口译教程基础词汇

口译教程基础词汇（精选6篇）

篇1：口译教程基础词汇

大会发言 第一篇

20国集团 g 20(group of 20)央行行长 Central Bank Governor 生物科技 bio-technology 科技进步日新月异 science and technology have been making continuous progress 金融风暴 financial turbulence 贸易壁垒 trade barriers 保护主义 protectionism 取长补短 make full use of favorable condition and promote complementarity 注入新的活力 inject new vitality to 关税 tariff 减免债务 debt relief 优惠贷款 concessional load 转轨国家 countries in transition 灵活务实 flexible and pragmatic 由温饱到小康 a period of having only basic needs met to a comfortable life 历史性跨越 a historic breakthrough 底子薄 weak economic basis 全面建设小康社会 build a moderately prosperous society in an all-around way 科学发展观 the guideline of scientific development 扩大内须 expand domestic demand 科技含量高 high scientific and technological content 转变经济增长方式 the transformation of the economic growth mode 提高自主创新能力 enhance innovative ability 促进城乡区域协调发展 facilitate a balanced development between rural and urban areas 以人为本 people-centered 顺应时代潮流 as a response to the trend of our times

大会发言 第二篇

in an atmosphere of learning 在学术气氛中 incubator 孵卵器 inception 涌现 undergrad 大学生 reengineer 调整

reduce inventory 缩短开发周期 cumulative 日积月累 compound rate 复利率 operating margin 营业利率 turnover 周转次数

outstanding receivable 未清应收帐 strategic sourcing initiative 开源节流战略 customer-driven 以顾客为驱动力 service-oriented 服务型 put a new premium on 高度重视 managerial competence 管理能力 Fortune 500 companies 财富500强 expertise 专门技术 win-win thinking 双赢思维 group synergy 协作精神

hold sb.accountable for 让……放手做 hold a grudge against 怀恨在心

篇2：口译教程基础词汇

P2 The eleventh five-year plan is a crucial strategic period for upgrading china’s tourism which will be faced with new opportunities and challenges.The tourism industry is continuously raising its status in the national economy.Currently, 24 provincial-cities have promoted tourism as their pillar, pioneering or crucial industry with the further optimization of the macro-environment of tourism.Accompanied by the progress of the development of the well-of society, the per capita GDP in china will jump from 1000 dollars to 3000 dollars, thus leading to a dramatically increased demand for tourism consumption.This constitutes the paramount driving force behind the sustainable bloom in china’s tourism.“十一五”是中国旅游业发展的重要战略提升期，面临着心得发展机遇和挑战。目前旅游业在国民经济中的地位不断提升，目前全国有24个省区市把旅游业定位为支柱产业、先导产业或重要产业，旅游业发展的宏观环境将进一步得到优化。随着全面建设小康社会的推进，中国人均生产总值将由1000美元向3000美元跨越，旅游消费需求将大幅度提升。这是中国旅游业持续兴旺的重要动力。

P3 随着旅游业综合功能的进一步加强，在扩大内需、拉动投资、带动脱贫，促进区域经济发展和城镇化建设等方面也将发挥更为积极的作用。“十一五”期间，中国将促进旅游产业体系建设，全面提升旅游产业素质，综合发挥旅游产业功能，把旅游业培养成为国民经济的重要产业。为建设世界旅游强国夯实基础，为全面建设小康社会，构建和谐社会作出积极贡献。

While seeing its strengthened comprehensive functions, tourism industry has a further active role to play in expanding domestic demand, attracting investment, helping shake off the poverty and giving impetus to regional economic development and urbanization development, etc.In the run of the eleventh Five-year Plan, China will push forward the development of the tourism industry system, improve the comprehensive tourism quality and give full play to tourism industrial function.In this way, tourism can become an important industry in the national economy, which lays a solid foundation for developing a world tourism power and contributes a great deal to creating a well-off and harmonious society.P4 徐霞客使中国明代伟大的地理学家，探险旅行家和游记文学家。他探人所未知，达人所未达，写下了不朽的《徐霞客游记》，被誉为东方的“马可波罗”，其传奇生涯对中国旅游产生了巨大影响。由中华人民共和国国家旅游局和江苏省人民政府主办“中国徐霞客国际旅游节”于2006年5月19日至5月26日在徐霞客故里中国无锡举行。

Xuxiake, the great geographer, explorer and writer in the Ming Dynasty of China, spent his life in travelling and discovering the vast land of china with the spirit of “traveling without boundaries” and finally accomplished the immortal masterpiece, the Xuxiake travelogue.Acknowledged as the “Marco Polo” in the east, his legendary life have left great influence on china’s tourism.“The China Xuxiake international tourism festival “was held in Wuxi, the hometown of Xuxiake, from may 19 to may 26,2006.This festival was co-hosted by the national tourism administration of People’s Republic of china and Jiangsu people’s government.Unit 2 P1 There are a large number of different service companies involved in the convention and exhibition industry including stand constructors, insurance companies, freight forwarders, travel agents, and hotels.However, the central role played by event organizers in bring together all these services makes them the most important industry service providers.In general the larger international organizations have a wide variety of shows whereas the smaller organizers tend to specialize in organizing similar shows in different locations.This enables them to leverage more business from exhibitors and establish themselves as experts in the field.会展业务中有很多不同的服务公司，如展位搭建商、保险公司、货代、旅行社以及酒店等。但是由于展会组织者扮演着将各种服务提供商聚集在一起的角色，因而展会组织者是展会业务中最重要的服务提供商。总的来说，大的组展商会组织一系列不同主题的展会，而小的展会组织者则趋向于在不同的地方组织类似的展会。这样使得他们能从参展商中获得更多的业务，并建立其特定的行业专家地位。

P2 The growth of the internet as a learning and information resource completely changes everything the exhibition industry has had before.Customers no longer rely upon exhibitions to determine what their options may be.They can gather information independently from us, often information of quality and depth that is better than anything we could ever hope to deliver.This means that we must create unique and valuable information resources about the industry that our events serve.We must truly understand what is important to our customers.We must assist our customers by pointing them in many different directions to gather the information that they want and need.因特网作为学习和信息资源的发展彻底改变了展会业以前的面貌。客户不再依赖展会来决定他们的选择。他们可以独立的从我们这儿得到信息，并且所获得信息的质量和深度比我们想象的还要好得多。这意味着我们必须能够提供展会所服务行业的独特并富有价值的信息。我们必须了解对客户来说哪些是真正重要的东西。我们必须向我们的顾客指出获取有用信息的不同的方式。

P3 香港是亚太地区重要的会展中心城市，一直以来也在发挥着内地与海外经贸联系的桥梁作用，每年举办的专业展览会80多项，吸引参展企业2万家，举办大型会议420多个，吸引来自世界各地的与会代表多达3.7万人和世界各地超过330万观众到港。会展业已成为香港的重要支柱产业之一。随着去年年底亚洲博览馆的投入使用，香港的会展业竞争力又有了一个新的提升。

Hong Kong is an important exhibition and conference center in Asia Pacific Region, and always plays as the bridge for economic and trade exchanges between the Mainland and overseas areas.There are more than 80 exhibitions and 420 conventions held every year, attracting more than 20000 exhibitors, 37000 delegates and 3.3million visitors from all over the world.Convention and exhibition industry is one of Hong Kong’s pile industries.Along with the opening of Asia World-Expo in the east of last year, the competitiveness of the conference and exhibition industry of Hong Kong has been upgraded.P4 展览业的国际化是展览业走向成熟的标志，展览会是推动国际贸易和经济技术合作的重要平台，展览业的国际化是展览业发展的必然趋势。国际贸易和经济技术合作的发展需要展览业的国际化，展览业的国际化又助推国际贸易和经济技术合作的发展，两者相互依存，又互相促进。

The internationalization is the symbol of the maturation of the exhibition sector, exhibitions are very important platforms of promoting the international business, and cooperation of economy and technology, the internationalization is the necessary trend of the development of the exhibitions.The development of the international business and the cooperation of economy and technology urges the internationalization of the exhibition sector, in the meanwhile the internationalization of the exhibition sector also promotes the development of the international business and the cooperation of the economy and technology, the two depend on each other and promote each other.Unit3 P1

Many years ago the world may have worried about the rise of China.Now it welcomes this as truly an opportunity for us all.China’s engagement in the world economy is strengthening, as well as the partnership between our two nations.British trade with china has doubled over the last year alone.This growth is faster than that of any other G8 countries.British is also the largest European investor in China.许多年前世界担心中国的腾飞，现在事实上，中国的经济发展对我们所有人来说都是一个机遇。中国再进一步参与全球经济，而我们两国的伙伴关系也进一步加深。中英贸易在过去5年中翻了一番，这一增长在八国集团国家中是增长最快的。英国在中国的投资也居欧洲国家之首。

P2

The cooperation is a natural step for both companies as they both share the same science-based culture as well as a common vision concerning the future of the industry.The benefits are many.For example, it will be able to deliver the full potential of the existing and future products through the joint strength and worldwide presence of the global sales and marketing operation of two companies.本次合作对两家公司而言都是自然的发展步骤，因为双方享有同样的以科技为本的文化，并对本行业发展有着相同的理念。这一举措带来的收益是很大的。例如，通过联合双方在全球范围内的销售和市场营销运作的强势，可以充分挖掘现有和未来产品的潜力。

P3 澳大利亚有着丰富的资源、发达的经济和先进的技术，中国有着众多的人口、巨大的市场和发展潜力，经济互补性很强。建立中澳长期稳定的经贸合作关系，符合两国和两国人民的根本利益。今天，我同霍华德总理进行富有成果的会谈，就发展中澳21世纪互利共赢的经贸合作关系达成广泛共识。我们一致同意扩大在贸易、投资、能源、矿产资源等领域的合作加快中澳自由贸易区的谈判进程，实现互利共赢。

Australia enjoys rich resources, a developed economy and advanced technology, whereas china has a larger population, a huge market and tremendous potential for development.Our economies are highly complementary.A long-term and stable business cooperation between China and Australia serves the fundamental interests of both countries and peoples.Prime minister john Howard and I had fruitful discussions today and we reached broad agreement on developing China-Australia business cooperation for mutual benefit and win-win outcome in the 21st century.We both agreed to expand our cooperation in trade, investment, energy, mining resources and other fields to accelerate the China-Australia FTA negotiations for mutual benefit and common progress.P4 中美经贸合作发展迅速，中国已成为美国第三大贸易伙伴和增长最快的出口市场，美国则是中国第二大贸易合作伙伴和最大外资来源地。中美经贸合作不仅给两国人民带来了巨大的实惠，也促进了世界经济增长。中国大量价廉物美的产品出口到美国，缓解了美国的通胀压力，每年为美国消费者节省近200亿美元。美国的资金、技术和管理经验为中国经济注入了活力。中国很多年轻人打的是摩托罗拉手机，用的是戴尔、康柏笔记本电脑，与朋友相聚在星巴克、麦当劳或肯德基。

With the rapidly growing Sino-U.S.economy cooperation, China has become the third largest trading partner and the fastest-growing export market of the United States, while the U.S.is now China’s second largest trading partner and top source of FDI.Such cooperation has not only delivered enormous tangible benefits to the two peoples but also boosted economic growth across the world.The import by the U.S.of larger amounts of Chinese products of good quality and low prices has alleviated the inflation pressure and saved American consumers nearly U.S.$20 billion every year.American capital, technology and managerial expertise, in turn, have instilled vitality into the Chinese economy.Many young Chinese are making calls with Motorola cell phones, working with Dell or Compaq laptops, and hanging out with friends in Starbucks , McDonald’s or KFC.Unit4 P1 The current global environment is, taken as a whole, as promising as it has been for the last few years.Last year’s growth performance was impressive by any standard.And low inflation globally has provided a significantly improved environment for economic policymaking.But there are clouds on the horizon: continuing geopolitical uncertainly;the global payments imbalances;uncomfortably high energy prices.The old adage is true---it really does make sense to fix the roof while the sun is shining.Longer term stability will only come if governments follow prudent fiscal polices and undertake reforms during good times.总体来说目前的国际环境与过去的几年一样令人乐观。无论用什么标准来看，去年的经济增长都很出色。全球的低通货膨胀率为经济政策的制定显著改善了环境。然而天边也有阴云：地缘政治的不确定性持续不断，全球收支失衡依然存在，高昂的油价令人担忧。古话说得好，未雨绸缪很有必要。只有政府采取谨慎的财政政策并在经济景气的时候进行改革才能获得长期稳定。

P2 Last year was the best year for global GDP growth in decades.Most parts of the world recorded improved growth performance.The prospects for this year remain favorable, although growth is likely to be at a slower, more sustainable pace: it is projected to fall from about 5% to under 4.5% this year.Global trade has also recovered strongly since the downturn in 2001, and continues to be an important engine of growth: it is currently expanding at something close to twice the rate of growth of the world GDP.去年是十几年来全球总值增长最快的一年。世界大部分地区都有进一步增长。今年的前景看来也很乐观，尽管增长速度可能会稍微慢一些，持续性会更强一些。预计今年的增长率会从5%下降到不足4.5%。全球贸易自从2001年低迷时期以后也反弹强劲，并且继续成为增长的重要动力：目前的增长速度几乎是全球国内生产总值的两倍。

P3 亚洲有49个国家和地区，大部分是发展经济体。全球经济化，有利于它们更多地获得资金，尤其是跨国公司的直接投资，加快经济发展和结构调整；有利于他们更好的利用自身优势，开拓国际市场，发展对外经济贸易；有利于他们更快的得到先进技术、管理经验，发挥后发优势，实现技术跨越。

There are 49 countries and regions in Asia, and most of them are developing economies.Economic globalization will benefit them in the following manner: it will facilitate their access to more capital, especially direct investment from multinationals, which will enable them to speed up their economic development and restructuring.It will encourage them acquire and exploit new markets and develop foreign trade and economic cooperation with other countries by giving full play to their advantages.Furthermore, it will enable them to acquire advanced technologies and management expertise more quickly so that they will be able to make better use of their advantages as late starters and attain technological progress by leaps and bounds.P 4 同时也必须看到，经济全球化是一把双刃剑。由于不合理、不公正的国际政治经济秩序没有得到根本改变，经济全球化加剧了各国各地区发展不平衡性。尤其是使南北的发展差距，贫富差距进一步扩大。经济全球化也使发展中国家更容易受到外部经济波动和金融危机的影响。上个世纪90年代末发生的亚洲金融危机，就是亚洲一些国家和地区受到猛烈冲击。

At the same time, it must be noted that economic globalization is a double-edge sword.As the unfair and unreasonable international political and economic order has not been fundamentally changed yet, economic globalization has exacerbated the uneven development among countries and regions and widened, in particular, the gap between the North and the South and between the rich and the poor.It has also made developing countries more vulnerable to the impact of external economic turmoil and financial crisis, as evidenced by the grave impact of the Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s on some Asian countries and regions.Unit 5 Mr.President, Madam Liu, Laura and I are honored to welcome you and your delegation to the White House.It’s a pleasure to have you here, along with our other distinguished guests.In 2008, China will welcome athletes from all over the world as your great nation hosts the summer Olympics.Beijing will showcase China’s transformation and demonstrate China’s commitment to the international institutions that make fair and peaceful competition possible for all nations.Mr.President, I thank you for the constructive and candid conversations we had this morning.I appreciate the opportunity to expand the dialogue between our two great nations.And Mr.President, I’m pleased to offer a toast to you and to your gracious wife, and to the people of China.主席阁下，刘女士，劳拉和我非常荣幸欢迎您和您的代表团来到白宫。非常高兴您还有其他尊贵的朋友能来到白宫。2008年中国举办奥运会，届时来自世界各地的运动员将齐聚中国。北京将向世人展示中国的转变，展示中国致力于建立一个对于所有国家都公正和平的竞争环境的承诺。主席阁下，感谢您今天早上与我进行了坦诚并富有建设性的谈话。我十分珍惜在我们两个伟大国家之间进一步拓宽对话的机会。主席阁下，让我们为您、为您的尊贵的夫人、为中国人民干杯！

P 2 Today, I am delighted to have this opportunity to attend the Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum, and discuss with distinguished statesman, entrepreneurs and scholars from many countries the prospect of the world economy in the 1990s.Please allow me to extend my greetings to the President to the President of the Annual Meeting and all the ladies and gentlemen present here.My greetings also go to government and people of our host, the Swiss Confederation.我今天十分高兴有机会参加世界经济论坛年会，与来自各国的政治家、企业家和学者们讨论90年代世界经济形势展望，请允许我向大会主席，以及与会的女士们、先生们致意；同时还要向东道主瑞士政府和人民致意。

篇3：口译教程基础词汇

《英汉商务口译》这门课程在我校开设已近四年了, 开课以来, 一直使用由上海外国语大学梅德明教授编写并由上海外语教育出版社出版的《中级口译教程》。这是一本时代感很强、语言非常优美地道的口译教材, 值得学习。在这门课的教学过程中, 由于时间有限 (每周只有两节课) , 只选用了其中的小部分内容, 而且本书对于我校很多学生 (高职院校英语专业) 来说难度偏高。学生企盼有一套适合他们水平及学习时间的教材, 因此, 我依据四年来的教学经验编写了这本英汉商务口译基础教材, 以适应我校这门课的教学及我校学生的英语水平。

这学期我聆听了浙江工商大学陈明瑶教授的《特殊用途英语》这门课, 有诸多收获, 想结合从这门课所学习的理论分析我所编写的这本教材的优势及不足之处, 以便对本教材作一些修订, 更好地为以后该门课的教学服务。

二、课程设计、大纲及教材

本书共分十个单元, 第一单元是口译概述, 后面的九个单元分别针对商务口译的常见场合提供了适量的口译培训内容。这些场合包括:接待口译 (Interpreting for Reception Service) 、会谈口译 (Interpreting Conversations) 、访谈口译 (Interpreting Interviews) 、礼仪口译 (Interpreting Ceremonial Speeches) 、介绍口译 (Interpreting Informative Speeches) 及商务口译 (Interpreting Business Speeches) 。而后面三个场合根据目的语不同又分英汉和汉英两个方向。这九个单元的编写结构包括热身听力 (Warm-up Listening) 、句子听译 (Listen and Interpret the Following Sentences) 、词汇预习 (Vocabulary Work) 、课文口译 (Text for Interpretation) 、口译笔记 (Notes for the Interpretation) 、口译技巧总结 (Developing Skills) 、词汇扩展 (Expand Your Vocabulary) 、句子精练 (Sentences in Focus) 、牛刀小试 (Give It a Try) 、强化练习 (Consolidation Exercises) 十个部分。第一部分的“热身听力”主要让学生听一些真实生动的英语原声录音, 以进一步提高学生的英语听力, 学生可练习重述或听写, 因为只有先听懂才可能口译出来;第二部分的“句子听译”直接摘自中级口译的考题录音, 目的是让学生练习做笔记并做一些非常基础的句子口译;第三部分的“词汇预习”是为后一部分的“课文口译”扫除词汇障碍;之后就可以比较顺利地做课文的口译;第五部分的“口译笔记”所留空白是方便学生在口译操练和教师讲解时做一些笔记;第六部分的“口译技巧总结”则是在教师结合课文口译讲解口译技巧时, 学生可做一些有关口译技巧的笔记, 以便课后反思及运用;第七部分的“词汇扩展”是帮助学生扩大各个口译场合的常见短语和表达法;第八部分的“句子精练”是对各口译场合常见句型及难点句子的口译练习, 便于学生在课后做口译练习;第九部分的“牛刀小试”则是加大这一课后操练的难度, 为学生提供更多的口译练习;最后一部分的强化练习包括较高难度的听写、阅读训练及笔译练习, 这些都是从历年上海市英语中级口译考试的真题中选取的, 目的是为了提高学生的口译综合能力, 并方便部分有抱负的学生备考中级口译考试。本书的附录中还介绍了上海市英语中级口译考试中口译测试的要求、题型和形式, 并提供了3套口译测试模拟试卷供学生测试;附录中还补充了其他方面常见的词汇和表达方式。这一编排体例凝聚了我四年来的教学经验, 既吸取了其他口译教材的优点, 也弥补了其他口译教材的不足, 包含了我的一些创新, 相信对有效提高学生的口译能力和英语水平有很大的帮助。

本书的课程设计很好地遵循了Tom Hutchinson和Allen Waters在他们所编写的《特殊用途英语》中所提出的原则。学习理论 (Theory of Learning) 方面, 本书的编写遵循了1.Behaviorism:learning as habit formation, 每单元第二部分的课文口译提供了富有时代气息的供学生反复操练的口译材料;2.Cognitive code:learners as thinking beings, 如每单元Consolidation Exercise的笔译练习, 第十单元的这部分就涉及了上海世博会的内容。从课程设计的方法来说 (Approaches to Course Design) , 本教材既采用了skill-centered course design (介绍了大量的口译技巧并反复操练这些技巧) , 也采用了learning-centered course design (课堂上始终以学习者为中心, 教师主要起到一个指导的作用。) 在大纲设计方面, 本教材也特别注意了materials syllabus及learner syllabus, 针对学生选用了生动且实用的教学材料。

三、样例单元分析及教师和学习者使用说明

本教材的总体结构是按照口译实践的真实场景及程序设计的, 第一单元是口译概述, 让学生对口译的定义、特点、口译的今昔及口译难点有一个完整的了解, 之后在第二单元是接待口译 (比如去机场迎接外宾) , 第三单元是会谈口译 (如外宾到达之后的简单会谈口译) , 第四单元是访谈口译 (如外宾到达之后的简单采访) , 第五、六单元是礼仪口译 (比如在接待宴会上的讲话) , 第七、八单元是介绍口译 (如对公司情况的介绍) , 第九、十单元是商务口译 (涉及中外商务谈判这一实质内容, 是本书的重中之重) 。这样的设计完全符合中外交流的程序, 科学且易理解。

至于每个单元的设计体例在前面已作了简短说明, 这里结合教师和学习者对教材的使用作进一步的说明。后九个单元的编写结构包括热身听力 (Warm-up Listening) 、句子听译 (Listen and Interpret the Following Sentences) 、词汇预习 (Vocabulary Work) 、课文口译 (Text for Interpretation) 、口译笔记 (Notes for the Interpretation) 、口译技巧总结 (Developing Skills) 、词汇扩展 (Expand Your Vocabulary) 、句子精练 (Sentences in Focus) 、牛刀小试 (Give It a Try) 、强化练习 (Consolidation Exercises) 十个部分。第一部分的“热身听力”主要让学生听一些真实生动的英语原声录音, 以进一步提高学生的英语听力, 学生可练习重述或听写, 因为只有先听懂才可能口译出来。该部分材料很多来自于张明伦编写的《听力入门》第一至四册的内容, 也可使用可可听力网上每天的VOA或BBC的广播录音;第二部分的“句子听译”直接摘自中级口译的考题录音, 目的是让学生练习做笔记并做一些非常基础的句子口译, 学生要学会一些做笔记的技巧并掌握一些常见的速记符号。第三部分的“词汇预习”是为后一部分的“课文口译”扫除词汇障碍;之后就可以比较顺利地做课文的口译;第五部分的“口译笔记”所留空白是方便学生在口译操练和教师讲解时做一些笔记, 比如记下一些重要表达方法及难点句子的理解;第六部分的“口译技巧总结”则是在教师结合课文口译讲解口译技巧时学生可做一些有关口译技巧的笔记, 以便课后反思及运用;第七部分的“词汇扩展”是帮助学生扩大各个口译场合的常见短语和表达法, 该部分十分重要, 学生课后需花必要的时间熟练掌握;第八部分的“句子精练”是对各口译场合常见句型及难点句子的口译练习, 便于学生在课后做口译练习;第九部分的“牛刀小试”则是加大这一课后操练的难度, 为学生提供更多的口译练习;最后一部分的强化练习包括较高难度的听写、阅读训练及笔译练习, 这些都是从历年上海市英语中级口译考试的真题中选取的, 目的是为了提高学生的口译综合能力, 并方便部分有抱负的学生备考上海中级口译考试。本书的附录中还补充了其他方面常见的词汇和表达方式, 帮助学生掌握大量生动且有用的词汇, 如各类世界著名品牌、全球著名企业及联合国主要机构一览等。

需要指出的是, 课堂上教师需要充分使用Tom Hutchinson和Allen Waters所提出的ESP教学方法 (如variety, prediction, enjoyment, involvement creativity, atmosphere) 充分调动学生的积极性, 给学生大量的时间进行口译的操练, 而不是以教师的讲解为主;课后学生也需要挤出尽可能多的时间和自己的口译对子进行练习, 只有通过足够的练习才能达到完美。

四、结语

这篇论文结合Tom Hutchinson和Allen Waters所提出的ESP的教材编写及教学原则对我个人所编写的ESP教材《英汉商务口译基础教程》的编写原则及思路作了一个比较详细的说明, 提出了该教材编写的一些优点, 但这本教材还有一些需要改进的地方, 如增加课文口译的材料及各个场合常用的口译词汇, 补充一些口译技巧的讲解及举例说明等, 更好地为教师和学习者所使用。

参考文献

[1]Hutchinson, Tom.English for Specific Purpose[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Press.2006:21-144.

[2]梅德明.中级口译教程[M].上海外语教育出版社, 2008:347-360.

[3]冯庆华.实用翻译教程[M].上海外语教育出版社, 2002.

[4]齐伟钧, 孙万彪.基础口译教程[M].上海外语教育出版社, 2008.

篇4：与《现代汉译英口译教程》商榷

关键词 ：汉英口译；教程；商榷

［中图分类号］H315.9

［文献标识码］A

［文章编号］1006-2831(2006)10-0048-4

Abstract: Though Contemporary Oral Interpreting is an outstanding course book, this paper argues that there are still a few disputable points in its grammar, diction, etc.

Key words: Chinese-English interpreting, course book, discussion

1.引言

十年前，笔者作为一名英语专业的高年级学生，口译课所采用的教材是北京外国语大学吴冰教授主编的《汉译英口译教程》（修订版）。这本“蓝皮书”不仅是笔者学习口译的启蒙教材，也是多年职业生涯中的良师益友，所以一直爱不释手。十年后，笔者再次发现了吴冰教授的新作《现代汉译英口译教程》（以下简称《现代》），简直如获至宝。《现代》与时俱进、题材丰富、体系完整，在汉译英口译理论和实践方面都具有极高的指导意义。笔者认为，《现代》不仅是在校学生学习口译的优秀教材，也是广大翻译工作者必备的参考书，其优点不一而足。当然，笔者在细嚼慢咽的过程中，也发现了为数不多的一些值得商榷的地方，今天在这里提出来，希望得到各位前辈的指点。

2.拼写、构词及标点等错误

1）原文：Action Plan for Invigorating Edueation Towards the 21st Century《面向21世纪教育振兴计划》 (p.53)

讨论：Edueation应为Education。

2）原文：sustainable development持续发展 (p.115)

讨论：标准译法是可持续发展。

3）原文：《白蛇传》The white Snake(p.402)

讨论：white的第一个字母应该大写。

4）原文：environmental-friendly环保的，对环境有利的 (p.306)

讨论 ：名词—形容词合成新形容词的现象很普遍，例如eco-friendly，ozone-friendly，user-friendly等，这里应该是environment-friendly，也可以用environmentally friendly。

5）原文 ：艾滋病（获得性免疫功能丧失综合症） AIDS/Acquired Immunity Deficiency Syndrome (p.183)

讨论：immunity是一个名词，而这里需要形容词，所以AIDS的全称是Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome。

6）原文：environment problems (p.304)

讨论：名词固然也可以修饰另一个名词，例如potato chips，但是这里改成environmental problems更规范。

7）原文 ：Arab and Persian merchants (p.149)

讨论：和Persian对应，Arab也应该用形容词Arabian。

8）原文：June 2000.6.16 (p.244)

讨论：仓促之中多了一个六月。

9）原文：The Ministry of Education of the PRC is responsible for implementing related laws regulations and policies of the central government. (p.43)

讨论：laws与regulations之间少了一个逗号。

10）原文：保障妇女的合法权益是全社会的共同责任。The protection of women lawful rights and interests is a common responsibility of the whole society. (p.76)

讨论：women应该为women's。

3.关于民族的翻译

原文：all nationalities in China (p.109)

Each of China誷 nationalities has its own musical instruments. (p.385)

Almost every male of the Miao nationality... (pp.385-386)

讨论 ：nationality主要是指国籍或国民，如：the question of the dual nationality（双重国籍问题）、men of all nationalities（世界各国人民）、I am of Chinese nationality（我是中国籍）等，少数民族应译作minority ethnic groups或ethnic minorities，所以中国各民族应该译作：all ethnic groups in China，苗族应译作the Miao people或者the Miao ethnic group。

4.关于一个中国的翻译

原文 ：the principle of one China (p.363，下同)

the principle of “one China”

讨论 ：通常情况下，one和two应该小写，例如one country, two systems（一国两制），然而在表示一个中国的原则中，one应该大写，例如the One-China Principle ；引号既可表示引用，也可以表示轻蔑，例如Taiwan's activities in “expanding its living space internationally”（台湾所谓“扩大国际生存空间”的活动），所以笔者认为原文加引号不妥

5.关于解放的翻译

原文：at the time of liberation (p.2)

before liberation (p.130)

after liberation (p.130)

讨论：对于一个不甚了解中国历史和国情的外国人来说，上述翻译太笼统，不如分别译为when/before/after the People誷 Republic of China was founded，或者直截了当译作in/before/after 1949。

6.关于职务职称的翻译

原文：局长bureau-director (p.81，下同)

副局长 vice-bureau director

副市长 vice-mayor

研究员 research fellow

副研究员 associate researcher

大专院校校长 president; chancellor

副校长 vice-president; vice-chancellor

讨论：把局长翻译成bureau-director有中式英语的嫌疑，若该“局”具有一定的规模，下属若干个县处级directors（主任/处长），那么最好把局长翻译成director-general，而把副局长译作deputy director-general ；“副”对应的英文常见的有vice，deputy，associate等几个词，但是各有习惯的搭配，例如 ：deputy mayor（副市长），deputy director（副处长/副主任），vice chairman（副主席），vice president（副校长/副会长），associate professor（副教授）等 ；研究员和副研究员与教授和副教授同属于正高级和副高级职称，分别翻译为professor和associate professor更为妥当；chancellor在英联邦国家一般指的是名誉校长，例如孟加拉国的大学chancellor一般由总统担任；vice-chancellor才是真正的校长，例如牛津大学的校长约翰·胡德博士的英文实为Dr John Hood, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford；此外某些国家习惯称校长为rector，称副校长为pro-rector。

7.关于书名的翻译

1）原文 ：《金瓶梅》Jing Ping Mei(p.403，下同)

讨论：把《金瓶梅》译作Jing Ping Mei是非常不负责任的，会让外国读者不知所云；即便采用音译，金字的汉语拼音字母也因该是jin而不是jing。可供参考的翻译有The Golden Lotus或The Plum in the Golden Vase。

2）原文：《儒林外史》Scholars

讨论：Scholars前一定要有定冠词the，表示特指。

3）原文 ：《聊斋志异》 Strange Tales of Liaozhai

讨论 ：对于外国读者来说，liaozhai没有任何意义，此书名有效的信息只有Strange Tales两个词，不能相对完整地体现原貌，因此推荐一种译法 ：Strange Tales From Make-Do Studio；如果非要兼顾原文，不妨采取折衷的方式，译作Strange Tales from the Liaozhai Studio。

8.关于河流名称的翻译

原文：

Guilin on the bank of the Li River is said to have the most spectacular landscape in China. (p.1)

珠江 the Pearl River (p.11)

讨论 ：两个字的河流名称一般要全部拼出来再加上通名，如Dianchi Lake（滇池），Lijiang River（漓江）和Zhujiang River（珠江）等，但Yellow River（黄河）例外 ；而三个或以上的字命名的江河则需要将全名翻译出来，如Lancang River（澜沧江）和Huangpu River（黄浦江）。

9.其它短语的翻译

1）原文：pailou 牌楼 (p.9)

讨论：一些带有中国特色的概念，音译之后要有相应的解释，这里可将pailou替换为pailou, a kind of decorated archway。

2）原文：人口自然增长率 rate of natural growth (p.117)

讨论：rate of natural growth只表达了自然增长率的意思，这里还应该在growth之前加上population。

3）原文：独资企业 wholly foreign-owned enterprise (p.209)

讨论：独资企业可以是外商独资企业，也可以是个人独资企业，因此还应该加上sole proprietor-ship或enterprise owned by a sole investor等译法。

4）原文 ：来样加工 processing according to investor's samples (p.252)

讨论：译作processing according to client's/buyer's samples更科学。

5）原文：wide-band and high-speed transmission networks 宽带高速的传输网络(p.269)

讨论：宽带是信息社会的一个热门词汇，国外一般把因特网的“宽带”称为broadband ；而wide-band是指运用于无线电技术的“宽带”。

10.关于表方位的名词和形容词的用法

原文：The Temple of Heaven, the largest group of temple buildings in China, was constructed in southeast Beijing in 1420. (p.5)

...among the 11 provinces in the southwest and northwest part of China... (p.44)

讨论：southeast等词一般放在国际或地区名称之前并大写，且不用定冠词，如Southeast Asia和East China等；northwestern等以-ern结尾的形容词通常与介词短语连用并小写，如：the western part of Northeast China, the northern part of North China, and Northwest China。

11.关于数词的用法

原文 ：19 Chinese were awarded the "Olympic Medal of Honor?conferred by the International Olympic Committee. (p.23)

10,000 teachers will be selected batch by batch from HEIs as core members in various fields of study through competition all over the country. (p.47)

讨论 ：在句首时，阿拉伯数字要转换成文字，因此19和10,000要分别替换成Nineteen和Ten thousand。当然，如果句首的数字特别巨大，或者一个句子包含若干个数词，那么转换也不能解决问题，必须要考虑改写句子。

12.其它语法错误

1)原文 ：In the last two or three decades, many new skyscrapers emerged, among them are the Capital Mansions, and Jingguang Center. (p.2)

讨论：上述两个并列句之间应该有连词and或者将逗号改为分号，也可以把them改为which从而把后半部分变成一个从句。

2)原文：Conditions should be created for setting up bases for the commercialization of high and new technologies and develop science and technology parks around higher education institutions. (p.49)

讨论 ：很明显develop不是conditions的谓语，应该将它改为动名词developing作为介词for的另一个宾语。

3)原文：Sentiments such as 襤ave sons early?.. (p.109)

讨论 ：as是一个介词，所以最好将have改为动名词，即用动名词短语having sons early作为介词宾语。

4)原文：Later, under the ultraleft tendency between 1966 and 1976 during the Cultural Revolution, even these household sideline production activities were declared to be 襝apitalist?and were arrested in many places. (p.222)

讨论：姑且不论under引导的介词短语不够简练，these household sideline production activities只能作为were declared to be "capitalist" and were arrested in many places实际上没有主语，应该加上逻辑主语如the owners。

5)原文：禁止用迷信、暴力手段残害妇女。Cruel treatment causing injury even death of women by superstition or violence is prohibited. (p.77)

讨论：even之前缺少一个连词or。

6)原文：The average life expectancy of Chinese people, the death rate of infants and childbirth death rate have approached the world advanced levels. (p.169)

讨论 ：approached the world advanced levels在这里是一个模棱两可的概念，the death rate of infants and childbirth death rate达到世界“先进”水平未必是件好事情，因此应该明确是增加还是减少，幅度多大。

7)原文：to provide quality services and reasonable prices to attract patients (p.170)

讨论：provide不宜和reasonable prices搭配，把and reasonable prices改成at reasonable prices就显得合情合理。

8)原文：graduate job seeker (p.48)

讨论：一个可数名词通常以三种形式出现，如a book, the book, books等，这里结合上下文，应该用复数形式seekers。

9)原文 ：Qin Shi Huang, the First Emperor of Qin dynasty (p.127)

讨论 ：Qin dynasty之前最好有一个定冠词the。

13.生僻字的使用

1）原文 ：These unshirkable duties are written into China's Marriage Law. (p.90)

unshirkable（工作、责任等）无法逃避的 (p.93)

讨论：很多动词加上后缀able构成形容词，再加上前缀un构成它的反义词，可见unshirkable一词是由词干shirk演变而来的，但是这一个单词在若干字典上都无法查到，可以断定为一个生僻字，鉴于口译的特点，建议换成inescapable。

2）原文：some 200 years b.c.e. (p.127)

讨论：很多来源于拉丁语的缩略语习惯用小写的省略形式，如i.e.和e.g.等，然而来源于英语的缩略语，大多使用大写的省略形式，如BC（或B.C.）。BCE或B.C.E来源于英语，即before the Common Era（公元前），省略形式一般要大写，相比BC而言次常用。

参考文献

包惠南、包昂编著. 中国文化与汉英翻译[M]. 北京: 外文出版社，2004.

方梦之、马秉义编选. 汉译英实践与技巧[C]. 北京: 旅游教育出版社，1996.

霍恩比(A. S. Hornby)原著. 牛津高阶英汉双解词典(第六版)[Z]. 北京: 商务印书馆，2005.

吴冰主编. 现代汉译英口译教程[M]. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社，2004.

吴光华主编. 汉英大辞典[Z]. 上海: 上海交通大学出版社，1995.

篇5：上海基础口译词汇

英语中不定冠词a(an)相当活跃，就连英美的作家有时对它也看法不一。现只用实例来说明在翻译中常出现的一些非常规用法。

(1)a day or two(=one or two days)一两天

但前者作主语时，谓语动词用单数、复数均可;后者作主语时，谓语用复数形式。

(2)more than a year一年多的时间(即一年零几个月);比较more than one year不止一年的时间(即两年。三年……)。

(3)a ten years l0年

a dozen times l2次

用在基数词前表示一个数量单位

(4)once upon a time从前

for a time暂时

in a sense从某种意义上说

in a measure有几分

在某些口语中作“某一”“某些”讲。

(5)a cow is a domestic animal母牛是家畜。

主语中的a表示any“任何一个”，所以a可以表示一般性，

代表全体。

(6)be of an age同岁

we are just of an age。我们恰好是同岁。

比较be of age成年

(7)once a year一年一次

three times a day一日三次

其中的a近似于per， each, very用于计算价钱、时间和速度。

(8)have a look看一看

need a wash洗一洗

a good knowledge丰富的知识

a crashing of gears变速箱发出的一阵阵碰撞声

a screeching of tires刹车时汽车轮胎发出刺耳的响声

a有在与动词同形的名词前或名词化的动名词前，表示一定的量或一些响声。

(9)We need a Washington today。今天我们需要像华盛顿那样的人物。

The city is a London in miniature。那个城市就像是个“小伦敦”。

a可以表示借喻，表示“和……相似的人、事或地方.

(10)I have got a complete Shakespeare at hand.我手头有莎士比亚全集。

My wife is a Stuart.我的妻子是斯图亚特家的人。

A Mr. Smith called this morning。有位叫史密斯的先生今天早上来过电话。

his father bought an Anderwood last week.上周他父亲买了台安德伍德牌打字机。

a可用在作家、画家、名家、发明家前表示其作品，用在姓氏前表示某家族的一员或不认识的姓。

(11)He settled in a China which every one knows to have been completely changed for two years。 他在大家都知道的已经完全改变了面貌的中国定居了两年。

a用在带有定语的专有名词前，表示情况的改变。

(12)a glass一只玻璃杯 — glass玻璃

a hot coal一块烧红的煤一coal煤

a heavy rain一阵大雨-rain雨

a用在物质名词前，使物质名词变成普通名词

(13)Iit is a bother to me。这对我来说是件麻烦事。

She is an honor to her school，她是个为母校增光的人。

a用在抽象名词前，使抽象名词变为普通名词。

(14)a new moon一轮新月(c.f. the moon月亮)

a world like ours像我们这样的世界(c.f. the world世界)

原本the的名词改用a后，表示某种状态。

(15)a red and black skirt一条红黑相间的裙子(一条)

a red and a black skirt一条红裙和一条黑裙(二条)

篇6：中级口译教程每章重点

2—1 Greetings at the Airport

机场迎宾

1.人力资源部经理

Manager of Human Resources Division 2.top-notch

顶尖的/拔尖的 notch: 槽口/ 凹口

3.百忙中抽空

take time from one’s busy schedule 4.run into a strom

撞上/偶遇风暴

run into=run across=meet sb/sth accidently=by chanve=unexpectedly 5.倒时差

to get over the jet-lag 6.设宴洗尘

to hold a reception party in one’s honor 7．典型的中国杂技 a typical Chinese acrobatic show 8．集团总裁 Chairman of the Board 2—2 Hotel Accommodation

宾馆入住 1.旅行社

travel agency/travel service 2.itinerary

路线/旅行预定路线

a route or proposed route of a journey 3.豪华套房

deluxe/luxury suite 4.8折优惠价

a good rate with 20% off 5.总台

Front Desk 6.餐饮部

Catering Service 7.洗熨部

Laundry Service 2-3 Banquet Service 1.满足客人的不同需求：cater to the different needs of our guests 2.敬业的专家：dedicated experts 3.没有她的最后努力，还不知道现在会怎么样呢：Without her last-minute effort, we would still be in the middle of nowhere.4.contribute my share: 尽自己的责任

5.we all maneuvered successfully to get our job done, so to speak.可以说我们每个人都成功地使 我们的使命得以完成。Maneuver:军队的调动，调遣。大规模演戏。谨慎而熟练的动作 尽情享用大自然赐予我们的食物：we will delight ourselves completely in the foods that Mother Nature grants us.7.调味料，作料：seasoning 8.南翔小笼：Nanxiang steamed meat dumplings 皮薄汁醇：thin and translucent wrappers, filled with ground pork and rich tasty soup 9.皮脆柔嫩, 酸甜适口：a crispy skin and tender meat, all covered with a sweet and sour source 10.好戏还在后头：this is just the beginning 11.别客气，请随便：please help yourself to the dishes 12.没有凯兰女士的最后努力，还不知道现在会怎样呢，恐怕我们还在谈判之中。

Without her last-minute effort, we would still be in the middle of nowhere, probably in the middle of negociations, I am afraid.2-4 Getting Around 1.高科技园区：High-Tech Park 2.业务经理：Operation Manager 3.鸟瞰：take a bird’s-eye view of sth.4.走马观花：cast a passing glance at flowers while riding on horseback 5.言归正传：come back to our story 6.背靠首都北京，面向辽阔的渤海，东依京津塘高速公路：with the Capital Beijing as the backdrop, facing the vast expense of Bo Sea, bordered by the Jingjintang Expressway to the east.7.火车货运站：Railway Cargo Station 8.园区是经国务院批准的国家级开发区：the park is a national development project approved by the State Council 9.享有项目审批权和优惠政策：be authorized to approve projects with preferential policies 10.与国际管理体制接轨：operate under the management system of international standards 11.全面运营：go into its full operation 12.工业区：industries cluster;生活区：a place where residents consentrate 13.培育新的优势：foster new competitive advantages 14.使其成为华北地区吸纳高新技术产业、跨国公司以及大型骨干企业的乐园：to make the park an investment paradise in North China for High-Tech and New-Tech companies, multinationals and large enterprises of pill industries 15.辅助产业：supporting industry 16.在园区内落户：to settle down in the park 17.为引入企业提供一条龙服务：provide a stream-lined one-stop service for incoming enterprises 18.绿草成茵，绿树成林，流水潺潺，鸟儿啁啾，空气清新，四季花香——环境处处素雅幽静： it really boasts stretches of green grass, forests of green trees, streams murmuring, birdschirping, air refreshing, fragrant flowers blossoming all year round.The whole environment is enveloped in a peaceful, elegant and relaxing atmosphere 19.24 小时的安保服务：24-h security service 3—1

Welcome 欢迎光临

1、邮电

Post and Telecommunications

2、感到骄傲和荣幸 be very proud and honored

3、gracious invitation

友好邀请friendly invitation这里的gracious 还有① 亲切的② 优雅的，雅致的beautiful③ 有品味的

4、a distinguished group

杰出人士

5、look over the sea 面向大海 look over 有①从-----地方看过去

6、幽默感

sense of humor 责任感

sense of responsibility 参与感

sense of participation 自豪感

sense of pride 时间感

sense of timing 归属感

sense of belonging 集体归属感

sense of belonging to the community 民族认同感

sense of national identity

7、字面意思

literal meaning

8、下榻

offer residence 3—2 A Wish to Invest

投资意向

1想告诉您我的想法

I want to tell you my thought or idea.2、翻了两番（此处是指四倍）

has quadrupled 两倍

double 三倍

treble/triple 表示倍数可直接用数字加 times 或fold表示。

3、对外全面开放

open the whole country up to the outside world

4、沿海城市

the coastal cities

5、内地

the interior areas

6、I am all ears to---

我愿闻其详 I want to know(get)the detail of sth.7、最大程度

maximize

最小程度

minimize

8、发挥有关双方的优势

to exert both parties’ advantages concerned

9、基础设施

infrastructure

10、管理知识

managerial expertise

11、合资企业

joint venture 独资企业

wholly/solely foreign-owned/funded enterprise 补充：

1、合作企业

cooperative enterprise

2、合资企业

joint venture

3、联合企业

conglomerate

4、外资企业

foreign funded enterprise/enterprise with foreign capital

5、三资企业（中外合资企业、中外合作企业、外方独资企业）

6、Sino-foreign joint ventures, Sino-foreign cooperative enterprise foreign-funded enterprise 乡镇企业

township enterprise 集体企业

collective-owned enterprise 私人企业

private/individual funded venture/enterprise 国营企业

state-run enterprise 国有企业

state-owned enterprise 国有大中型企业

large-and medium-sized state-owned enterprise 外向型企业

export-oriented enterprise 劳动密集型企业

labor-intensive enterprise 技术密集型企业

technology-intensive enterprise 试点企业

trial/pilot enterprise 亏损企业

loss-making enterprise 搞活企业

invigorate/enliven enterprise

12、enlightening(启发，授予---知识，开导)

3—3 Establishing a Joint Venture

合资企业

1、投资意向

investment proposal/intention

2、有说服力的persuasive 注意很相似的词pervasive 深入的，有渗透力的

3、express train 快车

如EMS Express Mail Service

4、in the vicinity of 在---附近，邻近，课文里表示about or approximately

5、投资比重

share of investment

6、权益关系

rights and interests

7、外汇储备

foreign exchange reserve

8、天晴还需防雨天

do sth for the rainy days/ make good preparations

9、convertible currency

可兑换货币10、11、正合吾意

coincide with one’s usual practice a rewarding day

收获很大的一天

也可说成是a fruitful/productive day 12、3：7开的的投资比例 30 to 70 investment partnership 3-4 Cultural Difference 1.settle down in China for good: 在中国永久定居

2.win the Oscar for the best picture of the year: 当年的奥斯卡最佳影片奖 3.altruistic:利他的

4.respond instantaneously: 即时的，瞬间的反映

5.bring up identical and standardized talents: 培养整齐划一的高材生。6.the Peony Pavilion: 牡丹亭

7.vigor and vitality

生机勃勃/勃勃生机 8.film poster

电影海报 9.originality

独创性

10.give priority to

把----放在首位/认为----优先 11.altruistic dedication

无私奉献

altruistic: 无私心的反：egoistic：以自我为中心的，自私自利的 12.take precedence over 优先于

precedence：优先，居先 13.global integration 全球一体化 经济全球化

economic globalization 全球化的经济

globalized economy 4—1 Travel in America

行在美国

1、由汽车驱动的国家

a country driven by automobiles

2、生活在轮子上的民族

a people living on wheels

3、夸张的说法

exaggeration

4、correct observation

正确的看法

opinion/attitude/perspective

5、drive-in bank免下车银行

drive-in: an establishment designed to permit customers to remain in their motor vehicles while being accommodated.drive-in restaurant /church/movie

免下车餐馆、教堂、电影院

6、以游客的身份访美

visit US with a tourist’s visa

7、行车限速

speed limit

8、minimum speed

最低时速

maximum speed 最高时速

9、shuttle and commuter flights 穿梭于两地的航班

to go, move, travel back and forth between---and----

10、不尽如人意

not very desirable

11、cab

出租车 taxi cabby refers to taxi driver 在中国某些道路上开车，司机必须将自己的行车速度控制在标牌限定的限速内。美国是否也有限速？ In China, drivers have to drive under a posted speed limit on some roads.Is there any national speed limit in the U.S? 在中国的高速公路上开车，司机必须把行车限速控制在120公里/小时的限速内。

When you drive on expressways of China, drivers have to drive under a speed limit of 120 kilometers/hour.4--2

The AIDS Epidemic 艾滋哀之

1、AIDS Epidemic

艾滋病

2、leading cause

主要原因

main/major

3、HIV—positive

HIV 阳性

阴性 negative

4、imperil

使---处于危险之中/威胁

endanger

5、homosextually transmitted disease

同性恋传播的疾病

6、Put in place

推出

put forward

put in practice

实施

7、massive educational campaign

大规模的教育运动

8、Self-defeating

弄巧成拙的/不利于自己的本文：自暴自弃

9、隔离

quarantine

10、totally futile

毫无用处

futile ①无用的，徒劳的have no useful result futile effort徒劳 ②不重要的，微不足道的 not important ③(人)没出息的

11、强制性化验

mandatory testing

12、voluntary and confidential testing 自愿化验并为化验者保密

13、interpret symptoms

了解症状

14、reveals its presence through

通过----导致发病 4--3

Business Management

经营之道

1、work ethic

工作理念

2、one’s prospective business contact

将要打交道的生意人

3、the “get-down-to-business-first” mentality

公务为先的心态

4、time-consuming

冗长的，耗时的

5、straightforward 开门见山

直截了当的direct

6、a sense of belonging to the community

团体归属感

7、individual oriented

个体取向性

examination oriented 应试教育

8、利与弊

merits and demerits

9、Oriental 东方人（尤指中国人和日本人）

10、humane 仁慈的/高雅的 a humane judge

仁慈的法官 a humane education 人文主义教育

4-4 A Gifted Musician 1.debut album: 首张专辑 2.忌讳：taboo 3.inquiry: 询问

4.the press people: 新闻记者

5.献给……的音乐专辑：dedicate debut album to sb.6.vocalist：歌手

7.tremendous individual: 了不起的人物 8.melodic: 旋律优美的 9.中心思想：common message 10.the icing on the cake: 锦上添花

11.creative avenue and outlet: 创造途径，方法 12.sort out one’s emotional distress: 走出伤感阴影

13.enjoy catching up with one’s friends: 喜欢和朋友泡在一起 14.play pool: 打普尔弹子球 15.get round to: 找出时间做某事 16.break up: 散伙 17.first gigs: 初演

18.sing a cappella: 无伴奏演唱 19.endurance: 忍耐

20.take criticism constructively: 以积极的态度对待批评 5--1 Revisiting the Old Haunt 故地重游

haunt ①以鬼神的形式出现②经常拜访，常去/常去的地方③时常萦绕心头

1world-renowned 举世著名的 renowned

well-known or famous 2diversity

原义：不同、差异、多样性

本文：气象万千

3dynamism 充满活力

full of vigorousness

adj: dynamic

4nostalgic

思念的，怀旧的n.nostalgia ①怀旧

②想家的状况/想家

5、utmost courtesy

高度的礼貌。utmost: 极限的，极高的the maximum/ highest or greatest of degree

6、overshadow

弱化

7、non-governmental sector

民间机构

8、good faith

良好的诚意

9、首先，请允许我„„Permit me first to我感谢中国主人的精心安排与好客。首先，请允许我给在座各位嘉宾鞠个躬。

Please permit me first to take a bow to all the distinguished guests present here.请允许我代表强生公司感谢你们的精心安排与好客。

On behalf of Johnson company, please permit me to thank you for your extraordinary arrangements and hospitality.请允许我代表上海邮电服务发展公司向在座各位表示衷心的感谢。

On behalf of Shanghai Post and Telecommunications Development Company, please permit me to express/extend my heartfelt thanks to all the guests present here.10、十五计划the tenth Five-year plan 欢迎词典型句型：

1.我很荣幸地代表-----向来自------地方的------表示热烈的欢迎。

On behalf of sb, I have the honor/ I feel great honored to express/extend this warm welcome to sb from sp.2.请允许我向远到而来的贵宾表示热烈的欢迎和亲切的问候。

Permit me/ please allow me to express/extend these warm welcome and gracious greetings to our distinguished guests coming from afar.3.我很愉快地以我个人的名义，向某某表示热烈的欢迎。

I am very delighted to extend/ express this personal warm welcome to----感谢词典型句型：

1.on behalf of sb, I‘d like to take this opportunity to express/extend our sincere

thanks to sb for their earnest invitation and gracious/incomparable hospitality we have received since we set foot on sp.我愿意借此机会，我谨代表对------的诚挚邀请和我们一踏上----便受到的友好款待，向-----表示真诚的感谢。

2.First of all, permit me to say thank you, sb, for your extraordinary /considerate/thoughtful arrangements and incomparable hospitality.首先，请允许我感谢-----的精心安排和热情好客。5—2 A Pleasant Trip

愉悦之旅

1、Your Excellency, Your honor阁下|Your Majesty陛下|Your Highness殿下

2、cradle of civilization

文明的摇篮

3、renew old friendships

重温旧情renew: 使更新，使恢复，续借，复兴

5、a constant source of encouragement

始终鼓励着

6、in closing

在结束前，最后

in conclusion 祝酒词典型句型： 结束（祝酒）： In closing，I’d like you to join me in a toast „.May I ask you to join me in a toast „.May I propose a toast„ + to

The health of your Excellency, The health of all the distinguished guests, The lasting friendship and cooperation of both countries The peace and prosperity of the world.5-3 Our Future Luncheon: 午餐

business council：贸易委员会 beckon: 召唤 acknowledge: 承认 ideology: 意识形态 institution: 制度 minimize: 低估

hold forth on: 滔滔不绝的讲述 dwell on: 细想，详述 distinctly different: 明显区别 heritage of our past: 历史传统 revere elders: 尊敬老人

I see dawning: 我看到黎明的曙光

Industrious, frugal, intelligent and quick to learn: 勤奋，节俭，聪颖，接受力强 China’s economy crackles with the dynamics of change: 中国经济突飞猛进，日新月异 salute your courage: 向你们表现出来的勇气表示致敬

bring you a message from my country man: 捎来了我国同胞的口信 go forward in a mighty enterprise: 在所从事的伟大事业中向前迈进 break down barriers of suspicion and mistrust: 打破猜忌与不信任的障碍 build up bonds of cooperation: 建立合作关系 5—4 A New Long March 新的长征 Vocabulary

1、incomparable hospitality

无以伦比的款待/盛情款待

2、a congenial atmosphere 融洽的气氛 congenial: 适意的，惬意的，趣味相同的

I found him very congenial.我发现他跟人很合得来。They are of congenial temper.他们的性情相投。

3、deeply rooted in the instincts of our people

根深蒂固，已成为人们的本能

4、in identical fashion 用同样的方式

identical: 同一的，同样的、同卵的 identical twins

5、inconceivable 不能想象的，难以置信的incredible/beyond belief

6、see eye to eye on sth 看法完全一致/对----有一致的看法

see eye to eye with sb

与某人看法一致

7、destined 注定的 be destined to---

8、plague n 瘟疫/麻烦/灾祸

vt.折磨/肆虐 Plague was then prevailing in that city.当时瘟疫正在该城流行。He was plagued to death.他被折磨得要死。

9、rise to the heights of greatness

攀登伟大的高峰/攀登崇高理想的高峰 Unit 6 Interpreting Ceremonial Speech

礼仪性口译 6--1

Celebrating the Spring Festival 新春联欢

1、明月当空

moon-lit

繁星满天

with numerous shining stars in the sky

2、全体同仁

all the colleagues

3、从百忙中拨冗光临

take the time off one’s busy schedule

4、尽情品尝

have a good time tasting----

5、美酒佳肴 Chinese cuisine and unique Chinese wine

或 good wine and delicious food

6、才华横溢

talented

7、纯正 authentic ①可信的;可靠的, 权威性的②真正的, 确实的;有根据的8、无所拘束

in a more informal way

9、万事如意

the very best of luck in everything

10、特别有幸的是，我们请到了we are very fortunate to have the attendance of 各位嘉宾，在这个特别的日子里，我代表这对新人感谢大家从百忙之中拨冗光临他们的结婚典礼。My distinguished guests, On this special day, on behalf of the newly-married couple to thank all the people present here for taking the time off your busy schedule, to come to attend their wedding ceremony.最后，让我们祝福这对新人白头偕老，永浴爱河。

In the end, we wish the newly-married couple stick to each other till the hair turns gray and bathe in a river of love forever.6--2

At the Christmas Party

圣诞联欢

1、董事长

board chairman/chairman of the board

2、装饰华丽

magnificent decoration

3、良辰佳时

wonderful time

4、融洽

harmony

5、全年的亮点

a high point/highlight of the year

6、生活的真谛

some key to life

7、尽兴

enjoy every minute of---

8、务实

practical

9、辉煌的业绩

outstanding/splendid/illustrious achievements

10、年终岁末之际

at the end of the year 6--3

An Opening Speech

开幕祝词

1、宣布----开幕

declare----open/declare the commencement of 开幕式

opening ceremony 闭幕式

closing ceremony 宣布----闭幕

declare the conclusion of/declare the closing of

lower the curtain of---

2、文化多样性 cultural pluralism

注意另外两个词：diversification/proliferation

3、筹委会

organizing committee

4、社会各界来宾

guests form various circles/guests from all walks of life

5、日新月异的信息

ever-changing information technology

6、多元化

pluralism

adj: pluralistic

7、政府职能

governmental functions

8、政府包揽

be undertaken by the government

9、宏观管理 macro-management10、11、12、分工协作

division of responsibilities 取得丰硕成果

conclude with abundant accomplishment 预祝-----圆满成功

wish----a complete success论坛：forum

13、市民社会: Civil Society

14、文化多样性: cultural pluralism/ diversity

15、筹委会: organizing committee

16、开幕式: opening ceremony

17、社区工作者协会: Social Workers’ Association

18、社会各界来宾: guests from various circles

19、日新月异的信息技术: ever-changing information technology 20、知识更新: update knowledge

21、多元化的: pluralistic

22、社保体制: social welfare and security system

23、政府职能: governmental functions

24、政府包揽: be undertaken by the government

25、民间组织: non-governmental organization

26、宏观管理: macro-management

27、分工协作: collaboration and the division of responsibilities

28、借鉴经验: draw upon/ learn from experience

29、取得丰硕成果: abundant accomplishments 30、预祝…圆满成功: wish sth.a complete success 开幕词, 闭幕词典型句型：(1)宣布------开幕 declare „open / declare open „.declare the commencement of„(2)预祝------取得圆满成功！Wish„ a complete success！(3)宣布------闭幕

declare the closing of„declare the conclusion of„lower the curtain of„

6—4

Looking Ahead

展望未来

广泛领域：in a wide range of areas 亚欧伙伴关系: Asia-Europe partnership 会议主办国: host 亚欧首脑会议: Asia-Europe Summit 成立10 周年: 10th anniversary 循序渐进: make gradual progress 人员交往: people-to-people exchange 谋划发展方向: plan the future development 高瞻远瞩: adopt a long-term strategy 实质性合作: cooperation in substantive terms 回顾过去: look back on the past experiences 展望未来:look into the future 相互尊重: mutual respect平等互利: equality and mutual benefit 求同存异: seek common ground while putting aside differences 反对贸易歧视和制裁: eliminate trade discrimination and oppose imposition of trade sanctions 司法: judicial sector 后续活动: follow-up activities 大力倡导多边合作: actively promote multilateral cooperation 降低关税: reduce tariffs 描绘光辉远景: shape a splendid future 回顾过去，展望未来look back on the past experiences and look into the future 7--1

A Green City

绿色城市 economic integration: 经济一体化 municipality: 自治市

greenfield development potential: 发展绿地的潜力 the added cost burden

增加了沉重的负担 aerospace: 航空航天

biomedical industry: 生物医药业 apparel industry: 服装业 professional service: 专业服务 telecommunication: 电信 urbanization: 城市化

high value added business operations: 高附加值的商务运作实体 digital media: 数字媒体 realty tax: 固定资产税 civil servant: 公务员 city councilor: 市政厅议员

carbon dioxide emission: 二氧化碳排放 the Kyoto Accord: 京都议定书 fossil fuel: 化石/ 不可再生燃料 economic spin-offs: 经济增长点 alternative fuels: 替代燃料 secretariat: 秘书处

serve with a key position: 担任要职

address each other’s priorities 按轻重缓急执行 7—2 The Romantic Champagne 浪漫香槟

1、Champagne

香槟

2、sampling party 品酒会

3、the release of gas 气体释放

4、gentle, alluring fiizz

文雅，迷人的嘶嘶声

5、candlelit dinner 烛光晚餐

6、akin to好似akin: 同性质的，类似的Pity is often akin to love 怜悯常近乎于爱

7、do the trick

获得成功=turn the trick = to bring about the desired result.达到期望的目的trick: 诡计，骗局，恶作剧

8、an allure

魅力allure: n.吸引力/诱惑力the power to attract vt诱惑/引诱

to attract with sth

9、for weeks on end

连续数周 on end: 连续地

10、eponymous drink

同名汽酒eponymous: 齐名的

11、ranked by “dosage”

按“剂量”分类

12、fermentation

发酵过程

13、extra-brut偏酸型brut: 极干的，未加糖的酒/低糖的酒very dry/free from sugar

14、vintage champagne

精致香槟

vintage: n: 葡萄/酒产量，制酒的初级阶段 adj: 最好的，最有特色的15、go especially well with

特别适合

7--3

A Place to Stay

游客之居

1、Motel

Motor Hotel

汽车旅馆

2、lodging

公寓房间，寄宿/寄宿处/出租的房间

3、in any case 无论/无论如何

4、inn

小旅馆、客栈

（特指乡村或公路边的）

5、resort 度假胜地

6、freeway 高速公路

speedway/expressway/superhighway/motorway

7、rollaway(bed)

滚动式折叠床

8、hide-a-bed

暗床

9、trailer

拖车式的移动房屋

10、shelter n.掩蔽处/庇护所，庇护/避难/避难所，难民 an air-raid shelter防空洞a shelter from the sun 避免日晒处

vt.掩蔽/躲避shelter under a tree躲在树下shelter from the rain避雨

11、have a good time touring the States, and you will find a nice roof to shelter yourself.游有所乐，居有其屋。7--4

教堂之游

A Tour around the Cathedral

1、the Episcopal Church

主教派教会

Episcopal adj.主教的, 主教制度的, 英国国教的

2、the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul 圣彼得和圣保罗大教堂

3、shaped like a cross

形状象个“十”字

4、windows set high in the walls

窗户高高地嵌入在墙上

5、sunlight spilling across the floor

阳光洒落在地上

6、attend religious services

参加宗教活动

religious events 练习：

Many of its world-renowned attractions are specific, such as the Great Barrier Reef, Ayer’s Rock, Kakadu National Park and Sydney Opera House.澳大利亚有许多举世闻名，景观独特的旅游胜地，如大堡礁，阿叶尔斯石柱山，咔喀杜国家公园和悉尼歌剧院。上海系江南名城，远东巨埠，内联九州，外通四海，物华天宝，人杰地灵。

Shanghai is a famous city in the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and a big port in the Far East.Linked with all the places in China and major ports throughout the world, this metropolis is known as a land of attractive resources and magic power and a birthplace of creative minds and gifted talents.8--1

丝绸之路

The Silk Road 追溯：date back to 朝廷使者: envoy of royal court 西域: Xiyu(western countries)河西走廊: the Hexi Corridor 塔里木盆地: Tarim Basin 帕米尔高原: Pamir mountain region 阿富汗: Afghanistan

‘Afghan 阿富汗的, 阿富汗人的 叙利亚: Syria 伊朗 Iran

Iranian: 伊朗的，伊朗人/ 伊拉克

Iraq

Iraqi

伊拉克的，伊拉克人的 地中海: the Mediterranean Sea 丝绸织物

silk cloth & goods 火药: gunpowder 造纸术: paper making 印刷术: printing techniques 佛教: Buddhism 伊斯兰教: Islam 石榴: pomegranate 香水: perfume 历史文物: historical relics 少数民族: ethnic minority 吐鲁番: Turpan 工艺: workmanship 风味小吃: local delicacies 散居

scatter 天方夜谭

Arabian nights

一千零一夜的故事

领略自然景观的魅力

take pleasure in the charms of the natural landscape 欣赏古代艺术家高超的工艺

appreciate the superior workmanship of ancient artists 品尝地方风味小吃

enjoy local delicacies/snack food 8-2 Traditional Holidays 节庆膳食： holiday meals 象征意义: symbolic significance 贬官放逐: in exile from a corrupt cour|texile: ① 流放

enforced removal from one’s native country②流亡期间 the period of time of living away from one’s native country③离乡者one who lives away from one’s native country 端午节: Dragon Boat festival 忠臣: loyal minister昏君

a fatuous emperor 糯米粽子: glutinous rice dumpling wrapped in reed leaves 祭祀亡灵: sacrificial offerings for Qu Yuan’s departed soul 龙舟比赛: dragon boat race 中秋节: Mid-autumn Festival 满月: full moon蜜饯: candied preserved fruits豆沙: bean paste蛋黄: egg yolk饺子: dumpling年糕: niangao(New year cake, thick steamed pudding of glutinous rice flour)八宝饭: babaofan(steamed sweet glutinous rice pudding)谐音: be homonymous with 舞狮子: Lion Dance踩高跷: walk on stilts 吉祥如意: a propitious and happy new year|propitious: 吉利的 favorable/auspicious 贴对联

to put up an antithetical couplet|antithetical: 对偶的，对照的 元宵节：Lantern Festival团圆饭: family reunion dinner 练习

“枣”与“早”谐音，在中国传统婚礼上常有红枣出现，寓意“早生贵子”。The character “zao” is homonymous with the word “early” or “soon”.Therefore, the fruit dates are always prepared in the traditional Chinese wedding ceremony, indicating “bearing a child early/soon”.8--3 The Purpose of Education

教育之本

香港中文大学，简称“中大”： the Chinese University of Hong Kong, CUHK for short 综合性大学: comprehensive university 融汇中国与西方： bring together China and the west 双语教学： bilingual education 书院制度: college system 在……卓然而立distinguish from 主、副修课程: majors’ and minors’ program 交换生： exchange student 相互切磋： learn from each other 继续教育： continuing education 课程设计灵活: program designed with flexible structure 学分制: credit system 充分发挥学生的潜力： bring out the best in every student 又专又博的人才：talents with a balance between depth and breadth 多元教育: multi-faceted education 校训: motto 博文约礼: Broadening one’s intellectual horizon and keeping within the bounds of propriety=广求学问，恪守礼法 出自《论语》: sth is taken from the Analects of Confucius 兴于诗, 立于礼, 成于乐: It is by the Odes that the mind is aroused.It is by the Rules of Propriety that the character is established.It is from the Music that the finish is received.Analect: 文选，选集

孟子：Mencius 陶冶性灵: touch the soul and cultivate the spirit 潜移默化: influence the temperament unobtrusively and imperceptibly =change and influence unobtrusively and imperceptibly unobtrusive: 不唐突的 imperceptible: 觉察不到的，感觉不到的 通识教育: all-round education 学而后识礼: moral propriety follows naturally intellectual development 校徽: emblem 高贵: nobility 坚毅: perseverance 中大的校训“博文约礼”出自《论语》，讲求智育与德育并重。我们既强调知识的创造与传承，又注重学生的全面发展，学校致力于培养怀抱理想、目光远大、品德高尚的年轻人。

The CUHK motto “Broadening one’s intellectual horizon and keeping within the bounds of propriety”, which is taken from the Analects of Confucius, gives equal stress to the intellectual and moral aspects of education.At CUHK, we emphasize not only creation and knowledge but also the development of the whole person, both socially and spiritually.We aim to nurture young people with vision, moral character and a global mindset.8--4

A Super-Publisher

出版王者

1、最权威的出版机构

the most authoritative publishing institution

2、前身

‘pre(i)decessor

3、新闻出版署 Press and Publication Administration

4、排版

composition/type-setting

5、旅游指南

tour guidebooks

6、古典文学

classical literature

7、专业教科书

academic textbooks

8、增长新亮点

the new growth point of

9、敏锐的视野

discriminating vision

discriminating: 有识别力的

10、专业水准

professional expertise

11、超人的胆略

overwhelming courage 校对工作proof-reading校对proof-reader印刷机printing machine排字工人

type-setter, compositor对开本folio四开本quarto参考书reference book小册子, 小书booklet, pamphle期刊periodical日报daily周刊weekly半月刊

fortnightly月刊monthly双月刊bimonthly季刊quarterly年刊annual画报pictorial magazine纪念刊memorial volume选集selected works, selections全集

complete works科学文献scientific literature索引index原版（书）original edition新版new edition修订版encyclopedia教科书textbook读本reader畅销书best seller 9--1

The Road to a Prosperous City

强市之路 articulate: 阐明 lifeblood: 生命线 multifaceted: 多面的 disruptive: 破化性的 sell policies: 出售保单

cluster of innovation: 创新产业聚集地 underpinning: 基石 internship: 实习

nurture the rising tide of entrepreneurs through mentoring: 对业界新秀进行帮教 rationalize the regulatory environment: 完善法制环境 stifle change: 扼杀变革

Innovation is the core of the nation’s competitiveness: 创新是一个国家的核心竞争力 Secure one’s position: 稳固某人的位置

1、articulate adj: 发音清晰的，善于表达的an articulate speaker

在本文作动词用，表示阐明，清晰明白地说

2、indulgence

放任

indulgent: 纵容的

3、insurer

保险公司/保险业者

4、virtuous cycle

良性循环

virtuous: 善良的，有道德的，贞洁的

5、cluster of innovation 创新产业聚集地

6、curriculum

课程设置

复数：curricula

7、interdisciplinary

各学科间的，跨学科的

8、role model

榜样示范，行为榜样

9、regulatory environment 法制环境

10、accompanying disruption

伴随的冲击

11、secure one’s position 必将成为----9—2 The effect of Misleading Advertising

广而“误”之

1、denounce

谴责/声讨/公然抨击

2、commercials 广告

commercial 商业

Industrial and Commercial Bank of China

中国工商银行

3、adolescent n.青少年adj.青春期的/青春的adolescence n.青春期(一般指成年以前由13至15的发育期)

4、vulnerable

易受----攻击的 susceptible to attack

5、prime target 主要目标/主要对象

6、in the guise of

假借/以---为幌子

guise 伪装

7、designer jeans or sneakers 品牌牛仔裤或运动鞋

8、femininity

女性气质/温柔9、10、masculinity

男性气质

conventional adj.惯例的，常规的，习俗的，传统的本文：标准的 Conventional beauty is her only attribute.标准美是她唯一的标志11、12、13、14、15、16、attribute

属性，品质，特征

本文： 标志 blemish

瑕疵，污点

同 stain conform to the norm/ideal 符合标准/达到理想的----artificial image

人为的形象

go to great lengths to do something 尽其所能做某事 cosmetics

化妆品

9—3 The University Spirit

大学精神

1、extract the best and explore the greatest 取精用弘

从大量材料中选取精华充分加以运用

2、interrelated educational program

互相联系的教育计划（本文）将教学与研究融合在一起的教育计划

3、disseminate knowledge

传播知识

disseminate: 散布

to scatter widely or to spread abroad

4、short-sighted

近视的，目光短浅的

5、live up at the edge of technology

始终置身于技术前沿

6、discontinuity 突变事例

discontinuity: 原义是指断断续续：不连贯，不团结

7、fanciful visionary

浮想连篇的思想家

visionary:空想家，梦想者，爱幻想的人

8、uninhabited executor

不受常规约束的实干家 knowledge-based economy: 知识经济 uninhibited minds: 开放的思想 the frontier of discovery: 探索的前沿 disseminate knowledge: 传播知识 fanciful visionary: 浮想联翩的思想家

revolutionary explorer: 富有革命精神的探索家 uninhibited executor: 无拘无束的实干家

9—4 The New Beginning of an Old Story

继往开来

1、fellow citizens

同胞们

2、transfer of authority

政权的移交

3、flawed and fallible people

并非完美无缺的民族flawed 有裂纹的, 有瑕疵的, 有缺陷的fallible

4、grand and enduring ideal

伟大而永恒的理想

5、scapegoat 替罪羊

6、a call to conscience 对良知的呼唤

7、commitment

承担义务，责任

8、civic duty and family bonds 公民责任和家庭纽带

9、uncounted, unhonored acts of decency

无数的，默默无闻的高尚行为

10、never yielding

永不屈服

10--1

Acquiring a Second Culture

第二文化

1、含义

signification/meaning

2、价值观

values

3、信仰

beliefs

4、日常活动

daily activities

5、从广义上说

in the broad sense 从狭义上说 in the narrow sense

6、物质/精神文化

material/spiritual culture

7、蕴蓄

implicit 内在的 反： explicit 外在的，直率的

8、礼仪规范

etiquette(礼节)patterns

9、言谈举止

言谈： the way one speaks 举止：deportment/behavior

10、大相径庭

be vastly different from

11、方兴未艾

sth is gathering momentum and is there to stay

12、道家学说

Taorism

13、挖掘文化内涵

tap/excavate/mine the cultural quin’tessence(精粹，精华)

14、发挥纽带作用

play an important role as a linking in/between

10--2 Environmental Protection

环境保护

易错的，可能犯错的

1、生态恶化deterioration of eco-system deterioration 反：amelioration/improvement 改善/改进

2、物种灭绝

the extinction of bio-species

3、臭氧层破坏

damage to the ozone layer

ozone: 臭氧

4、双重任务

dual task

5、从国情出发

proceeding from its national conditions

6、污水处理

sewage disposal

7、退耕还林/草

return cultivated land to forests/pastures

8、行为准则

code of conduct

9、森林覆盖率

forest acreage acreage: 英亩数，面积

10、自然保护区

Nature Reserves

11、覆行国际义务

to fulfill international obligations

12、任重而道远

there is a grand task to perform and a long way to go

10--3 Meeting the Challenge

迎接挑战

1、转轨

change from----to---y

2、人口老龄化

the aging of the population

3、保健/退休/福利制度

the health care system/the retirement system the benefit/welfare system

4、产业结构调整

industrial restructure

5、全面建设小康社会

the overall construction of a moderately developed society

6、科教兴国战略

the strategy of developing the country through science and technology

7、优先发展教育

give priority to the development of education

8、终身学习型社会

a society of life-long education

9、弘扬自强不息的精神

carry forward/greatly encourage the spirit of uneasing improvement

10、幼吾幼以及人之幼

love our own children and love others 老吾老，以及人之老；幼吾幼，以及人之幼

Caring for othersˇ elder relatives as if they were our own and caring for others’were our own.11、世界经济一体化 economic globalization 10--4 Practicing Martial Art for Your Health

习武健身

1、武术宫

Martial Art Palace

children as if they

2、中国武协

the Chinese Wushu Association

3、国际武联

International Wushu Federal

4、国际奥委会执委会

IOC’s Executive Board meeting

5、扣人心弦

fabulous(惊人的，难以置信的)

6、武林高手professional martial artists 11--1

The Linguistic System

语言系统

1、mutually unintelligible

互不相通

unintelligible: 难解的，无法了解的difficult to understand

2、in broad outlines

概貌

3、approach(a problem)

处理问题

do with/cope with

4、be intimately familiar with 通晓intimately: 密切地

5、a finite set of rules 数量有限的规则

6、an infinite set of sentences 数量无限的句子

7、acquire(a language)

习得（一门语言）

8、an arbitrary fashion 任意的

9、linguistic knowledge/competence 语言知识/能力10、11、creative aspect

创造能力

well-formed(sentence)符合规范的句子

11--2

Two Kinds of Brain

人机之争

1、mammalian

哺乳动物 adj.哺乳动物的

2、neurons 神经元

3、in a vastly complicated network 极为复杂的网络

4、intricacy

复杂/错综

5、on-off device

离合装置

6、straightforward

正直的/坦率的/直截了当的7、equivalent n.等价物/相等物

本文：同类

8、a point of concern

问题在于

11--3

The Biological Revolution

生物革命

1、biotechnological

生物技术的

2、implanted electrodes 植入的电极

3、artificial hormones

人造荷尔蒙

4、envision 预言

5、genome

基因组

a set of genes

6、portend 预示

7、scenario

情形/某一特定的情节

8、vivacious

活泼的

9、introspective 内向的10、11、extrovert

性格外向者

unequivocally 本义：不含糊地

本文：无疑地

11--4

The Stock Market

股票市场

1、raise money

筹资

2、the New York Stock Exchange

纽约股票交易所

3、publicly owned company

上市公司

4、stockbroker

股票经济人

5、stock dealer

股票交易商

6、stock trading system 股票交易系统

7、the general public 老百姓

8、bull/bear market

牛市/熊市

9、stock index

股票指数10、11、the Dow Jones Industrial Average 道-琼斯工业指数 the NASDAQ Composite Index 纳斯达克综合指数

补充词汇：

1、控股公司

holding company

2、实行投份制

enforce stockholding system

3、上市股票

listed shares/stocks

4、股票行情指数

index of stock price

5、发行股票

issue stock

6、证券、债券

bond/ securities

Security Council 联合国安理会 12--1

Communicative Competence

语用能力

1、起着推波助澜的作用 further swell

推波助澜：add fuel to the fire swell: 膨胀，增大

expand/increase

2、自言自语 talk when there is no one to answer

3、属性

attribute

4、任意性的arbitrary

5、遣词造句 combine words to form phrases and phrases to form sentences.12—2

On Cultural Clashes

文化冲突

1、融合fusion

2、文明圈

civilization rim

3、儒教

Confucianism

4、伊斯兰教 Islamism

5、对抗

confrontation

6、仿效

emulation

7、文化认同感

recognition of cultural identity

8、盛行

prevailing

9、顽疾

stubborn ill10、11、12、13、极端个人主义

extreme individualism 自我约束性

self—discipline 集体责任感

corporate responsibility 温厚儒雅

pacific pacific: of a peaceful nature;tranquil.温和的，宁静的：属于安静的天性的；宁静的14、15、16、17、地球村

global village 泾渭分明

clear-cut 互补

mutual complementarity 和睦共处

live in harmony 12--3

The Art of Calligraphy 书法艺术

1、中国书法

Chinese Calligraphy

2、文化遗产

cultural heritage

3、山不在高，有仙则名。

Any mountain can be famous with the presence of immortal.Immortal:(i’mo:tl)

n.One not subject to death.神仙：不死的人物 One whose fame is enduring.流芳百世的人 Adj.不死的： the immortal soul.不死的灵魂

永恒的，不朽的：不会被遗忘的 Never to be forgotten;everlasting: immortal words.永恒的文字

4、水不在深，有龙则灵。Any river can be holy with the presence of a dragon.5、甲骨铭文 the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells inscription: 题字，碑铭

6、青铜器 bronze

7、篆书

seal character/script

8、隶书

official script

9、楷书

regular script10、11、12、13、14、15、16、行书

running script 草书

cursive script 象形字

pictograph 夸张 exaggeration 石碑

tablet 悬崖峭壁 precipice

匾额

horizontal inscribed boards

tablet: 牌匾

inscribe: 刻，写，雕，题写

17、厅堂卷轴对联 couplets written on the scrolls hung on the pillars of halls scroll: 卷轴，卷形物18、19、20、曲阜孔庙

Qufu’s Confucius Temple 泰山岱庙

Mount Tai’s Dai Temple 高僧

senior monk 中国有句古话是这样说的：“山不在高，有仙则名;水不在深，有龙则灵。”中国书法好似山上之仙，水中之龙。

As an ancient Chinese saying goes that “Any mountain can be famous with the presence of immortal and any river can be holy with the presence of a dragon.Chinese calligraphy is like an immortal in a mountain and a dragon in a river.12--4

Community Service

社区服务 国际学术研讨会：international symposium 社会保障事业: undertaking of social security 奠定物质基础: provide a firm material foundation 就业机制: employment mechanism 结构性失业: structural unemployment 国际劳工组织: International Labor Organization 联合国开发计划署: United Nations Development Program 维护合法权益: protect the legal rights 街道委员会: residential district committee 里弄居民委员会: neighborhood committee 民政部: Ministry of Civil Administration 社会福利: social welfare 远景目标纲要: outline of long-range objective 不足之处: weak link 非政府组织: non-governmental organization 切合时宜 suitable to the occasions 改革开放以来，尤其是自国家民政部在总结城市社会福利改革经验的基础上，肯定和推广社区服务的经验以来，社区服务在全国范围内蓬勃展开。

China’s nationwide community service drive has progressed in a vigorous manner ever since the country’s initiation of her reform and opening-up program, particularly since the Ministry of Civic Administration acknowledged and decided to popularize the successful experiences involving community service, on the basis of summarizing the work of reform in the urban social welfare system.13—1

Entrepreneurial Culture 企业文化

1、a nimble and flexible outfit 敏捷且富有弹性的公司 outfit: n用具，配备，全套装备vt 配备，装备

2、the exception rather than the rule 极具个别的现象

3、a paragon of management virtue 管理功效的典范paragon: 模范

4、stodgy 平庸的

5、paramount

原义：极为重要的 本文：出众的superior/conspicuous

6、distill a lesson

分析教训distill: 蒸馏，提取，吸取---的精华

7、debacle 崩溃

a sudden disastrous collapse

8、the usual corporate checks and balances 常规公司的制约，平衡机制

9、too many leeway 过度宽容leeway: 可允许的误差，退路(口)回旋余地

10、seniority-based salaries 以资历为基础的薪水制度seni’ority：资历, 地位优先

11、highly leveraged compensation 更有刺激性的分配制度

12、mentor 导师，指导者

13、hands-off management 放任自流的管理模式

14、a runaway train 一匹脱缰的野马 13—2

Getting to know Bonds

认识债券

1、the repayment of the loans in full at maturity 到期收回借出的资金

maturity: 成熟，完备

（票据）到期

2、capital appreciation 增值

3、in a nutshell 简言之，概括地说

in a few words, concisely

4、diversification in investment 多元化投资

5、unduly 不适当地，过度地

excessively

6、immediate yield

眼前的收益

7、polarized between growth and security 投资增值与投资安全两极分化

8、opt for 选择

choose

9、credit rating agency 信誉评级机构

10、assign ratings to 给----评级

13—3

The Unique Silicon Valley

硅谷之贵

1、the epoch-making European Renaissance 具有划时代意义的欧洲文艺复兴 epoch-making 打开新纪元的，划时代的

2、the bygone days 昔日的

3、preeminence 卓越

predomination

4、prototype 原型/典型事例

a typical example

5、exalt 本义：晋升

本文：极力颂扬

6、stigma 污名，耻辱

disgrace

7、the sine qua non 必要条件，要素

(sinei kwa:’noun)an essential element or condition

8、high flyer 出类拔萃的

9、ethos of team work 奋斗理念 ethos: i’thos 气质，道义，民族精神

10、esprit de corps

团队精神

11、icon 肖像，偶像

idol

12、discernible

可辨别的 perceptible di’scernible: 看得清的；辨别得出的：可辨知的

13、phenomenal success 非凡的成功

phe’nomenal ①现象的②显著的extraordinary;outstanding 非凡的，杰出的14、15、16、17、proliferate

激增

to cause to grow or increase rapidly traumatic experience 惨痛的经历traumatic: 外伤的，创伤的setback

挫折, 退步（疾病）复发 cutting-edge 税利的势头

13—4

On Patent Laws

专利法规

1、public consultation

公示咨询

2、allegedly

断言地

3、one-click purchasing option 一次点击购物法

4、advent（尤指不寻常的人或物）出现，到来

5、mimic 模拟，模仿

copy, imitate

6、lobby

对---进行疏通

本文：游说

14-1 双边经贸

贸易自由化： trade liberalization 公正地配置资源: allocate resources more effectively and fairly 多边贸易体制: multilateral trading system 国际经济新秩序: new international economic order 造福人民: the benefit of people 贸易摩擦: trade frictions and disputes 明智态度: wise manner 实实在在的利益: tangible economic benefits 获利丰厚: make a handsome profit 驰名品牌: famous brand 零售企业: retailing firms 不可逆转： irreversible 互补性: enjoy complementarities 据统计: statistics show 劳动密集型: labor-intensive products 低资本产品: low-value products 自动数据处理: data processing equipment 家用电器: household electric appliances 劳动力成为优势: labor cost advantage 美中贸易逆差: US trade deficit with china, 顺差：favorable balance 人民币汇率: RMB exchange rate 知识产权: intellectual property right 高瞻远瞩的战略眼光: take a strategic perspective of vision and foresight 奠定坚实的基础: lay a solid foundation for 工商业界: business communities 切实有力的措施: take forcible policy measures 14—2

Asian Cooperation

亚洲合作 博鳌亚洲论坛：Bo’ao Forum for Asia 博大精深: profound 东盟

ASEAN

Association of Southeast Asian Nations 欧盟European Union 亚洲开发银行 Asian Development Bank(ADB)亚太经合组织 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC)关贸总协定

General Agreement on Tariff and Trade(GATT)中情局Central Intelligence Agency

联邦调查局 Federal Bureau of Investigation 重要渠道: important channel 独到见解: insightful view 全方位合作: develop all-round cooperation 次区域合作：sub-regional cooperation 形成良性互动: well complement each other 自我封闭: self-reclusive 排他性集团: exclusive cooperation 新跨越: new leap forward 恪守入世承诺: honor WTO commitment 有步骤地扩大开放领域：open more areas in a step-by-step manner 关税壁垒: tariff barriers 完善法制: improve rule of law 透明的市场环境: transparent market environment 可预见的: predictable 大力实施“走出去”战略

energetically carry out “going global” strategy 自强不息

persistent/constantly strive to become stronger 勤劳智慧: diligent, talented 14—3

Foreign-Capital Enterprises

外资企业

1、合法权益 legitimate rights and interests

2、国务院

the State Council

3、工商行政管理机关 the industry and commerce administrative authorities

4、法人资格

qualification of artificial person

5、吊销营业执照

cancel ont’s business licence

6、办理变更/注销登记手续

register the change/log-out with

7、设置会计账簿 set up account books

8、报送会计报表

submit the accounting statements

9、免税

tax exemption

10、清算

liquidation 设立外资企业的申请，由国务院对外经济贸易主管部门或者国务院授权的其他机关审查批准。

The application to establish a foreign-capital enterprise shall be submitted for examination and approval to the department under the State Council which is in charge of foreign economic relations and trade, or to another agency authorized by the State Council.外资企业分立、合并或者其它重要事项变更，应当报审查机关批准，并向工商行政机关办理变更登记手续。

In the event of seperation, merger or other major changes, a foreign-capital enterprise shall report to and seek approval from the authorities in charge of examination and approval, and register the change with industry and commerce administrative authorities.外资企业必须在中国境内设置会计帐簿，进行独立核算，按照规定报送会计报表，并接受财政税务机关的监督。

A foreign-capital enterprise must set up account books in China, conduct independent accounting, submit the accounting statements as required and accept supervision by the financial and tax authorities.14—4

Economic Links

经济关系

1、世界多极化

multipolar world

2、经济全球化

economic globalization

3、科学技术突飞猛进

rapid progress in science and technology

4、前所未有

unprecedented

5、广阔前景

broad prospect

6、日新月异的科技进步

the scientific and technological progress with each passing day

7、处于“弱者”地位

disadvantaged(处于不利地位)

8、公正配置世界资源

allocate world resources fairly

9、加深“数字鸿沟”

worsen digital divide10、11、12、13、14、全面建设小康社会

build a well-to-do society throughout the country 与时俱进

advance with the times 以更加积极的姿态

take a more active part in 透明的贸易和投资政策

transparent policies of trade and investment 全方位、多层次、宽领域的对外开放

a multi-directional and multi-level opening up in a wide range of areas 中国将严格遵循国际通行的市场规则，实行公开、透明、平等的贸易和投资政策，进一步推动全方位、多层次、宽领域的对外开放。一个稳定、发展、进步的中国，将为促进世界和地区的和平与发展做出更大的贡献。