句，占总句数的15.7％；主从复合句有69句，占总句数的83.1％；并列复合句有1句，占总句数的1.2％。以上数据显示出，奥巴马的获胜演讲中，句子以主从复合句为主，其次为简单句，并列复合句含量最少。演讲中旬式的复杂性主要源于名词的后置现象。几乎没有所有格“'s”来替代后置修饰的现象。相反往往有本来可以用前置修饰却用后置修饰代替的现象。后置修饰语的增多，使限定更加精确，能提供更多信息，还可以使语言更加庄重，使内容更加严肃，并能起到强调的作用。简单句和短句结构简单，表意明确，有明显的强调功能.如“Yes，we can”在演讲中多次出现；复合句和长句容量大，能表达复杂的思想内容。本来简单句、短句常常出现在口语体中，复合句、长句常常出现在书面文体中。而这两种句式在奥巴马获胜演讲中呈平均分布，体现了句式的多样性特征，使语言表达强略得当，舒展自如，避免了单调乏味。另一方面也体现出，奥巴马获胜演讲辞在具有口语性特征的同时也具有较强的书面语特征，并以书面语特征为主。

四修辞风格

政治演说的目的主要在于向听众宣扬政治主张，这样的演讲必须具有说服力和强烈的煽动性。因此，演讲者常常借助于各种修辞手段来达到这些效果。在奥巴马的演讲中被使用的修辞手法主要有四种：排比、反复、对比以及暗喻。使用这些修辞手法可使语句结构整齐匀称，显示形式的整体美，演说起来声调铿锵，使听者感到语意特别丰富，力量特别集中，说理十分有力。

1.排比(paralldism)

排比是一种修辞手段。它是指把结构相同、意义并重、语气一致的词、短语、句子、甚至段落排成串，形成一个整体。排比是奥巴马获胜演讲中使用最频繁的修辞手法。例如：

(1)If there is anyone out there who still doubts that Ameri-

ca is a place-where all things are possible; who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time; who still ques-tions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer. 这里是三个定语从句构成的排比，强调如果有任何人怀疑美国精神的鲜活，那么今天我的当选是最好的答案。这里也间接说明了奥巴马当选的意义。

(2)It's been a long time coming, but tonight, because of what we did on this day, in this election, at this defining too-ment,change has come to America.这里是三个介词短语构成的排比，蕴含今天是美国划时代的日子，因为它迎来了变革。

(3) There is new energy to harness and new jobs to be cre-ated;new schools to build and threats to meet and alliances to repair.这是五个不定式短语的排比，表达了今后任务的繁重及艰辛。

(4)And above all, I will ask you join in the work of rema-king this nation the only way it's been done in America for two-hundred and twenty-one years-block by block, brick by brick,calloused hand by calloused hand.这里是三个习语的排比，希望美国人民从此众志成城，建设美好家园。

从以上例子我们也可以看出，奥巴马获胜演讲中排比句的使用成功地加强了语势，阐明了观点，层层递进。用来抒情时，由浅入深地抒发感情，节奏和谐，显得感情洋溢；用来说理时，条理清晰，鼓动性强。

2.反复(repetition)

反复指的是同一语言结构(词语或句子)在话语中重复出现的一种语言现象，通过反复不仅可以使语篇具有强烈的节奏感，还能引起听众注意，使重点留下深刻的印象。除此之外，反复还能达到衔接语篇的功能，同时加强情感。反复可以分为连续反复(immediate repetition)和间隔反复(intermittent repetition)两种。连续反复是接连重复的同一个词组和句子，中间没有其他词语出现。间隔反复是同一个词组或句子间隔出现，即有其他词句隔开。奥巴马的这篇演讲常在连续几段的开头或末尾重复某个短语或句子，属于间隔反复，可以造成层层递进的气势。又如在演讲稿开头第1段的结尾和第2、3、4段的开头都使用了“it's the answer to”，以此来证明“我今晚的当选”的意义；同时，“Yes we can”这个句子也出现了6次，分别出现在第24、25、26、27、28、29段的结尾处。这些段落中既用了排比又用了反复。最后一次以大写的形式作为讲稿的结尾，使演讲产生强烈的感情效果，造成层层递进的气势，意在点燃公众心中的激情和希望。

3.对比(contrast)

奥巴马的总统获胜演讲中大量使用了对比。对比可以使听众更好地理解演讲者的意图，突出其讲话的重点。本篇演讲中也不时地运用对比手段来进一步阐释演讲者的观点，例如：

(1) It's the answer spoken by young and rid, rich and poor, Democrat and Republican, black, white, Latino, Asian,Native American, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled...这里里将年轻人和老人，有钱人和没钱人，民主党的和共和党的，黑人，白人，西班牙裔人，亚裔人，美国本土人，同性恋，异性恋，残疾的和不残疾的进行罗列对比，这在各类公众演讲中都实属罕见。这种对比的使用显示了奥巴马仁慈、博大的心胸以及人人平等的美国基本理念。

(2) It grew strength from the young people who rejected the myth of their generations apathy; who left their homes and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep; from the not-so-young people who braved the bitter cold and scorchingheat to knock on the doors of perfect strangers,这里将youngpeople与not so young people进行对比。

4.暗喻(metaphor)

暗喻作为一种非常重要的修辞手段，是将两种本质不同的事物进行比较，从而突出其共性的手法。在奥巴马的演讲中也有一些运用，例如：

(1) It's the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen; by people who waited three hours and four hours, many for the very first time in their lives, because they believed that this time must be different; that their voice could be that difference.这里“声音”用来暗喻“民主”、“民声”。

(2)...Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been a collection of Red States and Blue States: we are, and always will be, the United States of America. “红色营”暗喻“共和党”，“蓝色阵营”暗喻“民主党”。

(3)...that led those who've been told for so long by so

many to be cynical, and fearful, and doubtful about what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day.这段中的“are”与“bend”暗喻“美国这几年的历史走了弯路，我今天的当选让历史回到了它正确的轨道上来了”。

总之，这是一篇极富激情与感染力的演讲，无论是从文字还是奥巴马本身的表现上，都堪称高度经典的作品。在他的演说中有大量气势恢宏的排比句，也不缺乏掷地有声的单句与短语或单词，更不缺乏感染力极强的暗喻、对比等修辞手法的使用。奥巴马将这些元素巧妙地搭配在一起就构成一篇激情磅礴的演讲。

[参考文献]

[1]陈平.角色认知与话语的最佳关联一从美国总统就职演说说起[J].福州大学学报(哲学社会科学版)，2003，(2):92-95.

[2] 熊莉.从就职演说辞看肯尼迪演说的文体风格[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社科版)，2004.(6):407-41.

[3]John F. Kennedy. InaugurslAddrasshttp[EB/OL].//xzj.200Oy.net/mb/2/readnews, asp? newsid=420612.

[4]Halliday, M. A. K. & Hasan, R. Language, Context and Text[M]. Victoria: Deakin University Press, 1985:19 -23.

[5]Barack Obama. Victory Speech http[ EB/OL].//www. chinadaily.com. cn/language_tips/auvideo/2008-11/05/content_7176921. htm, 2008.11.04.

[6]胡壮麟.理论文体学[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社。2000.

[7]秦秀白.英语语体和文体要略[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，2002.

[8]Halliday, M. A. K. &Hasan, R. Cohesion in English[ M]. Lon-don:Longman Group Limited, 1976.

篇5：奥巴马2012获胜演讲稿(中英)

奥巴马2012胜选演讲中英文全文

Thank you so much.Tonight, more than 200 years after a former colony won the right to determine its own destiny, the task of perfecting our union moves forward.It moves forward because of you.It moves forward because you reaffirmed the spirit that has triumphed over war and depression, the spirit that has lifted this country from the depths of despair to the great heights of hope, the belief that while each of us will pursue our own individual dreams, we are an American family and we rise or fall together as one nation and as one people.Tonight, in this election, you, the American people, reminded us that while our road has been hard, while our journey has been long, we have picked ourselves up, we have fought our way back, and we know in our hearts that for the United States of America the best is yet to come.I want to thank every American who participated in this election, whether you voted for the very first time or waited in line for a very long time.By the way, we have to fix that.Whether you pounded the pavement or picked up the phone, whether you held an Obama sign or a Romney sign, you made your voice heard and you made a difference.I just spoke with Gov.Romney and I congratulated him and Paul Ryan on a hard-fought campaign.We may have battled fiercely, but it’s only because we love this country deeply and we care so strongly about its future.From George to Lenore to their son Mitt, the Romney family has chosen to give back to America through public service and that is the legacy that we honor and applaud tonight.In the weeks ahead, I also look forward to sitting down with Gov.Romney to talk about where we can work together to move this country forward.I want to thank my friend and partner of the last four years, America’s happy warrior, the best vice president anybody could ever hope for, Joe Biden.And I wouldn’t be the man I am today without the woman who agreed to marry me 20 years ago.Let me say this publicly: Michelle, I have never loved you more.I have never been prouder to watch the rest of America fall in love with you, too, as our nation’s first lady.Sasha and Malia, before our very eyes you’re growing up to become two strong, smart beautiful young women, just like your mom.And I’m so proud of you guys.But I will say that for now one dog’s probably enough.To the best campaign team and volunteers in the history of politics.The best.The best ever.Some of you were new this time around, and some of you have been at my side since the very beginning.But all of you are family.No matter what you do or where you go from here, you will carry the memory of the history we made together and you will have the lifelong appreciation of a grateful president.Thank you for believing all the way, through every hill, through every valley.You lifted me up the whole way and I will always be grateful for everything that you’ve done and all the incredible work that you put in.I know that political campaigns can sometimes seem small, even silly.And that provides plenty of fodder for the cynics that tell us that politics is nothing more than a contest of egos or the domain of special interests.But if you ever get the chance to talk to folks who turned out at our rallies and crowded along a rope line in a high school gym, or saw folks working late in a campaign office in some tiny county far away from home, you’ll discover something else.You’ll hear the determination in the voice of a young field organizer who’s working his way through college and wants to make sure every child has that same opportunity.You’ll hear the pride in the voice of a volunteer who’s going door to door because her brother was finally hired when the local auto plant added another shift.You’ll hear the deep patriotism in the voice of a military spouse who’s working the phones late at night to make sure that no one who fights for this country ever has to fight for a job or a roof over their head when they come home.That’s why we do this.That’s what politics can be.That’s why elections matter.It’s not small, it’s big.It’s important.Democracy in a nation of 300 million can be noisy and messy and complicated.We have our own opinions.Each of us has deeply held beliefs.And when we go through tough times, when we make big decisions as a country, it necessarily stirs passions, stirs up controversy.That won’t change after tonight, and it shouldn’t.These arguments we have are a mark of our liberty.We can never forget that as we speak people in distant nations are risking their lives right now just for a chance to argue about the issues that matter, the chance to cast their ballots like we did today.But despite all our differences, most of us share certain hopes for America’s future.We want our kids to grow up in a country where they have access to the best schools and the best teachers.A country that lives up to its legacy as the global leader in technology and discovery and innovation, with all the good jobs and new businesses that follow.We want our children to live in an America that isn’t burdened by debt, that isn’t weakened by inequality, that isn’t threatened by the destructive power of a warming planet.We want to pass on a country that’s safe and respected and admired around the world, a nation that is defended by the strongest military on earth and the best troops this – this world has ever known.But also a country that moves with confidence beyond this time of war, to shape a peace that is built on the promise of freedom and dignity for every human being.We believe in a generous America, in a compassionate America, in a tolerant America, open to the dreams of an immigrant’s daughter who studies in our schools and pledges to our flag.To the young boy on the south side of Chicago who sees a life beyond the nearest street corner.To the furniture worker’s child in North Carolina who wants to become a doctor or a scientist, an engineer or an entrepreneur, a diplomat or even a president – that’s the future we hope for.That’s the vision we share.That’s where we need to go – forward.That’s where we need to go.Now, we will disagree, sometimes fiercely, about how to get there.As it has for more than two centuries, progress will come in fits and starts.It’s not always a straight line.It’s not always a smooth path.By itself, the recognition that we have common hopes and dreams won’t end all the gridlock or solve all our problems or substitute for the painstaking work of building consensus and making the difficult compromises needed to move this country forward.But that common bond is where we must begin.Our economy is recovering.A decade of war is ending.A long campaign is now over.And whether I earned your vote or not, I have listened to you, I have learned from you, and you’ve made me a better president.And with your stories and your struggles, I return to the White House more determined and more inspired than ever about the work there is to do and the future that lies ahead.Tonight you voted for action, not politics as usual.You elected us to focus on your jobs, not ours.And in the coming weeks and months, I am looking forward to reaching out and working with leaders of both parties to meet the challenges we can only solve together.Reducingour deficit.Reforming our tax code.Fixing our immigration system.Freeing ourselves from foreign oil.We’ve got more work to do.But that doesn’t mean your work is done.The role of citizen in our democracy does not end with your vote.America’s never been about what can be done for us.It’s about what can be done by us together through the hard and frustrating, but necessary work of self-government.That’s the principle we were founded on.This country has more wealth than any nation, but that’s not what makes us rich.We have the most powerful military in history, but that’s not what makes us strong.Our university, our culture are all the envy of the world, but that’s not what keeps the world coming to our shores.What makes America exceptional are the bonds that hold together the most diverse nation on earth.The belief that our destiny is shared;that this country only works when we accept certain obligations to one another and to future generations.The freedom which so many Americans have fought for and died for come with responsibilities as well as rights.And among those are love and charity and duty and patriotism.That’s what makes America great.I am hopeful tonight because I’ve seen the spirit at work in America.I’ve seen it in the family business whose owners would rather cut their own pay than lay off their neighbors, and in the workers who would rather cut back their hours than see a friend lose a job.I’ve seen it in the soldiers who reenlist after losing a limb and in those SEALs who charged up the stairs into darkness and danger because they knew there was a buddy behind them watching their back.I’ve seen it on the shores of New Jersey and New York, where leaders from every party and level of government have swept aside their differences to help a community rebuild from the wreckage of a terrible storm.And I saw just the other day, in Mentor, Ohio, where a father told the story of his 8-year-old daughter, whose long battle with leukemia nearly cost their family everything had it not been for health care reform passing just a few months before the insurance company was about to stop paying for her care.I had an opportunity to not just talk to the father, but meet this incredible daughter of his.And when he spoke to the crowd listening to that father’s story, every parent in that room had tears in their eyes, because we knew that little girl could be our own.And I know that every American wants her future to be just as bright.That’s who we are.That’s the country I’m so proud to lead as your president.And tonight, despite all the hardship we’ve been through, despite all the frustrations of Washington, I’ve never been more hopeful about our future.I have never been more hopeful about America.And I ask you to sustain that hope.I’m not talking about blind optimism, the kind of hope that just ignores the enormity of the tasks ahead or the roadblocks that stand in our path.I’m not talking about the wishful idealism that allows us to just sit on the sidelines or shirk from a fight.I have always believed that hope is that stubborn thing inside us that insists, despite all the evidence to the contrary, that something better awaits us so long as we have the courage to keep reaching, to keep working, to keep fighting.America, I believe we can build on the progress we’ve made and continue to fight for new jobs and new opportunity and new security for the middle class.I believe we can keep the promise of our founders, the idea that if you’re willing to work hard, it doesn’t matter who you are or where you come from or what you look like or where you love.It doesn’t matter whether you’re black or white or Hispanic or Asian or Native American or young or old or rich or poor, able, disabled, gay or straight, you can make it here in America if you’re willing to try.I believe we can seize this future together because we are not as divided as our politics suggests.We’re not as cynical as the pundits believe.We are greater than the sum of our individual ambitions, and we remain more than a collection of red states and blue states.We are and forever will be the United States of America.And together with your help and God’s grace we will continue our journey forward and remind the world just why it is that we live in the greatest nation on Earth.Thank you, America.God bless you.God bless these United States.

篇6：奥巴马竞选获胜演讲

摘 要：本文从文体学角度详细分析了美国总统奥

巴马的竞选获胜演讲中的多种修辞手法，如排比、对照、重复、头韵、比喻和引用等。

关键词：奥巴马演讲 修辞分析

大量使用修辞是英文演讲的一个主要文体特点，历

史上无数的演讲名篇无不以修辞取胜，给人留下深刻的 印象。诸如美国总统林肯的《葛底斯堡演说》中的排比句： “A government of the people，by the people，for the people shall not perish from the earth.”（民有，民治，民享的政府永 远不会在地球上消失）；美国总统肯尼迪就职演说中的对 句：“Ask not what your country can do for you，ask what you can do for your country.”（不要问你的国家为你做了什么，而要先问你为你的国家做了什么。）；美国黑人领袖马丁· 路德·金的《我有一个梦想》中反复使用的诸如“Now is the time”，“I have a dream”，“One hundred years later”，“With this faith”，“Let freedom ring”等重复手法；美国副总统戈 尔演讲中的头韵：“We should not demean our democracy with the politics of distraction，denial，and despair.”（我们不 可用消解、拒绝和绝望的托辞贬屈我们的民主）；美国民 权运动的领导人耶西·杰克逊演讲中的比喻：“America is not like a blanket—— —one piece of unbroken cloth...America is more like a quilt—— —woven together with one common thread...”（美国不像一张地毯—— —一块完整的布„„美 国更像一条被子—— —用一根线编制在一起„„）等不胜 枚举。这些使用修辞的经典词句给人们留下了难以磨灭 的印记，被很多人熟记并稍加修改后运用到自己的写作 中去。

尽管美国新一任总统奥巴马的竞选获胜演讲（注：讲

稿非奥巴马本人撰写，执笔人是年仅27岁的乔恩·法弗 洛，当然奥巴马也会参与意见）在某些文体方面已不再固

守传统，如开始使用“It’s”，“that’s”，“She’s”等缩略形式，不再使用诸如“my fellow citizens”，“my friends”等约定俗 成的呼语，但是在修辞方面却丝毫没有懈怠，使用了很多 为其演讲增色的修辞手法，下面笔者逐一加以探讨。

1.各类演讲中最常用的修辞手法非排比（paral-

lelism）莫属，可以说是必不可少的。排比即将三个或三个 以上结构一致或相似的词、词组或句子并置在一起。使用 排比会给人以一气呵成之感，节奏感强，增强语言气势，加强表达效果，可以把论点阐述得更严密，更透彻。在奥 巴马的演讲中不乏成功的排比句。如：“The true strength of our nation comes not from our might of our arms or the

scale of our wealth，but from the enduring power of our ide-als：democracy，liberty，opportunity，and unyielding hope.”

（我们国家的真正力量不是来自我们强有力的武器，亦非

来自我们雄厚的财富，而是来自我们持久不变的理想：民

主、自由、机遇和夙愿），这属于单词的排比，而这在汉语

中一般并不归类为排比；再如：“She lived to see them stand

up and speak out and reach for the ballot.”（她活着看到女人

们站起来，说出来，并获得选举权）；“There is new energy

to harness and new jobs to be created；new schools to build

and threats to meet and alliances to repair.”（我们还要使用

新的能量，创造新的就业机会，开办新的学校，勇敢面对

威胁，积极修复盟国关系）和“I would not be standing here

tonight without the unyielding support of my best friend for

the last sixteen years，the rock of our family and the love of

my life，our nation’s next First Lady，Michelle Obama.”（我今晚能站在这里，是和一个人的不懈支持分不开的。她是

我过去十六年中最好的朋友，我家庭的基石，我一生的至

爱，她就是我们国家的下一位第一夫人，米歇尔·奥巴

马），这属于词组的排比； 又如：“I may not have won your

vote，but I hear your voices，I need your help，and I will be

your President too.”（也许我没有获得你们的选票，但是我听到了你们的声音，我需要你们的帮助，我也将是你们的总统）和 “If there is anyone out there who still doubts that

America is a place where all things are possible；who still

wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time；who

still questions the power of our democracy，tonight is your

answer.”（如果还有人怀疑美国是一个一切皆有可能的国

家，如果还有人怀疑我们国家的缔造者们的梦想如今是

否依然存在，如果还有人怀疑我们国家民主的力量，那么

今晚你们就可以得到答案），这属于句子的排比。排比的运用使奥巴马的演讲语言更丰富，结构更紧凑，说理更有

力度。

2.对照或对句（antithesis）也是演讲中一个比较常见的修辞手法。该手法通过将对比明显的两个事物或事件

并置而达到强调差异的目的，对比的两方在意思上是相

反的，但在形式是相似的。如：“It’s the answer spoken by

young and old，rich and poor，Democrat and Republican，black，white，Latino，Asian，and Native American，gay，stra

ight，disabled and not disabled...”（无论是年轻人还是年长

者，富人还是穷人，民主党人还是共和党人，黑人还是白

人，拉美人、亚洲人还是美国人，同性恋还是异性恋，残疾

人还是健全人，他们都在回答这个问题）；再如：“Our sto-

ries are singular，but our destiny is shared.”（我们的故事是

不同的，但我们的命运是相同的）； 又如：“To those who

would tear this world down—— —we will defeat you.To those

who seek peace and security—— —we support you.”（对于那

些想要破坏这个世界的人，我们要打败你们。对于那些追

求和平与安全的人，我们支持你们。）通过对照的方式可

奥巴马竞选获胜演讲的修辞分析

郭 瑞1

王秋生2

（1河北师范大学 外国语学院，河北 石家庄 050016；2北京语言大学 外国语学院，北京 100000）

○ 文学语言学研究

422009年4月号中旬刊

以使自己想突出的观点更凸显。

3.重复（repetition）在汉语的修辞手法里是不单列出

来的。而且上边谈到的排比其实也属于重复的范畴，而后

边即将谈到的头韵，不会谈到的谐元韵、谐辅韵等语音重

复也包括在内。只不过修辞里指的重复更狭窄或更具体

一些，一般分为两种：同义词重复和句子结构重复。同义

词重复如：“We rise or fall as one nation；as one people.”（不

论我们沉与浮，我们都是一个国家、一个民族）；再如“who

left their homes and their families”（他们离开了自己的家，自己的家人）； 又如：“This is our moment.This is our time.”

（这是我们的时刻。这是我们的时代）；还有“every deci-

sion or policy I make as President”（我作为总统所做的每一个决定和决策）。结构的重复如“It’s the answer...”重复

了三次，“Yes we can.”重复了七次，强调了奥巴马作为总

统对全国上下的充分信赖以及对光明未来的坚信不移，而这一句如今也成为了一句脍炙人口的流行语。结构的重复与排比很相似，学生容易混淆。两者的区别是排比句

子都并列在一起，结构紧凑；而重复的结构一般相隔着其

他的句子乃至段落。

4.头韵（alliteration），即相邻或不相邻的一组词开头

字母的重复，也是演讲常用修辞之一。如“the heartache

and the hope”（痛苦和希望），如果把heartache换成pain或

agony，意思虽未改变，但头韵就没有了，修辞效果明显下

降； 又如：“Let us resist the temptation to fall back on the

same partisanship and pettiness and immaturity that has poi-

soned our politics for so long.”（让我们抵制诱惑，以免再次

回到以前那种毒害了我们的政治那么久的党派偏见、卑

鄙小气和不成熟）；再如“it is only the chance for us to make

that change”（这是我们唯一加以改变的机会），其实

chance可以用opportunity，但换词之后就没有了头韵。又

如“to put our people back to work and open doors of opportu-

nity for our kids；to restore prosperity and promote the cause

of peace”（使我们的人民重新回到工作岗位，为我们的儿

童提供更多的机会，恢复我们国家的繁荣昌盛，稳步推进

和平事业）。使用头韵的作用是丰富语言结构，以引起听

众的注意，使观点更容易被他们接受。

5.暗喻（metaphor）虽不是演讲最常用修辞之一，但也

经常出现在演讲中，尤其是在马丁·路德·金的《我有一个 梦想》 中更是俯拾皆是。奥巴马的演讲没有用很多的暗 喻，毕竟该手法不像排比和重复等那么重要，而且用多了 但用不好反而会影响读者的接受。奥巴马演讲中的暗喻 例句 有 “The road ahead will be long.Our climb will be steep.”（前方的路依旧很长。我们的前进将会充满坎

坷。）；还有“the rock of our family”（我家庭的基石）用来指 自己的妻子在家庭生活中的重要作用。

6.引用（allusion & quotation）也是演讲常用修辞手

法。演讲者常常引经据典，一方面显示自己的博学，另一 方面让众所周知的人或事来帮自己说话能使听众更好地

理解自己的观点。第一种是间接引用，即用典（allusion），指的是提及神话中或历史上著名的人或事件而使听众产 生联想。奥巴马在评论106岁的安·尼克松·库珀时的话就 有很多用典。如 “When the bombs fell on our harbor and tyranny threatened the world”（当炸弹落在我们的海港，当 暴行威胁整个世界）分别指的是“日本偷袭美国珍珠港” 和“德国发动二战”；“the buses in Montgomery，the hoses in Birmingham，a bridge in Selma”（蒙哥马利的公共汽车，伯 明翰的水龙头，塞尔玛的桥）指的分别是黑人为争取权利 的三个事件。“蒙哥马利的公共汽车”指1955年，黑人妇女 帕克斯在蒙哥马利市的一辆公车上拒绝给一个白人让 座，被捕入狱后触发了长达一年的黑人抵制行动，最后成 功要求该巿所有巴士废除种族隔离。“伯明翰的水龙头” 指1963年，马丁·路德·金在伯明翰城领导一场为黑人争 取工作，并反对禁止黑人在“白人餐馆”就餐的斗争。警察 使用了警犬和水龙头对付抗议的群众。而后金发表《我有 一个梦想》的著名演说。“塞尔玛的桥”则指1965年，塞尔 马地区的黑人不满政府无理剥夺他们的选举权，决定游 行到州首府蒙哥马利，但在经过埃蒙德佩图斯桥时，警察 向游行队伍施放催泪弹，又用木棍殴打游行人士，结果造 成百多人浴血的“埃盟德佩图斯桥”惨剧。这三件事都与 黑人民权运动有关且是建立在美国开国元勋的理想理念 之下的，所以奥巴马在演讲中重提这些事件，非常符合他 所提出的政治口号；“A man touched down on the moon，a wall came down in Berlin，a world was connected by our own science and imagination.”（一个人踏上了月球，一座墙在 柏林轰然倒塌，一个世界由我们的科学和想象联结在一 起）则指的是美国人尼尔·阿姆斯特朗成为第一个登上月 球的人和德国人推倒阻隔东西德28年多的柏林墙，重获 统一，这两件事分别指代当今世界两大主题，即和平与发 展，虽然这里只提到科技发展。这说明了奥巴马作为总统

不会只关注本国的发展，更要关心整个世界的格局。另外 一种引用是指不加任何修改地直接借用名人名言到自己 的演讲中，如奥巴马直接引用林肯的“a government of the people，by the people and for the people has not perished

from this earth.”（民有，民治，民享的政府永远不会从地球 上消失）。而源自亚特兰大传教士的那句“We Shall Over-come”（我们将胜利或我们将打破种族障碍）指的是美国黑 人民权运动（1955-1968）时一首主要歌曲的名字，作为第 一位美国黑人总统的奥巴马引用起来得心应手而又再合 适不过。

综上所述，多种修辞手法的使用给奥巴马的竞选获

胜演讲增色不少，为其锦上添花，使之堪称一篇成功演讲 的范例。

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