名词性从句考点（精选十篇）
名词性从句考点 篇1
【专题导航】
名词性从句在整个句子里面主要起名词的作用, 它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目, 近年的高考各套试题都有所涉及, 且每年的命题各有变化, 但高考题中所涉及的名词性从句主要聚焦在如下一些考点上。
考点一: what引导的名词性从句是高考设题的热点
what不但有意义, 而且要在句中充当成分, 也就是说, what引导的从句在句中要充当主语、宾语、表语, 同时what还要在从句中充当宾语、主语、表语或定语, 只要符合这两个条件, 就得用what引导。
【典例1】_____makes the book so ex- traordinary is the creative imagination of the writ- er. ( 2013年北京卷)
A. That B. What
C. Who D. Which
【解析】B。由句子结构可知: “_____makes the book so extraordinary”是主语从句, 且从句中缺少主语, 故用what。主语从句作主语, 谓语动词用单数is。
【典例2】Police have found_______ap- pears to be the lost ancient statue. ( 2013年全国Ⅰ卷)
A. which B. where
C. how D. what
【解析】D。“____appears to be the lost ancient statue”是宾语从句, 且从句中缺少主语, 故选关系代词what。
【典例3】Some people care much about their appearance and always ask if they look fine in_____they are wearing. ( 2013年上海卷)
A. that B. what
C. how D. which
【解析】B。“___they are wearing”是介词in的宾语, 且从句中缺少宾语, 填what。
【典例4】—I'd like to start my own business—that's____I'd do if I had the money.
A. why B. when
C. which D. what
【解析】D。“____I'd do”是表语从句, 所填词在从句中作do的宾语, 指物, 用what。
注意: what等引导主语从句的句子谓语一般用单数。如果表达复数内容, 谓语用复数。如:
①What we need are many learned students. 我们需要的是许多学识渊博的学生。
②What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。
【典例1】_____I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. ( 2013年天津卷)
A. That B. Which
C. Whether D. What
【解析】D。从句“____I want to tell you”作主语, 句子的谓语动词是is ( 单数) 。
【典例2】____you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. ( 2013年四川卷)
A. When B. How
C. What D. That
【解析】C。从句“____you said at the meeting”作主语, 谓语是describes ( 单数) 。
考点二: that引导的名词性从句是高考设题的重点
that从句表示的是一个事实, 它引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句。that只起连接词作用, 在从句中不担任任何成分, 本身也没有词义。
【典例1】Experts believe____people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. ( 2013年北京卷)
A. why B. where
C. that D. what
【解析】C。动词believe之后为宾语从句, 从句中不缺少成分, 故用that表陈述一件实事。
【典例2】The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief____you are better than anyone else on the sports field. ( 2013年浙江卷)
A. howB. that
C. whichD. whether
【解析】B。“you are better than anyone else on the sports field”是belief的具体内容, 叙述的是事实, 用that引导。
【典例3】It suddenly occurred to him_____ he had left his keys in the office.
A. whether B. where
C. which D. that
【解析】D。it作形式主语, 真正的主语为that he had left his keys in the office。且that在句中无意义, 不充当任何成分。
注意: that连接宾语从句时, that可以省略。但由and或but所连接的两个引导的宾语从句时, 第一个从句中的that可以省, 第二个从句中的that不能省; 如果从句中还有其他状语从句, 引导宾语从句的that不能省略。
【典例】Having checked the doors were closed, and____all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.
A. why B. that
C. when D. where
【解析】选B。
考点三: wh - 词引导的名词性从句是高考设题的难点
1. whoever, whatever, whichever引导的名词性从句。
whoever相当于anyone who; whichever相当于anyone/anything that; whatever相当于any- thing that, 这三个词可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句, 在从句中都可以作主语、宾语、表语, 但whichever可作名词的前置定语 ( 表示有范围) , whatever有时也作名词的前置定语 ( 表示无范围) 。
【典例1】____one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. ( 2013年江西卷)
A. Whoever B. Whatever
C. Whichever D. Wherever
【解析】C。主语从句“___one of you breaks the window”中主语one前缺少定语, 用whichever“不管你们中的哪一个”。
【典例2】As many five courses are provid- ed, and you are free to choose____suits you best.
A. whatever B. whichever
C. whenever D. wherever
【解析】B。所填词引导的从句作动词choose的宾语, 引导词在从句中作主语, 故选B。其余选项与句意不符。
【典例3】The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for___he could find about Mark Twain.
A. wherever B. however
C. whatever D. whichever
【解析】C。从句“____he could find about Mark Twain”作介词for的宾语, 且从句谓语动词find缺少宾语, 所以用whatever。
【典例4】We promise_____attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
A. whoB. whom
C. whoeverD. whomever
【解析】C。promise sb sth“向某人承诺某事”, whoever引导宾语从句“___attends the party”, 参加聚会的任何人whoever = anyone who。不定式to have a photo taken with the movie star作chance的定语。本句指的是向参加聚会的人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会。
2. whether和if引导的名词性从句。
whether可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句, 而if只可引导宾语从句。在宾语从句中, whether可以与or ( not) 连用, 或作介词的宾语, 而if不可以。
【典例1】It remains to be seen____ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice. ( 2013年陕西卷)
A. that B. which
C. what D. whether
【解析】D。remains to be seen“拭目以待”的事情应是不确定的事 ( 用whether表“是否”) , that表陈述, which和what表示疑问。
【典例2】The limits of a person's intelli- gence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ______he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. ( 2012年安徽卷)
A. whereB. whether
C. thatD. why
【解析】B。把插入语generally speaking删掉, 句子就简单了, but引导并列句, 前后表示转折。whether he reaches these limits是第二个分句的主语。
【典例3】It doesn't matter____you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
A. howB. whether
C. whatD. why
【解析】B。前面的it是形式主语, 后面的whether是真正的主语, 句意为: 在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。whether引导主语从句, 意为“是否”, 其他选项都不符合句意。
【典例4】We've offered her the job, but I don't know_____she'll accept it.
A. where B. what
C. whether D. which
【解析】C。根据句意“我们提供给她这份工作, 但我不知道她是否会接受”。whether有“是否”的意思, 在从句中不作成分。
考点四: who, whom, whose, which等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句是高考设题的冷点
who在从句中作主语, whom作宾语, whose作名词的定语, which主要是作名词的前置定语, 但在一定的上下文中可省略名词, 作主语、宾语或表语。而where, when, how, why等连接副词在从句中作状语。
【典例1】Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell____close you may be to victory. ( 2013年湖南卷)
A. how B. that
C. which D. where
【解析】A。句意为: 别为任何失败泄气, 你永远无法知道你离胜利有多近。宾语从句“____close you may be to victory”是由连接副词how修饰形容词close引导的。
【典例2】Scientists study___human brains work to make computers. ( 2012年四川卷)
A. whenB. how
C. thatD. whether
【解析】B。根据句意“科学家研究人类大脑如何工作以制造出电脑。”判断此空应填表示方式的词how。
【典例3】It was never clearthe man hadn't reported the accident sooner.
A. that B. how
C. when D. why
【解析】D。“____the man hadn't re- ported the accident sooner. ”是主语从句, 由was never clear判断, 选why表示“……的原因”。
【典例4】—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
—That's_____I don't agree. You should have a more active life.
A. where B. how
C. when D. what
【解析】A。句意为: ———我宁愿星期天整天关在屋子里听音乐。———这正是我不赞成的一点。你应该有更积极的生活。agree为不及物动词, 不缺少宾语, 因此不选what; 强调上文所提到的“那一点上” ( where) 有不同的意见, 而不是强调方式 ( how) 或时间 ( when) 。
【典例5】How much one enjoys himself trav- elling depends largely on_____he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.
A. what B. who
C. how D. why
【解析】B。根据句意及句末的whether his friends or relatives可知应是和谁去。
考点五: 名词性从句中的隔离从句是高考设题的焦点
1. 同位语从句中, 从句较长, 为避免句子结构的“头重脚轻”, 把从句与同位名词分开。解题时要根据句子意思确定是同位语从句, 排除隔离成分的干扰。
【典例】Evidence has been found through years of study____children's early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up. ( 2012年重庆卷)
A. why B. how
C. whether D. that
【解析】D。分析句子结构可知, 空白处后面为句子主语“Evidence”的同位语从句, 在从句中, 句意完整, 不缺少成分, 应该使用that作为引导词。
2. 含有believe, imagine, suggest, suppose, think, expect等动词的插入语。在宾语从句中可以以陈述的形式出现, 也可以以疑问的形式出现, 如果后面跟含有特殊疑问词作连词的宾语从句, 则疑问词要置于句首“疑问词 + do you suppose / think / believe + 陈述语序”, 解题时把插入成分去掉, 这样句子便显得简洁, 很容易看出句子的本来结构。
【典例】Mum is coming. What present_____ for your birthday?
A. you expect she has got
B. you expect has she got
C. do you expect she has got
D. do you expect has she got
【解析】C。do you expect是插入成分, 后面用陈述语序。
3. 名词性从句中含有插入成分, 对试题进行干扰。
【典例】____was most important to her, she told me, was her family.
A. It B. This
C. What D. As
【解析】C。she told me是插入语, 分析句子结构可知, 第二个was是整个句子的谓语动词。所选词须是连词用来引导主语从句。what引导名词性从句在从句中作主语。
考点六: 名词性从句高考设题的其他关注点
1. 名词性从句中的it
在主语从句和宾语从句中, 为了避免头重脚轻, 通常用it作形式主语或形式宾语, 而把真正的主语从句或宾语从句后置。另外, 在hate, enjoy, like, love, appreciate等表心理方面的动词之后, 可用it充当形式宾语, 再加if/ wh-从句作真正宾语。
【典例1】It is by no means clear _____the president can do to end the strike.
A. how B. which
C. that D. what
【解析】D。从句中谓语动词do后面缺少宾语。it是形式主语, 真正的主语是后面的what从句。
【典例2】Why don't you bring____to his attention that you're too ill to work on?
A. that B. it
C. his D. him
【解析】B。it作形式宾语, 指代句子后面that引导的宾语从句。句意: 为什么你不让他注意到 你病得太 严重了以 至于不能 工作。
【典例3】I'd appreciate____if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A. that B. it
C. this D. you
【解析】B。句中it是形式宾语, 指代后面的if从句。句意: 如果你能教我如何用电脑我将不胜感激。
2. 名词性从句的语序
名词性从句的语序用陈述句语序。在试题的设置上常通过宾语从句、表语从句的语序来考查, 尤其是一些与特殊疑问句有关的宾语从句或表语从句。
【典例】When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know____.
A. he is entering which lane
B. which lane he is entering
C. is he entering which lane
D. which lane is he entering
【解析】B。which引导的句子作know的宾语, 句子用陈述语序。句意: 当司机改变车道时, 应该使用转向指示灯告知其他司机要往哪条车道拐。
3. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气
command, demand, insist, suggest, order, request, require, recommend, urge等表示建议、命令、坚持、要求的动词后的宾语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气, 即“ ( should) + 动词原形”。它们对应的名词作主语跟表语从句, 或对应的名词跟同位语从句, 或It's necessary/strange/a pity / a shame / no wonder等主语从句中也常用“ ( should) + 动词原形”的虚拟语气。
【典例1】Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam____at the age of six months old. ( 2013年浙江卷)
A. was B. be
C. were D. is
【解析】B。表示推荐的recommend后接省略should的宾语从句。
【典例2】We should consider the students' request_____the school library provide more books on popular science.
A. that B. when
C. which D. where
【解析】A。句子“___the school li- brary provide more books on popular science”作名词request的同位语, 在从句中, 主语the school library是单数, 谓语provide前面应该省略了should, 后面叙述的是一个事实, 故用that引导。
4. 宾语从句中的否定转移
在宾语从句 中, 主语的谓 语部分是I believe, I'm sure, I consider, I expect, I guess, I imagine, I suppose, I think等时, 否定句形式上是否定主句的谓语, 而实际上否定的是宾语从句。在反意疑问句中, 其附加问句要与从句保持一致。
【典例】I'm sure you'd rather she went to school by bus, ____?
A. hadn't youB. wouldn't you
C. aren't ID. didn't she
【解析】B。主谓部分是I'm sure, 变反意疑问句时, 主语、谓语与从句主语、谓语相一致。
5. 宾语从句的时态
主句是现在或将来时态时, 从句可用任何所需要的时态; 主句是过去时态时, 从句要用表示过去的相应的时态; 如从句表达的是客观规律或真理时, 用一般现在时。
【典例1】We are confident that the environ- ment___by our further efforts to reduce pollution. ( 2013年辽宁卷)
A. had been improved
B. will be improved
C. is improved
D. was improved
【解析】B。根据已知时态we are confident, 可以先排除A和D, 再根据our further efforts, 可确知将来的事情, 所以用将来时。
【典例2】After school we went to the read- ing-room to do some reading, only to be told that it____. ( 2012年安徽卷)
A. was decorated
B. had decorated
C. had been decorating
D. was being decorated
【解析】D。作结果状语“only to be told that it____”的非谓语动词短语中包含一个that引导的宾语从句。根据谓语动词went判断, 后面的从句也用过去时, 再根据语义可知是正在被装修, 所以要用过去进行时。
考点七: 名词性从句中常考的注意点
1. 名词idea用于肯定句时, 后接that连接的同位语从句, 但用于否定句 ( have no idea) 或一般疑问句 ( Do you have any idea) , 后常接what, where, when, how, why等疑问词引导同位语从句, 在从句中可作成分, 但引导的句子不修饰前面的标志词, 只说明内容。
【典例1】I have no idea____the cell phone isn't working, so could you fix it for me? ( 2013年上海卷)
A. what B. why
C. if D. which
【解析】B。从句“____the cell phone isn't working”作idea的同位语, 从句中缺少状语, 选why表示原因。
【典例2】There is much truth in the idea____ kindness is usually served by frank- ness.
A. why B. which
C. that D. whether
【解析】C。从句“____kindness is usually served by frankness”作idea的同位语, 从句叙述的是一个事实, 用that。
【典例3】I have no idea____the jour- nalist could have got his information from.
A. that B. why
C. why D. where
【解析】D。从句“_____the journalist could have got his information from”作idea的同位语, 从句where作from的宾语。
2. doubt用于肯定句, 后接whether连接的从句; doubt用于否定句, 后接that连接的从句。
【典例1】Some researchers believe that there is no doubt____a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. whichB. that
C. whatD. whether
【解析】B。从句“____a cure for AIDS will be found”作doubt的同位语, 叙述的是一个事实, 用that。
【典例2】What the doctors really doubt is______ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
A. when B. how
C. whether D. why
【解析】C。从句“___my mother will recover from the serious disease soon”表示的是doubt怀疑的内容, 用whether。
3. 表示原因。
①that's because后接某事发生的原因; ②that's why后接某事产生的结果; ③the reason is that后接具体的原因 ( reason后面的定语从句可以用why或that来引导) 。
【典例1】From space, the earth looks blue. This is____about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. ( 安徽2013)
A. whyB. how
C. becauseD. whether
【解析】C。前一句“地球看起来是蓝色的”表示结果, 后一句“其表面71%是被水覆盖的”是前一句的原因。
【典例2】I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer, which is____he never finishes anything.
A. that B. when
C. where D. why
【解析】D。从句中缺少表示“原因”的连接词, 所以用why引导, 相当于which is the rea- son why
【典例3】Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was i_____t was rather closely modeled on his own life.
A. whatB. that
C. whyD. whether
【解析】B。从句不缺成分, 因此用that来引导。句意为: 狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说《大卫科波菲尔》的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。
【典例4】One reason for her preference for city life is_____she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
A. that B. how
C. what D. why
【解析】A。系动词is之后是一表语从句, 而从句的结构完整, 不缺任何成分, 所以用that引导。
【命题趋势】
近年的高考试题中, 涉及名词性从句的题目突出了对what, that, whatever等引导词的考查。从考查形式看, 涉及名词性从句考点的试题考查得越来越灵活, 越来越新颖多样。有的试题把两种名词性从句整合在一起考查, 有的试题把名词性从句与状语从句融合在一起考查, 有的试题把名词性从句和强调句型融合起来考查, 也有的把名词性从句和形式主语或形式宾语it整合起来考查等。
【做题策略】
1. 做题时, 一定要分析句子结构, 判断这是什么从句, 再判断从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语还是缺少状语。
2. 牢记: 连接代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语, 而连接副词在从句中充当状语。
【巩固与提高】
1. Cathy Turner just wants to be noticed, that is____she dresses so strangely.
A. because B. why
C. how D. after
2. The old man told us about____the little boy got the CD player to work.
A. what B. which
C. how D. while
3.____makes the magazine so popular is the creative imagination of the editor.
A. All what B. What
C. Who D. Which
4._____is evident to me that they have no experience in this work.
A. ItB. This C. ThatD. One
5.____we have found is___the H1N1 flu has similarities to the seasonal flu.
A. Which; thatB. Why; whether
C. That; whatD. What; that
6. I would appreciate, _____ to be frank, if you send it to my office now.
A. youB. this
C. itD. myself
7._____enters the museum should not smoke and take photos in order to keep it safe.
A. Who B. Whoever
C. What D. Whatever
8._____amazed us most was that the young boy who had lost his parents in an accident could support the roof of the family.
A. ThatB. It
C. WhichD. What
9. The organization agreed with three com- plainants_____the ad was likely to cause se- rious offence and should not be used again.
A. that B. which
C. what D. how
10. Tina was hesitating about the boy's re- quirement as she did not know____he was an honest person.
A. whetherB. what
C. untilD. although
11. The reason____his father died young wa_____she didn't pay attention to his health.
A. that; why B. why; that
C. why; because D. that; that
12. With these money, you can buy ____you want for your friend.
A. whicheverB. whoever
C. whateverD. no matter what
13.leaves the classroom last ought to turn off all the lights and lock the doors.
A. AnyoneB. Who
C. WhoeverD. No matter who
14. Your suggestion____on with a fur- ther education interests each of us.
A. which we go
B. that we go
C. which we should go
D. that will we go
15._____that everyone shouldn't tell others the password of your e-card at any time.
A. What is required
B. What requires
C. It is required
D. It requires
16. There's no doubt____the famous professor will come to give us a lecture.
A. ifB. that
C. whatD. whether
17. I really don't know____I put my wallet after I paid the bill.
A. where was it
B. it was where that
C. where it was that
D. where was it that
18. —Can you help me?
—I'm not sure____I can do to help you.
A. that B. what
C. if D. which
19. We are studying very hard in the belief ____some day we can serve the people with our knowledge.
A. what B. who
C. that D. which
20. I very much like the appearance of the house; however, _____really made me de- cide to buy it was that it lies beside the river.
A. which B. what
C. that D. where
21. —I wonder____I could have a rest in the room.
—I'm sorry, but it has been booked.
A. what B. when
C. whether D. that
22. _____she wouldn't understand was ____she couldn't finish her work in time.
A. Why; that
B. What; because
C. What; why
D. That; what
23. The citizens asked the government ____with this serious problem.
A. could we do what
B. what we could do
C. what could we do
D. how we could do
24. As soon as she comes back, I'll tell her when____and see her.
A. you will come B. will you come
C. you come D. do you come
25. Sarah hopes to become a friend of____ shares her interests.
A. no matter who B. no matter whom
C. whoever D. whomever
【答案与解析】
1. B。前一句是原因, 后一句是结果, 故用why; 反之, 选用because。句意为: 凯茜特纳就是想引人注意, 才穿得那么稀奇古怪的。
2. C。宾语从句中缺少方式状语, 填how。句意为: 这位老人告诉我们, 这个小男孩是如何让CD机工作的。
3. B。主语从句中缺少主语, 用what引导。句意为: 使这本杂志变得这么流行是这位编辑创造性的想象力。
4. A。it是形式主语, 真正的主语是后面的that从句。句意为: 在我看来他们干这项工作没有经验是显而易见的。
5. D。第一空引导主语从句, 从句的谓语have found缺少宾语; 第二空引导表语从句, 从句叙述的是一个事实, 用that引导。
6. C。it用作形式宾语, 常用在表示appre- ciate, like, dislike等表示喜怒哀乐的动词之后, 后再接if, when等引导的宾语从句。
7. B。whoever引导名词性从句, 相当于anyone who。句意为: 为了保证安全, 凡进入博物馆的任何人都不准抽烟和拍照。
8. D。“____amazed us most”是主语从句, 且从句中缺少主语, 故用what引导。
9. A。分析句子结构知, the ad was likely to cause serious offence and should not be used a- gain表示的是complainants的内容, 故用that引导同位语从句。
10. A。whether表示疑问“是否”, 引导宾语从句。句意为: 蒂娜对那个男孩的要求正在犹豫, 因为她不知道他是否是一个诚信的人。
11. B。句意为: 他爸爸早死的原因是不注意自己的身体健康。The reason whyis that“……的原因是因为……”, 在这一句型中, why引导定语从句, 修饰reason; that引导表语从句。
12. C。whatever相当于anything that。句意为: 用这些钱, 你可以想给你朋友买什么就买什么。
13. C。句意为: 任何最后一个离开教室的人应该关好灯锁好门。由句子结构知, 前面是主语从句, 且从句中缺少主语, 故选C。who- ever引导名词性从句, 而no matter who引导让步状语从句。
14. B。suggestion后接that引导同位语从句, 须用“ ( should) + 动词原形”。
15. C。it在句中作形式主语, that引导主语从句, require与句子之间是被动关系。
16. B。名词doubt放在no或not后面, 其后的同位语从句需要用that引导; 动词doubt放在否定句中, 其后的宾语从句须用that引导, 如果放在肯定句中, 其后的宾语从句须用if/ whether引导。
17. C。含有特殊疑问词的强调句型作宾语从句时, 需要用“特殊疑问词 + 陈述语序”。句意为: 我真的不知道我付完账后把钱包放在哪儿了。
18. B。此题考查宾语从句, 且引导词在从句中充当宾语, 用what而不用that。
19. C。分析句子结构, 不难发现some day we can serve the people with our knowledge是the belief的具体内容, 就可判断这是that引导的同位语从句。
20. B。“_____really made me decide to buy it”是主语从句, 在从句中, 缺少主语, 选用what作主语。
21. C。I wonder if / whether I can / could do sth是请求允许的交际用语, 表示请求对方允许自己干某事, 其中wonder是动词, 作“想知道”解, 后跟if/whether从句。
22. C。what she wouldn't understand是主语从句, 从句中what作understand的宾语; why she couldn't finish her work in time是表语从句, 从句中缺少作状语的副词。
23. B。宾语从句应该用陈述语序; what与do with搭配, how与deal with搭配表达“如何处理”。
24. A。when引导宾语从句, 要用陈述句的语序。表示将要发生的动作要用一般将来时。
25. C。whoever shares her interests是一个宾语从句作介词的主语, 故用主格, 不要错误地认为: whoever只是of的宾语; 另, no matter who ( whom) 只引导让 步状语从 句, 而whoever ( whomever) 既可引导让步状语从句, 也可引导名词性从句。
名词性从句考点 篇2
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1.She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _______ he said meant.A.that B.what
C.that that D.what what 【陷阱】可能误选B。许多同学一看选项首先就排除了C和D，认为这样两个“引导词”叠用的情况不太可能。在A和B两个选项中，选项A肯定不行，因为它引导宾语从句时不能充当句子成分，所以便选择
了B。
【分析】正确答案选 D。第一个what 用作动词 meant 的宾语，第二个what 用作动词 said 的宾语，即在 none of us understood what what he said meant 中，none of us understood 为主句，what what he said meant 为宾语从句，而在此宾语从句中又包括有 what he said 这样一个主语从句。
2.After _______ had happened he could not continue to work there.A.which B.how C.what D.having
【陷阱】可能误选A。
【分析】最佳答案选 C。有的同学误选A，是因为认为介词后应接关系代词 which，但实际上，若填关系代词，其前没有先行词，这根据不是一个定语从句。另外，由于 had happened 缺主语，所以B和
D也不能选。请再做下面一题(答案选B)：
He pointed to ______ looked like a tomb and said, “Ghost.”
A.that B.what C.which D.as 3．“Is ______ you want to say?” asked the teacher.A.this B.that C.all that D.that all
【陷阱】根据中文字面意思误选A或B。
【分析】最佳答案选 D。假若选A或B，那么转换成陈述句即为：This is you want to say./ That is you want to say.显然句中的两个谓语动词 is与want相冲突。选D组成的句子是 Is that all you want to say? 其中的that 为句子主语，all 为表语，you want to say 为定语从句，用以修饰all。
4.“When ______ leave for Japan?” “When ______ leave for Japan is kept secret.”
A.they will, will they B.will they, they will C.they will, they will D.will they, will they 【陷阱】可能误选D，认为 when 后应用疑问句词序。
【分析】最佳答案选 B。第一个when引出的是一个特殊疑问句，故用疑问词序；第二个 when 引出的是主语从句，故其后用陈述句词序。请做以下试题(答案选C)：
(1)None knows if _______ that boy, but if _______ him, her parents will be disappointed.A.she will marry, she will marry B.she marries, she marries C.she will marry, she marries D.she marries, she will marry(2)“Where _______ go to work?” “Where _______ go to work is not known.”
A.we shall, we shall B.shall we, shall we C.shall we, we shall D.we shall, shall we 5.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see ______.A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】此题最佳答案为D。首先可以排除A和C，因为空格处实为一个宾语从句，所以不能用疑问句词序。另一方面，但按英语习惯，当用于指代身份不明的人时，要用代词it，而不用 he 或she等。
比较以下两句：
Mr Smith is at the door.He wants to see you.史密斯先生在门口，他想见你。Someone is at the door.It may be the postman.有个人在门口，可能是邮递员。第一句因前面指明了是 Mr Smith，所以后面用代词 he；而第二句因前面用的是不定代词
someone，说明此人身份尚不明确，故其后用了代词 it 来指代。
6.Don’t you know, my dear friend, ______ it is your money not you that she loves?
A.who B.which C.that D.what 【陷阱】此题容易误选 A或B：选 A 的同学认为这是指人的，故用who；选B的同学认为这是非限制性定语从句，两者都是误认为这是定语从句(注意没有先行词)。
【分析】其实答案应选C。that引导的是一个宾语从句，用作动词 know 的宾语，它只是被句中的插入语 my dear friend 隔开罢了。请做以下试题(答案均为C)：
(1)Everyone knows, perhaps except you, _______ your girl-friend is a cheat.A.who B.which C.that D.what(2)I think, though I could be mistaken, ______ she liked me.A.who B.which C.that D.what
(3)He told me the news, believe it or not, ______ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.A.that B.which C.as D.because 前面两题 that 引导宾语从句，后面一题 that同位语从句(修饰the news)。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1.They lost their way in the forest, and _______ made matters worse was that night began to fall.A.it B.which C.that D.what 2.Patience is a kind of quality — and that is ___A___ it takes to do anything well.A.what B.which C.which D.how 3.It has come to my notice _______ some of you have missed classes.A.what B.which C.that D.when 4.“What were you trying to prove to the police?” “___ I was last night.”
A.That B.When C.Where D.What 5.Country life gives him peace and quiet, which is ______ he can’t enjoy while living in big cities.A.that B.why C.where D.what 6.It is pretty well understood _______ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the
atmosphere today.A.that B.when C.what D.how 7._______ she couldn’t understand was ______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her
lessons.A.What;why B.That;what C.What;because D.Why;that 8._______ we are doing has never been done before.A.That B.What C.Which D.Whether
9.People have heard _______ the President has said;they are waiting to see _______ he will do.A.how, how B.what, what C.when, how D.that, what 10.When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give
the monkey exactly _______ he wants.A.what B.which C.when D.that 11.These wild flowers are so special I would do _______ I can to save them.A.whatever B.that C.which D.whichever 12._______ she was invited to the ball made her very happy.A.What B.That C.When D.Because 13.Eat ______ cake you like and leave the others for ______ comes in late.A.any, who B.every, whoever C.whichever, whoever D.either, whoever 14.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella._______ I got wet through.A.It’s the reason B.That’s why C.There’s why D.That’s because 15.____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A.Who B.The one C.Anyone D.Whoever 16._______ medicine works in a human body is a question _______ not everyone can understand
fully.A.How;that B.That;which C.That;which D.What;that
【答案与解析】
1.选D。what made matters worse 是主语从句(注意其后有谓语动词was)，相当于 the thing that
made matters worse。
2.选A。what 引导的是表语从句，相当于 the thing that it takes to do anything well。
3.选C。that 引导的是一个主语从句，句首的it为形式主语。
4.选 C。答句为省略句，其完整形式为 I was trying to prove to the police where I was last night，在此 where 引导的是一个宾语从句。类似地，下面选 C：
“_______ made her struggle to become an artist so hard?” “______ she was a woman.”
A.What, What B.That, That C.What, That D.That, What 5.选D。what 引导的是表语从句，what 在此相当于 the things that。
6.选 C。句首的 it 是形式主语，空格处所填词用于引导主语从句。由于该主语从句中又缺主语，故排除A、B、D。（注意：不能选 A，因为 that 引导名词性从句时不能充当句子成分）7.选 A。第一空填 what，是因为该主语从句中的动词 understand 缺宾语；why 和 because 均可引导表语从句，其区别是： why 引导表语从句强调结果，because 引导表语从句强调原因。句中空格
后文表明的是结果，故用 why。
8.B。what 在此引导主语从句且在从句作宾语，它相当于 the thing that。
9.B。两空均填 what，均用于引导宾语从句，因为两个宾语从句中的动词 said 和do 均缺宾语，而在各个选项中只有 what 可用作宾语。
10.选 A。what 引导宾语从句。由于动词 wants 缺宾语，所以填 what。句意是：当你找工作面试回答问题时，请记住这条黄金定律：永远给予对方确实想要的东西。
11.选 A。I can to save them 为 I can do to save them 之略，此句中的 do 缺宾语，故选
whatever。
12.选 B。that 在此引导主语从句，无词义，也不充当句子成分。注意不要根据中文意思选 D，因
为 because 不用于引导主语从句。
13.选 C。两个空格处均为引导宾语从句的引导词，而四个选项中两者可引导宾语从句的只有 C。14.选 B。比较 That’s why… 与 That’s because…：前者用于强调结果，后者用于强调原因。如
下面一题选 D：
I got wet all through._______ I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.A.It’s the reason B.That’s why C.There’s why D.That’s because
15.选 D。由 is worth praising 这一谓语可知前面是主语从句，排除不能引导从句的 B 项和 C 项；whoever 引导主语从句表示“任何……的人”，在此它相当于 anyone who。
名词性从句考点举要 篇3
【关键词】名词性从句考点 举要
名词性从句是高中英语教学的重点内容之一，每年的高考试题中都会出现对名词性从句的考查。考查方向侧重于名词性从句的辨认，引导词的选择，是否缺失语法成分，缺失什么语法成分以及与定语从句，状语从句之间的区别。现就名词性从句的考点分析如下：
一、名词性从句由主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句所组成，在句子中做主语，表语，宾语，介词的宾语，同位语
What parents say and do has a life-long effort on his children.
One advantage of playing the guitar is that it can give you a great deal of pleasure.
We cannot figure out why quite a number of insects， birds and animals are dying out.
Do you have any idea what is actually going on in the classroom.
二、名词性从句的引导词
that， what， if ，whether， as if（只用来引导表语从句）， who， which， when， where， why， how whoever， whatever， however， whose 等.
1. What matters most in learning English is enough practice.
2. The news that our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterday's newspaper.
3. Why not try your luck downtown， Bob? That's where the best job are.
4. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and whether it is rough or smooth.
三、名词性从句的辨认
A. 主语从句出在主语的位置或是由it做形式主语而把真实的主语从句放在句子的后面。
B. 表语从句处于be或其他系动词的后面。
C. 宾语从句处于及物动词，及物的短语动词或介词的后面。
D. 同位语从句处于一个名词的后面且该名词在从句中不做任何成分。
注：同位语从句是对前面的名词的内容的进一步说明，而定语从句则是对前面的名词时行修饰。
1.What makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.（主语从句 /表语从句）
2. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make what it is.（宾语从句）
3. Nobody believe his reason for being absent from the class that he had to meet his uncle at the airport.（同位语从句）
4. He spoke proudly of his part in the game， without mentioning what his teammates had done.（宾语从句）
5. We haven't settled the question of whether it is necessary for him to study abroad.（宾语从句）
6. One advantage of playing the guitar is that it can give you a great deal of pleasure.（表语从句）
四、that的用法
1.如果名词性从句为陈述句，用that 引导。
2.只有在宾语从句中可以省略that，而在主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句中一般不能省略that。
有下列情况之一者不可以省去that：
A. 当谓语动词和宾语从句被别的词分隔开时。
B. 第二个宾语从句不能省去that。
C. 宾语从句中含有一个主从复合句时。
D. 当it为形式宾语后接宾语从句时。
1. That she said last night she did some reading.
2.She said Unit 4 was very important and that she should learn it well.
3.They promised me that if I worked hard from then on， they would buy me a computer.
五、what 的用法
当完全具备下列各条件，主，表，宾，同四种从句中可以用what。
1.从句中缺主语、表语、宾语、介语的宾语。
2.从句缺少引导词。
3.在意义上指物，意为：“……所……的”或“……的……”，因此在很多由what引导的名词性从句中，从句不表示疑问。
六、if和whether的用法
1.只有在宾语从句可以用if而在主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句中只能用whether。
2.在下列情况下的宾语从句中只能用whether而不能用if。
A. 如果出现whether…or…或whether…or not 不能用if代替whether
B. 介词后的宾语从句只能用whether。
C. 习惯上discuss后的宾语从句只能用whether而不能用 if。
七、 it作形式主语和形式宾语的基本结构
1.形式主语
It（形式主语） +be+形容词+that从句（真实主语）
形容词有：important、necessary、probable、natural、good、possible、true、clear、0evident、wrong、likely、certain 等。
It （形式主语） +be+（a）+名词+that从句（真实主语）
名词有：a fact、a good idea、a honor、a pity、a shame， a pleasure a wonder， common knowledge，等。
It （形式主语） +be+过去分词+that从句（真实主语）
过去分词有：said、reported、suggested、thought、accepted、demanded、expected、proved、known、pointed out、hoped等。
It （形式主语） +不及物动词+that从句（真实主语）
动词有：appear、happen、matter 等。
2.形式宾语
think、find、consider、make等+it（形式宾语）+形容词或名词（宾补）+that从句（真实宾语）
Like、dislike、hate、love、appreciate + it（形式宾语）+宾语从句
动词+介词+it（形式宾语）+that从句（宾语从句）
动词： see to、depend on等后接宾语从句时。
八、what 和关系代词的区别
1.what和关系代词都在从句做主语，宾语，表语或介词的宾语，但what不是关系代词，也不能引导定语从句。
2.关系代词前面必定有一个名词为其先行词，而what引导的名词性从句前面不一定有。
3.关系代词引导定语从句，而what引导名词性从句。
That is my question how I can get it.（名词性从句）
That is my question I asked Tom.（定语从句）
九、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1.同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的陈述，而定语从句是对前面名词的修饰。
2.同位语从句前面的名词在后面的从句中不担任任何成分，而定语从句前面的名词在后面的从句中担任一定的语法成分，且多担任主语，表语，宾语或介词的宾语。
The idea that saving water can protect our environment is very good.
The idea that he put forward in the meeting was very good.
3.同位语从句多用that作引导词而定语从句还有别的关系词引导。（如果同位语从句前面的名词是question， problem等表示疑问的名词时，也可能由whether或wh-连接词引导）
名词性从句考点精讲精练 篇4
一、名词性从句的判定方法
在一篇语篇型语法填空中, 若空格所在句子含有两套主谓结构, 这说明命题人是在考查从句。此时, 考生首先需要使用括号划出从句。划括号时要从空格前面开始 (因为空格要填引导从句的连词) 划出整个从句。具体办法是:如果空格在最前面, 则括号划到第二处谓语动词前;如果空格在句中, 则括号通常划到句末。然后考生可以根据划出的从句在整个句子中所处的位置和所作的成分判断是哪一种从句。那么, 名词性从句在语篇中如何判断呢?下面分别举例说明 (括号已经划出) 。
【典例1】I truly believe (______beautycomes from within) . (2015年北京卷)
解析:从句在谓语动词believe后, 所以考查的是宾语从句。从句中不缺少任何成分, 只陈述了一个事实, 因此应用that引导。
【典例2】Reading her biography, I was lostin admiration for (______Doris Lessing hadachieved in literature) . (2015年陕西卷)
解析:从句在介词for后, 所以考查的是宾语从句。从句中谓语动词had achieved缺少宾语, 所以应用what引导从句并在从句中作宾语。
【典例3】A ship in harbor is safe, but that’snot (______ships are built for) . (2015年安徽卷)
解析:从句在系动词is后, 所以考查的是表语从句。表语从句中的介词for后缺少宾语, 故应用what引导, what与for连用, 表示目的。
【典例4】The manager put forward a sugges-tion______we should have an assistant.There istoo much work to do. (2016年天津卷)
解析:从句在名词suggestion后, 名词后考查的可能是定语从句, 也可能是同位语从句。根据句意可知, 后面的从句是对suggestion的解释说明, 而不是修饰限制, 故为同位语从句。而且从句成分和意思都是完整的, 故用that引导。that不作成分, 只起连接作用。
【典例5】 (______we understand things) hasa lot to do with what we feel. (2015年北京卷)
解析:从句在句首, 且位于第二处谓语动词has前, 所以考查的是主语从句。从句中主干齐全, 根据句意可知, 主语从句中缺少方式状语, 因此填how。
二、名词性从句连接词的选用
利用加括号的办法判断出从句为名词性从句后, 可以依据“从句中缺什么成分补什么成分”的原则选用连接词。
1.使用连接代词。
当名词性从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语时, 使用连接代词。常用的有what, who (m) , whoever, which, whose等。what根据不同语境和所表示的意思可以灵活翻译成“……的 (话、东西、地方、时候、样子等) ”;who具有疑问意义, 意思是“谁”;whoever没有疑问意义, 意思是“……的任何人”, 相当于anybody who;which意思是“哪一个”;在句中作定语时用whose。
【典例1】If you swim in a river or lake, besure to investigate______is below the water sur-face.Often there are rocks or branches hidden inthe water. (2015年浙江卷)
解析:what。动词investigate后面接的是宾语从句。分析宾语从句的成分可以发现, 空格处所作的成分是主语。名词性从句中缺少主语并且指物用what引导, 此处意思是“……的东西”。
【典例2】How much one enjoys himselftravelling depends largely on______he goeswith, whether his friends or relatives. (2010年四川卷)
解析:who。介词on后面接宾语从句, 从句中介词with后缺少宾语, 应填连接代词。根据后面的“whether his friends or relatives”可知应该表示和谁去, 故填who。
2.使用连接副词。
当名词性从句中主干齐全, 根据意思缺少状语时, 使用连接副词。常用的有when, where, why和how, 分别表示时间、地点、原因和方式。这些连接副词既起连接作用, 本身又作从句的状语。
【典例1】We must find out______Karl iscoming, so we can book a room for him. (2015年重庆卷)
解析:when。find out后面接宾语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据后面的“we can book aroom for him”可知缺少时间状语, 故填when。
【典例2】You have to know______you’regoing if you are to plan the best way of gettingthere. (2015年湖南卷)
解析:where。know后面接的是宾语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据后面句子的意思可知缺少地点状语, 故填where。
【典例3】The exhibition tells us______weshould do something to stop air pollution. (2015年四川卷)
解析:why。tell是接双宾语的动词, 因此此处应填宾语从句的连接词。从句中主干齐全, 根据意思可知缺少原因状语, 故填why。
【典例4】—I wonder______Mary has kepther figure after all these years. (2015年福建卷)
—By working out every day.
解析:how。动词wonder后接宾语从句。从句中主干齐全, 根据答语中表示方式的介词短语by的回答, 可知填how。
3.使用从属连词。
当名词性从句主干齐全, 又不缺少状语时, 使用从属连词引导。从属连词有that, whether和if。当从句中不缺少成分, 陈述一件事实时, 用that引导;当从句中不缺少成分, 有“是否”的含义时, 用whether或if引导。whether与if在引导动词后的宾语从句时, 两者一般可以互换, 但在下列情况下一般只能用whether, 不用if:引导主语从句并在句首时;引导表语从句时;引导从句作介词宾语时;从句后有“or not”时;后接动词不定式时。因此, 在引导名词性从句表示“是否”意思时, 建议大家使用whether。
【典例1】It is often the case______any-thing is possible for those who hang on to hope. (2016年江苏卷)
解析:that。本句中it是形式主语, 真正的主语是后面连接词引导的主语从句。根据句意可知, 后面的句子陈述的是一个事实, 不缺少任何成分, 故用that引导。
【典例2】The most pleasant thing of therainy season is______one can be entirely freefrom dust. (2016年北京卷)
解析:that。is后跟表语从句, 表语从句中主干齐全, 不缺少成分, 陈述事实, 因此用that引导。
【典例3】The little girl asked her father______she should go to the party or not.
解析:whether。ask后接双宾语, 因此空格处引导宾语从句。从句中主干齐全, 根据句意可知, 本空有“是否”的含义, 且后面有or not, 故填whether, 不能使用if。
三、巩固练习
(一) 单句语法填空
1.As large numbers of Chinese flocked to Japan to pay thousands for toilet lids, it was a surprise to many people______the smart toilet lids on sale in Japan were actually made in China.
2.First-class players of football must haveexcellent ball control, but it is not just______they do with their feet that counts.
3.—Shall I go to the party if I don’t haveto dress up?
—Of course you can, actually, it doesn’tmatter______you’re dressed.
4.______we’ll go camping tomorrowdepends on the weather.
5.I don’t doubt______he has the ability to deal with the situation, but______the problem can be solved quickly depends on his attitude.
6.A new shopping centre will be built in______the old fish market used to be.
7.—Have you told your parents about yourdecision?
—Not yet.I can hardly imagine______they will react.
8.Don’t forget______it was that helpedyou out when you were in trouble.
9.Although he has become wealthy, MrWood remains______he used to be, modest andfriendly.
10.The Peony Pavilion, a play written byTang Xianzu, is______many people regard asthe most romantic story in Chinese literature.
11.A recent study, while showing a general-ly positive attitude towards the new industry, also suggests a widespread concern______itmay be“running out of control”.
12.______makes the book so extraordi-nary is the creative imagination of the writer.
13.Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell______close you may beto victory.
14.Grandma pointed to the hospital andsaid, “That’s________I was born.”
15.“Every time you eat a sweet, drinkgreen tea.”This is________my mother used totell me.
16.The best moment for the football starwas________he scored the winning goal.
17.The only way to succeed at the highestlevel is to have total belief________you arebetter than anyone else on the sports field.
18.The how-to-book can be of help to________wants to do the job.
19.After six hours’drive, they finallyreached______they thought was the place theyyhad been dreaming of.
20.It suddenly hit him______he had lefthis umbrella in the taxi on his way home.
21.—Was it______he said or all that hedid______let you down, Joan?
—No, not really.
22.That art center is______used to be afactory, ______millions of tractors were made.
23.My pen-friend, Peter, wrote to me, expressing the hope______he would come toBeijing to see the 2008 Olympic Games.
24.I still couldn’t understand______themachine would work, so I asked him to explainit to me.
25.The police finally got to______wasonce an old temple______the villagers used asa school.
26.“You can’t choose what life you willhave, ”said Tai Lihua, a deaf leading dancer, “but you can choose your attitude towards life.”And this is______I completely agree.
27.Actually, girls can be______they wantto be just like boys, whether it is a pilot, an astro-naut, or a general manager.
28.If you feel tired and sick of fatty foods, that is______you have to go to the hospital fora medical examination.
29.The award should be given to______makes great contributions to the film industry.
30.Jacob is always ready to offer a helpinghand and that’s______he has a good reputation.
31.—What impressed the interviewersmost?
—______he could speak three foreign lan-guages so fluently.
32.His writing is so confusing that it’s dif-ficult to make out_______it is that he is tryingto express.
33.I made a promise to myself_______this year, my first year in high school, would bedifferent.
34.The notice came around two in the after-noon_______the meeting would be postponed.
35.As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose_______suits youbest.
36.The last time we had great fun was______we were visiting the Water Park.
37.It is pretty well understood_______controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and outthe atmosphere today.
38.—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show lastweek.
—Is that_______you had a few days off?
(二) 语篇语法填空
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
(一) 单句语法填空
1.that。it是形式主语, 主语从句后置, 从句中不缺少成分, 陈述事实, 故用that引导。
2.what。what引导主语从句, 同时又在从句中作do的宾语。
3.how。根据句意可知, 你如何着装没有关系, 故填how引导主语从句。
4.Whether。根据句意可知空格处表示“是否”, 引导主语从句用whether, 不用if。
5.that;whether。“I don’t doubt”意为“我不怀疑”表示肯定意义, 故其后用that引导宾语从句, 陈述一件事实;“但是问题是否能快速解决取决于他的态度”, 故用whether引导主语从句。
6.what。介词in后接宾语从句, 从句中used to be后缺少表语, 故填what。
7.how。imagine后接宾语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据句意可知, 缺少表示方式的状语, 故填how。
8.who。forget后接宾语从句, 从句中使用了强调结构, 强调的是主语, 表示人, 故填who。
9.what。remains后接表语从句, 从句中used to be后缺少表语, 根据“modest and friend-ly”可知, 此处表示“……的样子”, 故填what。
10.what。what引导表语从句, 同时在从句中作regard的宾语。
11.that。that引导同位语从句, 用以解释、说明concern的内容。
12.what。根据句子结构可知, 空格处引导的是主语从句, 从句中缺少主语且指事物, 故填what。
13.how。动词tell之后为宾语从句, 根据意思和修饰形容词close可知, 应使用how。
14.where。根据“pointed to the hospital”可知是地点, 故表语从句要用where来引导。
15.what。is后接表语从句, tell是后接双宾语的动词, 故用what引导表语从句, 在从句中又充当tell的宾语。
16.when。was后面是表语从句, 从句中主干齐全。由句意可知表语从句表达时间, 因此使用when, 意为“……的时候”。
17.that。从句位于名词后, 是对名词belief的解释和说明, 故该空后是引导belief的同位语从句。从句中不缺任何句子成分, 陈述事实, 只能用that引导。
18.whoever。介词to后接宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 故用whoever引导宾语从句, 相当于anyone who。
19.what。动词reach后接宾语从句, theythought是插入语, 从句中缺少主语, 故填what。
20.that“。It suddenly hit sb.+that从句”是固定句式, 其中it作形式主语, 真正的主语是后面that引导的句子, 这样做的目的是为了避免头重脚轻。
21.what;that。这是一个强调结构与主语从句结合考查的题目。分析句子结构可知, 强调的是句子的主语, 主语从句中的动词said后缺少宾语, 故用what引导;第二空是构成强调结构的that。
22.what;where。is后接表语从句, 由于从句中缺少主语, 用what引导;第二空是非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词factory。由于factory在定语从句中作地点状语, 故用where引导。
23.that。名词hope后接同位语从句, 表示hope的内容, 且从句中不缺少任何成分, 陈述事实, 用that引导。
24.how。understand后接宾语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据句意可知表示方式, 应使用how引导宾语从句。
25.what;that/which。got to后接宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 故用what引导;第二空引导的是定语从句, 先行词temple在后面的定语从句中作动词used的宾语, 故使用关系代词that或which引导。
26.where。空格处引导表语从句, 并在从句中作地点状语, 故填where。此题不可填what, 因为agree是不及物动词, 其后没有宾语。
27.whatever。空格处引导表语从句, 并在从句中作be的表语。根据句意可知, 此处表示职业, 因此用whatever, 不用whoever。
28.when。空格处引导表语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据句意可知, 表示时间, 故填连接副词when。
29.whoever。介词to后接宾语从句, 且从句中缺少主语, 并且意思相当于anybody who, 故填whoever。
30.why。is后接表语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据意思可知, 此处表示原因, 故填why。
31.That。根据对话可知, 答语部分的句子相当于问句中的what, 作主语, 是主语从句。从句中主干齐全, 陈述了一个事实, 故用that引导。
32.what。分析句子结构和意义可知, 本题考查宾语从句和强调句。express后面缺少宾语, 故填what。
33.that。此处是that引导的同位语从句, 用来解释说明a promise的具体内容, 同时从句中不缺少成分, 且句意完整, 所以用that引导。
34.that。分析句子结构和成分可知, “______the meeting would be postponed”是notice的同位语从句, 解释说明notice的具体内容, 从句不缺少成分, 所以用that引导。
35.whichever。动词choose后接宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 表示在一定范围内选择某一个用whichever, 不能用whatever。
36.when。was后接表语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据句子意思可知, 此处表示时间, 故填when。
37.what。分析句子结构可知, it是形式主语, 后面是主语从句。主语从句中缺少主语, 故用what引导。
38.why。第二个句子是一般疑问句, 还原为陈述句后可以发现is后面接表语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据对话的语境可知此处表示原因, 故填why。
(二) 语篇语法填空
【文章大意】本文记叙了“我”在餐馆看到了一位穿着朴素的男士在吃完饭后用一张100万英镑付款的故事。
1.that/which。考查定语从句。从句在名词后, 修饰限制thing, 应用定语从句, 从句中缺主语, 指物, 故应填that或which。
2.who。考查宾语从句。动词knew后接宾语从句, 从句中缺少表语, 根据句意可知应填who。
3.why。考查宾语从句。动词wondered后接宾语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据句意可知表示原因, 故填why。
4.whether/if。考查宾语从句。动词doubted后接宾语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据句意可知表示“是否”的意思, 故填whether或if。
5.whether/if。考查宾语从句。动词asked后接宾语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据句意可知表示“是否”的意思, 故填whether或if。
6.that。考查宾语从句。从句中不缺成分, 陈述事实, 故填that。
7.whether/if。考查宾语从句。动词asked后接双宾语, 从句中不缺成分, 结合句意可知有“是否”的意思, 故填whether或if。
8.what。考查主语从句。空格处的连词引导的从句作couldn’t be的主语, 从句中的动词showed缺少一个宾语, 指物, 故填what。
9.Why。考查主语从句。从句中主干齐全, 根据句意可知表示“原因”, 故填why。
名词性从句练习 篇5
1.They lost their way in the forest, and _______ made matters worse was that night began to fall.A.it B.which C.that D.what 2.Patience is a kind of quality — and that is ___A___ it takes to do anything well.A.what B.which C.which D.how 3.It has come to my notice _______ some of you have missed classes.A.what B.which C.that D.when 4.“What were you trying to prove to the police?” “___ I was last night.” A.That B.When C.Where D.What 5.Country life gives him peace and quiet, which is ______ he can’t enjoy while living in big cities.A.that B.why C.where D.what 6.It is pretty well understood _______ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A.that B.when C.what
D.how 7._______ she couldn’t understand was ______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A.What;why B.That;what C.What;because D.Why;that 8._______ we are doing has never been done before.A.That B.What C.Which D.Whether 9.People have heard _______ the President has said;they are waiting to see _______ he will do.A.how, how B.what, what C.when, how D.that, what 10.When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly _______ he wants.A.what B.which C.when D.that 11.These wild flowers are so special I would do _______ I can to save them.A.whatever B.that C.which D.whichever 12._______ she was invited to the ball made her very happy.A.What B.That C.When D.Because 13.Eat ______ cake you like and leave the others for ______ comes in late.A.any, who B.every, whoever C.whichever, whoever D.either, whoever 14.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella._______ I got wet through.A.It’s the reason B.That’s why C.There’s whyD.That’s because 15.____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A.Who B.The one C.Anyone D.Whoever 16._____ medicine works in a human body is a question ____ not everyone can understand fully.A.How;that B.That;which C.That;which 【答案与解析】
D.What;that 1.选D。what made matters worse 是主语从句(注意其后有谓语动词was)，相当于 the thing that made matters worse。
2.选A。what 引导的是表语从句，相当于 the thing that it takes to do anything well。3.选C。that 引导的是一个主语从句，句首的it为形式主语。
4.选 C。答句为省略句，其完整形式为 I was trying to prove to the police where I was last
night，在此 where 引导的是一个宾语从句。类似地，下面选 C：
“_______ made her struggle to become an artist so hard?” “______ she was a woman.” A.What, What
B.That, That C.What, That
D.That, What 5.选D。what 引导的是表语从句，what 在此相当于 the things that。
6.选 C。句首的 it 是形式主语，空格处所填词用于引导主语从句。由于该主语从句中又缺主语，故排除A、B、D。（注意：不能选 A，因为 that 引导名词性从句时不能充当句子成分）7.选 A。第一空填 what，是因为该主语从句中的动词 understand 缺宾语；why 和 because 均可引导表语从句，其区别是： why 引导表语从句强调结果，because 引导表语从句强调原因。句中空格后文表明的是结果，故用 why。
8.B。what 在此引导主语从句且在从句作宾语，它相当于 the thing that。
9.B。两空均填 what，均用于引导宾语从句，因为两个宾语从句中的动词 said 和do 均缺宾语，而在各个选项中只有 what 可用作宾语。
10.选 A。what 引导宾语从句。由于动词 wants 缺宾语，所以填 what。句意是：当你找工作面试回答问题时，请记住这条黄金定律：永远给予对方确实想要的东西。
11.选 A。I can to save them 为 I can do to save them 之略，此句中的 do 缺宾语，故选 whatever。
12.选 B。that 在此引导主语从句，无词义，也不充当句子成分。注意不要根据中文意思选 D，因为 because 不用于引导主语从句。13.选 C。两个空格处均为引导宾语从句的引导词，而四个选项中两者可引导宾语从句的只有 C。
14.选 B。比较 That’s why„ 与 That’s because„：前者用于强调结果，后者用于强调原因。如下面一题选 D：
I got wet all through._______ I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.A.It’s the reason
B.That’s why C.There’s why
D.That’s because
名词性从句考点 篇6
what引导主语从句时表示“……的内容”，需要时也可用it作形式主语，而用what从句作真正主语。
例1：____ matters most in learning English is enough practice.
（07全国卷Ⅱ）
A. WhatB. WhyC. WhereD. Which
解析：A。该空表示“……的内容”，应填What引导主语从句。
例2：It is none of your business ____ other people think about you. Believe yourself.（07福建）
A. howB. whatC. whichD. when
解析：B。该空表示“……的内容”，应填what引导主语从句。
例3： ____ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.（07陕西）
A. ThatB. WhichC. WhatD. As
解析：C。该空表示“……的内容”，应填What引导主语从句。
二、考查what引导宾语从句用法
what引导宾语从句时也表示“……的内容”，它可作动词的宾语也可作介词的宾语。
例1：Choosing the right dictionary depends on ____ you want to use it for.（07江苏）
A. whatB. whyC. howD. whether
解析：A。该空表示“……的内容”，应填what引导宾语从句。
例2：——What did your parents think about your decision?
——They always let me do ____ I think I should. （06全国卷Ⅱ）
A. whenB. thatC. howD. what
解析：D。该空表示“……的内容”，而且在主句中作动词do的宾语，因此应用what引导宾语从句。
例3：I think Father would like to know ____ Ive been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note. (04湖南)
A. whichB. whyC. whatD. how
解析：C。该空表示“……的内容”，而且作动词know的宾语，因此应用what引导宾语从句。
特别需要注意的是，what引导的感叹句也可以作宾语从句，此时what仍保留有“多么”的意思。
例：I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ____ silly mistakes I had made. (05湖南)
A. whatB. thatC. howD. which
解析：A。该空表示“多么”，而且在主句中作动词recognize的宾语，因此应用what引导宾语从句。
三、考查what引导表语从句用法
what引导表语从句时还表示“……的内容”，在主句中作连系动词的表语。
例1：See the flags on top of the building? That was ____ we did this morning. （06全国卷I）
A. whenB. whichC. whereD. what
解析：D。该空表示“……的内容”，而且在主句中作系动词was的表语，因此应用what引导表语从句。
例2：Perseverance is a kind of quality, and thats ____ it takes to do anything well.(02上海)
A. whatB. thatC. whichD. why
解析：A。该空表示“……的内容”，而且在主句中作系动词is的表语，因此应用what引导表语从句。
四、考查what引导名词性从句创新含义
what引导名词性从句除表示“……的内容”外，还可表示“……的状况/人/地方/价格/速度/方法”，当然这种含义仍然属于“……的内容”。
例1：The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ____ it is.（07天津）
A. whatB. whichC. howD. where
解析：A。该空表示“……的状况”，应填what引导宾语从句。
例2：The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ____ he thought was not enough. (05山东)
A. whereB. howC. whatD. which
解析：C。借助sell for可以推出该空表示“……的价格”，因此应用what引导宾语从句。
例3：The way he did it was different ____ we were used to.(05江西)
A. in whichB. in whatC. from whatD. from which
解析：C。be different应与from构成搭配，因此该空作介词from的宾语，联系The way的语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“不同于……的方法”，因此应用 from what引导宾语从句。
例4：A modern city has been set up in ____ was a wasteland ten years ago. (04天津)
A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where
解析：A。借助a wasteland可以推出该空表示“……的地方”，因此应用what引导宾语从句。
例5：The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed.(04上海春季)
A. asB. whichC. whatD. that
语法复习——名词性从句 篇7
二、教材分析
本语法复习课的内容为名词性从句。教学内容的第一部分是名词性从句的总结归纳, 以学生回忆再现知识的方式, 检测掌握知识情况, 再详读语法解释并完成习题。第二部是针对性语法练习。第二部分以不同类型练习的形式呈现, 让学生运用读、说、写和译的综合语用能力, 掌握名词性从句。最后布置开放式作业。
三、教学目标
1.知识目标:复习名词性从句的基本知识点。
2.能力目标:通过同伴和小组活动, 掌握名词性从句, 并灵活运用。
3.情感目标:通过自主、合作学习, 增强学生学习英语语法的兴趣和方法。
四、教学设计
教学流程图
教学过程
Step1. Warming up.There are ten sentences for the students to pick the Noun Clauses out of them. Then let the students to share how they find out those sentence.
1. That we need more equipment is quite obvious.
2. That is what we should do first.
3. I had no idea where we were to get the money needed.
4. Where there is a will, there is a way.
5. It was in 1492 that Columbus discovered America.
6. It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite.
通过学生回忆相关知识导入, 教师可以较好的把握学生的知识掌握情况, 提供参考。在
Step 2. Go over the Summary of Noun Clauses on their reference books and filling the blank about the key points of Noun Clause
1 . 引导名词性从句的关联词分__类, 分别是:_________。
2.连词that的特征是:_____; 连词_____有词义, 表示________, 但在从句中____________.
总结:名词性从句连词只起到____主从句的作用, 在____中不做____, 但不可以________.
3.连接代词有___且在从句中充当:________; 连接代词_____意为“什么, 所……的事情”。
总结:连接代词有____, 既_____又___;且都在在从句中充当____ 词和_______词的成分。
[设计说明]
本环节让学生再次强化名词性从句的知识要点, 查漏补缺建立完整知识体系。
Step 3 Practice Grammar Part 1
用适当的连接词填空, 完成下列句子:
1. _____ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.
2. _____ we will go outing depends on the weather.
3. The tradition view is _____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us to do so.
本环节考察学生对名词性从句基础知识的掌握情况并要求学生说出答案和解题思路。
Step 4. Practice Grammar Part 2
用名词性从句翻译下列句子:
1.他们什么时候来还没公布。
______________________ hasn’t been made public.
2.为什么他做那件事将永远是个谜。
_________________remain a puzzle for ever.
3.我们正谈论这件事你该不该做。
We are talking about .
[设计说明]
翻译题难度加大并设计成半开放式练习, 旨在让学生强化知识运用。
Step 5 Practice Grammar Part 3
四人一小组, 任选话题, 交流意见和想法 (使用名词性从句造句) 。本环节的难度最大, 是个完全开放式的练习。需要学生灵活运用名词性从句的知识并结合最新的话题谈自己的观点同时和组员交流互动, 对学生的综合语言运用能力要求最高。
Step 6 Consolidation and Assignment .Ask the students to summary “ The Lesson Learnt Today” . After the class, write a one hundred words composition with any topic you like by using Noun Clauses as many as possible.
[结语] 本环节通过小结加深所学语法知识, 作业设计旨在提高学生灵活运用所学知识的能力。
摘要：本教学设计针对人教版新课标英语学生用书必修8中Unit1和Unit2的语法内容:复习名词性从句。尝试学生自主学习语法的有效方式, 把语法和读、说、写和译等真实语言运用能力结合起来。
名词性从句考点 篇8
1.1 有关定语从句的基本概念
(1) 定语从句:就是在复合句里充当定语的从句, 它通常紧靠在所修饰的名词或代词后面。它是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句, 其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分, 定语从句分为限制性和非限制性从句两种。
(2) 先行词:就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
(3) 关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
1.2 有关名词性从句的基本概念
(1) 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句, 包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
(2) 主语从句就是在复合句中做主语的从句。主语从句常用that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why, whatever, whoever等引导。
(3) 表语从句就是在系幼词之后作表语的句子。引导表语从句的连接除与引导主语从句的连接除词相同外, 还有as if, as though。
(4) 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的从句。引导宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词基本相同。
(5) 同位语从句就是在句中作同位语的从句。它通常放在though, idea, news, word (=news) , plan, doubt, question, face, suggestion, belief等抽象名词的后面, 说明这些词的具体内容或含义。
2 定语从句与名词性从句的用法
2.1 定语从句的用法
要想掌握定语从句, 首先必须掌握定语从句中关系词的使用。定语从句中的关系词分为两大类, 即关系代词和关系副词。首先我们看一下关系代词在定语从句中的应用, 关系代词分为指人和指物两大种。指人的关系代词有以下几个, 即:who, whose, whom, that, but等, 它们引导的定语从句先行词须是人。Who在定语从句中做主语。例如:Those who play in the river are students.Whose在定语从句中作定语, 后接名词。例如:This is the girl whose mother is an excellent teacher.而whom在定语从句中作宾语。例如:He is a man (whom) you can see everyday.关系代词that在限制性定语从句中既可以做主语也可以作宾语和表语。谈到关系代词but, 则比较特殊而且用起来有所限制。它的特殊之处在用它通常用在there be句型的否定句中, 它通常在句中做主语。例如:There is not one of us but wishes to help you.There are few of us but admire your determination.指物的关系代词有that, which和as, 它们引导的定语从句的先行词必须是物。That, which和as在定语从句中做主语、宾语和表语, 但是that只能引导限制性定语从句, 而which可以引导限制性定语从句和非限制定语从句, as只能引导非限制定语从句。例如:The park which/that.there are many flowers lies there. (which/that引导限制性定语从句) ;The park, which there are many flowers, lies there (which引导非限制定语从句) 。He is a kind man as we all know.就关系副词when, where, why的用法, 总结如下:关系副词when的使用必须具备两个条件: (1) 先行词必须是时间名词; (2) 必须在定语从句中作时间状语。否则, 我们就必须用关系代词that或which。例如:I will never forget the days when we stayed in Chengdu.I will never forget the days that/which we stayed at Chengdu four yearsago。如果先行词是地点名词, 而且在句中作地点状语, 我们应用关系副词where。否则, 我们应用关系代词that或which。例如:Heremembers the place where they met for the first time.This is the place which/that they were born in.那么先行词是the reason, 而且在定语从句中原因状语, 我们应用关系副词why。否则就用关系代词that或which。如:This is the reason why he helped us.This is the reason that/which is very important.关系副词when和where有时可用“介词+which”代替, why可用for which代替。
2.2 名词性从句的用法
名词性从句包括主语、宾语、同位语以及表语从句。主语从句常用that, whether, who, whom, whose, that, which, when, where, why, how, whatever, whoever等引导。但有时为了避免头重脚轻, 使句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语, 而将主语从句后置 (注:由连接词what, whatever, whoever等引导的主语从句一般不能用形式主语。) 引导表语从句的连接词除与引导主语从句的连接词外, 还有as if, as though。引导宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词基本相同。掌握名词性从句同样也需首先掌握先行词。引导名词性从句的连接词分为三部分, 即连接代词、连接副词、以及连词。连接代词有what, whatever, which, whichever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose。连接副词有why, when, where, how等。连词有that, whether, if。连接代词中最主要要掌握what, whatever和which, whichever的用法。What, whatever在句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语, 例如:She is no longer what she used to be.而which, whichever在句中常作定语。例如:Please let me know which book I should need first.而其它的连接代词在句中的成分和定语从句的用法是一样的。关系副词why, when, where, how分别在句中作原因时间、地点、方式状语。连词that在句中不做成分, 但除在宾语从句中外一般不能省掉。whether可引导任何一种名词性从句, 但if却只能引导动词后的宾语从句。从以上的叙述中, 我们可以看到定语从句和名词性从句的主要区别就在what, that, how, whether, if这几个词中。定语从句中不会用到what, how, whether, if这几个词。而that虽然在定语从句中做成分, 但在名词性从句中不做成分只起连接作用。
3 定语从句与名词性从句的不同点和相似性
1) 定语从句在主句中作定语, 简单地说就是主句完整, 定语从句在主句用来修饰名词或名词性的成分。比如:The book that we lent is good.其中that we lent是定语, 修饰先行词“the book”去掉以后留下主干The book is good依然正确。而that是该定语从句的引导词, 在定语从句中做宾语。就是只看从句成分的话就相当于we lent the book.因为从句中和主句中都出现了“the book”, 所以应用that代替the book避免重复。而名词性从句则必须要在从句中担当一个名词性的成分, 比如在主谓宾 (A是B) 句型中, 你可以用从句来当主语或宾语 (A或B) 。在主系表 (A是咋样的) 中当主语或表语 (A和“咋样的”) , 或者作同位语, 同位语就相当于给一个名词作解释。和定语从句不同, 名词性从句除了同位语从句要在主句中做成分。比如:what I said is right在主系表结构中做主语, 如果省掉句子就变成is right这显然是错误what I said中, what是said的宾语, 相当于I said right这一点和定语从句很像。实际上, 这里的what相当于一个先行词+定语从句。比如例句可以写成: (The word that I said) is right。主语是The word is right加入成分是what I said这当然相当别扭, 所以一般写成It is right that I said. (因为这种情况下主语和表语是相同的) 。1、名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句四种。其在句子中的作用相当于一个名词, 分别做主语、宾语、同位语和表语。它们都是一个完整的句子, 都可由that引导, 且句子都用陈述语序。如:A.That she is an English teacher is known to all in our school.That she is an English teacher是由that引导的主语从句, 在句子中做主语) B.The woman that you saw is my mother. (that you saw是由that引导的定语从句, 其作用是修饰the woman的) 。
2) 名词性从句中有种特殊的叫同位语从句和定语从句很相像。如The news that he told me is... (定语) ;The news that he is our headmaster is... (同位语) 。从字面上看, 所谓同位, 就是同一位置, 表示它们说的是同一个内容。The news that he told me is...中that从句中的...只是解释说明news, 实际上是和he told me the news混在一起了而the news that he is our headmaster is...中that从句中的...是news的同位语, 一看就知that从句说的东西是news的内容。判断是否为同位语从句方法很简单, 把先行词当主语, 把从句当表语看句子的逻辑结构是不是对的, 比如上述同位语例子可以写成The news is that he is our headmaster这个句子就没有逻辑错误, 但上述定语从句例子如果写成The news is that he told me译为“这个消息是他告诉我”, 就没有逻辑了。
4 关系词和连接词
1) 定语从句中的that和which比较 (表1)
2) 名词性从句中的that和what
(1) 不省略
(1) 当that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时, that不可省。
(2) 在主+谓+it (形宾) +宾补+that从句 (真宾语) 的句型中, that不可省。
(3) 由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中, 第二个宾语从句前的that不可省。
(2) 不做成分:that在名词性从句中不作任何句子成分。
(3) 在引导名词性定语从句时, what在句中不可省略。这一点用法与that不尽相同。一个有词义:what引导名词性从句时, 有词义。一般是…的东西/事情/话等”。一个做成分:what在引导名词性从句时, 在句中充当成分。
5 结语
定语从句和名词性从句是语法学习中及其重要的知识点, 同时也是大多数人难以攻克的难点。正确掌握和使用定语从句和名词性从句能为学生学好英语搭起一座畅通无阻的天桥。
参考文献
[1]陈琳.英语语法[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2003.
英语的名词性从句及用法 篇9
名词性从句是指在复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语以及同位语的句子, 从属于主句, 不能独立存在。下面就来详细介绍一下这四种主语从句的基本句型和用法。
㈠、主语从句
1. 什么是主语从句?
主语从句充当主句的主语, 一般要借助于“it”充当形式主语。
例如:It is true that the earth moves around the sun. (地球绕着太阳转是真实的。) 在这个句子里, that所引导的就是一个主语从句, “it”只是形式上的主语, 我们转换一下就可以更清楚地看出哪个才是真正的主语了——That the earth moves around the sun is true.此处引导词“that”不可以省略。
主语从句的引导词除了可以用“that”, 还可以用“if”、“whether”和各种疑问词。
2.主语从句的几种结构
(1) 由“it”作为形式主语的几种形式, 即“It is+名词/形容词/不及物动词/过去分词+从句”的结构。例如:
It is a fact that America is richer than China.事实是美国比中国富。
It is common knowledge that there are 24hours a day.一天有24小时是常识。
It is natural that I think of you when I am in trouble.我在遇到麻烦时很自然就想到了你。
此外还有It is strange that…”奇怪的是…”、It seems that…”似乎…”、It happened that…”碰巧…”、It is reported that…”据报道…”、It is said that…”据说…”等。
(2) 由what和that所引导的主语从句。例句:
What you said yesterday is untrue.你昨天说的不是真的。
That she is a scientist surprised all of us.她是科学家的事让所有人都惊呆了。
㈡、宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中充当宾语的从句。宾语从句共有三大类, 即动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句, 其语序必须是陈述语序。
1、动词的宾语从句
(1) 大部分的动词后面都可以直接加宾语从句, 如:say、think、wish、hope、see、believe、agree、except、hear、feel等, 通常是由that引导的陈述句, 在口语中that常被省略, 但在书面语中还是不省略为好。例句:
He said that he would phone me this evening.他说了晚上会给我打电话。
I wish that you will have a good future.我希望你能有一个好的将来。
(2) 部分“动词+副词”的结构也可以带宾语从句, 连接词that一般省略。例如:
I have found out (that) all the lights of the house were turned off except the study room.我发现除了书房, 房子里所有的灯都熄灭了。
Can you work out (that) how much you have spent last term?你能计算出你上学期花了多少钱吗?
(3) 动词consider、feel、fi nd、believe、make等后面有宾语补足语时, 需要借助于“it”作为形式宾语, 而把由that引导的宾语从句后置。例句:
I feel it important that you won’t quarrel any more.我感觉重要的是你俩不要再吵了。
He thinks it necessary that he learn a foreign language before going abroad.
他认为有必要在出国前学一门外语。
I have made it a rule that I go out for a walk every morning.我每天早晨出去散步成了一种习惯。
2、介词的宾语从句
在一些介词和介词短语后面通常也可以加上宾语从句。例如:
They have talking about where to go for their holidays this summer.
他们正在讨论这个夏天去哪里度假。
This movie is about what have happened during the second World War.
这部电影是关于二战时期所发生的事。
3、形容词的宾语从句
在glad、sorry、pleased、afraid、sure、surprised、happy、certain等形容词后面通常也能够加上宾语从句。例句:
I’m glad that you can come to my birthday party.我很高兴你能来参加我的生日聚会。
I’m afraid that I can’t help you this time.恐怕我这次帮不了你了。
They were surprised that all the books have been sold out in one month.
他们都很吃惊所有的书一个月之内都卖光了。
㈢、表语从句
表语是句子中放在连系动词后面, 对主语进行解释说明的成分。在简单句中, 表语通常为形容词, 例如:
The scenery here is very beautiful.这里的景色很美。
句中, 在be动词后面的形容词beautiful就是表语, 是对主语scenery进行解释说明的。
在复合句中, 主语+连系动地+从句, 这个句子在整个句子中做的是表语, 叫做表语从句。例句:
He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.他已经成为了他十年前想成为的人。
The good news is that we have solved the problem.好消息是我们已经解决了问题。
The question is whether it is a sunny day tomorrow.问题是明天是不是个好天。
㈣、同位语从句
同位语是指一个名词或代词对另外一个名词或代词进行修饰、限定或说明, 这个名词或代词就是同位语。如:
Mr.li, my boss, will visit us on Wednesday.李先生, 我们的老板, 星期三要来拜访我们。句子里, my boss就是Mr.li的同位语, 对其进行了限定, 说明了他的身份。
在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句, 该从句的连接词可以是that、whether, 连接代词what、who、whom、whose以及连接副词when、where、how、why等。例句:
The idea that he can do this work well is wrong.认为他能做好这件工作的想法是错的。
The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.我们是否请专家由家庭医生决定。
He doesn’t know what size shoes his wife wears.他不知道他妻子穿多大的鞋子。
They haven’t settled the question where they would spend their holiday.
到哪儿去度假, 这个问题还没定。
以上介绍的名词性从句只是英语中从句的一个部分, 英语中还有形容词性从句, 即我们通常所说的定语从句, 以及副词性从句也就是状语从句。要想讲出一口流利的英语首先要掌握如何正确使用英语的句子, 学好从句就是关键的一步, 另外, 掌握英语的各种从句的用法也可以帮助我们写出更优美的英语作文。
参考文献
[1]、郑银花.英朝名词性从句对比研究[D]延边大学2008
名词性从句考查热点练与析 篇10
Ⅰ. 自我测评
1. Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. (2011年北京卷)
A. Which B. What
C. That D. Whom
2. The shocking news made me realize terrible problems we would face. (2011年北京卷)
A. what B. how
C. that D. why
3. There is clear evidence the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain. (2011年上海卷)
A. what B. if
C. how D. that
4. The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of others actually understand. (2011年上海卷)
A. why B. that
C. which D. what
5. I am afraid he's more of a talker than a doer, which is he never finishes anything. (2011年山东卷)
A. that B. when
C. where D. why
6. We've offered her the job, but I don't know she'll accept it. (2011年山东卷)
A. where B. what
C. whether D. which
7. The villagers have already known we'll do is to rebuild the bridge. (2011年江西卷)
A. this B. that
C. what D. which
8. It was never clear the man hadn't reported the accident sooner. (2011年江苏卷)
A. that B. how
C. when D. why
9. When the news came the war broke out, he decided, to serve in the army. (2011年辽宁卷)
A. since B. which
C. that D. because
10. As soon as he comes back, I'll tell him when and see him. (2005年北京卷)
A. you will come B. will you come
C. you come D. do you come
11. He didn't make clear when and where the meeting would be held. (2007年天津卷)
A. this B. that
C. it D. these
12. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That's the best jobs are. (2007年浙江卷)
A. where B. what
C. when D. why
13. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was it was rather closely modeled on his own life. (2010年北京卷)
A. what B. that
C. why D. whether
14. To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions had used the products. (2010年重庆卷)
A. whoever B. who
C. whichever D. which
15. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew she was so angry. (2010年湖南卷)
A. where B. whether
C. that D. why
【答案与解析】
1. B 句意为:芭芭拉·琼斯为其粉丝带来的是诚实和幸福。由句中的is可知其前面是一个主语从句, 从句中offer缺少宾语, 故用what引导主语从句, 并在从句中作宾语。
2. A 句意为:这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。根据宾语从句中被修饰的名词problems可知, 应该选用连接词what, what连接宾语从句并作定语修饰problems。
3. D 句意为:有证据表明, 所有能够说明的感觉中最困难的是身体的疼痛。这是一个同位语从句, 分析句子结构, 从句中不缺成分, 故用连词that引导。
4. D 句意为:你试图通过言语表达的意思或许恰恰跟别人理解的相反。of后的宾语从句中understand后面缺少宾语, 故用what引导。
5. D 句意为:我觉得与其说他是个实干家不如说他是个空谈家, 这就是他一事无成的原因。分析句子结构可知, which引导的非限定性定语从句中有一个表语从句, 根据句意用why引导。
6. C 句意为:我们给了她那份工作, 但我并不知道她是否会接受。空格处缺少表示“是否”意义的连接词。在名词性从句中, where表示地点;what在从句中应作主语、宾语或表语;whether表示“是否”;which表示“哪一个”。故答案为C。
7. C 句意为:村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥。分析句子结构可知, known后面的宾语从句中含有一个主语从句, 该从句中缺少宾语, 所以选择what。which强调“哪一个”, 不符合句意。
8. D 句意为:根本没有搞清楚那名男子为什么没有早点报告这次事故。it在句中是形式主语, 真正的主语是why引导的主语从句。
9. C 句意为:当战争爆发的消息传来时, 他决定去部队服役。此处的the war broke out解释说明the news的具体内容, 且从句中不缺少成分, 故为同位语从句, 用that连接。
10. A when引导宾语从句, 作tell的直接宾语, 从句中应使用陈述语序, 排除B、D选项;根据语境, 应使用将来时态, 故排除C项。
11. C make后接复合宾语, 真正的宾语是when and where the meeting would be held, 宾补是clear。由于宾语太长, 故使用it作形式宾语。
12. A 表语从句中are后面缺少表语, 连接代词和连接副词都可以作表语, 根据句意“那儿才是找好工作的地方”可知, 应选用连接副词where。
13. B 表语从句中不缺成分, 因此用that来引导。句意为:狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说《大卫·科波菲尔》的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。
14. A 该题中动词ask常用ask sb. for sth., 因此此处为作宾语的从句后置, 用whoever引导宾语从句, whoever相当于anybody who。
15. D 根据句意“办公室里没有人知道她为什么如此生气”可判断选择why引导宾语从句。
Ⅱ. 考点透视
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句, 它是中学英语语法中的重点和难点, 也是高考考查的热点;以考查宾语从句和主语从句为主, 考查表语从句和同位语从句为辅;涉及的热点连词有what, that, who, where, why, how, when, whoever, whatever等。
考点一:考查从句中的语序
在名词性从句中一律使用陈述句语序, 特别要注意由连接代词和连接副词引导的从句, 不可受特殊疑问词的影响而用了疑问句语序。例如:
I wonder when S.H.E. is coming to Jinan to have a concert. 我想知道S.H.E.什么时候来济南开演唱会。
The big problem for the U.S. is how they can settle the financial crisis. 美国面临的重大问题是如何解决金融危机。
【考例】
When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know . (2010年上海卷)
A. he is entering which lane
B. which lane he is entering
C. is he entering which lane
D. which lane is he entering
【解析】B which引导的句子作know的宾语, 从句中应用陈述语序。
考点二:考查it作形式主语或形式宾语代替主语从句或宾语从句
英语中为了保持句子平衡, 常用it代替主语从句或宾语从句, 而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面。这时需要注意不能用that, this或these等作替代词。例如:
It is required in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. 规则中要求你不能把你电子信箱账号的密码告诉别人。
Sang Lan has made it clear that she will not give in to fate. 桑兰清楚地表明她不会向命运屈服。
【考例】①It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. (2010年浙江卷)
A. that B. what
C. how D. whether
【解析】B 句意为:尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物, 但是, 它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。it是形式主语, 真正的主语是后面连词引导的整个句子。side effect意思是“副作用”, 还原主语从句中的主干是the medicine will bring about side effect, 故选择what, 作形容词“什么样的”, 修饰后面的名词side effect。
②It never occurred to me you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. (2010年陕西卷)
A. which B. what
C. that D. if
【解析】C 句意为:我从来没有想到你能成功说服他改变主意。“你能成功说服他改变主意”陈述了一件事实, 故用that引导, 作主语从句, 前面的it是形式主语。
考点三:考查从句连接词的选用
引导名词性从句的连接词很多, 归纳起来可分为以下三类:
选择连接词时可以依据“从句中缺什么成分补什么成分”的原则确定是选用连接代词还是连接副词, 然后再根据意思选用具体的连接词。如果名词性从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语, 则选用连接代词。如果名词性从句中缺少状语, 则选用连接副词。如果名词性从句中不缺成分, 而仅表示陈述事实, 则用that引导。例如:
When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly he wants. (当你面试回答问题时, 请记住这条黄金法则:永远给予他人他确实想要的东西。)
分析:give后接双宾语, 宾语从句中wants后面缺少宾语, 故填what。
We believed he had earned enough money to build a house. (我们相信他已经挣了足够多的钱来建造房屋。)
分析:宾语从句中不缺少成分, 且陈述一件事实, 用that引导。
will win the match is still unknown. (谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。)
分析:分析题干可知这是一个含有主语从句的复合句, 主语从句中缺少主语, 且指人, 用who引导。
I have no idea he learned about it. (我不知道他是怎么得知的。)
分析:同位语从句中不缺少主语和宾语, 根据意思, 句中缺少表示方式的状语, 应填连接副词how。
【考例】
①As a new graduate, he doesn't know it takes to start a business here. (2010年天津卷)
A. how B. what
C. when D. which
【解析】B 句意为:作为一名新毕业生, 他不知道需要什么才能开始在这里经营。空格后的宾语从句中takes是动词, 其后缺少宾语, 所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what。
②Before the sales start, I make a list of my kids will need for the coming season. (2010年山东卷)
A. why B. what
C. how D. which
【解析】B 句意为:在大甩卖开始前, 我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一张清单。分析句子结构可知, 空格处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充当need的宾语, 所以B项正确。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。
③How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. (2010年四川卷)
A. what B. who
C. how D. why
【解析】B 根据句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知应该是“和谁去”, 故选B。句意为:一个人旅游有多么享受很大程度上取决于他和谁去, 无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。
④We haven't discussed yet we are going to place our new furniture. (2010年全国卷Ⅰ)
A. that B. which
C. what D. where
【解析】D 句意为:我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里。题干中空格在动词discuss的后面, 因此考查宾语从句。根据句意可知宾语从句中缺少地点状语, 因此选择D项。
考点四:考查主从句中的时态呼应
在名词性从句中, 要注意从句谓语动词应该与主句谓语动词的时态一致。
1.在宾语从句中, 当主句是一般现在时、现在完成时、一般将来时等时态时, 宾语从句可以根据句子意义的需要用任何时态。例如:
Do you know why he was late this morning? 你知道他今天早晨迟到的原因吗?
I don't know when he will leave for Shanghai. 我不知道他将什么时候去上海。
2.如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时, 则宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。例如:
Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didn't want her parents to know what she was doing. 苏珊不想在家里做这个程序, 因为她不想让她父母知道她正在干什么。
3.如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理, 则不论主句中用了何种时态, 其谓语动词仍用一般现在时。例如:
The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound. 老师说光比声音传播得快。
Our fathers said that practice makes perfect. 我们的父辈们说:熟能生巧。
4.在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中, 也要注意从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时态一致性。关键要注意动作发生的先后关系。例如:
Who will be sent abroad has not been decided. 派谁去国外, 还没有决定。 (主句是现在完成时, 从句是一般将来时)
The earth of today is not what it was millions of years ago. 今天的地球不是几百万年前的地球了。 (主句是一般现在时, 从句是一般过去时)
【考例】
① Scientists have many theories about how the universe into being. (2009年北京卷)
A. came B. was coming
C. had come D. would come
【解析】A 句意为:科学家关于宇宙是怎样形成的有很多理论。宇宙的形成是过去的事情, 应使用一般过去时。
② The moment I got home, I found I my jacket on the playground. (2008年陕西卷)
A. had left B. left
C. have left D. was leaving
【解析】A I found后接宾语从句, 由于主句动词使用了一般过去时, 且宾语从句的动作发生在主句动作之前, 应使用过去完成时。
考点五:考查从句中的虚拟语气
在某些宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中, 谓语动词需用虚拟语气。
1.宾语从句中
1) 在表示坚持、要求、命令、建议之类的动词后的宾语从句中, 谓语动词要用 “should + 动词原形”形式, should 可省略。常见的此类动词有insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, demand, request, require, recommend等。例如:
The guard at the gate insisted that everybody (should) obey the rules. 门口的哨兵坚持每个人都应遵守规章制度。
He demanded that he (should) be sent to work there. 他要求被派往那儿工作。
需特别注意的是:动词suggest表示“暗示、表明”, insist表示 “坚持说 (认为) ”时, 其后的宾语从句中的谓语动词则要用相应的陈述语气。例如:
On the dead boy's face there was a half smile that seemed to suggest that he was happy to have given his life for his country. 在那位死去的孩子的脸上有一丝微笑, 似乎表明他很高兴把自己的生命献给了自己的祖国。
The Arab insisted that he had never seen the camel. 那位阿拉伯人坚持说他从来没有看见过骆驼。
【考例】The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal. (2009年浙江卷)
A. wouldn't B. couldn't
C. needn't D. shouldn't
【解析】D recommend后接宾语从句时, 从句中应使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用“should+动词原形”。
2) 在动词wish后面的宾语从句中, 谓语动词用过去式, 表示与现在事实相反的一种愿望;用“had +过去分词”, 表示与过去事实相反的一种愿望或已经发生的一件遗憾的事情;用“should/would/might/could + 动词原形”表示与将来事实相反或不可能实现的愿望。例如:
I wish I remembered her address now. 我希望我现在记得她的地址。
I wish I had seen you yesterday. 我希望我昨天见到了你。
She wishes she would try again. 她希望她能再试一次。
【考例】How I wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden! (2002年上海春招卷)
A. has B. had
C. will have D. had had
【解析】B 此题表达的是现在的一种愿望, wish后的宾语从句应使用一般过去时。
2.主语从句中
在“It is/was + 形容词 (或过去分词) + 主语从句” 的句型中, 从句中的谓语动词不论人称和数都可以用“should +动词原形”结构, should可省略。本句型中常用的形容词有:necessary, important, strange, natural, essential等;常用的过去分词通常是表示提议、要求、命令等动词的过去分词, 如suggested, ordered, demanded, required, requested, proposed, advised, decided等。例如:
It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. 有必要立即派他到那里去。
It has been decided that the meeting (should) be put off. 已决定推迟举行会议。
3.表语从句和同位语从句中
在表示意愿、要求、命令、建议等名词之后的表语从句或同位语从句中, 谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”形式, should 可省略。这类名词有:idea, proposal, suggestion, order, plan, decision, advice, desire, requirement等。例如:
My proposal is that the meeting (should) be put off. 我的建议是推迟举行会议。
The professor gave orders that the test be finished before 5:30. 教授命令测验在五点半之前完成。
【考例】We should consider the students' request the school library provide more books on popular science. (2009年重庆卷)
A. that B. when
C. which D. where
【解析】A request是表示请求、建议类的名词, 其后的同位语从句中使用虚拟语气。本题中从句的谓语动词使用了动词原形, 同位语从句中不缺少任何成分, 故选用that引导。
Ⅲ.易错点、易混点解析
1.that和what
这是高考测试的一对热点连词。that引导名词性从句时仅起连接作用, 不在句子中充当任何成分, 也无任何意义, 除在宾语从句中外一般不可省略;what引导名词性从句时, 除起连接作用外, 还在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分, 而且意思非常灵活, 可根据具体语境译成“ (所) ……的 (话、东西、样子、地方、时候等) ”。例如:
parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.
分析:分析句子结构可知这是一个含有主语从句的复合句, 主句谓语动词是has, 其前是主语从句作主语, 从句中say and do后面缺少宾语, 且表示“所……的”, 故用what, 不用that。
fashion differs from country to country may reflect the culture differences from one aspect.
分析:这是一个含有主语从句的复合句。因为主语从句是一个完整的句子, 陈述了一个事实, 不缺少任何成分, 所以要用that。这句话的意思是:国与国之间的时装差异可以从一个方面反映出其文化上的差异。
2.whether和if
whether与if在引导宾语从句时一般可以互换, 但在下列情况下一般只能用whether, 不用if:
①引导主语从句并在句首时;②引导表语从句时;③引导从句作介词宾语时;④从句后有or not时;⑤后接动词不定式时。例如:
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留?
3.wh-ever与no matter wh- 的区别
wh-ever既可引导名词性从句, 又可引导让步状语从句, 而no matter wh- 只能引导让步状语从句。例如:
Whatever I say, he won't listen to me. = No matter what I say, he won't listen to me. 无论我说什么, 他都不听我的。 (让步状语从句)
He would believe whatever I said. 他会相信我所说的任何话。 (宾语从句, 不能用no matter what引导)
The poor young man is ready to accept help he can get. 那个可怜的年轻人愿意接受他所能得到的任何帮助。 (空格处缺少修饰help的定语, 因此应该选择连接代词。whatever help he can get = any help that he can get)
fails to see this will make a big mistake. 任何人只要没能看到这一点将会犯很大的错误。 (这是一个含有主语从句的复合句。从句中缺少主语, 应选择连接代词, 根据句意可知表示“任何……的人”, 应填Whoever, 相当于Anybody who)
4.that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别
连词that引导同位语从句时, 应放在某些抽象名词之后, 如fact, hope, desire, thought等, 对前面的名词起补充说明的作用, 连词that只起引导同位语从句的作用, 在同位语从句中不担当任何成分, 因此that引导的同位语从句是完整的, 不缺任何成分。
关系代词that引导定语从句时, 关系代词that一方面起引导定语从句的作用, 另一方面, that在定语从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。因此, that引导的定语从句是残缺的。例如:
The news that our football team won the match was encouraging. (同位语从句, 不缺任何成分)
The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true. (定语从句, 缺少宾语)
IV.巩固性练习
1. Your skirt is really splendid, but we actually need is not a skirt but a new pair of shoes.
A. that B. what
C. whether D. how
2. made me more surprised was the pickpocket asked my friend to lend him some money and he agreed.
A. What; that B. That; that
C. What; whether D. It; that
3. What do you think of this suggestion that we lunch at the new restaurant?
A. will have B. are going to have
C. would have D. have
4. I don't know the reason you were absent from the meeting, but I'm sure that someone will tell me the reason you haven't told me.
A. why; that B. that; why
C. because; which D. of which; that
5. made his mother surprised was Tom Smith should have been fooled by such a simple trick.
A. What; that B. What; because
C. That; what D. That; because
6. According to Bill Gates, the idea we can play video games and receive E-mails without sitting at a keyboard will come true. However, it is unclear it will be on sale and it will cost.
A. which; that; what
B. /; whether; how much
C. that; when; what
D. that; that; how much
7. The doctors are trying their best to reduce the people's fear they would be infected by the present disease called SARS.
A. whether B. which
C. when D. that
8. Word has come in some Western countries, demand for graduates from MBA courses has fallen down.
A. that B. while
C. when D. as
9. Though Frances congratulates herself on her success she sometimes wonders will happen to her private life.
A. it B. what
C. which D. that
10. I think Mother would like to know I've been up to so far, so I decide to send her a quick not.
A. which B. why
C. what D. how
11. We should be aware of the fact rich countries are becoming richer while poor countries are becoming poorer.
A. which B. what
C. that D. where
12. They are teachers and don't realize to start and run a company.
A. what it takes
B. what takes it
C. what they take
D. what takes them
13. I haven't settled the question of I'll go back home.
A. as B. what
C. whether D. if
14. On stepping into his room he was astonished to find the floor covered with looked like tiny insects.
A. that B. something
C. what D. anything
15. In order to encourage the students to study hard, the school decides to give the scholarship to wins the first in the exam.
A. who B. whom
C. whomever D. whoever
16. Tom was worried seemed obvious to everyone present at the meeting.
A. What B. Which
C. That D. How
17. —It remains to be seen the plan can be put into practice.
—It depends on your determination.
A. whether B. where
C. how D. that
18. Many experts hold the view teacher development is the key to better education lies.
A. which; where B. which; in which
C. that; where D. that; in which
19. After seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to have the job interview.
A. that B. which
C. what D. who
20. There was a sudden flash, followed by sounded like fireworks.
A. what B. something
C. it D. which
21. —Was it he said or all that he did let you down, Joan?
—No, not really.
A. which; that B. what; that
C. that; what D. what; what
22. is known to us all is that the old scientist, for life was hard in the past, still works very hard in his eighties.
A. As; whom B. What; whom
C. It; whose D. As; whose
23. That art center is used to be a factory, millions of tractors were made.
A. what; where B. where; where
C. what; which D. where; which
24. My pen-friend, Peter, wrote to me, expressing the hope he would come to Beijing to see the 2008 Olympic Games.
A. which B. that
C. what D. whether
25. I still couldn't understand the machine would work, so I asked him to explain it to me.
A. how B. what
C. which D. whom
26. The police finally got to was once an old temple the villagers used as a school.
A. which; what B. what; that
C. where; which D. what; where
27. He was such a great hero that he did, even his way of walking, was imitated by many young people.
A. whatever B. no matter what
C. however D. no matter how
28. “You can't choose what life you will have, ” said Tai Lihua, a deaf leading dancer, “but you can choose your attitude towards life.” And this is I completely agree.
A. why B. what
C. when D. where
29. Actually children can be they want to be, whether it is pilot, a soldier, or a general manager.
A. who B. which
C. whatever D. whomever
30. If you feel tired and sick of fatty foods, that is you have to go to the hospital for a medical examination.
A. why B. when
C. whether D. what
【答案与解析】
1. B what引导主语从句, 并且在主语从句中作宾语。当名词性从句中缺少名词性的成分 (主语、宾语、表语) 时, 一般用what来引导。
2. A 第一个空用What, 它一方面在句子中引导主语从句, 另一方面又在主语从句中作主语;第二个空用that来引导表语从句, 引导表语从句的that只起连接词的作用, 不在句中作成分。
3. D suggestion后接同位语从句时, 从句的谓语动词用“should +动词原形”, 其中should可以省略。
4. A 第一个空后定语从句缺原因状语, 所以用关系副词why;第二个空后定语从句中tell缺少直接宾语, 可以用关系代词that或which。
5. A what引导主语从句, 并且在主语从句中作主语;that引导表语从句, 在表语从句中不作成分, 只起连接词的作用。
6. C that引导同位语从句说明idea的具体内容。when it will be on sale and what it will cost是两个并列的主语从句, 放在句尾, 由it作形式主语, 其中what也可以用how much来替换。
7. D 这是一个同位语从句, 空格后的整个句子作fear的同位语, 说明fear的具体内容。
8. A 为避免“头重脚轻”的感觉, 平衡句子结构, 把that引导的同位语从句后置。还原成正常语序为:Word that in...has fallen down has come.
9. B what用来引导宾语从句作动词wonder的宾语, 并且在宾语从句中作主语。
10. C 由句子结构可知, 此处需用连词引导宾语从句。根据句中的be up to判断, 连词应作to的宾语, 只有A、C项有可能, 而which表示选择性, 前文应有选择范围, 所以只能选what。
11. C fact后接同位语从句, 表示fact的内容, 用that引导。
12. A realize后接宾语从句, 宾语从句中takes后缺少宾语, 故用what引导。
13. C of后接宾语从句, 空格表示“是否”之意, 且在介词之后, 用whether引导, 不用if。
14. C with后接宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 故用what引导。
15. D to后接宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 且表示anybody who的意思, 用whoever引导, 不用who。
16. C seemed前的主语从句陈述了一个事实, 从句中不缺少成分, 用that引导。如用what, 则在worried后加about。
17. A 本题用先行it作主语, 真正的主语是后面的主语从句, 根据意思, 此处表示“是否”, 故用whether引导。
18. C 第一空view后接同位语从句, 表示view的内容, 用that引导;第二空is后接表语从句, 意思是“更好教育之关键所在”, 用where引导。
19. C after后接宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 用what引导。
20. A by后接宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 用what引导。
21. B 这是一个强调结构与主语从句结合考查的题目。分析句子结构可知, 强调的是句子的主语, 主语从句中的动词said后缺少宾语, 故第一空用what, 第二空用构成强调结构的that。
22. B 第二个is是主句的动词, 其前是主语从句, 由于缺少主语, 用what引导;第二空是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句, 关系代词whom作介词for的宾语。
23. A is后接表语从句, 由于从句中缺少主语, 用what引导;第二空是定语从句, 修饰先行词factory, 由于factory在定语从句中作地点状语, 故用where引导。
24. B hope后接同位语从句, 表示hope的内容, 用that引导。
25. A understand后接宾语从句, 根据句意“我还是不明白这台机器是怎样工作的, 因此我让他给我解释一下”可知, 应选用how引导宾语从句。
26. B got to后接宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 故用what引导;第二空引导的是定语从句, 先行词temple在后面的定语从句中作used的宾语, 故选用关系代词that引导。
27. A 由句子后半句的结构可知, was前应该是主语部分, 而whatever可以引导名词性从句, no matter what只能引导状语从句。另外, 如果用how则do后缺少宾语。
28. D 此处where引导表语从句, 并在从句中作地点状语, 相当于the point to which。此题不可选用what, 因为agree是不及物动词。
29. C whatever引导表语从句, 并在从句中作be的表语。句意为:事实上, 孩子们可以成为他们想成为的任何一种人, 无论是飞行员、士兵还是总经理。
30. B when引导表语从句, 句意为:假如你感到疲惫并且对油腻食物没胃口的话, 就到了去医院做检查的时候了。