英语相互代词的语法学习

2024-09-07

英语相互代词的语法学习(通用12篇)

篇1:英语相互代词的语法学习

英语中的相互代词只有两个:each other和one another。

一般用each other指两者之间,用one another指三者或三者以上之间,实际运用中常常可以互换。例如:

Mike and Susan love each other.

麦克和苏珊相亲相爱。

We write to each other regularly.

我们彼此经常通信。

We help one another with the extra work in the summer.

我们互相帮助做夏季的额外工作。

相互代词each other和one another在句中的具体用法:

1、作动词宾语,例如:

Paul and Linda helped each other.

保罗和琳达互相帮助。

We see one another twice a week.

我们每周见两次面。

2、作介词宾语,例如:

You can learn from each other.

你们可以相互学习。

They are looking at one another without saying any word.

他们你看看我,我看看你,谁也没说话。

3、相互代词加上所有格,可以作定语,例如:

They often wear each other’s T-shirt.

他们经常换穿彼此的T恤。

We often borrow one another’s pencil.

我们经常互借铅笔。

公众号: 你莫愁英语语法

篇2:英语相互代词的语法学习

this:指在时间或空间上离说话人较近的人或事物,译为“这,这个”,复数形式是these(这些)。

that:指在时间或空间上离说话人较远的人或事物,译为“那,那个”,复数形式是those(那些)。

指示代词在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语,基本用法如下:

1、指示代词作主语,例如:

This is Dawn. That is Tom.

这是唐,那是汤姆。

This is your book. That is mine.

这是你的书。那是我的。

These are apples.

这些是苹果。

Those are my father’s photos.

那些是我爸爸的照片。

2、指示代词作表语,例如:

What you bought is this.

你买的就是这个。

What is that?

那是什么?

3、指示代词作宾语,例如:

I love this.

我很喜欢这个。

Please don’t do that.

请不要那么做。

4、指示代词作定语,例如:

This cup is mine.

这个杯子是我的。

That orange is hers.

那个橙子是她的。

These apples are delicious.

这些苹果很好吃。

Those boys are playing football.

那些男孩子在踢足球。

篇3:英语相互代词的语法学习

关键词:疑问,代词,哪里,语法,意义

语言是人类最重要的交际工具, 是一种社会文化现象, 更是一门艺术。它伴随着社会的产生而产生, 伴随着社会的发展而发展。人类不能没有语言, 就如同人类不能没有空气, 一旦失去语言, “社会就会停止生产, 就会崩溃, 就会无法作为社会而存在下去”。人们往往在交际过程中, 使用不同的语言的表述形式来表达不同的意义。

一、“哪里”的单用形式

如前文所举例可见, 单用“哪里”一词, 可使“哪里”具有三种不同方面的语法意义和句法功能。在这方面“哪里”一词语法语义的演变主要是受到了语法中的语序变化的影响。

首先, 讨论的是现代汉语在一个完整的句子中的“动 +宾语”的结构类型, 例如“陈老师去哪里了?”、“暑假你去哪里旅游了?”、“你要上哪里去呀?”中, “哪里”属于疑问代词, 且这些句子都属于疑问语句中的特指疑问句, 一般为单句, 也有复句的存在。例如“你竟然不知道他去了哪里?”, 这样的复句多表反问语气, 并不多见。

二、“哪里”的连用形式

“哪里哪里”的连用属于疑问代词同现的一种形式, 同型疑问代词连用同现。所谓的疑问代词同现, 即表示两个或两个以上的疑问代词同时出现在同一个句子当中。一般而言, 代词是不能重叠的, 但是我们也发现, 代词的重叠在现代汉语中具有一定的普遍性。从句子的形式上说, 无论是单用的“哪里”, 亦或是连用的“哪里哪里”, 这些词语都作为一个独立语或是独立成句, 且疑问语气较之单用时弱化。从语义角度看, “哪里哪里”表示的是一种谦虚的态度, 也可表示代词的用法, 表示一种泛指的意义。

就表示谦虚的否定语气这一点, 单用“哪里”其实也可以提现这层含义, 但是语气则显得较为生硬和直接, 听话人的认同感较弱。而连用“哪里”, 一般在后文也会跟有一些解释的话语, 会使听话人在心理也感觉到说话人真诚的谦虚之意, 使得说话双方在说话时心理都较为舒服。

康伟业说 :“哪里哪里, 你们是稀客 , 平日请都请不到的 , 别客气 , 吃一点水果吃一点水果。”

——池莉《来来往往》

“我妻子和女儿贵刊的忠实读者。有时我也翻翻 , 很有意思。”“哪里哪里 , ”李东宝极表谦逊 , 要论良师益友 , 贵刊才是首屈一指。”

——王朔《懵然无知》

“我冒进宝府, 唐突得很。”

“哪里哪里。只是我这寒舍, 实在太小了。”

——汪曾祺《岁寒三友》

以上三句话中的“哪里哪里”都作为一个独立的成分独立成句, 表示与对方谈话时自谦的态度, 婉转得推辞、否定对方对自己的夸奖。因此, 在一定意义上, “哪里哪里”在表示谦虚语气的同时还间接地表示出了否定的语气, 由自谦的成分带出一些表示出对对方语句的不同意的成分。

但对于是以谦虚语气为主还是以否定语气为主, 这两者之间的划分我认为应该考虑说话人两者之间的关系, 将话语放在原文的语境中具体分析。如若说话人之间的关系式较为亲密的, 那么说话人的言语较偏向于直接, 其中的“哪里”更侧重的是否定语气, 而如若两人并不熟识, 那么所表达出来的则更倾向于自谦的态度。

至于第二种“你这个人真是福星, 到哪里哪里就变好!”的应该断句的用法, 也是非常常见的。这里的“哪里”作为一个代词存在, 表示的意义为“每个地方”。此处的“哪里”与“哪里”实际上承指的是同一个地方, 这里的指代是泛指, 表示“你”去过的每个地方。断句后, 作为“到”的宾语与“就变好”的主语, “哪里”的句法功能实现了在一个小句子中的不被看见的转变, 这一点细微的转变我认为是值得被关注的, 也是值得被研究的。

“共产党, 像太阳, 照到哪里哪里亮。哪里有了共产党, 哪里人民得解放。”

——《东方红》

呼国庆觉得他抱着的简直是一团火焰 , 一团肉艳艳的火焰 , 触到哪里哪里就有火热的回应……

——李佩甫《羊的门》

以上两句话中的“哪里哪里”的用法都属于连用的第二种代词的用法, 所在的语句一般而言是陈述句, “哪里哪里”起到了强调主语的作用。强调主语“共产党”和“火焰”, 并以利用下文展开的具体解释来分析主语的重要性。

疑问代词“哪里”的用法是即为广泛的, 无论是单用还是连用, “哪里”的用法不同都是由于各种方面的原因所引起的。自然的有受到语境的限制, 还有对语义上对语气的要求。与其他现代汉语语法不同, 语义上对语气的要求对于疑问代词“哪里”的用法是较为显著的。“哪里”既可以表示疑问语气, 也可以表示反问语气, 同时否定语气的用法也不容忽视。而对于“哪里哪里”而言, 则是以自谦语气, 否定语气和强调语气为主。这其中语气的划分又要与语境相联系, 因而这语义、语法、语气、语境之间的联系是相辅相成, 密不可分的。

无论是单用还是连用 , 疑问代词“哪里”在不同语句中的句法功能和语法意义都是十分复杂的, 且“哪里”所具有的疑问语气也被弱化。因此, 对其的研究也将会紧跟着它的发展而不断深入。

参考文献

[1]唐燕玲.疑问代词同现研究[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2011年.

[2]陈红.疑问代词“哪里”的分类及其非疑问用法[D].辽宁:渤海大学, 2013年.

[3]陈红丽.疑问代词“哪里”的否定用法[J].《现代语文》 (语言研究版) 2007年, 第四期.

[4]张尹琼.疑问代词的非疑问用法[D]上海:复旦大学, 2005年.

篇4:高中英语语法系列导学——代词

代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。代词在句子中可以做主语、表语、宾语,有的代词还可作定语。

一、人称代词/反身代词/物主代词

用法提示:人称代词主格在句中作主语,宾格在句中作宾语;反身代词可作宾语,以及主语或宾语的同位语,但不能单独作主语;形容词性质的物主代词,只能在名词前作定语,名词性质的物主代词可在句中作主语、表语和宾语。

二、指示代词/相互代词/疑问代词/关系代词/连接代词

三、不定代词

指说不清楚到底指谁或什么的代词。

1. all, no, none

2. each, every

3. both, either, neither (表示两者)

4. another, other, others

5. one, ones

6. some和any

7. some、any和no的复合代词

【灵活运用】

一、单句填空按照下面句子结构的语法性, 在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的适当形式填空。

1. The Parkers bought a new house but______will need a lot of work before they can move in.

2. —Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?

— I am afraid______day is possible.

3. — Is ______ here?

—No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.

4. —Why dont we take a little break?

___ —Didnt we just have ______?___

5. —Do you want tea or coffee?

—______ . I really dont mind.___

6. —Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?

—______ way as you please.

7. Playing tricks on others is ______ that we should never do.

8. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will ______ else.

9. Tom felt that he knew everybodys business better than they knew it______ .

10. Few pleasures can equal ______ of a cool drink on a hot day.

二、句子运用将下列句子翻译成英语,注意下划线部分的代词用法。

1. Tom和他的朋友们都很累,但他们中没有人停下来休息。

2. 我们彼此讲法语,因为那是我们两个都会的唯一语言。

3. Harry想娶一个比年轻的姑娘。

4. 她试了许多双鞋,最后选了那双紫色的

5. 她认为自己比板上所有其他孩子都要聪明。

6.一个人再细心也不过分。

7.有人在图书馆外面等你。

8. Joe Jackson有重要的事告诉你。

9. 几分钟之后将会有另一辆车过来。

10. 我们的洗衣机坏了的时候,邻居们就让我们用他们的。

三、篇章运用阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的代词。

It was on 20 September 1973 that they met each other on the tennis court. Of___1___the tennis matches until then, this was probably the___2___that attracted the most attention.

Bobby Riggs had once been a champion, but at 55___3___was getting rather old for top-class tennis. But he considered

___ 4___a better player than___5___woman. In fact, he thought women should go home and find___6___useful to do in the kitchen. The___7___player, Billie Jean King, was a 29-year-old star of womens tennis. Riggs thought that___8___would be a good idea to play King. He was sure he could beat___9___.

Four months before this match, Riggs had beaten Margaret Court,___ 10___ top female player in the world. His easy 6-2, 6-1 victory landed Riggs on the cover of___ 11___Sports Illustrated and Time magazine. He said in public that___12___woman could beat him.

In fact, Riggs had originally challenged King to a match, but she had declined. Following the embarrassing loss by Court to Riggs, King accepted___13___challenge.

There was a lot of interest in the match, and more or less___14___in the country was looking forward to___15___ .

On the night of the match, there were over 30,000 people in the Houston Astrodrome. But___16___knew who would win. It was a match that, as Billie Jean King

篇5:英语语法反身代词详解

反身代词有:

We use a reflexive pronoun:

我们用反身代词:

as a direct object when the object is the same as the subject of the verb:

当动词的主语与宾语一致,反身代词作直接宾语:

I am teaching myself to play the piano.

Be careful with that knife. You might cut yourself.

We can use a reflexive pronoun as direct object with most transitive verbs, but these are the most common:

我们也可以将反身代词作为直接宾语,与及物动词连用,以下是常见的及物动词:

Some verbs change their meaning slightly when they have a reflexive pronoun as direct object:

反身代词作为直接宾语时,有些动词的意义改变:

Would you like to help yourself to another drink?

= Would you like to take another drink?

I wish the children would behave themselves.

= I wish the children would behave well.

He found himself lying by the side of the road.

= He was surprised when he realised that he was at the side of the road.

I saw myself as a famous actor.

= I imagined that I was a famous actor.

She applied herself to the job of mending the lights.

= She worked very hard to mend the lights.

He busied himself in the kitchen.

= He worked busily in the kitchen.

I had to content myself with a few Euros.

= I had to be satisfied with a few Euros.

We do not use a reflexive pronoun after verbs which describe things people usually do for themselves, such as wash, shave, dress:

我们不在动词后直接接反身代词来描述人们给自己的动作,如洗澡、刮胡子、穿衣服:

He washed [himself] in cold water.

He always shaved [himself] before going out in the evening.

Michael dressed [himself] and got ready for the party.

We only use reflexives with these verbs for emphasis:

我们只在强调时将反身代词放在动词后面:

He dressed himself in spite of his injuries.

She’s old enough to wash herself.

as indirect object when the indirect object is the same as the subject of the verb:

当间接宾语的动词与主语相同时,反身代词作为间接宾语:

Would you like to pour yourself a drink.

We’ve brought ourselves something to eat.

But we use personal pronouns, not reflexives, after prepositions of place...

但是在介词后,我们用人称代词而非反身代词。

He had a suitcase beside him.

and after with when it means “accompanied by”:

She had a few friends with her.

We use a reflexive with the preposition by...

在下列情况中我们会在介词后使用反身代词。

when we want to show that someone did something alone and/or without any help:

当我们想要表现出某人独立完成某事时:

He lived by himself in an enormous house.

She walked home by herself.

The children got dressed by themselves.

I prepared the whole meal by myself.

to emphasise the person or thing we are referring to:

强调我们所指代的某人或某物:

Kendal itself is quite a small town.

especially if we are talking about someone very famous:

特别是我们在谈论某位名人:

Sir Paul McCartney himself sang the final song.

We often put the reflexive pronoun at the end of the clause when we are using it for emphasis:

我们会在句子末尾使用反身代词以表强调:

I baked the bread myself.

篇6:高考英语语法代词考点

Each (of us) has a dictionary. = We each have a dictionary.

②Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.

none和no no等于not any,作定语。none作主语或宾语,代替不可数名词,谓语用单数,代替可数名词,谓语单复数皆可以 ①There is no water in the bottle.

②How much water is there in the bottle? None.

③None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.

other和another other泛指“另外的,别的”常与其他

词连用,如:the other day, every other

week, someother reason, no other way,

the other特指两者中的另外一个,复数为the others ①Both sides have accused of breaking the contract.

A. another B. the other C. neither D. each

②Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.

another指“又一个,另一个”无所指,

复数形式是others,泛指“别的人或

事” ①We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun,so let’s have ______ one this month.

A.the other B.some C.another D.other

②The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.

③Some like football, while others like basketball.

either和neither 前者意思为:两者都(两者中任何一方都);后者意思为:两者都 ①—Do you want tea or coffee? — ______, I really don‘t mind.

A. none B. neither C. either D. all

②It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _____ of the parents spoke the language.

篇7:英语语法辅导之物主代词

【―辅导之物主代词】以下是对英语语法中物主代词知识的讲解,同学们认真学习。

物主代词:

说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。

1、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如:

Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗?) / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨) / They are their books.(是他们的书)

2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如:

This is your cup,but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿?) / Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小)

3、“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如:

A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我,初三。)

[试比较] My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。)

相信通过上面对物主代词语法知识的学习,同学们对此语法知识已经能很好的掌握了,希望同学们考试成功。

初中英语学习方法之so和such单词比较

【―之so和such单词比较】so和such的重要性不许要我说,大家都应该知道,这是常考的两个单词辨析,望同学们好好的学!

比较so和such

其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副

词。so 还可与表示数量的`形容词many,few,much, little连用,形成固定搭配。

so + adj. such + a(n) + n.

so + adj. + a(n) + n. such + n. (pl.)

so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.)

so + adj. + n. [不可数] such +n. [不可数]

so foolish such a fool

so nice a flower such a nice flower

so many/ few flowers such nice flowers

so much/little money. such rapid progress

so many people such a lot of people

so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 虽相当于 many,但 a lot of 为名词性的,只能用such搭配。

so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。

篇8:英语语法---名词、代词和冠词

名词是秃子,常要戴帽子,可数名词单,须用a或an,辅音前用a,an在元音前,若为特指时,则须用定冠,复数不可数,泛指the不见,碰到代词时,冠词均不现。【妙语诠释】

冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一,也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有:①名词在一般情况下不单用,常常要和冠词连用;②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an,确指时要用定冠词the;③如复数名词表示泛指,名词前有this,these,my,some等时就不用冠词。英语语法---名词

(一)可数名词的复数构成 A.规则变化 1.单词后加S 2.单词后加ES(以CH等结尾的单词)3.以F或FE结尾,变为VE加S B.不规则变化

1.单复同形

deer sheep

fish

Chinese

Japanese

means 2.只有复数形式

people

police

cattl

clothes

trousers,glasses 3.不规则变化

man----men

woman----women

foot-----feet

tooth-----teeth mouse------mice

child-----children

German------Germans 4.复合名词的复数 1)将后一部分变成复数

Englishman---Englishmen gentleman---gentlemen policewoman----policewomen 2)将主要成分变成复数

looker-on----lookers-on

son-in-law----sons-in-law

3)如果前一词是man, woman,将两部分都变成复数 men doctors

women 小结

grown-up----grown-ups

名词单数变复数规则 【速记口诀】

单数变复数,规则要记住,一般加s,特殊有几处: 【妙语诠释】

①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s,也就是单词如果以ch,sh,s,x等结尾),则一般加es;②以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro,hero)两菜(tomato,potato)加es外,其余一般加s;③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f,fe变为ve再加s;④英语中还有些单词没有规则,需要特殊记忆,如child—children,mouse—mice,deer—deer,sheep—sheep,Chinese—Chinese,ox— oxen,man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—teeth。

(二)名词所有格

1.表示有生命的东西的名词,所有格在名词后加’s Mr Li’s house

The cat’s food

James’ dog

The dogs’ food 2.表示无生命的东西的名词,用of+名词的结构来表示 The leg of the desk

the cover of the magazine 3.在时间,距离,度量,价值等名词后,可用名词所有格。Two months’ time

Today’s newspaper

fifty pounds’ weight 4.表示店铺或某人的家时,常在所有格后省去shop, home.The doctor’s

the tailor’s

my uncle’s

the barber’s 5.名词前有冠词,数词,不定代词或指示代词时,用of词组+所有格表示 a friend of John’s

that bike of Tom’s 6.某样东西为两人或多人共有,在后一个名词尾+’s.Jane and Fred’s mother

Jane’s and Fred’s mother Tom and Tim’s car

Tom’s and Tim’s car 小结

名词所有格用法 【速记口诀】

名词所有格,表物是“谁的”,若为生命词,加“’s”即可行,词尾有s,仅把逗号择;并列名词后,各自和共有,前者分别加,后者最后加;若为无生命词,of所有格,前后须倒置,此是硬规则。【妙语诠释】

①有生命的名词所有格一般加s,但如果名词以s结尾,则只加“’”;②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时,分别加“’s”,如果是共有,则只在最后名词加 “’s”;③如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格,这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同,A of B要翻译为B的A(三)主谓一致

主语是复数,谓语用复数,主语是单数,谓语用单数。He is a student.We are students.1

and 连接两个名词,看有无the.The professor and writer is going to give us a lecture of writing.The professor and the writer are going to our school.2

主语单数+ with/as well as/ but/except/besides/including …+谓语单数

主语复数+ with/as well as/ but/except/besides/including …+谓语复数 A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.3.有些名词复数形式作为一个整体,(如度量,距离,金额,时间,书名等)其谓语动词用单数。Two weeks ___(be)not enough to finish the work.1000 dollars ___(be)a large amount of money.4.There be 句型就近原则。

There ____ a pair of glasses on the desk.There ____ two patients and a nurse in the hospital.5.某些集体名词,如family ,team 等做主语时,若当一个整体看,谓语动词就用单数,若就其中一个一个成员来看,谓语动词就用复数,class , club, audience ,committee , crowd , government , party, public , team 等。其中population 的用法也类似

His family _____(be)a happy family.All the world ________(be)waiting for the good news.6.成双成对构成的东西,如glasses, shoes, chopsticks, scissors等作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,但与a pair一起构成作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

7.each , every+名词,谓语用单数。

Each boy and girl ________(want)to serve the people in the future.8.以 either …or , neither …nor , not only … but also,not…but…等连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数应按照就近原则。

Either you or he ______(be)to go.Not only he but also I ______(be)wrong.9.…几分之几/。。百分之几+of +名词单数 + 谓语单数

…几分之几/。。百分之几+of +名词复数 + 谓语复数 Three-fifths of money _____(have)been used up.10.…one of +复数名词 +谓语复数

篇9:考研英语 语法精解 代词

指示代词

(一)this,that和these,those

指示代词this和that的复数形式分别为these和those,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语,this和these表示较近的空间或时间,that和those表示较远的空间和时间。

例句: In the past, most foresters have been men, but today, the number of women pursuing this field is climbing.

分析: 该句是并列句。

译文: 过去林业工人多半是男人,可如今从事这一行业的妇女人数在增加。

例句: We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. (第62题)

分析: 该句是复合句,主句为We are obliged to them。because引导一个状语从句,定语从句who spoke them修饰the peoples,as引导的句子可以看做插入语,补充说明 some of these languages have since vanished的原因。

译文: 我们之所以感激他们(两位先驱),是因为在此以后,这些语言中有一些已经不复存在了,这是由于使用这些语言的民族或是消亡了,或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。

(二)指示代词that和those也可用于比较结构,表示前面提到的东西,避免重复

例句: The number of registered participants in this year?s marathon was half that of last year?s. (第7题)

分析: 该句是简单句,本句的主语是单数名词number,因此后面指代它的代词只能是单数that,谓语用单数。

译文: 今年登记参加马拉松赛跑的人数是去年的一半。

例句: His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. (第47题)

分析: 该句是复合句,主句为His function is analogous to that of a judge。定语从句who must accept...修饰a judge,介词短语in as obvious a matter as possible作状语,用来说明reveal的方式,另一个定语从句which led him to his decision修饰the course of reasoning。

译文: 他的职责与法官相似,必须承担这样的责任: 用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己作出决定的推理过程。

例句: These bunches of flowers are more beautiful than those we bought yesterday.

译文: 这些束花比昨天我们买的.那些花漂亮多了。

(三)指示代词such在句中作主语、表语和定语

例句: Such is what you want me to do.

Such are the meanings of authentic love.

(such作表语时,往往置于句首)

注意: such用作定语时和副词so的区别在前面副词一节中已提到。

(四)指示代词same的用法

在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,其前与定冠词the连用。

例句: Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements―usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen. (选自19Cloze Test)

分析: 该句是复合句。

译文: 因为是由同样的元素构成――通常是碳、氢、氧,有时还有氮,所以各种维生素都很相似。

六、疑问代词

疑问代词用来构成特殊疑问句,其中who(whom/whose)指人,what指物,which指选择对象。

例句: What?s the difference between love and fondness or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? (选自Text 2)

分析: 该句是由or连接的两个简单句(特殊疑问句)。

译文: 爱情与喜欢有什么区别,幸运和巧合的本质是什么?

七、关系代词

关系代词包括who(whom,whose),that和which。that只能引导限制性定语从句,其他关系代词既可引导限制性定语从句也可引导非限制性定语从句,具体用法详见定语从句一节。

八、不定代词

(一)both,all

1. both用于两者,all用于三者及三者以上,其后接名词复数形式,谓语动词用复数,在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。

例句: Similar elements in the prehistoric remains from both areas suggest that Indians and their neighbors had maintained distant but real connections even before 1,500 BC.

分析: 该句是复合句,suggest是主句的谓语动词,that Indians and their neighbors...是一个宾语从句。

译文: 来自两个地区的史前遗迹中的类似成分表明: 印度人和他们的邻居甚至在公元前15前就维持着遥远但真实的联系。

例句: In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization―with all the far?reaching changes in social patterns that followed―was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. (第74题)

分析: 该句是并列复合句,whereas连接两个并列分句,其中前一个分句的主句部分为the process of industrialization was spread over nearly a century,而介词短语with...为主语补足语,定语从句that followed修饰changes。

译文: 在早先实现工业化的欧洲国家中,其工业化进程以及随之而来的对社会结构有深远影响的变革延续了将近一个世纪,而现如今,一个发展中国家只用十年左右的时间就可以经历同样的过程。

2. all作代词时,其后谓语动词可以是单数也可以是复数。

例句: All the information we have collected in relation to that case adds up to very little.

分析: 该句是复合句,其中主干部分是All the information...adds up to very little,we have collected in relation to that case 是修饰the information的定语从句。

译文: 我们搜集到的与那件事有关的所有信息都是没有意义的。

例句: All but he and I are going to attend the meeting.

译文: 除了我和他之外,所有人都去开会了。

3. both,all,every和not连用时表示部分否定。

例句 :But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system(the“emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. (选自Text 3)

分析: 该句是由分号及while连接的并列句,分号相当于连词and,not all...表示部分否定。

译文: 但并不是大脑的所有部分都参与活动,控制情绪的大脑部位异常活跃,然而控制智力和推理能力的前额皮质却相对平静。

例句: Not everyone sees that process in perspective. (选自Use of English)

分析: 该句是简单句。

译文: 不是每个人都能正确看待这个过程。

(二)either, neither, any, each, none, every, some

1. either和neither是一对反义词,表示“两者中任何一个都(不)”,作名词或形容词。

用法为:

either (neither) of the+复数名词+动词单数

either (neither)+单数名词+动词单数

如:Either/Neither of these stories (either/neither story) he told us is as attractive and instructive as that one.

例句: Neither kind of sleep is at all well?understood, but REM (rapid eye movements) sleep is assumed to serve some restorative function of the brain.

分析: 该句是并列句。

译文: 人们对这两种睡眠都没有完全了解,但认为快速眼动睡眠有使大脑恢复的功能。

2. either指两者中的任何一个,仅限两者,而each用于两者以上;either和both可互换使用,但both强调整体。

例句: The relationship between Latin American music and black music in the United States is evident in the unaccented beats that are common to either/both.

分析: 该句是复合句,定语从句that are common to either/both修饰beats。

译文: 拉丁美洲音乐同美国黑人音乐的关系明显地表现在这两种音乐各自存在着无重音 节拍这一共同点上。

例句: We also expect each place to be appropriate to its use.

分析: 该句是简单句。

译文: 我们也希望每个地方都恰如其分。

3. any和none是一对反义词,表示“三者或三者以上中的任何一个都(不)”,其后谓语动词 的单复数参看例句。

例句: Although Professor Green?s lectures usually run over the fifty?minute period, none of his students ever object(s)as they find his lectures both informative and interesting.

分析: 该句是复合句。

译文: 虽然格林教授的课通常超过规定的50分钟,但他的学生从无一人表示反对,因为他们发现格林的课既富有知识性又有趣。

篇10:英语语法学习:连接代词

who、whoever、whom、whomever、whose、what、whatever、which、whichever等。

连接代词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和状语从句,具体用法如下:

1、连接代词引导主语从句,例如:

Who broke the window is still unknown.

是谁打破了玻璃还不知道。

Whoever says that is a liar.

说那话的人是骗子。

Whom we should invite is not clear.

我们应该邀请谁还不清楚。

Whomever I love is none of your business.

我爱谁与你无关。

What we should do depends on you.

我们该做什么取决于你。

Whatever you said is right.

无论你说什么都是对的。

Whichever of you comes first will get a cake.

你们谁第一谁就能得到一个蛋糕。

2、连接代词引导宾语从句,例如:

I don’t know who you are looking for.

我不知道你在找谁。

Do you know whose is the dress on the chair?

你知道椅子上的裙子是谁的吗?

No one knows what will happen next.

谁也不知道接下来会发生什么事。

I want whatever you have.

我想要你所拥有的一切。

You can take whichever hat you like.

你喜欢哪顶帽子就拿哪顶吧。

3、连接代词引导表语从句,例如:

The question is whom you plan to write to.

问题是你想给谁写信?

This is what we can do now.

这就是我们现在能做的。

What I want is whatever you have.

我想要的是你所拥有的一切。

4、连接代词引导状语从句,例如:

Whatever you do, I will support you.

无论你做什么,我都支持你。

Whichever route you take, it takes three hours.

无论走哪条路,都要三小时。

Whoever wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them I am busy.

不管谁要我接电话,就说我现在正忙着呢。

篇11:大学英语六级语法基础:关系代词

(1)作主语(who, that )

Those who are going to play in the match are to meet at the gate at 1:30 after lunch. 那些参加比赛的人午饭后1:30在大门口集合。

在本句中,先行词是those;关系代词who引导定语从句,同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词are going to play 的主语。

The man who/that is talking with Mr. Wang is a famous doctor. 正在和王先生说话的那个人是一个有名的医生。

在本句中,先行词是the man;关系代词who/that引导定语从句,同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词is talking的主语。

这个复合句可以还原成两个句子:The man is a famous doctor. He is talking with Mr. Wang.

(2)作宾语包括作介词宾语(whom, that )。此种情况下的关系代词可以省略;

This is just the man(whom/that) I want for the job.这正是我要的做这份工作的人。

在本句中,先行词是the man;关系代词whom/that 引导定语从句,同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词want 的宾语。

(3)当关系代词紧跟介词作介词宾语时,不能用that,也不能省略,

如:The book from which I got a lot of useful information was written by a famous scientist.

我从中得到许多有用信息的那本书是一位著名科学家写的。

但是当介词放在从句末尾时,作为介词宾语的关系代词可以用that 并且可以省略。

如上头两句可改为:

The book (that /which) I got a lot of information from was written by a famous scientist.

2.指物的关系代词which和that的用法:

(1)作主语

This is the instruction manual which/that tells you how to operate the computer. 这是那本教你如何操作计算机的说明手册。

(2)作宾语包括作介词宾馆。此种情况下的关系代词可以省略:

The chair (which /that) you broke yesterday is now being repaired. 你昨天弄坏的那把椅子现在正在修理。

The accounts of the company, (which/that) I’ve been paying great attention to, are in balance.

我一直非常注意的公司账目,是保持平衡的。

3.whose 和of which 指代人或事物,作定语。

of which 可用whose 代替; The car whose lights (of which the lights/the lights of which) were all broken was my father’s.

那辆所有的灯都破了的汽车是我父亲的。

That is the book whose cover (of which the cover/the cover of which ) was broken. 这就是那本封皮破了的书。

4.关系代词的格应与它在从句中充当的成分一致。

特别要注意插入语,

如:Peter is the one who everybody believes will fail to bring off the contract. Peter 是那个人人都认为不能完成合同的人。(everybody believes 是插入语) At the election I voted for the man whom I believed to be the most suitable. 在选举的时候我投了我认为最合适的那个人的票。

5.关系代词作从句的主语时,从句的动词必须和先行词的人称和数一致

例:These are the operating instructions that/which are written in English 。 这就是用英文写成的使用说明。

6.非限定性定语从句不用that,只用who(whose, whom)和which代表人和物

例:Her brothers, both of whom work in America, ring her up every week。 她的兄弟们两个人都在美国工作每个星期都给她打电话。

7.关系副词(=介词+关系代词)

关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 说明 when(=at / on / in /during which),非正式文体中,有时用that代替关系副词

where(=in / at which) 地点名词 地点状语

why=(for which) 只有reason 原因状语

例:I shall never forget the day when (=on which) we first met. 我永远也不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。

1.关于大学英语六级语法常考知识讲解

2.大学英语六级语法练习题

3.大学英语六级语法常考知识讲解

4.大学英语六级常考单词语法讲解

5.大学英语六级语法重点

6.6月英语六级基础语法知识:alive

7.英语六级基础语法知识

8.20英语六级基础语法知识:besides

9.大学英语六级语法讲解之基数词和序数词

篇12:英语相互代词的语法学习

一、人称代词

(一)人称代词的主格、宾格

人称代词的主格在句中作主语、表语,宾格作及物动词或介词的宾语,主格和宾格不可混用。

例句: When school was over,Jack and me went home together.分析: me应改为I,因为它处在主语的位置上。

例句: Each cigarette which a person smokes does some harm, and eventually he may get a serious disease from its effect.(1996年第14题)

分析: 该句是复合句,其中which a person smokes是修饰each cigarette的定语从句,he指代前面的a person。

译文: 一个人吸的每一支烟都对他的身体有害,最终他将因吸烟患上一种严重的疾病。

(二)it的用法

1.代替除人以外的一切生物或事物(可代替单个词、词组或句子)。

例句: The ideal listener stays both inside and outside the music at the moment it is played and enjoys it almost as much as the composer at the moment he composes.(2000年第19题)

分析: 该句是复合句,其中he composes是省略了关系代词which/that的定语从句,修饰the moment, 而almost as much as the composer作状语修饰enjoys。

译文: 理想的听众是当音乐奏响时既能置身其中又可超然其外的人,并且几乎可以像作曲家在创作音乐时那样享受音乐。

例句: You have saved my life and I will never forget it.分析: it指you have saved my life。

译文: 你曾经挽救过我的生命,我决不会忘记这件事。

2.表示时间、距离、天气等自然现象。

例句: It is time now to tell the Americans they are on the wrong track.译文: 现在是时候告诉美国人他们走错路了。

例句: She didn’t come back until it was 12:00.中公考研 http://

给人改变未来的力量

译文: 直到12点她才回来。

例句: It is about 50 miles to school.译文: 到学校大概50英里。

3.作形式主语(真正的主语为动名词、不定式或主语从句)

例句: But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free,happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small,subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience.(选自2011年Text 4)

分析: 该句是复合句。其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是to wonder if the images aren’t contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience;we see every week of stress-free,happiness-enhancing parenthood是一个定语从句,修饰the images;介词短语in some small,subconscious way作状语,表示方式。

译文: 我们想知道每周看到的“毫无压力、提升幸福感”的为人父母形象是否在以某种细微的、潜意识的方式加剧我们对现行生活体验的不满呢?这很有意思。

例句: In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.(2007年第49题)

分析: 该句是复合句。it是形式主语,定语从句who do not have a clear grasp...Constitution修饰journalists,can do是宾语从句how...的谓语部分。

译文: 事实上,很难想象那些对加拿大宪法的基本要点缺乏清晰了解的新闻记者能胜任政治新闻的报道工作。

4.作形式宾语

例句: The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.(选自2011年Text 2)

分析: 该句是简单句。其中it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是to be between jobs or to leave a bad one,more acceptable作宾语补足语。

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译文: 金融危机已经使得等待工作机会或者辞去糟糕的工作这种行为更容易被人接受了。

例句: There are over 100 night schools in the city, making it possible for a professional to be reeducated no matter what he does.(1998年第7题)

分析: 该句是简单句。no matter what he does在句中作状语,表示让步,分词短语making...作over 100 night schools的补足语。

译文: 这个城市有100多所夜校,这使得专业人员无论从事什么工作都有可能接受再教育。

5.引出强调句(强调谓语以外的其他成分)

用强调句型: It is/was+被强调部分+that(who/whom/which)+其他部分,被强调部分常为主语(从句)、宾语(从句)、状语(从句),强调状语时不能用when或where,要用that,翻译成汉语时被强调部分常用“是”、“正是”等来表示强调含义。判断是不是强调句的标准是去掉“it is/was”和“that(who/whom/which)”,如果余下部分是一个完整的句子,说明原句是一个强调句,否则就是一个由it作形式主语的句子。

例句: It was during the same time that the communications revolution speeded up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading on through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures into the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane.(选自2002年Use of English)

分析: 该句是复合句。分词短语beginning with...作主语the communications revolution的补足语,该强调句强调状语during the same time。

译文: 与此同时,通讯革命也在加速发展,从交通运输、铁路开始,发展到电报、电话、无线电和电影再到20世纪的汽车和飞机。

例句: Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.(选自1998年Text 1)

分析: 该句是简单句。句子主干为humankind’s long suffering...makes...so fascinating。其中短语at the mercy of...意为“听凭„„摆布,完全受„„支配”。

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译文: 也许正是由于人类长期听任旱涝之灾的摆布,才使得让洪水听从人类的调遣这种理想令人如此痴迷。

二、物主代词

(一)物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词

形容词性物主代词只能修饰名词而不能代替名词,而名词性物主代词可以代替名词词组,即“形容词性物主代词+前面所提到的名词”。

例句: All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read affectionate letters from their families.(1998年第35题)

分析: 该句是复合句。出现了as引导的时间状语从句。

译文: 海洋石油勘探队员们读情深意浓的家书时个个情绪高涨。

例句: He does not qualify as a teacher of English as his pronunciation is terrible, but hers is quite good.分析: 该句是并列句。第一部分是个复合句,出现了as引导的原因状语从句。

译文: 他因为糟糕的发音而不够资格当英文老师,但她的发音却非常好。

(二)不同性别的形容词性物主代词修饰名词

如:不同性别的形容词性物主代词同时修饰一个名词时,男性物主代词置于女性物主代词前。

例句: Who do you like best,his or her friends?

译文: 你最喜欢他的还是她的朋友?

(三)名词性物主代词(除its外)可与介词of搭配,构成双重所有格

a/an/some/any/no/another/each/such/several/which/this/that/these/those+名词+of+名词性物主代词。

如:

a book of mine

no fault of hers

that pen of his 中公考研 http://

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例句: In March 1998, a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for additions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problems.(选自2006年Part B)

分析: 该句是简单句。got和wrote是两个并列的谓语动词。

译文: 1998年3月,威廉姆斯的一个朋友把他强行送入一家戒赌治疗中心,并写信通知赌场有关威廉姆斯的赌博问题。

三、反身代词

反身代词在句中作宾语、表语和同位语,使用时注意反身代词与其指代对象在人称、数和性上保持一致。

例句: According to one belief, if truth is to be known, it will make itself apparent, so one had better wait instead of searching for it.(2001年第3题)

分析: 该句是复合句,其中had better+ do意为“最好做某事”。

译文: 按照一种观点,真理若想众人皆知,真理就应该显而易见,所以人们最好是等待而不是去探寻它。

例句: Prof.White, my respected tutor, frequently reminds me to avail myself of every chance to improve my English.(1999年第35题)

分析: 该句是简单句。avail oneself of...意为“利用(机会等)”。

译文: 我敬爱的导师怀特教授经常提醒我抓住每个机会提高英语水平。

例句: The house belongs to myself.(作介词宾语)

You yourself did wrong to him.(作同位语)

四、相互代词

相互代词只有each other和one another两种,通常前者表示两者之间的相互关系,后者表示两者以上的人或事物之间的相互关系。

例句: Language, culture, and personality may be considered independently of each other in thought,but they are inseparable in fact.(1996年第31题)

分析: 该句是由but引导的并列句。

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译文: 在意识形态中,语言、文化和个性可能被认为是相互独立的,但事实上它们是不可分割的。

例句: In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.(2005年第47题)

分析: 该句是复合句。句子主干为multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups。定语从句which bring together...修饰groups,其中television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses作bring的宾语,即bring...together, 另一个定语从句that work in relation to one another修饰其前面的几个名词。

译文: 在欧洲,像在其他地方一样,传媒集团扩张越来越成功,这些集团将相关的电视、广播、报纸、杂志和出版社组合在一起。

注意: 相互代词的所有格形式为each other’s,one another’s,其后接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式,不能接单数可数名词。

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