英语的脑筋急转弯

英语的脑筋急转弯（精选六篇）

英语的脑筋急转弯 篇1

关键词：关联理论,脑筋急转弯,幽默话语

1引言

脑筋急转弯最早起源于印度, 是由时报文化于1989年12月6日发行的一系列单篇漫画笑话全集, 由前一页漫画式的问题到翻过面后出人意料的答案组成。脑筋急转弯是一种思维游戏, 也是一种语言游戏。 (丁铭, 2009) 脑筋急转弯利用语音、语义和文字来预设陷阱, 使人们打破常规思维, 得出出人意料的答案。从这一点来说, 脑筋急转弯有利于活跃大脑思维, 培养创新能力, 同时有利于活跃气氛, 提高幽默感。脑筋急转弯通常分为益智类、讽刺类、数学类、英语类, 幽默类等等。本文着重分析脑筋急转弯中幽默类所使用的语言。幽默类, 顾名思义, 就是一种能够让人发笑的脑筋急转弯。幽默话语是说话者在某一特定情景下说出来的, 听话者的任务是通过语境线索, 利用自己的语言和非语言知识去发现说话者所要表达的意图。 (Blakemore, 1992) 幽默往往是由于不和谐而产生的。听话者必须去觉察这种不和谐因素中的意义, 然后去发现不和谐中的和谐, 并理解发话者通过幽默所表达的意图。 (王勇, 2001) 本文试图利用语用学中的关联原则来阐述脑筋急转弯中幽默话语产生的原因及过程。

2关联理论对脑筋急转弯中幽默话语的解读

关联理论是D.Sperber和D.Wilson在Grice合作原则的基础上创建的一种语用学理论。关联理论认为人类的交际和认知活动都受制于关联。语言交际是一种明示推理过程。明示和推理是交际过程中的两个方面。明示是指明确地向听话人表示意图的一种行为;推理是指听话人从说话人所提供的信息中推断说话人意图的行为。 (Sperber&Wilson, 1986) 如果交际双方的话语总是提供关联性最大的信息, 明确无误地表达意思, 这就是明示;如果交际对象必须从提供的信息中进行逻辑推理, 依靠相关的语境以及自身的百科全书知识来进行推导, 那就是推理。可以看出, 关联是一个相对概念, 它相对于语境, 依赖语境;它同时也依赖于交际主体的认知能力和认知环境, 所以关联有强弱程度之分, 它是一个由最大关联到最小关联或无关联的连续体。 (何兆熊, 2000) 下面本文将从语用前提、语境假设、最大关联以及最佳关联三个方面来分析脑筋急转弯中幽默话语的产生和过程。

2.1语用前提障碍的设置

整个语言交际是建立前提, 并由此推导出结论的过程。 (何兆熊, 2000) 前提就是交际双方都已知道的常识, 或是在听到话语后能根据语境推断出来的信息。因此这些信息往往包含在语句意思当中, 一般无须表现在语句的字面上。 (何自然, 1988) 在脑筋急转弯的推理过程中, 正是因为语用前提与真实答案中的冲突而使得答题者得出意料之外的答案, 从而产生幽默效果。

(1) 问:两只狗赛跑, 甲狗跑得快, 乙狗跑得慢, 跑到终点时, 哪只狗出汗多?

答:狗不会出汗。

(2) 问:猴子每分钟能掰一个玉米, 在果园里, 一只猴子5分钟能掰几个玉米?

答案:一个也没掰到, 果园里没有玉米。

在例 (1) 中, 这个问题设置的前提就是两只狗赛跑, 甲比乙跑得快, 那么哪只狗出的汗多, 不是甲就是乙, 答题者会在这两个选项里面进行选择, 但是事实上我们的百科知识告诉我们狗是不会出汗的, 因此答案既不是甲也不是乙。在例 (2) 中设置的前提是一只猴子在5分钟内能掰多少个玉米, 看起来像是一道简单的算术题。如果把焦点放在这上面的话是无法得出正确答案的。设置语用前提的障碍能引发幽默效果的原因在于语用前提将听话者的注意力转移至这个前提所设置的陷进中, 而答案却往往要跳出陷进才能得出。正是这样一种冲突惹人发笑。

2.2语境的变换

语境是一种心理建构体, 不仅包括交际时话语的上文、及时的物质环境等具体的语境因素, 也包括一个人的知识因素, 如已知的全部事实、假设、信念以及一个人的认知能力。 (Sperber&Wilson, 1986:15) 在交际过程中, 交际双方必须根据新旧信息, 进行思考推理获得语境效果才能得出答案。

(3) 一天, 一块三分熟的牛排在街上走着, 突然他在前方看到一块五分熟的牛排, 可却没有理会他。他们为什么没打招呼?

答案:因为他们不熟。

(4) 四个人在屋子里打麻将, 警察来了, 却带走了5个人, 为什么?

答案:因为他们打的人叫“麻将”。

例 (3) 中, 一块三分熟的牛排跟一块五分熟的牛排见面却不打招呼, 这是题中所提供的一个背景, 我们可以根据我们的百科知识和已有信息来推断出题者的意图。例 (4) 中, 四个人在屋里打麻将, 根据我们的常规思维, 警察来了, 带走的应该是四个人, 为什么却是五个人呢?这个时候语境所提供的信息已经更新, 答题者必须抓住这一新信息才能得出答案。因为语境的变换而产生的脑筋急转弯必须根据新语境来进行推理。也正是这种语境转变而得出的答案令人觉得不可思议, 从而产生幽默效果。

2.3最大关联与最佳关联的反差

在论述最大关联和最佳关联之前, 有必要对关联原则进行阐述。“说话人已经为实现关联最大化尽了最大的努力”, 这是1981年Wilson和Sperber在讨论Grice的会话理论时提出的关联原则。1986年, Wilson和Sperber正式提出关联原则, 认为“每个明示交际行为都在传递一种假设:该行为本身具有最佳关联。”1995年, 他们将关联原则改成交际关联原则并提出了认知关联原则。 (Sperber&Wilson, 1986:155) 在明示交际行为中涉及信息意图和交际意图, 信息意图就是话语字面的意义, 而交际意图就是说话者真正想表达的意思。最大关联就是信息意图符合交际意图, 而最佳关联就是明示的信息与听话人的语境没有产生足够大的关联性, 听话人必须对已有信息和知识进行加工处理, 直到理解说话者的交际意图为止。Carston也提出最佳关联性是指以最小的处理努力得到足够的认知效果。 (1988:60) 脑筋急转弯中的幽默就来自于最大关联与最佳关联之中的反差。

(5) 甲:你知不知道我最喜欢你哪一点?

乙:哪一点?

甲:离我远一点。

(6) 甲:这个世界我最喜欢两种花。

乙:哪两种呢?

甲:有钱花和随便花。

乙:你真美。

甲:我哪里美呢?

乙:想得美。

例 (5) 所展示的对话是一女生对一男生所说的。某男生自认为女生喜欢他。在前两句对话中, 乙认为甲会说喜欢他某种优点, 这就是最大关联。但答案却出乎意料, 必须根据相关语境和信息推理出答案, 这就是最佳关联。例 (6) 可以说是一个连环问题。讲到花, 我们通常会想到玫瑰花、茉莉花等, 有钱花和随便花必须通过语境推理才能获得。美, 我们一般说的是外在美或者内在美而不是想得美。所以脑筋急转弯中的幽默话语必须通过较大的推理努力才能获得。这种多付出的推理努力也会以额外的语境效果得到补偿, 这种额外的语境效果就是理解幽默言语时所获得的愉悦。 (朱燕, 2007) 这说的也就是最大关联和最佳关联之间的反差。

3结语

综上所述, 笔者认为关联理论为脑筋急转弯中的幽默话语的产生和过程提出了很好的解释。本文分别从关联理论的三个角度进行了论述。语用前提设置的障碍与得出的真实结果之间的差别产生了幽默效果;语境的变换使得不同语境之间的悬殊而产生幽默效果;最大关联与最佳关联之间的反差越大, 虽然关联性越低, 但是幽默性却会越强。

参考文献

[1]Blakemore, Diane.Understanding Utterances[M].Blackwell Publishers, 1992.

[2]Carston, R.Language and Cognition[M].New York:Cambridge University Press, 1988.

[3]Sperber, Wilson.Relevance:Communication and Cognition[M].New York:Cambridge University Press, 1986.

[4]Sperber, Wilson.On Grice’s Theory of Conversation[M].London:Croom Helm, 1981:170.

[5]Sperber, Wilson.Relevance:Communication and Cognition (2nd edition) [M].Oxford:Blackwell, 1995:260.

[6]丁铭.英语脑筋急转弯的语用分析[J].教学园地, 2009 (2) :162.

[7]何兆熊.新编语用学概要[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2000.

[8]何自然.语用学概论[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社, 1988.

[9]王勇.由关联理论看幽默言语[J].外语教学, 2001 (1) :24.

有趣的英语脑筋急转弯 篇2

2, What kind of dog does not bite or bark? 答案：A hot dog

3, Why do people go to bed? 答案：Because the bed won’t come to us.

4, What year is the best year for a kangaroo?答案： Leap year

5, Why is Sunday is the strongest day in a week? 答案：Because the rest of the days are weak days.

6, What will break once you say it? 答案：Silence

7, What fruit is never found singly? 答案：Pear

8, What clothing is always sad? 答案：Blue jeans

9, What is heavier in summer than in winter? 答案：The traffic to the beach

10, When are people smartest? 答案：When it’s sunny, everything is brighter

11, How many legs do horses have? 答案：Six. Forelegs in the front, two in the back

12, What’s the poorest bank in the world? 答案：The river bank

13, Who is closer to you, your mom or your dad? 答案：Mom. Because dad is farther.

14, What is the smallest room in the world? 答案：A mushroom

15, What has nothing but a head and a tail? 答案：A coin. Head(正面)tail(反面)

16, What kind of water should people drink in order to be healthy?答案：Drink well water.

17, Why is 10×10=1000 like your left eye? 答案：Because it’s not right.

18, What do you still keep after giving it to someone else? 答案：Your word

19, Take away my first letter, take away my second letter, take away all my letters, and I remain the same, what am I?答案： a postman

20, What king belongs to a student? 答案：A ruler

21, How long is a shoe? 答案：A little more than a foot long.

22, What is black and white and red (read) all over? 答案：Newspaper

23, What has a tongue but can’t talk? 答案：An envelope

24, How do you feel today? 答案：With my hands, of course

25, What has four legs but only one foot?答案： A bed

26, What has many tails(tales) but no head?答案： A book of stories

27, What has three hands but only one face? 答案：A clock

28, Which can move faster, heat or cold? 答案：Heat. You can catch a cold

29, Who always drives his customers away? 答案：A taxi-driver

30, What’s the smallest bridge in the world? 答案：The bridge of a nose

31, Who will be your friend, a poor friend or a rich friend? 答案：A poor friend, because a friend in need is a friend indeed.

32, What colour is the wind? 答案：Blue. The wind blew.

33, Why is the library the highest building? 答案：Because it has the most stories.

34, What is the longest word in the English language? 答案：Smile

35, What part of London is in France? 答案：The letter “N”.

36, What makes a road broad? 答案：B

37, What letter stands for the ocean? 答案：C

38, What three letters turn a boy into a man? 答案：AGE

39, What starts with T, ends with T, and can be full of T? 答案：teapot

40, How can you change a pear into a pearl? 答案：L

41, What’s the end of the word? 答案：D

42, Why are girls afraid of the letter C? 答案：because it makes fat fact.

英语脑筋急转弯 篇3

2.Why is the letter E so important?

3.Why are the letter G and letter S in “gloves” close to each other?

4.What letter is an animal ?

5.What letter is a question?

6.Why is U the joyest letter?

7.How can you make a rope shorter without cutting or winding it?

8.What can you tell from Peters record card with extremely poor grades?

9.What does everybody do at the same time? 10.What resembles half a pie?

11.Who works only one day in a year but never gets fired?

12.Why do lions eat raw meat?

13.How many sides does a circle have?

14.How can you be completely sleepless for seven days and still lack no rest?

15.If you throw a stone into the Red Sea，what will it become?

16.If twos company and threes crowd，whats four and five?

17.The farmers in this village used modern methods but harvested no apples this year，why?

18.A police officer had a brother ，but the brother had no brother.How could that be?

19.What falls often but never gets hurt?

20.What is it that everyone wants to have and get rid of too?

21.Where did the egg floating down the Mississippi River come from?

22.Lucky Mouse fell off a 1000-step stair and was not hurt.Why?

23.How can you make 1000 out of eight 8s?

24.How can you make 6 out of three 7s?

25.How can you make 6 out of three 5 s ?

1.Because it makes fat fact!

2.Because its the beginning of everything!

3.Because there is love between them!

4.Its the letter B!(bee)

5.Its the letter Y!(why)

6.Because its in the midst of fun!

7.Take a longer rope and compare with it!

8.He didnt cheat!

9.Grow old! (Breathe)

10.The other half!

11.Santa Claus 圣诞老人

12.They dont know how to cook.他们不知道如何烹饪!

13.Two.The inside and the outside!

14.Sleep at night!

15.Wet!

16.Nine!

17.They planted peach trees!

18.The police officer was a lady!

19.Snowflakes!

20.Ones appetite!

21.From a hen!

22.He fell off the last step!

23.Easy.8+8+8+88+888=1000!

24.Easy.7- 7/7=6!

用英语的脑筋急转弯 篇4

2. when should you kick(踢) a birthday?

3. what room has no walls, no doors, no floors and no windows?

4. why can’t your nose be twelve inches long?

5. it is yours, but others use it more than you do. what is it?

6. what has a bed but never sleeps?

7. which travels faster, heat or co1d?

8. what five-letter word has six left when you take two away?

9. what is the end of everything?

10. there are three men on a train. mr a speaks english and chinese. mr b speaks

french and english. mr c can only talk with mr a. what language does mr c speak?

11. what is it that can carry a message to anybody in any town?

12. what is it that, when once lost, you can never find again?

13. what is it that we never borrow but often return?

14. what never asks questions but gets a lot of answers?

15. what walks all the time but never leave his place?

16. what hands never hold anything?

17. it has a mouth, but never speaks; it has bed, but never sleeps on it. what

is it?

key

no.3 is space room.

no.5 is name.

no.6 is gum.

no.7 is cold.

no.8 is sixty.

no.9 is results.

no.10 is chinese.

no.11 is mobile.

no.12 is time.

no.13 is life.

no.14 is teacher.

no.15 is clock.

no.16 is handrail.

脑筋急转弯 篇5

A man killed his mother, was born before his father, and married his sister.

How did the man do all three things legally1?

What am I?

You may praise your good fortune and curse all you hate,

Yet I rule all your chaos and gamble your fate.5

By some I’m avoided by others I’m game,

Called by fat or slim, my meaning’s the same. Pearly Gate

Hiding within, there can be 28

More or less builds the pearly gate

Holes inside, filled with gold

Silver bridges can these guys hold

Strong and sturdy are these chaps6

Clean them up, or else silver caps

What are they?Answer:

查 德： 嗨，道格！没想到在这里见到你，你在找人吗？

道格拉斯：嗨，查德！世界真小啊。

查 德： 可不是嘛。你知道，就算是主编时不时也得喝上几口啊。如果你

在等人，我就不耽搁你了。不管你等的是谁，何不在等人时让我请你来上一杯？当然，只是一杯“秀兰·邓波儿”，我知道你在戒酒。

道格拉斯：你说的没错。

查 德： 那篇关于消费主义的稿件弄得怎么样了？

道格拉斯：还行，还行。

查 德： 酒保！给我朋友来一杯饮料。道格，来杯可乐怎么样？这杯不加

朗姆，我的那杯要加。

道格拉斯： 好的，好的。消费主义比我当初想得要有趣得多。

查 德： 有了你，什么题材都有趣得多。服务够快的呵，谢谢。记在我的账上。你想呆在吧台这边，还是去找个小隔间？

道格拉斯：这儿就不错。

查 德： 是的，在这儿你的朋友来了你就能看见。小费我来付吧。噢，见鬼，不好意思，酒保把咱们的饮料弄混了。这个——

道格拉斯：酒保，再给我来一杯。

查 德： 道格，别了！你甚至都不该进来这儿。

脑筋急转弯 篇6

2.龟ɡuī兔tù赛sài跑pǎo总zǒnɡ是shì乌wū龟ɡuī赢yínɡ，兔tù子zi应yīnɡ该ɡāi坚jiān持chí比bǐ哪nɑ一yī项xiànɡ目mù，才cái能nénɡ赢yínɡ得dé了le乌wū龟ɡuī？

3.什shén么me油yóu不bù能nénɡ点diǎn燃rán？

4.天tiān和hé月yuè哪nǎ个ɡe大dà？

5.白bái种zhǒnɡ人rén和hé黑hēi种zhǒnɡ人rén生shēnɡ的de婴yīnɡ儿ér，牙yá齿chǐ是shì什shén么me颜yán色sè的de？

6.江jiānɡ、河hé、湖hú、海hǎi有yǒu什shén么me不bù同tónɡ？

上期答案

1.笔画相同。都是十画。

2.两个字。“辞”和“海”。

3.因为自由女神像不能跳。

4.试卷上的题。

5.电脑可以搬家，人脑不能。