uml复习试题及答案a卷（精选5篇）
篇1：uml复习试题及答案a卷
八年级(上)期末复习创新测试题（A卷）
一、选择题（共32分，每小题2分；1—13为单选题，14、15小题为多选题，每小题3分，全对得3分，选对但不全的得1分，不选或错选的不得分）
1、下面几个物理量中可以用来鉴别物质的是
A．质量
B．密度
C．体积
D．温度
2、人眼能看到物体是因为物体在眼睛的视网膜上形成了
A．实物的等大的倒立的实像
B．实物的放大的倒立的实像
C．实物的缩小的倒立的实像
D．实物的放大的正立的虚像
3、下面的质量最接近5×107㎎的是
A．一只足球的质量
B．一只老母鸡的质量
C．一个学生的质量
D．一头大象的质量
4、测绘图人员绘制地图时，常常需要在高空的飞机上向地面照相，称为航空摄影，若使用航空摄影照相机的镜头焦距为50mm，则底片到镜头间的距离为（）
Ａ.１００mm以外
Ｂ.５０mm以内
Ｃ.略大于５０mm
Ｄ.恰为５０mm5、站在河岸上的人看见水中的鱼，其实看到的是
（）
A、鱼的虚像，较鱼的实际位置深；
B、鱼的虚像，较鱼的实际位置浅
C、鱼的实像，较鱼的实际位置浅
D、鱼的实像，较鱼的实际位置深6、270dm3的水结成冰后，体积
A．增大了27
dm3
B．减小了27dm3
C．增大了30dm3
D．减小了30dm37、A、B两个实心球，已知VA>VB，mB A．ρA<ρB B．ρA=ρB C．ρA>ρB D．无法确定 8、把一块体积较大的冰放在一个容器中熔化，当冰全部化成水以后，可知 （） A、变成水后质量和体积都减少了 B、变成水后质量和体积都未变化 C、变成水后质量未变，体积减少了 D、变成水后质量少了，体积未变 9、下列不属于磁性材料应用的实例是 A．DVD影碟 B．电话磁卡 C．电脑软盘 D．磁悬浮列车 10、把一金属块浸没在盛满酒精的杯中．从杯中溢出10g酒精．若将该金属块浸没在盛满水的杯中．则从杯中溢出的水的质量 A．大于10g B小于10g C．等于10g D．无法确定 11、对于一只使用了多年的铅球来说，没有发生变化的物理量是 A．质量 B．体积 C．密度 D．形状 12、图9—1所示是A、B两种物质的质量m与体积V的关系图，由图可知，这两种物质的密度关系为 0 m/㎏ B A 图9—1—3 V/m3 A．ρA<ρB B．ρA=ρB C．ρA>ρB D．无法确定 13、秋高气爽的夜里，当我们仰望天空时，会觉得星光闪烁 不定，这主要是因为 A．星星在运动 B．地球在绕太阳公转 C．地球在自转 D．大气密度分布不均匀，星光经过大气层时，折射光的方向 随大气密度的变化而变化 14、下面列举的各种现象中，能说明物质是由分子构成的是 A．铁铲用久了，会变薄 B．博物馆门前铜像的手被人摸久了，会变小 C．秋风一吹，树上的叶片渐渐变少了 D．屋檐下的石块，出现了“滴水穿石”的现象 15、下面说法正确的是 A．物质的密度是物质本身的基本属性，其大小与质量和体积无关 B．凹透镜只能成正立缩小的虚像 C．有经验的渔民在叉鱼时，总是向着所看到的鱼的下方叉 D．将钢棒靠近小磁针的一端时，小磁针的这一端会远离钢棒，这说明钢棒一定有磁性 二．填空题（每空1分共29 分） 16、一支铅笔斜插入盛水的玻璃杯中，看上去铅笔好像在水面处折断了，这是光的现象，水中部分的铅笔看上去变粗了，这是因为圆柱形的盛水玻璃杯对它有 作用。 17、已知凸透镜的焦距f=5厘米。（1）当物距ｕ＝４厘米时，能得到 像；（2）当物距ｕ＝12厘米时，能得到 像；（3）当物距ｕ＝20厘米时，能得到 像；（4）若要得到与物体在镜头同侧的像，则物距应在 的范围内。(填“倒立”或“正立”，“放大”或“缩小”，“实像”或“虚像”) 18、在下面的数字后面填上恰当的质量单位：1瓶酱油的质量是500 ；1袋奶粉的质量是0.5，1车煤的质量是4，1枚药片的质量是500。 19、由铜、铁、铝制成的三个实心小球，若它们的质量相等，则 球的体积最大，若它们的体积相等，则 球的质量最大，20、一个装满食用调和油的瓶子标有“2kg/2.5dm3”字样，由此可知这种油的密度约为 _________㎏/m3，当油用完后，若用此空瓶装水，则最多可装______㎏的水。 21、有一空瓶质量是15 g，装满水后总质量是60 g，则该瓶子容积是______ mL；若用此空瓶装满另一种液体后总质量是69 g，则该液体的密度是______㎏/m3。 22、一只容积为260㎝3的瓶中已盛有140g的水，一只口渴的乌鸦投了25块相同的小石子后，水面上升到瓶口，已知每块小石子的质量都为12g，则瓶内石子的总体积为 ㎝3，石子的密度为 ㎏/m3。 三．作图或简答题（共20分，分别为6分、3分、4分、5分、2分） 23、完成图9—2中的光路图 图9—224、如图9—3所示是一个形状不规则的容器，现在要你测量这个容器的容积，请选择适当的器材，并简述测量方法： ⑴需要的器材： ⑵测量方法： 图9—3 四．探究或计算题（共21分，分别为6分、4分、3分、6分） 25在“用天平和量筒测定固体和液体的密度”实验中，为测定物体的质量，调节天平横梁平衡时，发现天平的指针静止在分度盘中央刻度线的左侧，则应将横梁上的平衡螺母向_______调节。将一矿石标本放在已调好的天平左盘内，当天平重新平衡时，右盘内的砝码和游码在标尺上的位置如图9—4甲所示，则矿石的质量为_________ g。将矿石标本放入装有水的量筒中，量筒中水面位置的变化情况如图9—4乙所示，则矿石的体积为________cm3，这种矿石的密度为___________kg／m3。 图9—4 甲 乙 26、将密度为ρ，质量为m的油滴在静止的水面上，油扩散成了一个半径为r的圆形薄膜，试求油膜的厚度。 27、盐水选种是我国劳动人民发明的一种挑选种子的方法。现需要密度为1﹒1×103㎏/m3的盐水，若测得已配好的0．6dm3的盐水质量为540g，⑴这种盐水是否符合要求？ ⑵若不符合，应加盐还是加水？加多少㎏？（ρ盐水=1﹒2×103㎏/m3） 八年级(上)期末复习创新测试题答案（A卷） 一、选择题： B、C、C、C、B；C、D、C、A、A；C、C、D、ABD、ABCD。 二．填空题： 16：折射、放大。 17：正立放大的虚、倒立缩小的实、倒立缩小的实、5㎝之内。18：g、㎏、t、㎎。 19：铝、铜。 20：凸透、正立放大的虚像 21：0.8×103、2﹒5 23：45、1．2×103 24：10、100 g一个，50 g一个，20 g一个，10 g一个，6 g 25：120、2．5×103 26：某液体与瓶的、水与瓶的三．作图或简答题 四．探究或计算题 33：右，64 g，20 cm3，3．2×103㎏/m3 34： ⑴不符合要求。 ⑵应加盐。加1．44㎏ Question 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. In communities north of Denver, residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators as the Vrain School District tries to solve a $13.8 million budget shortage blamed on mismanagement. “We’re worried about our teachers and principals, and we really don’t want to lose them because of this,” one parent said. “If we can help ease their financial burden, we will. ” Teachers are grateful, but know it may be years before the district is solvent(有偿还能力的). They feel really good about the parent support, but they realize it’s impossible for them to solve this problem. The 22,000-student district discovered the shortage last month. “It’s extraordinary. Nobody would have imagined something happening like this at this level,” said State Treasurer Mike Coffman. Coffman and district officials last week agreed on a state emergency plan freeing up a $9.8 million loan that enabled the payroll(工资单) to be met for 2,700 teachers and staff in time for the holidays. District officials also took $1.7 million from student-activity accounts in its 38 schools. At Coffman’s request, the District Attorney has begun investigating the district’s finances. Coffman says he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortage until after the November election, when voters approved a $212 million bond issue for schools. In Frederick, students’ parents are buying classroom supplies and offering to pay for groceries and utilities to keep first-year teachers and principals in their jobs. Some $36,000 have been raised in donations from Safeway. A Chevrolet dealership donated $10,000 and forgave the district’s $10,750 bill for renting the driver education cars. IBM contributed 4,500 packs of paper. “We employ thousands of people in this community,” said Mitch Carson, a hospital chief executive, who helped raise funds. “We have children in the schools, and we see how they could be affected.” At Creek High School, three students started a website that displays newspaper articles, district information and an email forum(论坛). “Rumors about what’s happening to the district are moving at lighting speed,” said a student. “We wanted to know the truth, and spread that around instead.” 原文出处 Community bailing out broke school district Parents are offering to help pay grocery and utility bills. Businesses are donating cash and a group of students run an informational Web site. In communities just north of Denver, residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators as the St. Vrain Valley School District grapples with a $13.8 million budget shortfall blamed on mismanagement. “We#39;re worried about our teachers and our principals, and we really don#39;t want to lose them because of this,” parent Merrill Bohanning, 44, said. “If we can help ease their financial burden, we will.” Teachers are grateful, but know it may be years before the district is solvent. “Teachers feel really good about the parent support,” said Jeannie Beyer, spokeswoman for the St. Vrain Valley Education Association. “But they realize it#39;s not going to be possible for them to solve this problem.” The 22,000-student district in parts of Weld, Boulder and Larimer counties discovered the shortfall last month. The finance director resigned and an assistant superintendent has been suspended. District officials said an independent audit showed the two mismanaged the budget but did not commit fraud. “It#39;s extraordinary. Nobody would have ever imagined something happening like this at this level,” said State Treasurer Mike Coffman. “I think the state needs to learn from this.” It takes a village Coffman and district officials last week agreed on a state bailout plan freeing up a $9.8 million loan that enabled the payroll to be met for 2,700 teachers and staff in time for the holidays. The plan calls for all district employees to take a 7.1 percent pay cut beginning January 1 and a hiring freeze through June 2004. Administrators who used to pay $1 a month for family health insurance now will pay $1 for themselves and the regular premium for the rest of their families. District officials also took $1.7 million from student-activity accounts in its 38 schools. At Coffman#39;s request, the Boulder District Attorney has begun investigating the district#39;s finances. Coffman has said he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortfall until after the November election, when voters approved a $212 million bond issue for schools. In Frederick about 30 miles northeast of Denver, Bohanning and other parents of students at Prairie Ridge Elementary School are buying classroom supplies and offering to pay for groceries and utility bills to keep first-year teachers and principals in their jobs. Some $36,000 have been raised in donations from Safeway. A Chevrolet dealership chipped in $10,000 and forgave the district#39;s $10,750 bill for renting the driver education cars. IBM chipped in 4,500 reams of paper. “We employ thousands of people in this community,” said Mitch Carson, a hospital chief executive officer, who helped raise funds. “We have children in the schools, and we see how they could be affected.” At Silver Creek Middle-Senior High School, three juniors started a Web site called www.poorschool.com that displays newspaper articles, district information and an e-mail forum. “Rumors about what is happening to the district are moving at lightning speed,” site co-creator Mitch Lubbers, 17, said. “We wanted to know the truth, and spread that around instead.” 26. What has happened to the Vrain School District? {A) A huge financial problem has arisen.} B) Many schools there are mismanaged. C) Lots of teachers in the district are planning to quit. D) Many administrative personnel have been laid off. 27. How did the residents in the Vrain School District respond to the budget shortage? A) They felt somewhat helpless about it. B) They accused those responsible for it. {C) They pooled their efforts to help solve it.} D) They demanded a thorough investigation. 28. In the view of State Treasurer Mike Coffman, the educational budget shortage is _________. A) unavoidable {B) unthinkable } C) insolvable D) irreversible 29. Why did Coffman request an investigation? {A) To see if there was a deliberate cover-up of the problem.} B) To find out the extent of the consequences of the case. C) To make sure that the school principals were innocent. D) To stop the voters approving the $212 million bond issue. 30. Three high school students started a website in order to __________. A) attract greater public attention to their needs B) appeal to the public for contributions and donations C) expose officials who neglected their duties {D) keep people properly informed of the crisis} Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. “Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise.” said Dr. Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body. While here’s no question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you. In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they couldn’t get the job done. Stress that you can manage may also boost immune(免疫的) function. In a study at the Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam, researchers put volunteers through two stressful experiences. In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects believed they had control over the outcome. In the second, they weren’t in control: They had to sit through a gory(血淋淋的) video on surgical procedures. Those who did go on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin A, an antibody that#39;s the body’s first line of defense against germs. The video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody. Stress prompts the body to produce certain stress hormones. In short bursts these hormones have a positive effect, including improved memory function. “They can help nerve cells handle information and put it into storage,” says Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University in New York. But in the long run these hormones can have a harmful effect on the body and brain. “Sustained stress is not good for you,” says Richard Morimoto, a researcher at Northwestern University in Illinois studying the effects of stress on longevity(长寿), “It’s the occasional burst of stress or brief exposure to stress that could be protective.” 原文出处 Healing Power of Stress Some of those crazy, time-crunched days at the office may actually be good for you “Man SHOULD NOT try to avoid stress than he would shun food, love or exercise,“ said Dr. HansSelye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body. While there#39;s no question that prolonged stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you. In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they couldn’t get the job done. Stress that you can manage may also boost immune function. In a study at the Academic Centre for Dentistry in Amsterdam, researchers put volunteers through two stressful experiences. In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects believed they had control over the outcome. In the second, they weren#39;t in control: They had to sit through a gory video on surgical procedures. Those who did go on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin A, an antibody that#39;s the body’s first line of defense against germs. The video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody. Stress prompts the body to produce adrenaline and the stress hormonecortisol. In short bursts these hormones have a positive effect, including improved memory function. ”Cortisol and adrenaline enhances how nerve cells handle information and put it into storage,“ says Bruce McEwen, head of the laboratory of neuron endocrinology at Rockefeller University. But over the long term these hormones can have a corrosive effect on the body and brain. ”Sustained stress is not good for you,“ says Richard Morimoto, a researcher at Northwestern University studying the effects of stress on longevity. ”It#39;s the occasional burst of stress or brief exposure to environmental or physiological stress that could be protective.“ 31. The passage is mainly about ______ {A) the benefits of manageable stress} B) how to avoid stressful situations C) how to cope with stress effectively D) the effects of stress hormones on memory 32. The word “shun” (Line 1, Para.1) most probably means________. A) cut down on {B) stay away from} C) run out of D) put up with 33. We can conclude from the study of the 158 nurses in 2001 that _______ A) people under stress tend to have a poor memory B) people who can’t get their job done experience more stress {C) doing challenging work may be good for one’s health} D) stress will weaken the body’s defense against germs 34. In the experiment described in Paragraph 3, the video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody because ______. A) the video was not enjoyable at all {B) the outcome was beyond their control } C) they knew little about surgical procedures D) they felt no pressure while watching the video 35. Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University believes that ______. A) a person’s memory is determined by the level of hormones in his body B) stress hormones have lasting positive effects on the brain {C) short bursts of stress hormones enhance memory function} D) a person’s memory improves with continued experience of stress. Passage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage. If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky. If you say to your children “I’m sorry I got angry with you, but …” what follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective: “I had a bad day” or “your noise was giving me a headache” leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology. Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “I’m sorry you’re upset”; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done. Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying “I’m useless as a parent” does not commit a person to any specific improvement. These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies. But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition(痛悔), children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other children’s expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parent’s clothes without permission is not. 36. If a mother adds “but” to an apology, ________. A) she doesn’t feel that she should have apologized. B) she does not realize that the child has been hurt C) the child may find the apology easier to accept {D) the child may feel that he owes her an apology} 37. According to the author, saying “I’m sorry you’re upset” most probably means “_______”. A) You have good reason to get upset {B) I’m aware you’re upset, but I’m not to blame} C) I apologize for hurting your feelings D) I’m at fault for making you upset 38. It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because ______. A) it gets one into the habit of making empty promises B) it may make the other person feel guilty {C) it is vague and ineffective} D) it is hurtful and insulting 39. We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry ______. A) the complexities involved should be ignored {B) their ages should be taken into account} C) parents need to set them a good example D) parents should be patient and tolerant 40. It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is _________. A) a social issue calling for immediate attention B) not necessary among family members C) a sign of social progress {D) not as simple as it seems } Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 41. Some people believe that since oil is scarce, the ____ of the motor industry is uncertain. A) terminal B) benefit{C) fate }D) estimate 42. To speed up the ______ of letters, the Post Office introduced automatic sorting. A) treatment{ B) delivery}C) transmission D) departure 43. These overseas students show great ______ for learning a new language. {A) enthusiasm }B) authority C) convention D) faith 44. The defense lawyer was questioning the old man who was one of the ______ of the murder committed last month. A) observers{B) witnesses}C) audiences D) viewers 45. Politically these nations tend to be ______, with very high birth rates but poor education and very low levels of literacy. {A) unstable}B) reluctant C) rational D) unsteady 46. The chairman was blamed for letting his secretary ________too much work last week. A) take to B) take out C) take away{D) take on} 47. “You try to get some sleep. I’ll _____the patient’s breakfast,” said the nurse. {A) see to }B) stick to C) get to D) lead to 48. The London Marathon is a difficult race. _______, thousands of runners participate every year. A) Therefore B) Furthermore C) Accordingly{D) Nevertheless} 49. The bank refused to ______ him any money, so he had to postpone buying a house. A) credit B) borrow{C) loan }D) lease 50. The more a nation’s companies _______ factories abroad, the smaller that country’s recorded exports will be. A) lie B) spot C) stand{D) locate} 51. Being ignorant of the law is not accepted as an ______ for breaking the law. {A) excuse}B) intention C) option D) approval 52. Within two days, the army fired more than two hundred rockets and missiles at military _____ in the coastal city. A) goals B) aims{ C) targets}D) destinations 53. It is said in some parts of the world, goats, rather than cows, serve as a vital _____of milk. A) storage B) reserve C) resource{ D) source} 54. “This light is too______ for me to read by. Don’t we have a brighter bulb some where”, said the elderly man. A) mild{B} dim}C) minute D) slight 55. We have arranged to go to the cinema on Friday, but we can be _______ and go another day. A) reliable B) probable C) feasible{ D) flexible} 56. We are quite sure that we can ______our present difficulties and finish the task according to schedule. A) get across{B) get over}C) get away D) get off 57. ______ recent developments we do not think your scheme is practical. {A) In view of} B) In case of C) In memory of D) In favor of 58. Jessica was ______ from the warehouse to the accounting office, which was considered a promotion. A) delivered B) exchanged{C) transferred}D) transformed 59. Mr. Smith asked his secretary to ______ a new paragraph in the annual report she was typing. A) inject B) install C) invade{D) insert} 60. There’s the living room still to be _____, so that#39;s my next project. A) abandoned{B) decorated }C) dissolved D) assessed 61. The old paper mill has been ______ to make way for a new shopping centre. A) cut down B) kept down{C) torn down }D) held down 62. It may be necessary to stop ______ in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons. A) at a distanceB) at intervalsC) at case D) at length 63. You can hire a bicycle in many places. Usually you’ll have to pay a _________. A) fare B) fund{C) deposit }D) deal 64. My grandfather had always taken a _______ interest in my work, and I had an equal admiration for the stories of his time. A) splendid B) weighty C) vague{D) keen} 65. ________ quantities of water are being used nowadays with the rapid development of industry and agriculture. {A) Excessive}B) Extensive C) Extreme D) Exclusive 66. John cannot afford to go to university, _______ going abroad. A) nothing but B) anything but{C) not to speak of}D) nothing to speak of 67. Most laboratory and field studies of human behavior ______ taking a situational photograph at a given time and in a given place. {A) involve}B) compose C) enclose D) attach 68. If you don’t like to swim, you _____ as well stay at home. A) should{ B) may}C) can D) would 69. Dr. Smith was always ______ the poor and the sick, often providing them with free medical care. A) reminded of B) absorbed in C) tended by{D) concerned about} 70. Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on July 4, 1826, the fiftieth ______ of American Independence. A) ceremony B) occasion C) occurrence{D) anniversary} Part IV Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A] ,[B] ,[C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. As a physician who travels quite a lot, I spend a lot of time on planes listening for that dreaded “Is there a doctor on board?” announcement. I’ve been 71 only once ― for a woman who had merely fainted. But the 72 made me quite curious about how 73 this kind of thing happens I wondered what I would do if 74 with a real midair medical emergency ― without access 75 a hospital staff and the usual emergency equipment. So 76 the New England Journal of Medicine last week 77 a study about in-flight medical events, I read it 78 interest. The study estimated that there are a(n) 79 of 30 in-flight medical emergencies on U.S. flights every day. Most of them are not 80; fainting and dizziness are the most frequent complaints. 81 13% of them ― roughly four a day ― are serious enough to 82 a pilot to change course. The most common of the serious emergencies 83 heart trouble, strokes, and difficulty breathing. Let’s face it: plane rides are 84. For starters, cabin pressures at high altitudes are set at roughly 85 they would be if you lived at 5,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level. Most people can tolerate these pressures pretty 86, but passengers with heart disease 87 experience chest pains as a result of the reduced amount of oxygen flowing through their blood. 88 common in-flight problem is deep venous thrombosis ― the so-called economy class syndrome (综合症). 89 happens, don’t panic. Things are getting better on the in-flight-emergency front. Thanks to more recent legislation, flights with at 90 one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits to treat heart attacks. 完形文章的出处： Is There a Doctor Onboard? As a physician who travels quite a bit, I spend a lot of time on planes listening for that dreaded ” Is there a doctor onboard?“ announcement. I#39;ve been called only once--for a woman who had merely fainted. But the incident made me curious about how often this kind of thing happens. I wondered what I would do if confronted with a real midair medical emergency--without access to a hospital staff and the usual emergency equipment. So when the New England Journal of Medicine last week published a study about in-flight medical events, I read it with interest. The study estimated that there are an average of 30 in-flight medical emergencies on US flights every day. Most of them are not grave; fainting, dizziness and hyperventilation are the most frequent complaints. But 13% of them―roughly four a day--are serious enough to require a pilot to change course. The most common of the serious emergencies include heart trouble (46%), strokes and other neurological problems (18%), and difficulty breathing (6%). Let#39;s face it: plane rides are stressful. For starters, cabin pressures at high altitudes are set at roughly what they would be if you lived at 5000 to 8000 feet above sea level. Most people can tolerate these pressures pretty easily, But passengers with heart disease may experience chest pains as a result of the reduced amount of oxygen flowing through their blood. Low pressure can also cause the air in body cavities to expand -- as much as 30%. Again, most people won’t notice anything beyond mild stomach cramping. But if you#39;ve recently had an operation, your wound could open and if a medical device has been implanted in your body--a splint, a tracheotomy tube or a catheter--it could expand and cause injury. Another common in-flight problem is deep venous thrombosis--the so-called economy-class syndrome. when you sit too long in a cramped position, the blood in your legs tends to clot. Most people just get sore calves. But blood clots, left untreated, could travel to the lungs, causing breathing difficulties and even death. Such clots are readily prevented by keeping blood flowing; walk and stretch your legs when possible. Whatever you do, don’t panic. things are looking up on the in-flight-emergency front. Doctors who come to passengers#39; aid used to worry about getting sued; their fears have lifted somewhat since the 1998 Aviation medical Assistance Act gave them ”good Samaritan" protection. and thanks to more recent legislation, flights with at least one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits with automated defibrillators to treat heart attacks. are you still wondering if you are healthy enough to fly? if you can walk 150 ft. or climb a flight of stairs without getting winded, you#39;ll probably do just fine. Having a Doctor close by doesn’t hurt, either. 71{A) called }C) Informed B) addressed D) surveyed 72 A) Accident{C) incident} B) condition D) disaster 73 A) soon C) many B) long{D} often} 74{A) confronted }C) identified B) treated D) provided 75 A) for C) by {B} to}D) through 76 A) before{ C) when} B) since D) while 77 A) collected C) discovered B) conducted{D} published} 78 A) by{C) with} B) of D) in 79 A) amount C) sum {B) average}D) number 80 A) significant C) common B) heavy{ D} serious} 81 A) For{C) But} B) On D) So 82{A) require}C) engage B) inspire D) command 83{A) include }C) imply B) confine D) contain 84 A) enjoyable C) tedious B) stimulating{D) stressful} 85 A) who C) which {B} what }D) that 86 A) harshly{C) easily} B) reluctantly D) casually 87 A) ought to C) used to {B) may}D) need 88 A) Any C) Other B) One{D} Another} 89{A) Whatever}C) Whenever C) Whichever D) Wherever 90 A) most{ C) least} B) worst D) best Part V. Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given below: 1.名校校园正成为旅游新热点 2.校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同 3.我认为…… Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? There is a heated debate over whether the university campus should be open to tourists, as more and more people list famous universities as tourist attractions. It is commonly accepted that university campus should embrace tourists from across the country. In contrast, others think that the university campus should be closed to tourists. Those who hold the first opinion suggest that the university is mainly funded by the state and the taxpayers have the right to look around the university. In their view, the tourists, both parents and prospective students, can enjoy the beautiful scenery as well as the academic, cultural and historical atmosphere during their visits. However, others think the interests of the university and its students should be taken into account. They argue that too many tourists will add a burden to the security department of the university and destroy the quiet environment for the student to study effectively. 高考结束后, 笔者认真研究了2016年高考英语全国新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ卷的试题, 在此基础上对三套试卷的“英语知识运用”部分第一节完形填空进行了详尽的对比分析, 包括语篇的话题、体裁、词数、难度、难点词、搭配、长难句等, 同时从语篇的关键词、背景、结构、内容、百科知识等多维度进行了分析对比。特别对语言知识运用、考点难点和能力考查作了细致的分析对比, 以利于2017年复习备考。 一、原题文本呈现 (答题选项省略) 1.全国I卷 (乙卷) 2.全国II卷 (甲卷) 3.全国III卷 (丙卷) 二、试题对比评析 (一) 文本评析 1. 语篇话题、题材及难易度对比 2. 语篇解读 篇2：uml复习试题及答案a卷
篇3：uml复习试题及答案a卷
(二) 考点及难题评析
1. 全国I、II、III卷完形填空题考点分布可见下表:
(1) 全国新课标I卷完形填空题的具体考查内容
在20个题目中, 选项词类丰富, 覆盖面广, 科学合理, 涉及动词或动词短语、名词、形容词、副词、连词、介词短语和代词7大词类, 突出对动词和名词的考查。大多数考生都认为难度不大, 比较容易得分。词语方面考查的重点仍以实词为主, 20个题目中, 7个为动词或动词短语, 4个为名词, 3个为形容词, 1个为副词, 1个为代词, 3个为连词, 1个为介词短语。要求考生具备相应的词语辨析、逻辑推理、归纳概括、语篇理解、情景运用和文化、生活常识等方面的能力。
(2) 全国新课标II卷完形填空题的具体考查内容
在20个题目中, 选项的词类没有全国I卷多, 覆盖面窄, 仅考查动词或动词短语、名词、形容词、副词, 介词或介词短语5大词类, 未涉及代词和连词, 且试题多集中于考查动词或动词短语、名词和形容词。20个题目中, 6个为动词或动词短语, 4个为名词, 5个为形容词, 3个为副词, 2个为介词或介词短语。另外, 2016年全国新课标II卷完形填空题重点考查考生对语篇的细致理解, 有将近11个题需要联系上下文来解答 (如, 第41、43、45、46、48、49、54、55、56、57和58题) , 直接考查词汇辨析的题目明显减少。
(3) 全国新课标III卷完形填空题的具体考查内容
在20个题目中, 选项词类丰富, 覆盖面广, 类似新课标I卷, 考点科学合理, 涉及除了介词以外的动词或动词短语, 名词, 形容词, 副词, 代词和连词6大词类, 突出对动词、名词和形容词的考查。20个题目中, 5个为动词或动词短语, 6个为名词, 5个为形容词, 2个为副词, 1个为代词, 1个为连词。文章主线清晰, 题目难度适中, 单词不偏不怪, 线索中规中矩。考生只要沉着冷静, 不难得到高分。
2. 难题评析
(1) 全国新课标I卷
【解析】“travel”可用于表示“前行, 移动”, 对此, 学生不是很熟悉, 容易误选touring。这里涉及词义辨析, 我们知道C是指长途旅行, B是指短途观光, 这个人在165国道, 标了数字的一般是长途国道, 而且, 到这个地方是为了工作, 所以, 不应该选带有娱乐性质的选项。
【解析】此题比较难, 如果不能明辨“passengers”和“customers”的差异, 容易选错答案。从前文“...works with Transport Drivers”, 我们知道, Larry在一家运输公司工作, 要给客户送货, 所以, 答案选D。
【解析】答案选C。根据“...he got closer, he found...”可知, 当Larry开车驶近的时候, 他发现了其他情况。as意为“当……的时候”, 符合语境。
【解析】44题选B, 根据上文“he saw a car...”可知, 此处是指Larry又发现了一辆车。45题选A, 根据下文提到的“fire”, 我们可以判断车辆着火了。解答这两道题既要联系上下文, 又要结合基本的生活常识。
【解析】A.come down下降;B.come through经历, 度过;C.come in进来;D.come over过来。根据and后内容可知, 小汽车的司机走了过来。
【解析]】make an emergency call是固定搭配, 意为打紧急电话。所以说, 答案选C。
【解析】答案选A, 根据上下文可知, 正当Larry和那位司机交流时, 他们听到翻倒的车内传出声音, 表顺承, 故选then。
【解析】从上文可知, 消防等紧急救援人员赶到现场, 包括交通警察在内。另外, 本段最后一句为“They let him and the other man go”, 由they可推断本题应选名词复数或集合名词, 故选B。
(2) 全国新课标II卷
【解析】考查副词及上下文的衔接。“虽然你们之间的距离很远, 但是, 他们只要通过你的声音, 就可以了解你。”上下文之间是转折关系, 所以, 使用副词yet串联前后语义即可。yet, 也有“但是”的意思, 故B正确。
【解析】考查具体名词和上下文复现。前面一直说电话, 后面也提到电话, 即前文“device (装置) on your desk”和后文“only by phone”都提到了电话, 直接选择A.telephone。
注:2016年全国新课标II卷完形填空中, 考查语篇中上下文复现的题非常多, 有一半左右的答案可以在上下文中找到。解答第45题时, 根据第一段的描述, 以及下文“only by phone”, 我们可知, 本文介绍的是电话, 人们可以通过电话了解你。语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象, 如, 与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现, 结构同现, 同义同现, 修饰同现, 因果同现等。因此, 利用上下文寻找解题信息, 确定正确答案是解答完形填空题的重要技巧之一。
【解析】答案为D。考查形容词及上下文的衔接。现实生活中的她体贴大方, 而我之前却认为她很冷漠, 甚至产生了想要另找代理的想法。当时, 我暗自责备自己的错觉和武断……由此说明, 仅凭电话了解一个人, 有时很不准确。故D项正确。
(3) 全国新课标III卷
【解析】联系后半句“Miller是最好的”, 结合上文, 根据“我唯一的目标是成为球队里的球星, ”可知“那意味着击败Miller”, B符合文意。
【知识能力要求】本题考查动词短语辨析, A选项为“鼓舞”, B选项为“击败”, C选项为“信赖”, D选项为“与……待在一起。”
【解析】联系前文“football team”, 可知, Miller是最好的球员, D选项符合文意。
【知识能力要求】本题考查名词辨析, A选项为“教练”, B选项为“学生”, C选项为“老师”, D选项为“球员”。
【解析】联系上一句“足球赛季开始于九月, 整个夏天我都在训练”, 可知“为了训练我到哪儿都带着足球”, A选项符合文意。
【知识能力要求】本题考查名词辨析, A选项为“练习”, B选项为“表演”, C选项为“安慰, 舒适”, D选项为“乐趣”。
【解析】结合上文可知, Miller失去了右臂, “但是他没有哭”, 可知, 他看上去“苍白无力”, A选项符合文意。
【知识能力要求】本题考查形容词辨析, A选项为“苍白的, 无力的”, B选项为“平静的”, C选项为“放松的”, D选项为“羞愧的”。
【解析】结合下文可知, “Miller接受了挑战, 慢慢移向栅栏”。由此可以推测, 此句意为“我可以确定, 在这个世界上, 他最不想接受我的帮助”, C选项符合文意。
【知识能力要求】本题考查名词辨析, A选项为“称赞”, B选项为“建议”, C选项为“帮助”, D选项为“道歉”。
【解析】结合前文“我常常做梦, 感觉自己应该为Miller的事故负责”, 可知“他的话让我从噩梦中解脱”, D选项符合文意。
【知识能力要求】本题考查名词辨析, A选项为“记忆, 回忆”, B选项为“主意, 想法”, C选项为“态度”, D选项为“梦”。
【解析】结合前文“我的目标是击败Miller”, 可知, 此处意为“我之前想要挑战他是正确的”, A选项符合文意。
【知识能力要求】本题考查动词辨析, A选项为“挑战”, B选项为“治愈”, C选项为“邀请”, D选项为“钦佩”。
【解析】此句为全文结尾句, 联系全文主旨, 结合and后的a little more real, 可知此处意为“从那天开始, 我变得更强大, 更真实”, B选项符合文意。
【知识能力要求】本题考查形容词辨析, A选项为“更健康”, B选项为“更大”, C选项为“更聪明”, D选项为“更冷静/凉爽”。
无论是I卷、II卷还是III卷, 完形填空试题均要求考生运用词汇知识填补短文, 使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。这道题重点考查考生在具体的语境中正确理解词汇意义和灵活运用词汇的能力;同时, 也考查学生的阅读理解能力、逻辑推理能力以及跨文化交际的意识。因此, 考生要在掌握文章主旨大意的基础上, 深入理解语篇、语境和语意, 正确把握上下文之间的逻辑关系和语义的连贯性, 准确把握词汇在语篇层面的意义, 在此基础上, 结合上下文, 选出正确答案。若选项的词义反差较大, 不涉及同义词或近义词的词义辨析, 那么, 该题着重考查考生根据语境正确理解单词或短语的含义。试题在测试考生运用英语词汇知识的同时, 注重考查考生的情感态度、价值观以及文化意识, 突出新课标中对语言文化特征和人文素养的考查, 对考生有很好的教育意义。
三、2017年复习备考建议
综上所述, 纵观历年的高考卷, 我们知道, 完形填空题具有明确稳定的命题风格与题型特点, 而且能够比较客观地反映考生综合运用语言知识的能力。在解题过程中, 既要求考生熟练运用所掌握的词汇 (词义、用法、搭配) 及语法知识, 又要求考生具备较强的阅读能力, 以及相应的篇章知识, 能够根据上下文的线索通篇考虑, 并结合个人所具备的常识, 以及逻辑思维、推理等与语言运用相关的经验, 做出正确的判断和最佳选择。其次, 完形填空的选项思路清晰, 具有以下命题特点:每小题所设的四个选项一般都属于相同的词类、相同的语义范畴, 长短相宜, 避免了对答案的明显暗示;错误选项也多半可以和空前、空后文字形成某种搭配, 从而起到一定的干扰作用。选项所用词汇基本不重复, 尽可能扩大考查内容的覆盖面。
基于以上特点, 笔者对2017年高考英语语言运用第一节完形填空的复习备考, 提出如下建议, 仅供参考。
(一) 复习教学中, 教师应强化完形填空题解题的原则和策略
1. 依据上下文确定答案的原则
与近几年的情况相同, 2016年高考全国卷 (I、II、III卷) 中的完形填空题, 近义词或近义短语的测试力度逐渐加强, 并成为测试热点。四个选项或词义相近, 或为近义动词的同一时态, 或为名词的单复数搭配。若选项的词义差异很大, 必然在文章中藏有提示语。正因为如此, 往往在解答第一个题目时, 需要读完全篇短文才能准确回答。
2. 词语语义强于语法的原则
完形填空题的首句不留空, 目的就是告知考生短文中故事的四要素:地点、时间、人物和事由。再者, 单纯的语法题已基本退出该题型的测试范畴, 所以, 教师在指导学生复习备考时, 首先要告知他们这种命题趋势。如果四个选项的词语都符合语法规则, 那么, 学生在解答该题时, 就必须先全面理解篇章语义, 然后再结合正确的语言结构选出准确的答案。
3. 解题“四步法”原则
第一步:跳读。学生应先带着空格通读全文, 了解短文大意, 判别短文文体, 同时, 及时解答会做的题。
第二步:选答。这一步最为关键, 要求考生认真推敲每一道题, 但是, 教师要告诫他们不必严格按照顺序答题, 对那些拿不准的题可以先跳过去, 遵循先易后难的解题原则。
第三步:推敲。这实际上就要求考生通盘考虑完形填空短文的篇章结构, 对其中一些需要依据上下文语境来考虑的、比较难解答的题, 以及句子之间和段落之间的逻辑关联较强的题进行认真的推敲、甄别、筛选和抉择。
第四步:复查。这是解答这类题的最后一步, 要求考生解完题后, 务必再把文章通读一遍, 从整体上准确把握文章的真正意思, 并及时改正不正确的答案。
(二) 应试技巧训练
1. 语境信息解题
完形填空题已经淡化了语法结构类的题目, 选项重在语意干扰, 也就是说, 命题者要求考生能把具体的语言知识融入具体的语境中去考虑, 因此, 考生应具备通过上下文提示、暗示或铺垫, 对篇章进行整体把握的能力。所以, 快速浏览全文, 迅速领悟篇章主旨, 通过上下文语境选择答案是解决完形填空的关键。
2. 利用语法结构解题
高考完形填空题基本都是在语境中考查考生对语法知识的掌握程度, 单纯考查语法的题很少。而在完形填空题中, 考查的语法项目主要有动词的各种时态、语态和语气、谓语和非谓语形式等。所以, 这类题需要考生有较为扎实的语法基础知识, 能够通过句式结构辨别相关的关联词、连词、副词、形容词或相应的动词, 当然还要考虑主谓一致的关系等语法知识要点。不过, 切记解答这类题目时, 必须在语法正确的前提下, 再考虑其他方面的因素。
3. 复现解题法
这类题多为同义词、近义词和反义词的复现或同义词、近义词和反义词异形复现的形式。这种测试手法主要考查考生的整体篇章意识和根据上下文推断的能力。
4. 利用固定搭配解题
这类题目与语法结构题有点类似, 但要求考生熟练掌握惯用搭配, 讲究词与词的搭配, 涉及关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。
5. 利用逻辑语气解题
这类题目要求考生先了解全文的人物、时间、地点等信息, 然后, 再分析句子与句子之间的关系, 段落与段落之间的关系来解题。这种逻辑语气主要包含并列、递进、因果、转折和委婉语气等。这类题目的选项多为连词、副词或具有连词意义的各类短语。
6. 利用文化背景和生活常识解题
篇4：《房屋建筑学》A卷试题及答案
《房屋建筑学》试卷（A卷）
参考答案
教学点（直属班）巴中教学中心
年级2014
建筑工程技术
层次：专科
一、填空题
1、大量性
2、失去支持能力、构件完整被性破坏
3、燃烧体、不燃烧体难燃烧体4、20
5、天然地基、人工地基
6、持力层
7、错缝
8、门窗洞口上墙体的重量
9、伸缩缝、沉降缝、防震缝
10、墙承式、悬挑式
11、垂直、水平12、23、45
13、通风、反射降温、植被、蓄水
14、先立口、后塞口
15、家具和设备所占面积、人使用家具和设备及活动所需面积、室内交通面积组成16、温度变形、结构变形
17、矩形
18、单一房间平面、平面组合19、18、3
20、单元式
二、单项选择题
1、A
2、D
3、C
4、D
5、C
6、B
7、C
8、D
9、D
10、C
11、A
12、C
13、D
14、B
15、B
三、判断题
1、×
2、√
3、√
4、√
5、×
6、×
7、√
8、√
9、×
10、×
四、简答题
1、答：因为基础埋于冻结土中，在冬季低温的时候，土的冻胀会把基础抬起；春季气温回升，土层解冻，体积变小，基础就会下沉，因此造成了基础每年会同期性的处于不稳定状态。
2、答：降雨量大的地区，屋面渗漏的可能性较大，屋顶的排水坡度应适当加大；反之，屋顶排水坡度则宜小一些。
3、答：⑴屋面分格缝实质上是屋面防水层上设置的变形缝。其目的在于：①防止温度变形引起防水层开裂；②防止结构变形将防水层拉坏。因此屋面分格建的位置应设置在温度变形允许的范围以内和结构变形敏感的部位。
⑵一般情况下分格缝间距不宜大于6m。
⑶①防水层内的钢筋在分格缝处应断开；
②屋面板缝用浸过沥青的木丝板等密封材料嵌填，缝口用油膏等嵌填；
③缝口表面用防水卷材铺贴盖缝，卷材的宽度为200~300mm。
4、（2）在防水层中结构敏感部位设分格缝。
篇5：uml复习试题及答案a卷
分数：
一、名词解释（每题5分，共计10分）
1、贮存式自体输血
2、输血不良反应
二、单项选择题（每题2.5分，共计25分）
1、国家十八周岁至五十五周岁的健康公民自愿献血。
A、规定
B、倡导
C、提倡
D、要求
2、输血前医务人员应严格核对哪些内容？
A、血型
B、配血单和血袋标签中的各项内容
C、配血单有无空项
D、血袋包装
3、亲属为患者输血时，应由下列哪项来完成？
A、找熟人完成 B、由治疗医院完成 C、病人亲属自己找医院完成 D、由正规采血机构完成
4、《输血治疗病程记录表》应在每次输血治疗后小时内填写。
A、6
B、12
C、24
D、48
5、突发事件时，边远地区，无正式血站或中心血库，当地医疗机构应急采血抢救后几日内报告当地县以上人民政府行政主管部门？
A 当时
B 3日内
C 7日内
D 10日内
6、全血、红细胞、血浆冷藏温度应控制在以下哪项?
A、4-6℃ B、2-6℃ C、-2--6℃ D、20-24℃
7、违反用血管理办法的医疗机构应负什么责任？
A、由县以上人民政府卫生行政部门依照有关法律、法规给予行政处罚，情节严
第页,共4页
重构成犯罪的依法追究刑事责任。
B、批评教育
C、办学习班提高认识
D、下不为例
8、医院输血科职责：
A、负责储血、配血、发血
B、负责临床输血技术指导和监督管理，指导临床血液、血液成分和血液制品的合理使用，协调处理临床输血工作的重大问题
C、申报用血计划
D、推广成分输血
9、医疗机构临床用血应遵循的原则
A、遵照合理、科学的原则制定用血计划，不得浪费和滥用血液
B、沿用传统输血、病人失多少血，补多少的输血原则
C、随时与血站联系，急用急取的原则
D、根据临床需要，随用随取的原则
10、血小板储存温度下列哪项最正确？
A、20-22℃
B、22-24℃
C、20-24℃
D、24-26℃
三、填空题（每空1.5分，共计45分）
1、国家实行无偿献血制度。血站对献血者每次采集血液量一般为，最多不得超过，两次采集间隔期不少于。
2、临床输血治疗的目的： 和。
3、输血前五项检查包、、、、。
4、病历保存的主要输血文书有：输血前五项检查检验报告单、、及交叉配血报告单；输血科保存的输血文书有：临床输血申请单和。
5、临床用血分级管理：同一患者一天申请备血量毫升的，由具有
以上专业技术职务任职资格的医师提出申请，核准签发后，方可备血；同一患者一天申请备血量在800毫升至1600毫升的，由具有中级以上专业技术职务任职资格的第页,共4页
医师提出申请，经审核，核准签发后，方可备血； 同一患者一天申请备血量达到或超过1600毫升的，由具有中级以上专业技术职务任职资格的医师提出申请，核准签发后，报
批准，方可备血，同时填写。
6、RhD阴性患者需要输注时，可按ABO同型或相容性输注，RhD血型可忽略。紧急情况下，患者为RhD阴性，没有检测到抗-D，男性患者或无生育需求的女性患者可输RhD阳性红细胞，但必须，并在《输血治疗同意书》上注明：若有抗体产生，以后输血只能。
7、输血的时间限制：全血或红细胞应该在离开冰箱后内开始输注，一袋血要在内输注完毕。一袋血内未输注完毕则应废弃。浓缩血小板收到后尽快输注，要求以患者可以耐受的较快速度输入，每袋血小板应在
内输注完毕。新鲜冰冻血浆及冷沉淀融化后应尽快输注，要求以患者可以耐受的较快速度输入，对成年患者来说，200ml新鲜冰冻血浆应在内输完，一个单位的冷沉淀应在内输完。
四、问答题（每题10分，共计20分）
1、填写《输血治疗申请单》时应注意的问题？
第页,共4页
2、输血不良反应处理预案中临床医师对症处理措施？（临床医师必做）
3、输血不良反应处理预案中输血科工作人员应对措施？（检验科必做）
第页,共4页
A卷答案
一、名词解释
1、贮存式自体输血：指择期手术前对估计需输血的病人进行自体血储备，供手术中或术后使用。根据预测术中出血量的多少，在术前7-21天，采用“蛙跳法”采集血1-3袋。
2、输血不良反应：指在输血过程中或输血之后，受血者发生了与输血有关的新的异常表现或疾病。
二、选择题：CBDDD
BABAC
三、填空题 1、200ml；400ml；6个月
2、提高血液的携氧能力、纠正止凝血功能异常
3、肝功1号（谷丙转氨酶）、乙肝两对半、丙肝抗体、梅毒螺旋体特异性抗体、艾滋病病毒抗体
4、输血治疗知情同意书、输血治疗病程记录表、输血不良反应汇报单
5、少于800ml、中级、上级医师；上级医师、科室主任；科主任、医疗管理部、大量输血申请单
6、血浆和冷沉淀；征得患者或其亲属同意的、RhD阴性血 7、30分钟、2小时、4小时、20分钟、20分钟、10分钟
四、问答题
1、填写《输血治疗申请单》时应注意的问题？
（1）注意妊娠史、输血史（2）病人资料填写完整（3）输血前五项检查（4）双人双级双签名（5）填写不得有涂改现象
（6）《输血申请单》应在输血前一日送到输血科备血（7）急诊输血事后6小时内按照以上补办手续
2、输血不良反应处理预案中临床医师对症处理措施？（临床医师必做）
第页,共4页
①抗休克、扩容、利尿、碱化尿液、透析、预防肾功能衰竭。② DIC防治。③激素、换血治疗等。
④输血科（血库）对输血不良反应进行相关检测和评估，详细填写评估记录。与临床医师合作尽快找出输血反应原因，及时上报医疗管理部，资料保存十年。⑤如属医疗事故应指派专人妥善保管有关的各种原始资料，严禁伪造、隐匿、销毁。对现场实物及检验所用标本在医患双方现场核对后封存保留以备检验。注：同时停止同一病房或手术室所有输血，防止标本错误。
3、输血不良反应处理预案中输血科工作人员应对措施？（检验科必做）
①核对用血申请单、血袋标签、交叉配血试验记录。
②核对受血者及供血者ABO血型，Rh（D）血型。用保存于冰箱中的受血者和供血者血样、新采集的受血者血样、血袋中血样，重测ABO血型、Rh（D）血型、不规则抗体筛选及交叉配血试验（包括盐水相和非盐水相试验）。
③立即抽取受血者血液加肝素抗凝剂，分离血浆，观察血浆颜色，测定血浆游离血红蛋白含量。
④立即抽取受血者血液，检测血清胆红素含量、血浆游离血红蛋白含量、血浆结合珠蛋白测定、直接抗人球蛋白试验并检测相关抗体效价，如发现特殊抗体，应作进一步鉴定。
⑤如怀疑细菌污染性输血反应，抽取血袋中血液做细菌学检验。⑥尽早检测血常规、尿常规及尿血红蛋白。
⑦必要时，溶血反应发生后5-7小时测血清胆红素含量。
⑧剩余的血制品及《临床输血不良回报单》送回血站进行血液质量检测，待血液质量检测结果出来后输血科报告给临床。
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