奥巴马开学演讲文稿

奥巴马开学演讲文稿（精选6篇）

篇1：奥巴马开学演讲文稿

演讲文稿:奥巴马在民主党代表大会接受总统提名的演讲

Remarks of President Barack Obama at the 2012 Democratic National Convention

Charlotte, N.C.September 5, 2012

Thank you!Thank you.Thank you.Thank you so much.Thank you.Thank you very much, everybody.Thank you.Michelle, I love you.A few night nights ago, everyone was reminded just what a lucky man I am.Malia and Sasha, we are so proud of you.And yes, you do have to go to school in the morning.And Joe Biden, thank you for being the best Vice President I could have ever hope for, and being a strong and loyal friend.Madam Chairwoman, delegates, I accept your nomination for President of the United States.Now, the first time I addressed this convention in 2004, I was a younger man;a Senate candidate from Illinois who spoke about hope, not blind optimism or wishful thinking, but hope in the face of difficulty;hope in the face of uncertainty;that dogged faith in the future which has pushed this nation forward, even when the odds are great;even when the road is long.Eight years later, that hope has been tested, by the cost of war;by one of the worst economic crises in history;and by political gridlock that’s left us wondering whether it’s still even possible to tackle the challenges of our time.I know campaigns can seem small, and even silly sometimes.Trivial things become big distractions.Serious issues become sound bites.The truth gets buried under an avalanche of money and advertising.If you’re sick of hearing me approve this message, believe me, so am I.But when all is said and done, when you pick up that ballot to vote, you will face the clearest choice of any time in a generation.Over the next few years, big decisions will be made in Washington, on jobs, the economy;taxes and deficits;energy, education;war and peace, decisions that will have a huge impact on our lives and our children’s lives for decades to come.And on every issue, the choice you face won’t be just between two candidates or two parties.It will be a choice between two different paths for America.A choice between two fundamentally different visions for the future.Ours is a fight to restore the values that built the largest middle class and the strongest economy the world has ever known.The values my grandfather defended as a soldier in Patton’s Army;the values that drove my grandmother to work on a bomber assembly line while he was gone.They knew they were part of something larger, a nation that triumphed over fascism and depression;a nation where the most innovative businesses turned out the world’s best products, and everyone shared in that pride and success, from the corner office to the factory floor.My grandparents were given the chance to go to college, buy their own--their--their own home, and fulfill the basic bargain at the heart of America’s story: the promise that hard work will pay off;that responsibility will be rewarded;that everyone gets a fair shot, and everyone does their fair share, and everyone plays by the same rules, from Main Street to Wall Street to Washington, D.C.And I ran for President because I saw that basic bargain slipping away.I began my career helping people in the shadow of a shuttered steel mill, at a time when too many good jobs were starting to move overseas.And by 2008, we had seen nearly a decade in which families struggled with costs that kept rising, but paychecks that didn’t;folks racking up more and more debt just to make the mortgage or pay tuition;put gas in the car or food on the table.And when the house of cards collapsed in the Great Recession, millions of innocent Americans lost their jobs, their homes, their life savings, a tragedy from which we are still fighting to recover.Now, our friends down in Tampa, at the Republican convention, were more than happy to talk about everything they think is wrong with America, but they didn’t have much to say about how they’d make it right.They want your vote, but they don’t want you to know their plan.And that’s because all they had to offer is the same prescription they’ve had for the last thirty years:

“Have a surplus? Try a tax cut.”

“Deficit too high? Try another.”

“Feel a cold coming on? Take two tax cuts, roll back some regulations, and call us in the morning.”

Now, I’ve cut taxes for those who need it, middle-class families, small businesses.But I don’t believe that another round of tax breaks for millionaires will bring good jobs to our shores, or pay down our deficit.I don’t believe that firing teachers or kicking students off financial aid will grow the economy, or help us compete with the scientists and engineers coming out of China.After all that we’ve been through, I don’t believe that rolling back regulations on Wall Street will help the small businesswoman expand, or the laid-off construction worker keep his home.We have been there, we’ve tried that, and we’re not going back.We are moving forward, America.I won’t pretend the path I’m offering is quick or easy.I never have.You didn’t elect me to tell you what you wanted to hear.You elected me to tell you the truth.And the truth is, it will take more than a few years for us to solve challenges that have built up over decades.It’ll require common effort, shared responsibility, and the kind of bold, persistent experimentation that Franklin Roosevelt pursued during the only crisis worse than this one.And by the way, those of us who carry on his party’s legacy should remember that not every problem can be remedied with another government program or dictate from Washington.But know this, America: Our problems can be solved.Our challenges can be met.The path we offer may be harder, but it leads to a better place.And I’m asking you to choose that future.I’m asking you to rally around a set of goals for your country, goals in manufacturing, energy, education, national security, and the deficit;real, achievable plans that will lead to new jobs, more opportunity, and rebuild this economy on a stronger foundation.That’s what we can do in the next four years, and that’s why I’m running for a second term as President of the United States.We can choose a future where we export more products and outsource fewer jobs.After a decade that was defined by what we bought and borrowed, we’re getting back to basics, and doing what America has always done best:

We’re making things again.I’ve met workers in Detroit and Toledo who feared they’d never build another American car.And today, they can’t build them fast enough, because we reinvented a dying auto industry that’s back on top of the world.I’ve worked with business leaders who are bringing jobs back to America, not because our workers make less pay, but because we make better products.Because we work harder and smarter than anyone else.I’ve signed trade agreements that are helping our companies sell more goods to millions of new customers, goods that are stamped with three proud words: Made in America.After a decade of decline, this country created over half a million manufacturing jobs in the last two and a half years.And now you have a choice: we can give more tax breaks to corporations that ship jobs overseas, or we can start rewarding companies that open new plants and train new workers and create new jobs here, in the United States of America.We can help big factories and small businesses double their exports, and if we choose this path, we can create a million new manufacturing jobs in the next four years.You can make that happen.You can choose that future.You can choose the path where we control more of our own energy.After thirty years of inaction, we raised fuel standards so that by the middle of the next decade, cars and trucks will go twice as far on a gallon of gas.We’ve doubled our use of renewable energy, and thousands of Americans have jobs today building wind turbines, and long-lasting batteries.In the last year alone, we cut oil imports by one million barrels a day, more than any administration in recent history.And today, the United States of America is less dependent on foreign oil than at any time in the last two decades.So, now you have a choice-between a strategy that reverses this progress, or one that builds on it.We’ve opened millions of new acres for oil and gas exploration in the last three years, and we’ll open more.But unlike my opponent, I will not let oil companies write this country’s energy plan, or endanger our coastlines, or collect another $4 billion in corporate welfare from our taxpayers.We’re offering a better path.We’re offering a better path, a future where we keep investing in wind and solar and clean coal;where farmers and scientists harness new biofuels to power our cars and trucks;where construction workers build homes and factories that waste less energy;where--where we develop a hundred year supply of natural gas that’s right beneath our feet.If you choose this path, we can cut our oil imports in half by 2020 and support more than 600,000 new jobs in natural gas alone.And yes, my plan will continue to reduce the carbon pollution that is heating our planet because climate change is not a hoax.More droughts and floods and wildfires are not a joke.They’re a threat to our children’s future.And in this election, you can do something about it.You can choose a future where more Americans have the chance to gain the skills they need to compete, no matter how old they are or how much money they have.Education was the gateway to opportunity for me.It was the gateway for Michelle.It was the gateway for most of you.And now more than ever, it is the gateway to a middle-class life.For the first time in a generation, nearly every state has answered our call to raise their standards for teaching and learning.Some of the worst schools in the country have made real gains in math and reading.Millions of students are paying less for college today because we finally took on a system that wasted billions of taxpayer dollars on banks and lenders.And now you have a choice.We can gut education, or we can decide that in the United States of America, no child should have her dreams deferred because of a crowded classroom or a crumbling school.No family should have to set aside a college acceptance letter because they don’t have the money.No company should have to look for workers overseas because they couldn’t find any with the right skills here at home.That’s not our future.That is not our future.A government has a role in this.But teachers must inspire;principals must lead;parents must instill a thirst for learning, and students, you’ve gotta do the work.And together, I promise you, we can out-educate and out-compete any nation on Earth.Help me recruit 100,000 math and science teachers within ten years, and improve early childhood education.Help give two million workers the chance to learn skills at their community college that will lead directly to a job.Help us work with colleges and universities to cut in half the growth of tuition costs over the next ten years.We can meet that goal together.You can choose that future for America.That’s our future.You know, in a world of new threats and new challenges, you can choose leadership that has been tested and proven.Four years ago, I promised to end the war in Iraq.We did.I promised to refocus on the terrorists who actually attacked us on 9/11.And we have.We’ve blunted the Taliban’s momentum in Afghanistan, and in 2014, our longest war will be over.A new tower rises above the New York skyline, Al Qaeda is on the path to defeat, and Osama Bin Laden is dead.And tonight, we pay tribute to the Americans who still serve in harm’s way.We are forever in debt to a generation whose sacrifice has made this country safer and more respected.We will never forget you.And so long as I’m Commander-in-Chief, we will sustain the strongest military the world has ever known.When you take off the uniform, we will serve you as well as you’ve served us because no one who fights for this country should have to fight for a job, or a roof over their head, or the care that they need when they come home.Around the world, we’ve strengthened old alliances and forged new coalitions to stop the spread of nuclear weapons.We’ve reasserted our power across the Pacific, and stood up to China on behalf of our workers.From Burma to Libya to South Sudan, we have advanced the rights and dignity of all human beings, men and women;Christians and Muslims and Jews.But for all the progress we’ve made, challenges remain.Terrorist plots must be disrupted.Europe’s crisis must be contained.Our commitment to Israel’s security must not waver, and neither must our pursuit of peace.The Iranian government must face a world that stays united against its nuclear ambitions.The historic change sweeping across the Arab World must be defined not by the iron fist of a dictator or the hate of extremists, but by the hopes and aspirations of ordinary people who are reaching for the same rights that we celebrate here today.So now we face a choice.My opponent and his running mate are new to foreign policy，but from all that we’ve seen and heard, they want to take us back to an era of blustering and blundering that cost America so dearly.After all, you don’t call Russia our number one enemy, not Al Qaeda, Russia, unless you’re still stuck in a Cold War mind warp.You might not be ready for diplomacy with Beijing if you can’t visit the Olympics without insulting our closest ally.My opponent--my opponent said it was “tragic” to end the war in Iraq, and he won’t tell us how he’ll end the war in Afghanistan.Well I have, and I will.And while my opponent would spend more money on military hardware that our Joint Chiefs don’t even want, I will use the money we’re no longer spending on war to pay down our debt and put more people back to work rebuilding roads and bridges and schools and runways.Because after two wars that have cost us thousands of lives and over a trillion dollars, it’s time to do some nation-building right here at home.You can choose a future where we reduce our deficit without sticking it to the middle class.Independent experts say that my plan would cut our deficits by $4 trillion.And last summer, I worked with Republicans in Congress to cut billion in spending because those of us who believe government can be a force for good should work harder than anyone to reform it, so that it’s leaner, and more efficient, and more responsive to the American people.I want to reform the tax code so that it’s simple, fair, and asks the wealthiest households to pay higher taxes on incomes over $250,000, the same rate we had when Bill Clinton was president;the same rate we had when our economy created nearly 23 million new jobs, the biggest surplus in history, and a whole lot of millionaires to boot.Now, I’m still eager to reach an agreement based on the principles of my bipartisan debt commission.No party has a monopoly on wisdom.No democracy works without compromise.I want to get this done, and we can get it done.But when Governor Romney

and his friends in Congress tell us we can somehow lower our deficits by spending trillions more on new tax breaks for the wealthy, well, what’d Bill Clinton call it? You do the arithmetic, you do the math.I refuse to go along with that.And as long as I’m President, I never will.I refuse to ask middle class families to give up their deductions for owning a home or raising their kids just to pay for another millionaire’s tax cut.I refuse to ask students to pay more for college;or kick children out of Head Start programs, to eliminate health insurance for millions of Americans who are poor, and elderly, or disabled, all so those with the most can pay less.I’m not going along with that.And I will--I will never turn Medicare into a voucher.No American should ever have to spend their golden years at the mercy of insurance companies.They should retire with the care and the dignity they have earned.Yes, we will reform and strengthen Medicare for the long haul, but we’ll do it by reducing the cost of health care, not by asking seniors to pay thousands of dollars more.And we will keep the promise of Social Security by taking the responsible steps to strengthen it, not by turning it over to Wall Street.This is the choice we now face.This is what the election comes down to.Over and over, we have been told by our opponents that bigger tax cuts and fewer regulations are the only way;that since government can’t do everything, it should do almost nothing.

篇2：奥巴马开学演讲文稿

3月22日上午，美国第一夫人米歇尔造访北京大学，并接受北大校长赠书。之后，米歇尔在北大斯坦福中心以“读万卷书不如行万里路”为主题的演讲。在米歇尔的演讲中，“留学”成为关键词。她化用中国古语“读万卷书，不如行万里路”，并结合自身经历现身说法，希望让更多青年人拥有留学的机会。以下为米歇尔演讲的双语全文： MRS.OBAMA:(Applause.)Thank you.Well, ni-hao.(Laughter.)It is such a pleasure and an honor to be here with all of you at this great university, so thank you so much for having me.谢谢。你好。很高兴也很荣幸来到这里，在这所伟大的大学和你们共聚一堂。非常感谢你们邀请我。

Now, before I get started today, on behalf of myself and my husband, I just want to say a few very brief words about Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.As my husband has said, the United States is offering as many resources as possible to assist in the search.And please know that we are keeping all of the families and loved ones of those on this flight in our thoughts and prayers at this very difficult time.在我今天开始之前，代表我自己和我的丈夫，我想就马来西亚航空公司的MH370航班简短说两句。如我丈夫所说，美国正提供尽可能多的资源协助搜寻工作。请相信，在这个非常艰难的时刻，我们的心和航班上人员的家属和亲人在一起，我们为他们祈祷。Now with that, I want to start by recognizing our new Ambassador to China, Ambassador Baucus.President Wang;Chairman Zhu;Vice President Li;Director Cueller;Professor Oi, and the Stanford Center;President Sexton from New York University, which is an excellent study abroad program in Shanghai;and John Thornton, Director of the Global Leadership Program at Tsinghua University.Thank you all for joining us.现在，我们首先来认识一下美国新任驻华大使——博卡斯大使。王校长、朱主席、李副校长、Cuelluer主任、Jean Oi教授和斯坦福中心，纽约大学的塞克顿斯校长（该校在上海开设了一个优秀的海外留学项目），以及清华大学全球领袖项目主任约翰•桑顿，由衷地感谢大家的到来。

But most of all, I want to thank all of the students who are here today.And I particularly want to thank Eric Schaefer and Zhu Xuanhao for that extraordinary English and Chinese introduction.That was a powerful symbol of everything that I want to talk with you about today.最重要的是，我要感谢今天所有到场的学生们......我要特别感谢埃里克•谢弗和朱宣皓的精彩英文和中文介绍。这绝佳地诠释了我今天要和大家聊的全部话题。

See, by learning each other’s languages, and by showing such curiosity and respect for each other’s cultures, Mr.Schafer and Ms.Zhu and all of you are building bridges of understanding that will lead to so much more.And I’m here today because I know that our future depends on connections like these among young people like you across the globe.你们看，通过学习彼此的语言，通过展现对彼此文化的好奇心和尊重，谢弗先生、朱女士以及你们大家正在搭建理解的桥梁，这些桥梁带来更多的丰硕成果。我今天来到你们这里是因为我知道，我们的未来取决于全球像你们这样年轻人间的这样的联系。

That’s why when my husband and I travel abroad, we don’t just visit palaces and parliaments and meet with heads of state.We also come to schools like this one to meet with students like you, because we believe that relationships between nations aren’t just about relationships between governments or leaders--they’re about relationships between people, particularly young people.So we view study abroad programs not just as an educational opportunity for students, but also as a vital part of America’s foreign policy.这也是为什么我们夫妇在国外访问时，不只参观宫殿、议会和会晤国家元首。我们也来到学校，与像你们一样的学生见面。因为我们相信，国与国之间的关系不只是政府或领导人之间的关系，它们是人民间―特别是年轻人之间的关系。因此，我们认为海外留学项目不只是为学生提供的教育机会，还是美国外交政策至关重要的组成部分。Through the wonders of modern technology, our world is more connected than ever before.Ideas can cross oceans with the click of a button.Companies can do business and compete with companies across the globe.And we can text, email, Skype with people on every continent.通过现代技术奇迹，我们的世界比以往任何时候都更多地联系在一起。思想可以通过点击按钮跨越海洋。全球各地的公司可以进行业务往来和相互竟争。我们可以与各大洲的人们通过短信、电子邮件和Skype进行沟通。

So studying abroad isn’t just a fun way to spend a semester;it is quickly becoming the key to success in our global economy.Because getting ahead in today’s workplaces isn’t just about getting good grades or test scores in school, which are important.It’s also about having real experience with the world beyond your borders –-experience with languages, cultures and societies very different from your own.Or, as the Chinese saying goes: ―It is better to travel ten thousand miles than to read ten thousand books.‖

因此，出国留学不只是以开心的方式度过一个学期——它正迅速成为全球化经济中取得成功的关键。因为要走在当今职场的前沿，只在学校里取得好成绩是不够的，还应拥有国境外的真实体验：体验完全不同的语言、文化和社会。正如中国的一句古话所说：―读万卷书，不如行万里路。‖

But let’s be clear, studying abroad is about so much more than improving your own future.It’s also about shaping the future of your countries and of the world we all share.Because when it comes to the defining challenges of our time-– whether it’s climate change or economic opportunity or the spread of nuclear weapons--these are shared challenges.And no one country can confront them alone.The only way forward is together.我想要说的是，出国留学绝不仅是改善你们自己的未来，它也关乎塑造你们的国家、关乎我们共有的世界的未来。因为我们这个时代的决定性挑战一一无论是气侯变化、经济机遇，还是核武器扩散一一这些都是我们共同的挑战。没有任何一个国家能够单独应对它们……唯一的出路就是共同携手。

That’s why it is so important for young people like you to live and study in each other’s countries, because that’s how you develop that habit of cooperation.You do it by immersing yourself in one another’s culture, by learning each other’s stories, by getting past the stereotypes and misconceptions that too often divide us.这就是为什么年轻人到彼此国家学习和生活是如此重要。因为这是你们培养合作习惯的途径一一你们通过融入不同的文化，通过了解彼此的故事，通过跨越常常隔膜我们的成见和误解，来做到这一点。That’s how you come to understand how much we all share.That’s how you realize that we all have a stake in each other’s success--that cures discovered here in Beijing could save lives in America, that clean energy technologies from Silicon Valley in California could improve the environment here in China, that the architecture of an ancient temple in Xi’an could inspire the design of new buildings in Dallas or Detroit.这是你们了解到我们共享多少东西的途径。这是你们认识到我们的成功惠及彼此的途径。在北京发现的治序方法可以挽救在美国的生命，来自加州硅谷的清洁能源技术可以改善中国的环境，西安一座古老寺庙的架构可激发达拉斯或者底特律新建筑设计的灵感。

And that’s when the connections you make as classmates or labmates can blossom into something more.That’s what happened when Abigail Coplin became an American Fulbright Scholar here at Peking University.She and her colleagues published papers together in top science journals, and they built research partnerships that lasted long after they returned to their home countries.And Professor Niu Ke from Peking University was a Fulbright Scholarship--Scholar in the U.S.last year, and he reported--and this is a quote from him--he said, ―The most memorable experiences were with my American friends.‖

这是你们与同学、实验伙伴建立起的联系能带来更多收获的时候。阿比盖尔•柯普林成为北京大学美国富布赖特学者的时候，她与同事们在首屈一指的科学杂志上共同发表论文，建立研究伙伴关系，这段关系在他们各自回国后还长久持续着。来自北京大学的牛可教授是去年的美国富布赖特学者。我引述下他的话，―最难忘的经历是和我的美国朋友们在一起。‖

These lasting bonds represent the true value of studying abroad.And I am thrilled that more and more students are getting this opportunity.As you’ve heard, China is currently the fifth most popular destination for Americans studying abroad, and today, the highest number of exchange students in the U.S.are from China.这些长久的纽带代表留学的真正价值，我很兴奋，越来越多的学生正得到这样的机会。中国目前是美国人留学的第五大热门目的地。今天的美国，来自中国的交换生数量最多。

But still, too many students never have this chance, and some that do are hesitant to take it.They may feel like studying abroad is only for wealthy students or students from certain kinds of universities.Or they may think to themselves, well, that sounds fun but how will it be useful in my life? And believe me, I understand where these young people are coming from because I felt the same way back when I was in college.尽管如此，太多的学生从来没有这样的机会，而一些有机会的学生则犹豫是否要抓住它。他们可能觉得留学只是有钱的学生或来自某类大学的学生的事。或者，他们可能心里想，―嗯，这听起来很有趣，但它在我的生活中真正有多大用处？‖ 我理解这些年轻人，因为我在上大学时也有同样的感受。

See, I came from a working-class family, and it never occurred to me to study abroad--never.My parents didn’t get a chance to attend college, so I was focused on getting into a university, earning my degree so that I could get a good job to support myself and help my family.And I know for a lot of young people like me who are struggling to afford a regular semester of school, paying for plane tickets or living expenses halfway around the world just isn’t possible.And that’s not acceptable, because study abroad shouldn’t just be for students from certain backgrounds.你们知道，我来自一个工薪阶层家庭，我甚至从来没想过留学。我的父母没有上过大学，我将精力集中在进入大学并获得学位，这样我就可以得到一份工作并养活自己、帮助家人。对于很多像我一样靠奋斗才能读得起一个常规学期的年轻人来说，支付世界另一边的机票或生活费实在是不可能的。这是不可接受的，因为留学不应仅属于有一些背景的学生。

Our hope is to build connections between people of all races and socioeconomic backgrounds, because it is that diversity that truly will change the face of our relationships.So we believe that diversity makes our country vibrant and strong.And our study abroad programs should reflect the true spirit of America to the world.我们希望在所有种族和社会经济背景的人之间建立联系，因为正是这样的多样性让我们的国家如此充满活力和强大……我们的海外留学项目应向世界反映美国的真正精神。

And that’s why when my husband visited China back in 2009, he announced the 100,000 Strong initiative to increase the number and diversity of American students studying in China.And this year, as we mark the 35th anniversary of the normalization of relationships between our two countries, the U.S.government actually supports more American students in China than in any other country in the world.这就是为什么在2009年我的丈夫访问中国时，宣布了我们的10万项倡议，该倡议旨在增加留学中国的美国学生的数量和多样性。而今年，在我们纪念中美两国关系正常化三十五周年之际，美国政府实际上支持更多的美国学生在中国学习。

We are sending high school, college and graduate students here to study Chinese.We’re inviting teachers from China to teach Mandarin in American schools.We’re providing free online advising for students in China who want to study in the U.S.And the U.S.-China Fulbright program is still going strong with more than 3,000 alumni.我们正将高中生、大学生和研究生送到这里来学习中文，我们正邀请中国老师到美国的高校教授普通话，我们为希望留学美国的中国学生提供免费的在线咨询。美中富布赖特项目仍在加强，现有3000多名学友。

And the private sector is stepping up as well.For example, Steve Schwarzman, who is the head of an American company called Blackstone, is funding a new program at Tsinghua University modeled on the Rhodes Scholarship.And today, students from all kinds of backgrounds are studying here in China.私人部门也在加紧工作。例如，美国黑石公司的主管斯蒂夫•施瓦茨曼正在资助清华大学模仿罗德奖学全的一个新项目。今天，来自不同背景的学生正在中国学习。

Take the example of Royale Nicholson, who’s from Cleveland, Ohio.She attends New York University’s program in Shanghai.Now, like me, Royale is a first-generation college student.And her mother worked two full-time jobs while her father worked nights to support their family.And of her experience in Shanghai, Royale said--and this is her quote--she said, ―This city oozes persistence and inspires me to accomplish all that I can.‖ And happy birthday, Royale.It was her birthday yesterday.(Laughter.)以来自俄亥俄州克利夫兰的罗亚尔为例，她参加了纽约大学在上海的项目。像我一样，罗亚尔是家里的第一代大学生。她母亲做两份全职工作，而她父亲晚上工作以维持他们的家庭。谈到她在上海的经历时，她说：―这座城市充满韧性，它激励我完成所有我能做的事。‖ 对了，罗亚尔，我祝你生日快乐。昨天正好是她的生日。

And then there’s Philmon Haile from the University of Washington, whose family came to the U.S.as refugees from Eritrea when he was a child.And of his experience studying in China, he said, ―Study abroad is a powerful vehicle for people-to-people exchange as we move into a new era of citizen diplomacy.‖

还有来自华盛顿大学的腓力门•海尔，他还是孩子的时候，他的家人作为厄立特里亚难民来到了美国。谈到他在中国学习的经历时，他说：―在我们进入公民外交的新时代之际，留学是人民间交流的一种强大工具。‖

―A new era of citizen diplomacy.‖ I could not have said it better myself, because that’s really what I’m talking about.I am talking about ordinary citizens reaching out to the world.And as I always tell young people back in America, you don’t need to get on a plane to be a citizen diplomat.I tell them that if you have an Internet connection in your home, school, or library, within seconds you can be transported anywhere in the world and meet people on every continent.―一个公民外交的新时代‖一一我想不出比这更好的说法了，因为这正是我正在谈的，那就是普通公民走向世界。正如我经常对美国年轻认说的那样，你不需要登上飞机才能成为公民外交官。我告诉他们，如果你在家里、学校或者图书馆能上网，只要几秒钟，你就可以被带到世界任何地方，遇见来自每个大陆的人。

And that’s why I’m posting a daily travel blog with videos and photos of my experiences here in China, because I want young people in America to be part of this visit.And that’s really the power of technology –-how it can open up the entire world and expose us to ideas and innovations we never could have imagined.这就是为什么我每天都要发一篇旅行博文，里面有我这次中国之行的视频和照片，因为我希望美国的年轻人能成为这次访问的一部分。这确实是技术的力量——它打开整个世界，让我们接触到以前根本难以想象的思想和创新。

And that’s why it’s so important for information and ideas to flow freely over the Internet and through the media, because that’s how we discover the truth.That’s how we learn what’s really happening in our communities and our country and our world.And that’s how we decide which values and ideas we think are best –-by questioning and debating them vigorously, by listening to all sides of an argument, and by judging for ourselves.这也是为什么信息和思想在互联网上、并通过媒体自由流动是如此重要。因为那是我们发现真理的途径，那使我们得以了解我们的社群、我们的国家和我们的世界到底在发生着什么。那也是我们何以决定哪些价值观和思想是最好的——通过有力地对它们提出疑问，进行辩论，倾听各方观点，并做出自己的判断。

And believe me, I know how this can be a messy and frustrating process.My husband and I are on the receiving end of plenty of questioning and criticism from our media and our fellow citizens.And it’s not always easy, but we wouldn’t trade it for anything in the world.Because time and again, we have seen that countries are stronger and more prosperous when the voices of and opinions of all their citizens can be heard.相信我，我知道这是一个令人困惑而沮丧的过程。有大量来自我们媒体和公民的质疑和批评，而我丈夫和我位于接收端。这并非易事，但我们认为它的重要无可取代。因为我们一次又一次地看到，当所有公民的声音和观点都能得到倾听之时，国家会变得更加强大和繁荣。And as my husband has said, we respect the uniqueness of other cultures and societies, but when it comes to expressing yourself freely and worshipping as you choose and having open access to information, we believe those universal rights--they are universal rights that are the birthright of every person on this planet.We believe that all people deserve the opportunity to fulfill their highest potential as I was able to do in the United States.正像我的丈夫曾说过的，我们尊重其他文化和社会的独特性。然而，就自由地表达自我、选择自己所崇拜的东西、以及享有信息公开而言——我们相信那是地球上每个人与生俱来的权利。我们相信，所有人都应享有实现自己最大潜能的机会，正如我在美国所能做到的那样。And as you learn about new cultures and form new friendships during your time here in China and in the United States, all of you are the living, breathing embodiment of those values.So I guarantee you that in studying abroad, you’re not just changing your own life, you are changing the lives of everyone you meet.同时，当你在中国这里以及在美国了解新的文化、结交新的朋友之时，你整个人就是那些价值观的鲜活代表。所以我保证，通过出国留学，你们不仅在改变自己的人生，也在改变你所遇到的每个人的人生。And as the great American President John F.Kennedy once said about foreign students studying in the U.S., he said ―I think they teach more than they learn.‖ And that is just as true of young Americans who study abroad.All of you are America’s best face, and China’s best face, to the world--you truly are.正像伟大的美国总统约翰•肯尼迪谈到留学美国的外国学生时说的那样，―我想他们所教的比他们学到的还要多。‖而对出国学习的年径美国人来说也是一样的。对世界而言，你们所有人都是最好的美国面孔，和最好的中国面孔。

Every day, you show the world your countries’ energy and creativity and optimism and unwavering belief in the future.And every day, you remind us--and me in particular--of just how much we can achieve if we reach across borders, and learn to see ourselves in each other, and confront our shared challenges with shared resolve.每一天，你们都在向世界展示你们国家的能量、创造力、乐观，以及对未来坚定不移的信念。每一天，你们都在提醒我们，通过跨越国界，学会在彼此身上看到我们自己，和用共同的决心应对我们共同的挑战。So I hope you all will keep seeking these kinds of experiences.And I hope you’ll keep teaching each other, and learning from each other, and building bonds of friendship that will enrich your lives and enrich our world for decades to come.所以，我希望你们都会不断寻求这样的经历。我希望你们能继续受益于彼此，互相学习，同时建立起友谊的纽带，而这些纽带能在未来数十年丰富你们的生活，也丰富我们的世界。

篇3：奥巴马就职演讲的批评话语分析

“批评性话语分析是旨在把语言和语言使用与其意识形态意义联系起来的一种分析。语言并非仅仅是一种客观的传播媒介, 也是一种社会实践;语言不仅反映社会现实, 也是社会过程的介入力量。” (The N ews Journal, 2003) 因此, 批评性话语分析本质上是对语篇特别是大众语篇和官方话语进行的一种社会分析, 以提高读者对语言的敏感程度, 使他们认识到语言和现代社会生活之间微妙的关系以及语言运用和不平等的社会权力关系之间错综复杂的联系, 促使读者实现批评阅读 (critical reading) , 增强他们对大众语篇的反控制意识。

批评话语分析要求把语言作为一个多功能的系统, 因此, Halliday的系统功能语言学自然成了其主要的理论基础和方法来源。 (辛斌, 2005) 系统功能语法是一种比其他理论更适合于语篇分析的理论, 黄国文 (2001) 认为, 我们在分析语篇时完全可以用这种理论进行指导。Halliday将语言所能完成的具有无限可能性的功能抽象概括为三大语言元功能, 即概念功能 (ideational function) 、人际功能 (interpersonal function) 和语篇功能 (textual function) (徐珺, 2005) 。概念功能, 指语言用于表达说话者的内部经验, 世界及其各事物之间的逻辑关系的功能, 主要由及物 (transitivity) 系统来实现 (王冬梅, 2008) 。人际功能, 是指能表达作者 (讲话者) 的身份、地位、态度、动机以及他 (她) 对事物的推断的功能, 它直接与态度、观点等相关, 是一条展示意识形态作用的捷径。另外, 在语篇上, 名词化的过程隐藏了参与者和情态的成分, 减少了行为成分, 使客观性更强。修辞的应用也是政治演讲文本的一个重要特点, 不仅保证了政治演讲的流畅与生动, 还增加了文本的说服力。

本文将从及物性、人称代词的选择、情态系统, 语篇的修辞等方面, 对奥巴马就职演讲进行批评性话语分析。从中我们可以看到奥巴马是如何利用语言为其政治目的服务, 劝说美国的民众接受其宣扬的意识形态的。

2 奥巴马诺贝尔和平奖演讲分析

美国民主党总统候选人贝拉克·奥巴马在2008年11月4日举行的总统选举中击败共和党对手约翰·麦凯恩, 当选第56届美国总统。他是美国历史上首位非洲裔总统。本文以他的就职演说为语料, 在批评话语分析理论框架下, 根据语篇的具体特征, 选择性地分析及物性, 情态系统, 人称代词以及语篇修辞特点。

2.1 及物性

及物性 (transitivity) 是概念功能的一部分, 是以交代各种过程及其有关的参与者和环境成分来反映语言的概念功能, 其中物质过程、心理过程和关系过程是最常见的三种表示概念功能的过程。物质过程是表示做某件事的过程, 它有两个参与者:“动作者” (actor) 和“目标” (goal) ;心理过程是表示“感觉” (sensing) 的心理活动的过程, 一般有两个参与者:心理活动的主体“感觉者” (senser) 和客体即被感知的“现象” (phenomenon) ;关系过程是指反映事物之间处于任何关系的过程, 可分为“归属性关系过程” (attributive) 和“限定性关系过程” (descriptive) , 前者对事物进行描写, 后者对事物进行限定。

在演讲中, 奥巴马主要采用了物质过程和关系过程这两种及物性系统。在谈及如何重建美国经济和政治霸主的地位时, 奥巴马选择了对行为进行描述的物质过程:

(1) On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.

(2) Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America.以上各句中的动词, “proclaim”, “pick”, “dust”, “begin”属于物质动词, 表明了奥巴马的决心, 并表明他将和美国民众一起, 改善美国现有的政治管理制度, 重拾信心, 共建全新美国。而及物性系统中的关系过程是进行评价或判断最直接的方式 (Hodge & Kress, 1979) , 如以下各句中由系动词连接名词词组或形容词形成的关系过程。

(3) Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time.

(4) Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land-a nagging fear that America's decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights.

第三句中的“real”, “serious”, “many”是对于美国现在所面临的“challenges”的限定。第四句中的“sapping”, “nagging”则描述了美国民众所面临的信仰危机, 表明了当前局势的严重性。关系过程中一般现在时的使用增强了评价和界定的客观性。奥巴马选用这种概念过程和时态, 是想证明自己所言是普遍认可的事实, 并没有夹杂着个人的主观因素。从而, 让听众认识到美国目前所面临的问题是十分严峻的。

2.2 情态系统

系统功能语言学 (Halliday, 1994 /2000) 认为, 人们在交际过程中, 除了表达肯定和否定的两极之外, 还有介于两者之间的可能性, 即“中间状态”, 即“情态” (modality) 。情态是说话人对某个命题或提议的态度、看法, 表现了说话人的意愿或判断。全文共有单词2369个, 其中情态动词62个, 各种情态动词的使用频率如下:

但情态本身也有等级之分。情态量值分布最明显地体现在情态操作词上。通过对情态的高、中、低量值的区分, 可以看出说话者语气的轻重。当否定词在命题和情态之间转换时, 情态的高、低量值会发生逆转。要表达相对肯定的态度时采用的是高量值的情态词, 反之则使用低量值的情态词。情态词量值分布如下:

从统计数字可以看出, 奥巴马这篇演讲中用得最多的是中情态词, 共23个, 占全文情态动词的37%;高情态词, 共8个, 占全文情态动词的13%;低情态词, 共31个, 占全文情态动词的50%。这是就职演讲, 奥巴马不必使用太过激烈的情态, 只要表明自己的理念, 指出以后努力的方向。中, 低情态词的使用可以使自己的主张不带有强制的色彩, 使信息更容易被听众所接受, 从而增加了信息被听众认可的机会, 也可以避免遭受听众的批评和挑战。另外值得注意的是, 在中情态动词中, will又是演讲稿中用得最多的, 有19个之多, 占所有情态词的31%。will用于第一人称后表示决心。通过对will出现的语境的分析发现:will几乎都是刻画新总统对美国民众的承诺和未来工作的艰巨。这可以反映出奥巴马对前途所做出的主观判断, 以此来影响受众, 让他们感觉美国明天的任务很艰巨, 支持新总统的工作显得十分必要。低情态词中, 使用最多的是“can”。其大量使用使他在表达自己的执政决心和承诺时更加游刃有余。但奥巴马在这篇演讲中也使用了高情态动词“must”8次, 表示他的主观取向, 强调了美国可以而且必须取得成功, 以此来迎合美国民众的心理, 拉近与受众的距离。同时, “must”也传达出一种强制的态度, 这样总统话语权的权威化也表现得更加清楚了。

2.3 人称代词

语篇的人际元功能关注的是篇章作者和篇章意图中的读者的互动关系, 即说话人用语言表达自己的态度, 并影响听者的态度和行为。如对何人使用何种称谓, 体现着作者 (讲话者) 的态度。情态是人际功能的体现形式之一, 主观情态反映话语生成者与陈述的亲近性, 而客观情态则模糊了个体与团体的观点。在英语里, 除了情态动词、情态形容词和情态副词之外, 人称代词、实义动词、时态、直接、间接引语都可表达情态意义 (辛斌, 2005) 。政治家在演讲中非常善于运用第一人称和第二人称代词增强语言的感染力, 调节与受众之间的心理距离 (Maitland & Wilson, 1987) 。本文着重分析人际功能中的人称代词在奥巴马就职演讲中的使用。

人称代词在英语政治语篇中的应用很广泛。Beard (参见The News Journal, 2003) 指出, 政治家和他们的撰稿人对演讲中使用什么代词颇费脑汁;他们自己准备承担多大的责任;成功后他们愿意和同事分担多大的责任;他们有多大把握相信公众接受他们的观点;以及失败后他们自己准备承担多少责任。这些功能都要靠代词来实现。获胜演讲中使用的人称代词如下:

分析演讲稿我们不难发现, 在描述未来执政路上的艰难和总统的承诺的时候, 其大量使用“we” (共计61次) , “us” (22次) , “our” (67次) , “you”/“your” (共15次) , 使受众感觉到自己就是那个“you”, 不自觉地和新总统开始对话, 使受众更能体会未来的艰辛, 也增加了受众的主人翁意识, 受众和总统间的距离不自觉拉近了。奥巴马通过“we”与“I”的成功置换, 达到了“前面的路还很长很艰辛, 我需要你们的参与”的效果, 从而树立了一个锐意改革, 人民至上的新一代美国领导人形象。

2.4 修辞

“演讲者借助修辞获得支持, 最终获得政治权威 (political power) ” (郭秀梅, 1984) 。这里, “说服”将修辞与政治连在了一起, 因为政治语言的目的之一就是“说服”。因此, 演讲辞中的修辞功能不可忽视。在奥巴马的就职演讲中, 最常见的修辞形式就是排比:

(1) For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life. For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the west; endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth. For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg; Normandy and Khe Sahn. (为了我们, 先辈们带着微薄的细软, 横渡大洋, 寻找新生活;为了我们, 先辈们忍辱负重, 用血汗浇铸工厂;为了我们, 先辈们在荒芜的西部大地辛勤耕作, 定居他乡;为了我们, 先辈们奔赴 (独立战争中的) 康科德城和葛底斯堡、 (二战中的) 诺曼底、 (越战中的) Khe Sahn, 他们征战、死去。)

(2) Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year. Our capacity remains undiminished. (同危机初露端倪之时相比, 美国人民的生产力依然旺盛;与上周、上个月或者去年相比, 我们的头脑依然富于创造力, 我们的商品和服务依然很有市场, 我们的实力不曾削弱。)

排比句的使用, 显得演讲结构紧凑。在表达对先烈的敬意时, 慷慨激昂, 在传达对美国社会, 对民众的信心的时候, 语气坚定有力掷地有声。

参考文献

[1]黄国文.功能语篇分析纵横谈[J].外语与外语教学, 2001, (12) :1-4.

[2]郭秀梅.实用英语修辞学[M].南京:江苏人民出版社, 1984.

[3]王冬梅.批评性话语分析的理论来源及主要方法[J].重庆科技学院学报 (社会科学版) , 2008, (8) .

篇4：奥巴马就职演讲文稿词汇特征分析

关键词：奥巴马就职演讲   词汇特征   分析

总统就职演讲是一种具有代表性的公众演讲形式，每一位总统都要在自己的就职演说中宣布施政纲领和预期目标，以及说服公众支持并接受自己的观点，所以总统演讲在目的、对象、内容等方面具有书面语和口语的特点，极具号召力和感染力。

本文选取奥巴马在2009年和2013年的两篇就职演讲文稿为研究对象，从词长和词汇密度方面着手，对演讲稿进行了对比分析，总结出英语公众演讲的特点，以帮助学生更好地理解公众演讲这一文体，提高学生的英语学习能力和综合表达能力。

一、研究方法

本文的研究语料是2009年和2013年奥巴马的就职演讲文稿，它们分别有2286字和614字。通过利用语料库文本分析工具Wordsmith 6.0，笔者分析了这两篇演讲文稿的词长和词汇密度，以帮助学生更好地掌握公众演讲的特点。

二、研究结论与讨论

1.词长分析

据统计显示，2009年奥巴马就职演讲文稿的单词平均词长（4.44）小于2013年奥巴马就职演讲文稿单词平均词长（4.66）。平均词长是指语料库中单词所包含字母的平均数，平均词长越长，说明文本中使用的长词越多，阅读难度相对越大。因此，2009年奥巴马就职演讲文稿与2013年奥巴马就职演讲文稿相比，词汇相对简易，文本更加浅显易懂。

在英语中6个字母以上的词，通常被称为大词，使用大词可以使演讲显得庄严、正式，相应地也增加了词汇难度，所以大词频繁使用于公众演讲中，而较少出现在其他文体中。如图1，在这两篇就职演讲文稿中，2009年奥巴马演讲文稿中大词的使用率小于2013年演讲文稿，这说明奥巴马在2013年的就职演讲中更多地使用了大词，从而相对地增加了读者和听众阅读演讲稿的难度。

2.词汇密度分析

在语料库语言学中，类符/形符比通常被用来衡量文本中的词汇密度，词汇密度反映的是句中实词所占的比例。在句中，实词传递着大部分信息，所以如果一句话的词汇密度越大，则句中的实词越多，句子负荷的信息量也越大;反之，信息量就越少。所以说，在语篇中的词汇密度越大，其承载的信息量就越大。如表1所示：

表1 两篇演讲稿词汇密度对比

形符（个） 类符（个） 形符/类符比（%）

2009年 2286 889 37.27

2013年 614 309 50.41

尽管2009年奥巴马就职演讲文稿中的字数较多，但是通过对比2009年和2013年就职演讲文稿的形符/类符比，我们可以发现2013年奥巴马就职演讲文稿的词汇密度大于2009年奥巴马就职演讲文稿词汇密度，这就进一步说明2013年奥巴马就职演讲文稿的信息量较大，理解难度相对较高。

三、结语

本文从演讲稿文本词汇难度的角度出发，通过分析2009年和2013年的奥巴马总统就职演说文稿，发现2009年就职演讲的总文稿相对浅显易读，更加注重听众的感受以及他们的反应。因此，公众演讲作为一种独特的文体，虽然具有书面语和口语的特征，但口语特征更加明显。了解英语公众演讲的特点，有助于学生更好地学习英语，提高他们英语实际运用能力和综合素质。

参考文献：

[1]熊莉.宗教与美国总统的就职演说[J].湖北民族学院学报，2006，（24）.

[2]陈建生，高博.基于语料库的《诗经》两个英译本的译者风格考察———以“国风”为例[J].天津外国语大学学报，2011，（4）.

[3]王佐良.英语文体学引论[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1987.

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篇5：奥巴马开学演讲

Remarks by the President in Back-to-School Speech Benjamin Banneker High School Washington, D.C.September 28, 2011

THE PRESIDENT: Thank you.(Applause.)Thank you very much.Everybody, please have a seat.Well, Madam President, that was an outstanding introduction.(Laughter.)We are so proud of Donae for representing this school so well.And in addition, I also want to acknowledge your outstanding principal, who has been here for 20 years--first as a teacher, now as an outstanding principal--Anita Berger.Please give her a big round of applause.(Applause.)I want to acknowledge, as well, Mayor Gray is here--the mayor of Washington, D.C.is here.Please give him a big round of applause.(Applause.)And I also want to thank somebody who is going to go down in history as one of the finest Secretaries of Education that we’ve ever had--Arne Duncan is here.(Applause.)

Now, it is great to be here at Benjamin Banneker High School, one of the best high schools not only in Washington, D.C., but one of the best high schools in the country.(Applause.)But we’ve also got students tuning in from all across America.And so I want to welcome you all to the new school year, although I know that many of you already have been in school for a while.I know that here at Banneker, you’ve been back at school for a few weeks now.So everything is starting to settle in, just like for all your peers all across the country.The fall sports season is underway.Musicals and marching band routines are starting to shape up, I believe.And your first big tests and projects are probably just around the corner.I know that you’ve also got a great deal going on outside of school.Your circle of friends might be changing a little bit.Issues that used to stay confined to hallways or locker rooms are now finding their way onto Facebook and Twitter.(Laughter.)Some of your families might also be feeling the strain of the economy.As many of you know, we’re going through one of the toughest economic times that we’ve gone through in our lifetime--in my lifetime.Your lifetime hasn’t been that long.And so, as a consequence, you might have to pick up an after-school job to help out your family, or maybe you’re babysitting for a younger sibling because mom or dad is working an extra shift.更多请访问http://

篇6：奥巴马开学演讲翻译

We’ve got student turning from all across America from kindergarten to12 grade.全国各地有从幼儿园到高三的众多学生通过电视关注着这里。

And I’m just so glad that all you could join us today and I want to thank Wakefield for being such an outstanding host.Give yourselves an big round of applause.我很高兴你们今天都来参加这个演讲，感谢维克菲尔德高中能够把组织工作做的这么好，请为你们自己鼓掌。

I know that for many of you today is the first day of school.And for those of you in kindergarten or starting middle or high school, it’s your first day of the new school.今天是你们的开学第一天，对于刚进入幼儿园或者刚升入初中高中的学生来说，今天也是你们进入新学校的第一天。

So it’s understandable if you feel a little nervous.I imagine there are some seniors out there who are feeling pretty good right now,you are with just one more year to go.如果你觉得有一点紧张，那是正常的。我想，一些高年级的学生现在应该觉得非常开心，因为还有一年你们就要毕业了。

And no matter what grade you’re in ,some of you probably wish you are still in summer.And you could stay in bed a little bit longer this morning.不管你是哪个年级的，我想你们当中肯定有人还希望暑假还没结束，那样你们就能在今天早上多睡一小会儿。

I know that feeling.When I was young, my family lived overseas.I lived in Indonesia for a few years.And my mother, she didn’t have enough money to send me where all America kids went to school.我了解那种感受。在我很小的时候，我们家住在国外，我曾经在印度尼西亚住过几年。那时候我母亲没有足够的钱送我去美国孩子们上的学校。

But she thought it was important for me to keep up with an America education.So she decided to teach me extra lessons herself.但是她还是认为我必须要接受美国式的教育，所以她决定自己在家里教我。

Monday to Friday,but because she had to go to work ,the only time she could do it was 4: 30 in the morning.因为她要去上班，只能在工作日的凌晨四点半教我。Now, as you might imagine, I wasn’t too happy to happy to getting up that early.And a lot of times ,I’d fall asleep right there at kitchen table.正如你们想的，我很不情愿每天那么早起床。有好多次我就直接在餐桌上睡着了。

Then whenever I complained it, my mother would just give me one of those looks and she’d say this is no picnic for me either, buster.每次我抱怨的时候，我妈就会一脸不情愿的对我说，你以为我教你很轻松吗，小鬼。

So I know that some of you are still adjusting to being back at school.But I am here today because I have something important to discuss with you.我知道你们很多人还在适应回到校园的生活，但是我今天来到这里是因为我有重要的事情要和你讨论。I’m here because I want to talk with you about your education.And what’s expected of all of you in this new school year.我今天要和你们谈你们的教育问题，以及新学年对你们的期望。

I’ve given a lot of speeches about education.And I’ve talked about responsibility a lot.I’ve talked about teacher’s responsibility for inspiring students and pushing you to learn.关于教育的演讲，我已经做过很多次了，我也经常谈到责任问题。我说过老师的责任是鼓励学生，激励学生学习。

I’ve talked about your parent’s responsibility for making sure you on the track and get your homework done and don’t spend every waking time hour in front of the TV or with the Xbox.家长的责任是确保你走在正道上，监督你完成家庭作业，不允许你把时间都花在电视和游戏上。

I’ve talked a lot about your government’s responsibility for setting high standards and supporting teacher’s principals and turn around schools that they aren’t working,where students aren’t getting the opportunities they deserve.政府的责任是制定高的标准协助老师和学校的工作，提高学校的工作效率，改变有些学校里学生得不到应得的教育的状况。