1990年全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷及答案

1990年全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷及答案（精选6篇）

篇1：1990年全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷及答案

Ⅲ. For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labelled A, B, C

and D. Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SrmET. Read the whole

passage before making your choice. ( 1O point)

No one knows for sure what the world would be like in the year . Many books have

been written _26__the future. But the 19th-century French novelist Jules Veme may be called a

futurologist in the fullest _27__ of the word. In his fantastic novels “A Trip to the Moon” and

“80 Days Around the World” , he described#39; with detail the aeroplane and even the helicopter.

These novels still have a great attraction _28__ young readers of today because of their bold

imagination and scientific accuracy .

Below is a description of what our life will be in the year 2001 as predicted by a _29___ writ-

er .

In 2001 , in the home, cookers will be set so that you can cook a complete meal at the touch

of a switch.

Television will provide information on prices at the _30__ shops as well as news and enter-

tainment. Videophones will bring pictures as well as _31____ to telephone conversations.

Machines will control temperature, lighting, entertainment, security alarms, laundry and

gardening .

Lighting will provide decoration as well as wallpaper.

At work, robots will take _32___ most jobs in the manufacturing industries. Working hours

will fall to under 30 hours a week. Holidays will get longer; six weeks will be the normal annual

holiday. Men and women will retire at the sarlle age.

Our leisure will be different too. The home will become the center of entertainment through

television and electronic games. More people will eat out in restaurants _33_ they do today; al-

so they will have a much wider variety of food available. There will be a change of taste towards

a more savoury-flavored menu. New synthetic foods will form a _34____ part of people#39; s diets.

Foreign travel will _35__;winter holidays will become more popular than summer ones.

Also non-stop flights from Britain to Australia and New Zealand will be easily available and much

cheaper. Education will become increasingly more important than ever before.

26. A. in B. of C. about D. for

27. A. sense B. meaning C. detail D. implication

28. A. for B. of C. on D. towards

29. A. today B. nowadays C. present-day D. present

30. A. near B. nearby C. nearly D. nearer

31. A. noise B. sound C. tone D. tune

32. A. to B. away C. off D. over

33. A. than B. as C. when D. while

34. A. usual B. popular C. daily D. regular

35. A. add B. increase C. raise D. arise

IV . Each of the follnwing sentence has four underlined parts. These parts are labelled A, B, C

and D. Identify the part of sentence that is incomect and put your choice in the ANSWER

SHEET. Then , without altering the meaning of the sentence , wite down your correction nn

the line in the ANSWER SHEET. (IO points)

#39;

EXAMPLE :

You have to hurry up if you want to buy something because the_re#39;s hardly something Jeft.

A BCD

ANSWER : ( C)anything

36. Alice was having trouble to control the children because there were so many of them.

A B C D

37. We were very much surprised that the village was such long way from the road.

A B C D

38. John#39;s chance of being elected chairman of the committee is far greater than Dick.

A B C D

39. “We have won a great victory on our enemy, ” the captain said.

A B C D

40. There are many valuable services which the public are willing to pay for, but which

A B

does not bring a return in money to the community.

C D

41 . The law I am .referring require that everyone who owns a car have accident insurance.

A B C D

42. “I considered it a honor to be invited to address the meeting of world-famous scientists, ”

A B C D

said Professor Leacock .

43. He was seeing somebody creeping into the house through the open window last night .

A B C D

44. The reason for all the changes being made has not explained to us yet.

A B C D

45 . Even though the children pretended asleep , the nurses were not deceived when they came in-

A B C D

to the room.

V . Fill in the blanks with the appmpriate fnmts of the verbs given in the brackets. Put your

answers in the ANSWER SHEET. ( IO point)

EXAMPLE :

It is highly desirable that a new president _ (appoint) for this college.

ANSWER : (should) be_appointed

46 . Buying clothes _(be) very time-consuming as you rarely find things that fit you nice-

Iy .

47. They keep telling us it is of utmast importance that our representative _ (send) to the

conference on schedule .

48. I must call your attention to the directions. Read them carefully and act as _ (in-

struct) .

49. Emma said in her letter that she would appreciate _ (hear) from you soon.

50. I _(call) to make an airline reservation, but I didn#39; t.

51 . If Greg had tried harder to reach the opposite shore, we _ _ _(not have) to pick him up

in the boat.

52 . After twenty years abroad, William came back only _ ( find) his hometown severely

damaged in an earthquake.

53. The lecture _ (begin) , he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leav-

ing disturbed the speaker.

54. The children were surprised when the teacher had them _ (cloes) their books unex-

pectedly .

55. A new road will be built here, and therefore a number of existing houses _(have to

destroy ) .

篇2：1990年全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷及答案

Directions:

This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Part C.

Remember, while you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to Answer Sheet I.

Now look at Part At your test booklet.

Part A

Directions:

For Question 1-5, you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write Only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.(5 points)

Boston Museum of Fine Arts Founded( year ) 1870 Opened to the public( year ) Question 1

Moved to the current location ( year ) 1909 The west wing completed( year ) Question 2 Number of departments 9 The most remarkable department Question 3

Exhibition Space ( m2 ) Question 4 Approximate number of visitors/year 800,000 Programs provided classes lectures Question 5 films

Part B

Directions

For Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with an expert on marriage problems. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. USe not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. ( 5 points )

What should be the primary source of help for a troubled couple? __________ . Question 6

Writing down a list of problems in the marriage may help a troubled couple discuss them_______ . Question 7

Who should a couple consider seriously turning to if they can#39;t talk with each other? _________ . Question 8

Priests are usually unsuccessful in counseling troubled couples despite their _______ . Question 9

According to the old notion, what will make hearts grow fonder? _______. Question 10

Part C

Directions:

You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A,B,C or D . After listening, you will have time to check your answers you will hear each piece once only. ( 10 points )

Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about napping, you now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.

11. Children under five have abundant energy partly because they _________ .

A. Sleep in three distinct parts.

B. have many five-minute naps.

C. sleep in one long block.

D. take one or two naps daily.

12. According to the speaker, the sleep pattern of a baby is determined by_______ .

A. its genes

B. its habit

C. its mental state

D. its physical condition

13. The talk suggests that, if you feel sleepy through the day, you should______ .

A. take some refreshment.

B. go to bed early

C. have a long rest

D. give in to sleep.

Questions 14-16 are based on the following interview with Sherman Alexie. an American Indian poet.You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.

14. Why did Sherman Alexie only take day jobs?

A. he Could bring unfinished work home.

B. He might have time to pursue his interests.

C. He might do some evening teaching.

D. He could invest more emotion in his family.

15.What was his original goal at college?

A. to teach in high school .

B. to write his own books.

C. to be a medical doctor.

D. to be a mathematician.

16. Why did he take the poetry-writing class?

A. To follow his father.

B. For an easy grade.

C. To change his specialty.

D. For knowledge of poetry.

Questions 17-20 are based on the following talk about public speaking. you know have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.

17. What is the most important thing in public speaking ?

A. Confidence.

B. Preparation.

C. Informativeness.

D. Organization.

18. What does the speaker advise us to do to capture the audience#39;s attention？

A. Gather abundant data.

B. Organize the idea logically.

C. Develop a great opening.

D. Select appropriate material.

19. If you don#39;t start working for the presentation until the day before, you will feel _____ .

A. uneasy

B. uncertain

C. frustrated

D. depressed

20. Who is this speech ,ost probably meant for?

A. Those interested in the power of persuasion. B. Those trying to improve their public image.

C. Those planning to take up some public work.

D. Those eager to become effective speakers.

You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.

Section II Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-concious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which thereare more winners than losers, 28 ,publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.

In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guity and without letting the other participants 37 . this does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibity. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and byshavingsclearly stated rules.

21. A. thought B.idea C. opinion D. advice

22. A. strengthen B. accommodate C. stimulate D. enhance

23. A. care B. nutrition C. exercise D. leisure

24. A. If B. Although C. Whereas D. Because

25. A. assistance B. guidance C. confidence D. tolerance

26. A. claimed B. admired C. ignored D. surpassed

27. A. improper B. risky C. fair D. wise

28. A. in effect B. as a result C. for example D. in a sense

29. A. displaying B. describing C. creating D. exchanging

30. A. durable B. exessive C. surplus D. multiple

31. A.sgroupsB. individual C. personnel D. corporation

32. A. consent B. insurance C. admission D. security

33. A. particularly B. barely C. definitely D. rarely

34. A. similiar B. long C. different D. short

35. A. if only B. now that C. so that D. even if

36. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something

37. A. off B. down C. out D. alone

38. A. On the contrary B. On the average C. On the whole D. On the other hand

39. A. making B. standing C. planning D. taking

40. A. capability B. responsibility C. proficiency D. efficiency

Section III Reading Comprehension

Directions: Read the following fore texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANAWER SHEET 1(40 points)

Text 1

Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game ” of espionage-----spying as a “profession.” These days the Net, which has already re-made pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan#39;s vocation as well.

The last revolution isn#39;t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen#39;s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the world wide web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. in 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.

Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www.straitford.com.

Straifford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster#39;s dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine.“ As soon as that report runs, we#39;ll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And we#39;ll hear back from some of them.” Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That #39;sswheresStraitford earns its keep.

Friedman relies on a lean staff in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm#39;s outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford#39;s briefs don#39;t sound like the usual Washington back-and forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.

41. The emergence of the Net has

A. received support from fans like Donovan.

B. remolded the intelligence services.

C. restored many common pastimes.

D. revived spying as a profession.

42.Donovan#39;s story is mentioned in the text to

A. introduce the topic of online spying.

B. show how he fought for the U.S.

C. give an episode of the information war.

D. honor his unique services to the CIA.

43.The phrase“making the biggest splash”(line 1,paragraph 3)most probably means

A. causing the biggest trouble.

B. exerting the greatest effort.

C. achieving the greatest success.

D. enjoying the widest popularity.

44.It can be learned from paragraph 4 that

A. Straitford#39;s prediction about Ukraine has proved true.

B. Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information.

C. Straitford#39;s business is characterized by unpredictability.

D. Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information.

45.Straitford is most proud of its

A. official status.

B. nonconformist image.

C. efficient staff.

D. military background.

Text 2 To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.”One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.

For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied,“Then I would have to say yes.”Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said,“Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.”Such well-meaning people just don#39;s understand.

Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother#39;s hip replacement, a father#39;s bypass operation a baby#39;s vaccinations, and even a pet#39;s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.

Much can be done. Scientists could“adopt”middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.

46.The author begins his article with Edmund Burke#39;s words to

A. call on scientists to take some actions.

B. criticize the misguided cause of animal rights.

C. warn of the doom of biomedical research.

D. show the triumph of the animal rights movement.

47.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is

A. cruel but natural.

B. inhuman and unacceptable.

C. inevitable but vicious.

D. pointless and wasteful.

48.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public#39;s

A. discontent with animal research.

B. ignorance about medical science.

C. indifference to epidemics.

D. anxiety about animal rights.

49.The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should

A. communicate more with the public.

B. employ hi-tech means in research.

C. feel no shame for their cause.

D. strive to develop new cures.

50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is

A. a well-known humanist.

B. a medical practitioner.

C. an enthusiast in animal rights.

D. a supporter of animal research.

Text 3

In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, mergingsintossuper systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995,the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.

Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.

The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government#39;s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.

Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone#39;s cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It#39;s theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.

Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be his with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes. still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the .2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail#39;s net railway operating income in was just million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who#39;s going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.

51.According to those who support mergers railway monopoly is unlikely because

A. cost reduction is based on competition.

B. services call for cross-trade coordination.

C. outside competitors will continue to exist.

D. shippers will have the railway by the throat.

52.What is many captive shippers#39; attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?

A. Indifferent.

B. Supportive.

C. Indignant.

D. Apprehensive.

53.It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that

A. shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.

B. there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.

C. overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.

D. a government board ensures fair play in railway business.

54.The word“arbiters”(line 7,paragraph 4)most probably refers to those

A. who work as coordinators.

B. who function as judges.

C. who supervise transactions.

D. who determine the price.

55.According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by

A. the continuing acquisition.

B. the growing traffic.

C. the cheering Wall Street.

D. the shrinking market.

Text 4 It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional Small wonder. Americans#39; life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minuts surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death-and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.

Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it#39;s useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians-frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient-too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.

In1950, the U.S. spent .7 billion on health care. In , the cost will be billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age-----say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm“have a duty todie and get out of the way”,so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.

I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78,Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53.Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O#39;Connor is in her 70s,and former surgeon general C.Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old,I wish to age as productively as they have.

Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people#39;s lives.

56.What is implied in the first sentence?

A. Americans are better prepared for death than other people.

B. Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.

C. Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.

D. Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.

57.The author uses the example of caner patients to show that

A. medical resources are often wasted.

B. doctors are helpless against fatal diseases.

C. some treatments are too aggressive.

D. medical costs are becoming unaffordable.

58.The author#39;s attitude to ward Richard Lamm#39;s remark is one of

A. strong disapproval.

B. reserved consent.

C. slight contempt.

D. enthusiastic support.

59.In contras to the U.S. ,Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care

A. more flexibly.

B. more extravagantly.

C .more cautiously.

D. more reasonably.

60.The text intends to express the idea that

A medicine will further prolong people#39;s lives.

B. life beyond a certain limit is not worth living.

C. death should be accepted as a fact of life.

D. excessive demands increase the cost of health care.

Part B

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and the translate the underlines segmentssintosChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)

Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.(61)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.

“Anthropology”derives from the Greek words“anthropos”:“human”and logos“the study of.”By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.

Anthropology is one of the social sciences.(62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned(原文如此) manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.

All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.(63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.

Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science.(64)Tylor defined culture as“…that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned. shared, and patterned behavior.

(65)Thus, the anthropological concept of“culture,”like the concept of“set”in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.

Section IV Writing

66.Directions:

1) describe the set of drawings, Interpret its meaning, and

2) point out its implications in our life.

篇3：1990年全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷及答案

1.报名前的准备

报考全国硕士研究生之前, 先选择适合自己的专业、预报考的招生单位, 然后必须查看当年预报考招生单位的招生简章及要求, 自审本人资格, 合格后方可报考本招生单位。同时考生要认真阅读预报考招生单位、报名点以及该报名点所在省级管理部门的网报公告, 以免报名无效。

网报时, 考生须填写的电子邮件地址、本人身份证 (现役军人为“军官证”“文职干部证”或“军队高校学员证”) 号码、往届生须填学历证书编号、普通高校和成人高校应届本科毕业生须注册学号等, 因此报名时先应提前准备网报需要填写或选择的内容, 以免在网报期间由于单个页面停滞时间过长导致报名失败。

全国硕士研究生网报时间一般为10月10日至31日9:00-22:00;现场确认时间一般为11月10日至14日。

2.网报

由教育部高校学生司主管、教育部全国高等学校学生信息咨询与就业中心主办的研究生招生官方网站“中国研究生招生信息网” (网址:http://yz.chsi.com.cn 或http://yz.chsi.cn ) 是目前全国硕士研究生网报指定的唯一网站。

(1) 网上注册

所有考生只有在使用免费注册的用户名和密码登录网站之后才能进行网报。所以网报前首先要登录“中国研究生招生信息网”主页→点击注册→填写用户信息→点击注册, 出现成功注册, 说明注册完成。

(2) 填写 (选择) 报名信息

①进入网报系统

以注册名及密码登录, 或当您初次注册提示你已成功注册后你没关闭网页, 在此页面下等15秒网页会自动以你注册的名字进入网报系统首页。然后点击导向栏中的“网上报名”, 网报系统会出现网报提示, 一般是网上填报信息的时间、注意事项等信息, 点击“开始报名”网上报名 (以下简称网报) 正式开始。

②开始报名

Ⅰ阅读教育部公告、考试承诺书

点击“开始报名”后, 会出现教育部公告, 阅读完毕点击“阅读完毕”后系统会出现“报考硕士研究生考生诚信考试承诺书”阅读完毕点击“同意”进入“选择报考院校以及考试方式”页面。

Ⅱ选择报考院校及考试方式

选择招生单位的省 (市) 会出现所选省 (市) 的省 (市) 招办信息, 点击“阅读完毕”;然后选择“招生单位”时会出现预报考单位的信息, 一般为公告及报名须知。点击“阅读完毕”后再选“考试方式”, 当考试方式选择强军计划、援藏计划、农村师资计划时, 专项计划将自动设为强军计划、援藏计划、农村师资计划;当考试方式选择全国统考、推荐免试、单独考试、MBA联考、法律硕士联考、考生可选择专项谋划为“无”或者“少数民族骨干计划”。

Ⅲ填写个人信息

点击下一步, 进入填写个人信息界面, 包括“考生姓名”、“姓名拼音”、“证件类型”、“证件号码”、“现役军人”、“出生日期”、“考生民族”、“考生性别”、“婚姻状况”、“政治面貌”、“考生通信地址”、“考生通信地址的邮政编码”、“固定电话”、“移动电话”、“电子信箱”、“考生来源”、“取得最后学历的学习形式”、“最后学历”、“毕业证书编号”、“获得最后学历的毕业年月”、“注册学号”、“最后学位”、“学位证书编号”、“毕业学校”、“毕业专业”、“报考类别”、“定向委培单位所在地”、“定向委培单位名称”、“备用信息”、备用信息1——备用信息4、“考生籍贯”、“户口所在地”、“户口所在地详细地址”、“出生地省市”、“现在学习或工作单位”、“考生档案所在地”、“考生档案所在单位名称”、“考生档案所在单位地址”、“考生档案所在单位邮编”、“何时何地何原因受过何奖励”、“家庭主要成员”、“学习工作经历”等信息。

填报以上信息时, 请认真阅读报名页面右侧的提示信息, 准确填报。网报需要填写或选择的内容以及要求, 除明确说明可不填写外, 其他均为必填选项。

Ⅴ选择报考的专业

包括“报考院系所名称”、“报考专业”、“研究方向”、“考试科目”。

Ⅵ选择报名点

选择“报名点所在省市”会出现该省招办信息。选择“报名点”会出现该报名点信息, 点击阅读完毕后, 进入填报信息的校对栏。

Ⅶ校对填报信息

考生可对以上所填的所有信息检查、核对。如填报有误, 可对其进行修改, 如正确, 在英文输入状态下输入黄图片的校验数字, 点击“确认无误”。

Ⅷ完成报名

点击“确认无误”后, 网报系统反馈给考生一个9位数的报名号 (前四位是你所选择的报名点代码, 后五位是编号) , 即表明报名已成功。该报名号需妥善保留, 现场确认时需向报名点提供此号。

网上支付报名费只针对在北京地区报名点报考的考生, 截止到网报结束, 具体交费事宜请查阅北京地区公告。

3.现场确认

现场确认是考生在所选的报名点缴纳报名费、拍照、确认信息等, 进行现场确认是全国硕士报名的最后环节, 也是报名的必须环节, 所有考生只有进行完此环节, 报名才有效。

考生进行现场确认时, 按规定缴纳报名费后需持本人身份证 (应届毕业生还需携带学生证、现役军人为“军官证”、“文职干部证”或“军队高校学员证”) 和报名号, 由报名点工作人员查验, 然后报名点按规定采集考生本人图像信息, 考生按报名点要求确认本人网报信息, 到此, 报名全部结束。

二、报名时应注意的问题

1.用户名和密码

用户名和密码是考生在线咨询、网报、网上调剂、查询报名号等凭证, 考生要牢记。考生注册时, 用户名和密码设置要便于记忆, 最好不要使用相同字符串, 谨防他人篡改考生个人信息。

2.报名点的选择

考生选择报名点时一般应就近选择, 但同时要注意:报考的类型不同, 报名点也不相同。

①参加全国统一考试和参加“法律硕士联考”的考生到各省级管理部门网报公告指定的报名点确认;

②参加单独考试和参加“MBA联考”的考生到报考单位所在地省级高校招生办公室网报公告指定的报名点进行确认报名;

③其他考试方式考生需按照网报公告要求到指定报名点确认。

3.招生单位、考试方式和报名点的选择要慎重

每个注册的用户名, 只能填报一次, 报名成功后将对应一个报名号。报名号生成后, 考生在网报期间还可以修改一些基本信息, 但招生单位、考试方式和报名点等信息不允许修改, 所以考生在填报时选择这三个信息一定要注意。

如果选择错误, 确实需要修改, 那只能重新注册、重新填报, 11月10日-14日在报名点确认交费时, 只要确认新报名号所对应的信息即可 (原有账号所对应的报名号现场不确认则自动作废) 。

4.校验码

推荐免试、强军计划、农村师资计划、少数民族骨干计划等五类考生网报时, 需要校验码, 其中少数民族骨干计划如果选择推荐免试考试类型, 则需要两类校验码, 没有校验码将不能选择相应类别。

不同类别校验码不能混合使用, 当然, 不同考试方式网报校验码的获取方式也不同。推荐免试的校验码是由具有推免资格高校向本校具有推荐免试资格的考生发放;强军计划的校验码由有接收资格的招生单位负责发放;农村师资计划校验码由推荐院校发放给考生;少数民族骨干计划校验码:考生填写规定材料, 到所在省教育厅民族教育处或高等教育处审核盖章, 然后到生源所在省级高校招生办公室研究生招生部门领取校验码, 校验码由生源省级高校招生办公室生成。

5.数字输入、“证件号码”中的出生日期与“出生日期”填写应注意问题

在输入数字或字母时, 为了防止报名失败, 请使用半角输入法输入。“证件号码”中的出生日期需与“出生日期”中的时间一致, 否则往下进行时会出现“身份证号码与出生年月不匹配”的提示, 当你确认没问题时, 虽然不匹配, 但也能继续往下填写。但许多省招办在录取检查时要求上报录取库中考生的身份证号码中出生日期要与出生年月一致, 所以考生必须将身份证号码中的出生日期与“出生年月”填报一致。

6.现场确认———报名的必须环节

现场确认很必要, 也很重要。往年总有些考生特别是推荐免试考生, 他们虽然在网上报了名, 但却未现场确认, 导致未能被录取。确认信息时, 考生一定要仔细核对自己网报的所有信息, 特别是考试科目。

7.其他注意事项

预报名主要针对在校的应届毕业生, 正式报名则是所有的考生。预报名与正式报名同样有效, 不需要重复填报;已被招生单位接收的推荐免试生, 不得再报名参加统考, 否则将取消推荐免试生资格, 列为统考生;在选择招生单位或报名点所在省市、招生单位及报名点过程中弹出的重要公告消息, 请务必阅读;输入姓名时要输入真实汉语名字, 汉字与汉字中间不可有空格, 输入法中无法找到的汉字, 可用“?”代替, 一个“?”代替一个汉字。少数民族考生名字中的点是在英文状态下输入的小数点 (2) 。

如何修改报名信息呢?在网报期间, 考生可凭用户名、密码、校验码进入系统后点击“修改已填报信息”即可。

考生如将密码丢失, 可在主页点击“找回密码”后输入用户名, 客服中心会将考生的密码发到考生填报信息时所填的电子信箱中, 从而使考生找到密码。

通讯地址为考生接收准考证、复试通知书和录取通知书的有效地址;固定电话、移动电话是招生单位与考生联系的最快捷的方式, 电子信箱是考生忘记密码时客服中心给考生发密码的场所, 所以考生填写网报信息时必须准确。

摘要：一年一度的全国硕士研究生招生考试报名又将开始了, 如何在最短的时间准确、有效的进行网报, 最终成功报名成为每年9-11月份的热门话题。本文阐述了研究生网报流程及注册、网报、现场确认等应注意的问题, 为考研报名者提供帮助。

关键词：全国硕士研究生,报名,流程,注意问题

参考文献

①陆国平, 张晓涛, 江莹.硕士研究生招生网报的思考和设想[J].学位与研究生教育, 2004, (2) 38-41.

篇4：1990年全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷及答案

1.专有出版权

2.重版率

3.直接成本

4.出版物标识

二、简答题（每小题15分，共60分）

1.中国近代颁布了哪些著作权法？各有什么特点？

2.简述选题策划的主要内容。

3.图书质量检查的范围包括哪些？

4.简述大数据对出版业的影响。

三、写作（711分）

阅读以下材料后，请以此为启发，写一篇文章。

GoPro CEO Nick Woodman：

我们是一家内容生产公司

11月12日，201 5年腾讯网媒体高峰论坛在北京举行。Re/code执行主编Kara Swisher和GoPro CEO Nick Woodman就中国市场、内容战略、媒体发展等话题进行了交流。GoPro是全球知名运动拍摄设备品牌，也是一个分享平台和内容生产平台。以下是对话的部分内容：

Nick Woodman：GoPro是一个全球化公司，做内容是我们的第一大战略。我们之所以能在全球有这么快的扩张速度，是因为我们的受众非常欣赏我们的内容。我们在中国市场增长飞快，也是得益于我们的内容。我们是一家内容生产公司。

Kara Swisher：跟大家说一下你的内容战略，因为这是你的核心，你并不只是卖设备。

Nick Woodman：对，我们就是一个内容公司，内容是我们的核心，硬件只是辅助。我们要确保我们的大量投入是在软件开发当中，这些软件不仅仅是去捕捉内容，还要把内容放到云端，让用户的手机能够去接入、分享，所以GoProS～是以硬件为中心去开展业务的。

Kara Swisher：你如何看待你们所创建的内容呢？

Nick Woodman：我们要推动人们去追寻自己的激情。比如我们去推动大家旅行，让他们通过GoPro编纂他们的游记，跟大家分享。我们会一直给他们一些奖励，比如500美元一张照片，1000美元一个视频。这样的话，他们一直获得GoPro的一些报酬，他们会成为专业的旅行者，他们一直是在路上创造内容。

有人认为，“现在、未来引领媒体发展的，不可能是传统意义上的媒体。”作为编辑出版专业的考生，你怎么看？请自拟标题，写一篇1200字左右的文章。要求观点鲜明，主题明确。

参考答案：

一、名词解释（每个名词5分，共20分）

1.专有出版权：专有出版权是出版者通过与著作权人签订合同而取得的出版该作品的专有权利，依法受到保护。侵犯专有出版权的行为人在必须承担民事责任之外，常常还必须承担行政责任，甚至刑事责任。

2.重版率：重印书及再版书在出版社出书品种中的比率，是出版社选题水平的重要标志。

3.直接成本：直接成本指可以分清为哪种产品消耗、直接反映某一出版物品种生产过程的各项支出。直接成本包括稿酬、校对费、租型费、原材料及辅助材料费用、制版费用、印装费用、出版损失和其他直接费用等。

4.出版物标识：主要包括中国标准书号、中国标准连续出版物号。中国标准书号由不同长度的5段共13位阿拉伯数字组成，段之间以短线隔开，前面冠以ISBN作为标识符。中国标准连续出版物号是报纸、期刊、年鉴和连续型电子出版物等连续出版物的标准化识别代码，又称“刊号”。

二、简答题（每小题15分，共60分）

1.中国近代颁布了哪些著作权法？各有什么特点？

《大清著作权律》《中华民国著作权法》。中国近代的著作权保护，在没有立法建制前，主要沿用宋代以来的老办法——由地方政府颁布著作权保护告示。19世纪起，随着西学东渐的深入，西方的著作权法律观念渐渐传入中国。1910年，《大清著作权律》颁布，这是中国历史上第一部著作权保护法律。1915年，北洋政府颁布了《中华民国著作权法》，共5章45条，很多内容和条文是对《大清著作权律》的沿用和变通。1928年，南京国民政府对其进行了修订，在著作权内容、登记注册生效制度、外国人作品保护等方面做了一些补充。

评分标准：回答出《大清著作权律》《中华民国著作权法》给5分，对其特点进行分析占10分。

2.简述选题策划的主要内容。

主要包括三方面：一、出版物内容和形式的设计；二、出版物的营销方案设计；三、选题的实施方案设计。选题的内容和形式包括读者对象、主体与名称、体裁和篇幅、开本、装订形式等；营销方案包括市场分析、市场预测、营销策略等；实施方案包括作者选择、进度控制等。

评分标准：共有3部分主要内容，各占5分，

3.图书质量检查的范围包括哪些？

图书质量包括内容、编校、设计、印制四项，分为合格、不合格两个等级。内容、编校、设计、印制四项均合格的图书，其质量属合格。内容、编校、设计、印制中有一项不合格的图书，其质量属不合格。

评分标准：四项中有一项回答不出来或不知道其主要内容，扣3-4分。

4.简述大数据对出版业的影响。

大数据对于出版业生产经营而言将有前所未有的帮助：①帮助出版社优化产品研发和生产的过程。对图书产品研发和生产过程中产生的所有数据进行收集分析，把研发和生产过程进行放大观察，从中提炼规律并加以利用。②帮助出版社做好精准策划和精准营销。电商平台和数据智能分析技术可以使得对个人和群体的实时观察成为可能，为预测群体行为和了解个体偏好提供强有力的工具，从而实现精确策划和精准营销。③帮助出版社做好用户体验和产品效果的评估。通过大数据的收集与分析，出版社不仅能统计图书的销售，还能绘制出“读者图谱”，包括用户的年龄、收入和地理位置等，以增强对用户体验与产品效果的了解。

出版业也将面临严峻挑战：①大数据收集渠道不畅。高度信息化的环境是收集海量数据的基础，但目前出版大环境中数据的收集渠道仍存在一些问题。②大数据高效分析能力与人才均欠缺。实现大数据的高效分析，不仅需要由大量新兴技术组成的高性能的专业的分析技术架构解决方案，还需要高效分析能力和数据分析人才，而这些资源在出版领域仍然比较匮乏。③决策习惯的改变仍需时日。出版业的经营管理方式通常是建立在经验或者传统数据粗糙的分析基础上的，要改变各层次决策者旧有的决策习惯，使其学会利用大数据的分析结果进行决策，仍需一个相当漫长的过程。

评分标准：本题答案相对开放，考生若有独特见解，可给高分。

三、写作（70分）

评分标准：开放式答案，可从多种角度进行回答。要求言之成理，逻辑清晰，表述准确，有独到见解。基本要点表述清楚得分60%；逻辑清楚、论据充分得分80%-90%；语言流畅可以加分；就某—方面有突出论述，或观点新颖，可以加分，或得高分。

篇5：1990年全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷及答案

1. The board deemed it urgent that these files ____ right away.

A. had to be printed B. should have been printed

C. must be printed D. should be printed

2. The local health organization is reported ____ twenty-five years ago when Dr. Audon became its first president.

A. to be set up B. being set up

C. to have been set up D. having been set up

3. The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers _____ for.

A. be demonstrating B. demonstrate

C. had been demonstrating D. have demonstrated

4. Ted had told me that he always escapes ____ as he has got a very fast sport car.

A. to fine B. to be fined

C. being fined D. having been fined

5. More than one third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, _____ in San Francisco.

A. previously B. predominantly

C. practically D. permanently

6. Prof. Lee`s book will show you ___ can be used in other contexts.

A. that you have observed B. that how you have observed

C. how that you have observed D. how what you have obs4erved

7. All fights ______ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.

A. were canceled B. had been canceled

C. having canceled D. having been canceled

8. The new secretary has written a remarkably ____ report only in a few pages but with all the details.

A. concise B. clear C. precise D. elaborate

9. With prices ___ so much, it`s hard for the company to plan a budget.

A. fluctuating B. waving C. swinging D. vibrating

10. Expert say walking is one of the best ways for a person to ___ healthy.

A. preserve B. stay C. maintain D. reserve

11. Expected noises are usually more ___ than unexpected ones of the like magnitude.

A. manageable B. controllable C. tolerable D. perceivable

12. It isn`t so much whether he works hard; the question is whether he works ___.

A. above all B. in all C. at all D. after all

13. There is an incorrect assumption among scientists and medical people that everyone agrees ___ what constitutes a benefit to an individual.

A. on B. with C. to D. in

14. All the information we have collected in relation to that case ______ very little.

A. makes up for B. adds up to C. comes up with D. puts up with

15. A really powerful speaker can ____ the feelings of the audience to the fever of excitement.

A. work out B. work over C. work at D. work up

16. Before the students set off, they spent much time setting a limit ____ the expenses of the trip.

A. to B. about C. in D. for

17. According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes form the ______ of maturity.

A. fulfillment B. achievement C. establishment D. accomplishment

18. From the tears in Nedra`s eyes we can deduce that something sad ____.

A. must have occurred B. would have occurred

C. might be occurring D. should occur

19. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting ____ you don`t mind taking the night train.

A. provided B. unless C. though D. until

20. Hardly a month goes by without ___ of another survey revealing new depths of scientific among U.S. citizens.

A. words B. a word C. the word D. word

21. If you ____ Jerry Brown until recently, you`d think the photograph on the right was strange.

A. shouldn`t contact B. didn`t contact

C. weren`t to contact D. hadn`t contacted

22. Some teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society, which ____ them the rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.

A. deprives B. restricts C. rejects D. denies

23. I must go now. ___ , if you want that book I`ll bring it next time.

A. Incidentally B. Accidentally C. Occasionally D. Subsequently

24. There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, _____ they can limit how much water you drink.

A. much more than B. no more than C. no less than D. any more than

25. Though ___ in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record , the plain facts of small-town life.

A. raised B. grown C. developed D. cultivated

26. Most electronic devices of this kind, ____ manufactured for such purposes , are tightly packed.

A. that are B. as are C. which is D. it is

27. As for the winter, it is inconvenient to be cold, with most of ___ furnace fuel is allowed saved for the dawn.

A. what B. that C. which D. such

28. Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious ____ without scientific basic.

A. process B. practice C. procedure D. program

29. We cannot always ____ the wind, so new windmills should be so designed that they can also be driven by water.

A. hang on B. count on C, hold on D. come on

30. The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause ____ of vegetables in the coming days.

A. rarity B. scarcity C. invalidity D. variety

Ⅱ. Each of the passages below is followed by some quetions. For each question there are four

answers marked A,B,C, and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the answer to each of

the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding

letter in the brackets. (30 points)

????????????????????????????????? 1

???Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life

can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick Ⅱ in the thir-

teenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no

mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.

???All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language

here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life

especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.

???Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children

are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to

the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive

periods are neglected , the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so

easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and

hard once the critical stage has passed.

???Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but

there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventuaLly turns out to be of high IQ.

At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak sim-

ple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to

fifty words. At three he knows about l ,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four

his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.

???Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special

about man`s brain, compared with that of the monkey, if the complex system which enables a

child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattem “toy-bear” . And

even more incredible is the young brain` s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture

of sound around him, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.

???But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the

child , where the mother recognizes the signals in the child` s babbling ( 咿呀学语) , grasping and

smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction

because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the

篇6：1990年全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷及答案

Part One:

l . Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic

recovery __ just around the corner was untrue.

[A]wouLd be [B]to be [C]was [D]being

2. Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills __ people each year than automo-

bile accidents.

[A]seven more times [B]seven times more [C]over seven times [D]seven times

3. It` s easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague

changes __ place in our ever-changing world.

[A] taking [B]to take [C]take [D]taken

4. This is an exciting area of study, and one __ which new applications are being discov-

ered almost daily.

[A] from [B]by [C] in [D] through

5 . __ can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active

participation of the patient in the modification of his condition.

[A]As [B]What [C]That [D] It

6. Although I had been invited to the opening ceremony , I was unable to attend __ such

short notice.

[A]to [B]in [C]with [D]on

7. California has more light than it knows __ to do with but everything else is expensive.

[A] how [ B] what [ C] which [D] where

8. The solution works only for couples who are self-employed, don` t have small children and get

along __ to spend most of their time together.

[A]so well [B]too well [C]well as [D]well enough

9. Marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about __ compliments to his

political leaders .

[A]paying [B]having paid [C]to pay [D] to have paid

10. These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital informa-

tion than __ in traditional media.

[A]exist [B]exists [ C]existing [D]to exist

11. Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a makeup examination

??????????????[A]

had you gone and explained that your parents had been ill at the time.

?? [B]??????[C]???????????? [D]

12. As the children become financially independent of the family, the emphasis on family fi-

???????????????[A]?????????[B]???????????? [C]

nancial security will shift from protection to save for the retirement years.

??????????????????????? [D]

13. Were the Times Co. to purchase another major media company, there is no doubt that it

??[A]

could dramatically transform a family-ran enterprise that still gets 90% of its revenues

?[B]???????????????[C]???????????????????[D]

from newspapers .

14. Symposium talks will cover a wide range of subjects from overfishing to physical and

????????????????? [A]?????????[B]

environment factors that affect the populations of different species.

? [C]????????????????? [D]

15 . Convenation calls for a willingness to alternate the role of speaker with one of listener , and

?????????????[A]?????????????????????????[B]??? [C]

it calls for occasional ` digestive pauses` by both.

????????????????????? [D]

16. If two theories are equal to their ability to account for a body of data, the theory that

???????????????[A]???????????? [B]

does so with the smaller nomber of assumptions is to be preferred.

? [c]????????????????????????? [D]

17. The Committee adopted a resolution requiring the seven automakers selling the most cars in

?????????????????????[A]????????????? [B]

the state making 2 percent of those vehicles emissions-free by .

?????[C]?????????????????? [D]

18. As long as poor people, who in general are colored, are in conflict with richer people, who in

??? [A]?????????????????????????????[B]

general are lighter skin, there` s going to be a constant racial conflict in the world.

???????[C]? [D]

19 . All those left undone may sound greatly in theory, but even the trust believer has great dif-

??????????[A]????????[B]????????????????? [C]

ficulty when it comes to specifics.

???? [D]

20 . Even if automakers modify commercially produced cars to run on alternative fuels, the cars

??? [A]??????????????????????????? [B]?????? [C]

won` t catch on in a big way when drivers can fill them up at the gas station.

???????????????[D]

21 . An important property of a scientific theory is its ability to ___ further research and fur-

ther thinking about a particular topic.

[ A] stimulate [ B] renovate [ C] arouse [ D] advocate

22 . Although architecture has artistic qualities, it must also satisfy a number of important practi-

cal __.

[ A] obligations [B] regulations [ C ] observations [ D] considerations

23 . Life insurance is financial protection for dependents against loss __ the bread-winner` s

death .

[A]at the cost of [B]on the verge of [C]as a result of [D]for the sake of

24. In education there should be a good __ among the branches of knowledge that con-

tribute to effective thinking and wise judgment .

[ A] distribution [ B] balance [ C] combination [ D] assignment

25 . The American dream is most __ during the periods of productivity and wealth generat-

ed by American capitalism.

[A] plausible [B] patriotic [ C] primitive [D] partial

26 . Poverty is not __ in most cities although, perhaps because of the crowded conditions in

certain areas, it is more visible there.

[ A] rare [ B] temporary [ C] prevalent [ D] segmental

27. People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in __ popu-

lated areas.

[A] densely [ B] intensely [ C] abundantly [D] highly

28. As a way of __ the mails while they were away, the Johnsons asked the cleaning lady

to send little printed slips asking the senders to write again later.

[A]picking up [B]coping with [C]passing out [D]getting across

29 . Tom` s mother tried hard to persuade him to __ from his intention to invest his savings

in stock market .

[A]pull out [B]give up [C]draw in [D]back down

30. An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advanced medical

__ , will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology.

[ A] interference [ B] interruption [ C] intervention [ D] interaction

31 . These causes produced the great change in the country that modernized the __ of high-

er education from the mid-1860`s to the mid-1880`s.

[ A] branch [ B]category t C] domain [D] scope

32 . Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the __ in the financial system will drag

down the economy.

[ A] shallowness [ B] shakiness [ C] scantiness [ D] stiffness

33 . Crisis would be the right term to describe the __ in many animal species. .

[ A] minimization [ B] restriction [ C] descent [ D] decline

34 . The city is an important railroad __ and industrial and convention center.

[A] conjunction [ B] network [ C]junction [D] link

35. Prof. White, my respected tutor, frequently reminds me to __ myself of every chance

to improve my English.

[ A] assure [ B] inform [ C] avail [D] notify

36. Researchers discovered that plants infected with a virus give off a gas that __ disease

resistance in neighboring plants.

[ A.] contracts [ B] activates [ C] maintains [ D] prescribe

37 . Corporations and labor unions have __ great benefits upon their employees and mem-

bers as well as upon the general pubtic.

[A] conferred [ B]granted [ C] flung [D] submitted

38. The movement of the moon conveniently provided the unit of month, which was __

from one new moon to the next.